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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-6

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धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
नदीनां पर्वतानां च नामधेयानि संजय ।
तथा जनपदानां च ये चान्ये भूमिमाश्रिताः ॥१॥
1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
nadīnāṁ parvatānāṁ ca nāmadheyāni saṁjaya ,
tathā janapadānāṁ ca ye cānye bhūmimāśritāḥ.
1. Dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca nadīnām parvatānām ca nāmadheyāni
Sañjaya tathā janapadānām ca ye ca anye bhūmim āśritāḥ
1. Dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca Sañjaya,
nadīnām ca parvatānām ca tathā janapadānām ca ye ca anye bhūmim āśritāḥ [teṣām] nāmadheyāni [me] [kathaya].
1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: O Saṃjaya, please recount the names of the rivers and mountains, and also of the regions (janapadas), and of all others who depend on the earth (bhūmi).
प्रमाणं च प्रमाणज्ञ पृथिव्या अपि सर्वशः ।
निखिलेन समाचक्ष्व काननानि च संजय ॥२॥
2. pramāṇaṁ ca pramāṇajña pṛthivyā api sarvaśaḥ ,
nikhilena samācakṣva kānanāni ca saṁjaya.
2. pramāṇam ca pramāṇajña pṛthivyāḥ api sarvaśaḥ
nikhilena samācakṣva kānanāni ca Sañjaya
2. pramāṇajña Sañjaya,
pṛthivyāḥ pramāṇam ca sarvaśaḥ api kānanāni ca nakhilena samācakṣva.
2. O Saṃjaya, who understands all measures, please fully describe the extent of the earth (pṛthivī) in every detail, and also the forests, completely.
संजय उवाच ।
पञ्चेमानि महाराज महाभूतानि संग्रहात् ।
जगत्स्थितानि सर्वाणि समान्याहुर्मनीषिणः ॥३॥
3. saṁjaya uvāca ,
pañcemāni mahārāja mahābhūtāni saṁgrahāt ,
jagatsthitāni sarvāṇi samānyāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ.
3. Sañjayaḥ uvāca pañca imāni mahārāja mahābhūtāni
saṅgrahāt jagat sthitāni sarvāṇi samāni āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ
3. Sañjayaḥ uvāca mahārāja,
manīṣiṇaḥ [ime] pañca imāni mahābhūtāni [yeṣu] jagat sarvāṇi sthitāni [te] saṅgrahāt samāni āhuḥ.
3. Saṃjaya said: O great king, the wise declare that these five great elements (mahābhūtāni), which are present throughout the world, are, in summary, all uniform.
भूमिरापस्तथा वायुरग्निराकाशमेव च ।
गुणोत्तराणि सर्वाणि तेषां भूमिः प्रधानतः ॥४॥
4. bhūmirāpastathā vāyuragnirākāśameva ca ,
guṇottarāṇi sarvāṇi teṣāṁ bhūmiḥ pradhānataḥ.
4. bhūmiḥ āpaḥ tathā vāyuḥ agniḥ ākāśam eva ca
guṇottarāṇi sarvāṇi teṣām bhūmiḥ pradhānataḥ
4. bhūmiḥ,
āpaḥ,
tathā vāyuḥ,
agniḥ,
ākāśam eva ca sarvāṇi guṇottarāṇi [bhavanti].
teṣām bhūmiḥ pradhānataḥ [asti].
4. Earth (bhūmi), water, air, fire, and also ether (ākāśa) – all these elements are characterized by successively increasing qualities. Among them, earth is the most prominent.
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धश्च पञ्चमः ।
भूमेरेते गुणाः प्रोक्ता ऋषिभिस्तत्त्ववेदिभिः ॥५॥
5. śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpaṁ ca raso gandhaśca pañcamaḥ ,
bhūmerete guṇāḥ proktā ṛṣibhistattvavedibhiḥ.
5. śabdaḥ sparśaḥ ca rūpam ca rasaḥ gandhaḥ ca pañcamaḥ
bhūmeḥ ete guṇāḥ proktāḥ ṛṣibhiḥ tattvavedibhiḥ
5. ṛṣibhiḥ tattvavedibhiḥ śabdaḥ ca sparśaḥ ca rūpam ca
rasaḥ ca pañcamaḥ gandhaḥ ete bhūmeḥ guṇāḥ proktāḥ
5. Sound, touch, sight (form), taste, and smell – these five are declared as the qualities (guṇa) of earth by the sages who understand the fundamental principles (tattva).
चत्वारोऽप्सु गुणा राजन्गन्धस्तत्र न विद्यते ।
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च तेजसोऽथ गुणास्त्रयः ।
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च वायोस्तु आकाशे शब्द एव च ॥६॥
6. catvāro'psu guṇā rājangandhastatra na vidyate ,
śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpaṁ ca tejaso'tha guṇāstrayaḥ ,
śabdaḥ sparśaśca vāyostu ākāśe śabda eva ca.
6. catvāraḥ apsu guṇāḥ rājan gandhaḥ tatra
na vidyate śabdaḥ sparśaḥ ca rūpam
ca tejasaḥ atha guṇāḥ trayaḥ śabdaḥ
sparśaḥ ca vāyoḥ tu ākāśe śabdaḥ eva ca
6. rājan apsu catvāraḥ guṇāḥ tatra gandhaḥ
na vidyate atha tejasaḥ śabdaḥ ca sparśaḥ
ca rūpam ca trayaḥ guṇāḥ tu vāyoḥ
śabdaḥ ca sparśaḥ ca ākāśe ca śabdaḥ eva
6. O King, there are four qualities (guṇa) in water (ap), but smell is not present there. Then, sound, touch, and sight (form) are the three qualities of fire (tejas). Sound and touch are the qualities of air (vāyu), and in space (ākāśa), there is only sound.
एते पञ्च गुणा राजन्महाभूतेषु पञ्चसु ।
वर्तन्ते सर्वलोकेषु येषु लोकाः प्रतिष्ठिताः ॥७॥
7. ete pañca guṇā rājanmahābhūteṣu pañcasu ,
vartante sarvalokeṣu yeṣu lokāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ.
7. ete pañca guṇāḥ rājan mahābhūteṣu pañcasu
vartante sarvalokeṣu yeṣu lokāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ
7. rājan ete pañca guṇāḥ pañcasu mahābhūteṣu
vartante yeṣu sarvalokeṣu lokāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ
7. O King, these five qualities (guṇa) are present in the five great elements (mahābhūta), and in all worlds (loka) where these worlds are established.
अन्योन्यं नाभिवर्तन्ते साम्यं भवति वै यदा ।
यदा तु विषमीभावमाविशन्ति परस्परम् ।
तदा देहैर्देहवन्तो व्यतिरोहन्ति नान्यथा ॥८॥
8. anyonyaṁ nābhivartante sāmyaṁ bhavati vai yadā ,
yadā tu viṣamībhāvamāviśanti parasparam ,
tadā dehairdehavanto vyatirohanti nānyathā.
8. anyonyam na abhivartante sāmyam
bhavati vai yadā yadā tu viṣamībhāvam
āviśanti parasparam tadā dehaiḥ
dehavantaḥ vyatirohanti na anyathā
8. yadā sāmyam vai bhavati (tadā te)
anyonyam na abhivartante tu yadā parasparam
viṣamībhāvam āviśanti tadā
dehavantaḥ dehaiḥ vyatirohanti na anyathā
8. They do not influence each other when there is balance (sāmya). However, when they mutually enter a state of imbalance (viṣamībhāva), then embodied beings (dehavant) propagate through bodies, and not otherwise.
आनुपूर्व्याद्विनश्यन्ति जायन्ते चानुपूर्वशः ।
सर्वाण्यपरिमेयानि तदेषां रूपमैश्वरम् ॥९॥
9. ānupūrvyādvinaśyanti jāyante cānupūrvaśaḥ ,
sarvāṇyaparimeyāni tadeṣāṁ rūpamaiśvaram.
9. ānupūrvyāt vinaśyanti jāyante ca anupūrvaśaḥ
sarvāṇi aparimeyāni tat eṣām rūpam aiśvaram
9. aparimeyāni sarvāṇi ānupūrvyāt vinaśyanti ca
anupūrvaśaḥ jāyante tat eṣām aiśvaram rūpam
9. All these immeasurable things are born and perish in a successive, orderly manner. That indeed is their divine form.
तत्र तत्र हि दृश्यन्ते धातवः पाञ्चभौतिकाः ।
तेषां मनुष्यास्तर्केण प्रमाणानि प्रचक्षते ॥१०॥
10. tatra tatra hi dṛśyante dhātavaḥ pāñcabhautikāḥ ,
teṣāṁ manuṣyāstarkeṇa pramāṇāni pracakṣate.
10. tatra tatra hi dṛśyante dhātavaḥ pāñcabhautikāḥ
teṣām manuṣyāḥ tarkeṇa pramāṇāni pracakṣate
10. hi tatra tatra pāñcabhautikāḥ dhātavaḥ dṛśyante
manuṣyāḥ teṣām pramāṇāni tarkeṇa pracakṣate
10. Indeed, the constituents (dhātavaḥ) composed of the five great elements are seen everywhere. Humans declare the proofs of these by means of reasoning.
अचिन्त्याः खलु ये भावा न तांस्तर्केण साधयेत् ।
प्रकृतिभ्यः परं यत्तु तदचिन्त्यस्य लक्षणम् ॥११॥
11. acintyāḥ khalu ye bhāvā na tāṁstarkeṇa sādhayet ,
prakṛtibhyaḥ paraṁ yattu tadacintyasya lakṣaṇam.
11. acintyāḥ khalu ye bhāvāḥ na tān tarkeṇa sādhayet
prakṛtibhyaḥ param yat tu tat acintyasya lakṣaṇam
11. khalu ye acintyāḥ bhāvāḥ tarkeṇa tān na sādhayet
tu yat prakṛtibhyaḥ param tat acintyasya lakṣaṇam
11. Indeed, those phenomena (bhāvāḥ) which are inconceivable should not be comprehended by reasoning. But that which is beyond the fundamental nature (prakṛti) is the true characteristic of the inconceivable.
सुदर्शनं प्रवक्ष्यामि द्वीपं ते कुरुनन्दन ।
परिमण्डलो महाराज द्वीपोऽसौ चक्रसंस्थितः ॥१२॥
12. sudarśanaṁ pravakṣyāmi dvīpaṁ te kurunandana ,
parimaṇḍalo mahārāja dvīpo'sau cakrasaṁsthitaḥ.
12. sudarśanam pravakṣyāmi dvīpam te kurunandana
parimaṇḍalaḥ mahārāja dvīpaḥ asau cakrasaṃsthitaḥ
12. kurunandana te sudarśanam dvīpam pravakṣyāmi
mahārāja asau dvīpaḥ parimaṇḍalaḥ cakrasaṃsthitaḥ
12. O delight of the Kurus, I will now describe to you the island (dvīpa) Sudarśana. O great king, this island is circular, shaped like a wheel.
नदीजलप्रतिच्छन्नः पर्वतैश्चाभ्रसंनिभैः ।
पुरैश्च विविधाकारै रम्यैर्जनपदैस्तथा ॥१३॥
13. nadījalapraticchannaḥ parvataiścābhrasaṁnibhaiḥ ,
puraiśca vividhākārai ramyairjanapadaistathā.
13. nadījalapratichannaḥ parvataiḥ ca abhrasaṃnibhaiḥ
puraiḥ ca vividhākāraiḥ ramyaiḥ janapadaiḥ tathā
13. nadījalapratichannaḥ abhrasaṃnibhaiḥ parvataiḥ ca
vividhākāraiḥ puraiḥ ca ramyaiḥ janapadaiḥ tathā
13. It is covered by river waters, by mountains resembling clouds, and by towns of diverse shapes, as well as by pleasant regions.
वृक्षैः पुष्पफलोपेतैः संपन्नधनधान्यवान् ।
लावणेन समुद्रेण समन्तात्परिवारितः ॥१४॥
14. vṛkṣaiḥ puṣpaphalopetaiḥ saṁpannadhanadhānyavān ,
lāvaṇena samudreṇa samantātparivāritaḥ.
14. vṛkṣaiḥ puṣpaphalopetaiḥ saṃpannadhanadhānyavān
lāvaṇena samudreṇa samantāt parivāritaḥ
14. saṃpannadhanadhānyavān puṣpaphalopetaiḥ
vṛkṣaiḥ lāvaṇena samudreṇa samantāt parivāritaḥ
14. It is rich in wealth and grains, with trees full of flowers and fruits, and is entirely surrounded by the salty ocean.
यथा च पुरुषः पश्येदादर्शे मुखमात्मनः ।
एवं सुदर्शनद्वीपो दृश्यते चन्द्रमण्डले ॥१५॥
15. yathā ca puruṣaḥ paśyedādarśe mukhamātmanaḥ ,
evaṁ sudarśanadvīpo dṛśyate candramaṇḍale.
15. yathā ca puruṣaḥ paśyet ādarśe mukham ātmanaḥ
evam sudarśanadvīpaḥ dṛśyate candramaṇḍale
15. puruṣaḥ ātmanaḥ mukham ādarśe yathā ca paśyet
evam sudarśanadvīpaḥ candramaṇḍale dṛśyate
15. Just as a person sees his own face in a mirror, so too, Sudarśana Island is seen in the disc of the moon.
द्विरंशे पिप्पलस्तत्र द्विरंशे च शशो महान् ।
सर्वौषधिसमावापैः सर्वतः परिबृंहितः ।
आपस्ततोऽन्या विज्ञेया एष संक्षेप उच्यते ॥१६॥
16. dviraṁśe pippalastatra dviraṁśe ca śaśo mahān ,
sarvauṣadhisamāvāpaiḥ sarvataḥ paribṛṁhitaḥ ,
āpastato'nyā vijñeyā eṣa saṁkṣepa ucyate.
16. dvi aṃśe pippalaḥ tatra dvi aṃśe ca
śaśaḥ mahān sarvauṣadhisamāvāpaiḥ
sarvataḥ paribṛṃhitaḥ āpaḥ tataḥ
anyā vijñeyāḥ eṣa saṃkṣepaḥ ucyate
16. tatra dvi aṃśe pippalaḥ dvi aṃśe ca
mahān śaśaḥ sarvataḥ sarvauṣadhisamāvāpaiḥ
paribṛṃhitaḥ tataḥ anyāḥ
āpaḥ vijñeyāḥ eṣaḥ saṃkṣepaḥ ucyate
16. There, on two parts (of the lunar disc), is the image of the sacred fig tree (pippala), and on two parts, the image of a great hare (śaśa). It (the island, or its image) is entirely enhanced on all sides by the scattering of all kinds of medicinal herbs. Other water sources are to be known from this description; this is declared as a summary.