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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-34

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भीष्म उवाच ।
ब्राह्मणानेव सततं भृशं संप्रतिपूजयेत् ।
एते हि सोमराजान ईश्वराः सुखदुःखयोः ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
brāhmaṇāneva satataṁ bhṛśaṁ saṁpratipūjayet ,
ete hi somarājāna īśvarāḥ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca brāhmaṇān eva satatam bhṛśam
saṃpratipūjayet ete hi somarājānaḥ īśvarāḥ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca satatam bhṛśam brāhmaṇān eva
saṃpratipūjayet hi ete somarājānaḥ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ īśvarāḥ
1. Bhishma said: One should always and greatly honor Brahmins. Indeed, they are kings among those who partake of Soma, and are masters over happiness and sorrow.
एते भोगैरलंकारैरन्यैश्चैव किमिच्छकैः ।
सदा पूज्या नमस्कार्या रक्ष्याश्च पितृवन्नृपैः ।
अतो राष्ट्रस्य शान्तिर्हि भूतानामिव वासवात् ॥२॥
2. ete bhogairalaṁkārairanyaiścaiva kimicchakaiḥ ,
sadā pūjyā namaskāryā rakṣyāśca pitṛvannṛpaiḥ ,
ato rāṣṭrasya śāntirhi bhūtānāmiva vāsavāt.
2. ete bhogaiḥ alaṅkāraiḥ anyaiḥ ca eva
kimicchakaiḥ sadā pūjyāḥ namaskāryāḥ
rakṣyāḥ ca pitṛvat nṛpaiḥ ataḥ
rāṣṭrasya śāntiḥ hi bhūtānām iva vāsavāt
2. nṛpaiḥ ete bhogaiḥ alaṅkāraiḥ anyaiḥ ca eva kimicchakaiḥ sadā pūjyāḥ namaskāryāḥ rakṣyāḥ ca pitṛvat (bhavanti).
ataḥ rāṣṭrasya śāntiḥ hi bhūtānām vāsavāt iva (bhavati).
2. These individuals, with their enjoyments, adornments, and indeed, whatever else they desire, should always be revered, saluted, and protected by kings as if they were fathers. For this reason, the peace of the nation certainly depends on them, just as the well-being of all creatures depends on Indra.
जायतां ब्रह्मवर्चस्वी राष्ट्रे वै ब्राह्मणः शुचिः ।
महारथश्च राजन्य एष्टव्यः शत्रुतापनः ॥३॥
3. jāyatāṁ brahmavarcasvī rāṣṭre vai brāhmaṇaḥ śuciḥ ,
mahārathaśca rājanya eṣṭavyaḥ śatrutāpanaḥ.
3. jāyatām brahmavarcasvī rāṣṭre vai brāhmaṇaḥ śuciḥ
mahārathaḥ ca rājanyaḥ eṣṭavyaḥ śatrutāpanaḥ
3. rāṣṭre vai brahmavarcasvī śuciḥ brāhmaṇaḥ jāyatām.
ca mahārathaḥ śatrutāpanaḥ rājanyaḥ eṣṭavyaḥ (syāt).
3. May a pure brahmin, endowed with spiritual luster (brahmavarcas), be born in this nation. And may a great warrior (mahāratha) among the kṣatriyas, a tormentor of enemies, be desired (to be born).
ब्राह्मणं जातिसंपन्नं धर्मज्ञं संशितव्रतम् ।
वासयेत गृहे राजन्न तस्मात्परमस्ति वै ॥४॥
4. brāhmaṇaṁ jātisaṁpannaṁ dharmajñaṁ saṁśitavratam ,
vāsayeta gṛhe rājanna tasmātparamasti vai.
4. brāhmaṇam jātisampannam dharmajñam saṃśitavratam
vāsayeta gṛhe rājan na tasmāt param asti vai
4. rājan,
jātisampannam dharmajñam saṃśitavratam brāhmaṇam gṛhe vāsayeta.
vai tasmāt param na asti.
4. O king, one should invite a brahmin who is of noble birth, who knows the natural law (dharma), and who has firm vows, to reside in one's house; for there is indeed nothing superior to that.
ब्राह्मणेभ्यो हविर्दत्तं प्रतिगृह्णन्ति देवताः ।
पितरः सर्वभूतानां नैतेभ्यो विद्यते परम् ॥५॥
5. brāhmaṇebhyo havirdattaṁ pratigṛhṇanti devatāḥ ,
pitaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ naitebhyo vidyate param.
5. brāhmaṇebhyaḥ haviḥ dattam pratigṛhṇanti devatāḥ
pitaraḥ sarvabhūtānām na etebhyaḥ vidyate param
5. devatāḥ pitaraḥ (ca) brāhmaṇebhyaḥ dattam haviḥ pratigṛhṇanti.
(te) sarvabhūtānām (pitaraḥ).
etebhyaḥ param na vidyate.
5. The deities and ancestors receive the oblations offered to brahmins. These brahmins are indeed like the fathers of all beings, and there is certainly nothing superior to them.
आदित्यश्चन्द्रमा वायुर्भूमिरापोऽम्बरं दिशः ।
सर्वे ब्राह्मणमाविश्य सदान्नमुपभुञ्जते ॥६॥
6. ādityaścandramā vāyurbhūmirāpo'mbaraṁ diśaḥ ,
sarve brāhmaṇamāviśya sadānnamupabhuñjate.
6. ādityaḥ candramāḥ vāyuḥ bhūmiḥ āpaḥ ambaram diśaḥ
sarve brāhmaṇam āviśya sadā annam upabhuñjate
6. The sun, moon, wind, earth, waters, sky, and directions - all of them, having entered into a brahmin, constantly consume food.
न तस्याश्नन्ति पितरो यस्य विप्रा न भुञ्जते ।
देवाश्चाप्यस्य नाश्नन्ति पापस्य ब्राह्मणद्विषः ॥७॥
7. na tasyāśnanti pitaro yasya viprā na bhuñjate ,
devāścāpyasya nāśnanti pāpasya brāhmaṇadviṣaḥ.
7. na tasya aśnanti pitaraḥ yasya viprāḥ na bhuñjate
devāḥ ca api asya na aśnanti pāpasya brāhmaṇadviṣaḥ
7. The ancestors (pitaraḥ) of one for whom brahmins do not eat (offerings) do not eat his offerings. The gods also do not eat the offerings of that sinful hater of brahmins.
ब्राह्मणेषु तु तुष्टेषु प्रीयन्ते पितरः सदा ।
तथैव देवता राजन्नात्र कार्या विचारणा ॥८॥
8. brāhmaṇeṣu tu tuṣṭeṣu prīyante pitaraḥ sadā ,
tathaiva devatā rājannātra kāryā vicāraṇā.
8. brāhmaṇeṣu tu tuṣṭeṣu prīyante pitaraḥ sadā
tathā eva devatā rājan na atra kāryā vicāraṇā
8. When brahmins are pleased, the ancestors (pitaraḥ) are always gratified. Similarly, O king, the deities (devatā) are pleased; there is no need for deliberation here.
तथैव तेऽपि प्रीयन्ते येषां भवति तद्धविः ।
न च प्रेत्य विनश्यन्ति गच्छन्ति परमां गतिम् ॥९॥
9. tathaiva te'pi prīyante yeṣāṁ bhavati taddhaviḥ ,
na ca pretya vinaśyanti gacchanti paramāṁ gatim.
9. tathā eva te api prīyante yeṣām bhavati tat haviḥ
na ca pretya vinaśyanti gacchanti paramām gatim
9. Similarly, those are also pleased whose offering (havis) it is. And after death, they do not perish; they attain the supreme goal (paramām gatim).
येन येनैव हविषा ब्राह्मणांस्तर्पयेन्नरः ।
तेन तेनैव प्रीयन्ते पितरो देवतास्तथा ॥१०॥
10. yena yenaiva haviṣā brāhmaṇāṁstarpayennaraḥ ,
tena tenaiva prīyante pitaro devatāstathā.
10. yena yena eva haviṣā brāhmaṇān tarpayet naraḥ
tena tena eva prīyante pitaraḥ devatāḥ tathā
10. naraḥ yena yena eva haviṣā brāhmaṇān tarpayet
tena tena eva pitaraḥ tathā devatāḥ prīyante
10. Whatever offering a person uses to satisfy the Brahmins, with that very offering the ancestors and deities are similarly pleased.
ब्राह्मणादेव तद्भूतं प्रभवन्ति यतः प्रजाः ।
यतश्चायं प्रभवति प्रेत्य यत्र च गच्छति ॥११॥
11. brāhmaṇādeva tadbhūtaṁ prabhavanti yataḥ prajāḥ ,
yataścāyaṁ prabhavati pretya yatra ca gacchati.
11. brāhmaṇāt eva tat bhūtam prabhavanti yataḥ prajāḥ
yataḥ ca ayam prabhavati pretya yatra ca gacchati
11. tat bhūtam brāhmaṇāt eva yataḥ ca prajāḥ prabhavanti
yataḥ ca ayam prabhavati pretya yatra ca gacchati
11. That existence is from a Brahmin alone, and from whom all beings arise. From whom this (world or individual) originates, and where it returns after death.
वेदैष मार्गं स्वर्गस्य तथैव नरकस्य च ।
आगतानागते चोभे ब्राह्मणो द्विपदां वरः ।
ब्राह्मणो भरतश्रेष्ठ स्वधर्मं वेद मेधया ॥१२॥
12. vedaiṣa mārgaṁ svargasya tathaiva narakasya ca ,
āgatānāgate cobhe brāhmaṇo dvipadāṁ varaḥ ,
brāhmaṇo bharataśreṣṭha svadharmaṁ veda medhayā.
12. veda eṣa mārgam svargasya tathā eva
narakasya ca āgata anāgate ca ubhe
brāhmaṇaḥ dvipadām varaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ
bharataśreṣṭha svadharmam veda medhayā
12. eṣa veda mārgam svargasya tathā eva
narakasya ca brāhmaṇaḥ āgata anāgate ca
ubhe brāhmaṇaḥ dvipadām varaḥ bharataśreṣṭha
brāhmaṇaḥ svadharmam medhayā veda
12. This Brahmin knows the path to heaven and similarly to hell. He knows both past and future, and a Brahmin is the best among two-footed beings. O best of Bharatas, a Brahmin knows his own intrinsic nature (svadharma) through wisdom.
ये चैनमनुवर्तन्ते ते न यान्ति पराभवम् ।
न ते प्रेत्य विनश्यन्ति गच्छन्ति न पराभवम् ॥१३॥
13. ye cainamanuvartante te na yānti parābhavam ,
na te pretya vinaśyanti gacchanti na parābhavam.
13. ye ca enam anuvartante te na yānti parābhavam
na te pretya vinaśyanti gacchanti na parābhavam
13. ye ca enam anuvartante te parābhavam na yānti te
pretya na vinaśyanti ca parābhavam na gacchanti
13. And those who follow him (the Brahmin) do not suffer defeat. They do not perish after death, nor do they meet with defeat.
ये ब्राह्मणमुखात्प्राप्तं प्रतिगृह्णन्ति वै वचः ।
कृतात्मानो महात्मानस्ते न यान्ति पराभवम् ॥१४॥
14. ye brāhmaṇamukhātprāptaṁ pratigṛhṇanti vai vacaḥ ,
kṛtātmāno mahātmānaste na yānti parābhavam.
14. ye brāhmaṇamukhāt prāptam pratigṛhṇanti vai vacaḥ
kṛtātmānaḥ mahātmānaḥ te na yānti parābhavam
14. ye kṛtātmānaḥ mahātmānaḥ brāhmaṇamukhāt prāptam
vacaḥ vai pratigṛhṇanti te parābhavam na yānti
14. Those great-souled individuals who have refined their inner self (ātman) and who accept the words received from a brahmin, they certainly do not experience defeat.
क्षत्रियाणां प्रतपतां तेजसा च बलेन च ।
ब्राह्मणेष्वेव शाम्यन्ति तेजांसि च बलानि च ॥१५॥
15. kṣatriyāṇāṁ pratapatāṁ tejasā ca balena ca ,
brāhmaṇeṣveva śāmyanti tejāṁsi ca balāni ca.
15. kṣatriyāṇām pratapatām tejasā ca balena ca
brāhmaṇeṣu eva śāmyanti tejāṃsi ca balāni ca
15. pratapatām kṣatriyāṇām tejasā ca balena ca
tejāṃsi ca balāni ca brāhmaṇeṣu eva śāmyanti
15. The powers and strengths of the formidable kshatriyas, who shine with their own fiery energy and might, ultimately subside only in brahmins.
भृगवोऽजयंस्तालजङ्घान्नीपानङ्गिरसोऽजयन् ।
भरद्वाजो वैतहव्यानैलांश्च भरतर्षभ ॥१६॥
16. bhṛgavo'jayaṁstālajaṅghānnīpānaṅgiraso'jayan ,
bharadvājo vaitahavyānailāṁśca bharatarṣabha.
16. bhṛgavaḥ ajayan tālajaṅghān nīpān aṅgirasaḥ ajayan
bharadvājaḥ vaitahavyān ailān ca bharatarṣabha
16. bharatarṣabha bhṛgavaḥ tālajaṅghān ajayan aṅgirasaḥ
nīpān ajayan bharadvājaḥ vaitahavyān ca ailān ca ajayan
16. O best of Bharatas, the Bhrigus conquered the Talajanghas, the Angirasas conquered the Nipas, and Bharadvaja conquered the Vitahavyas and the Ailas.
चित्रायुधांश्चाप्यजयन्नेते कृष्णाजिनध्वजाः ।
प्रक्षिप्याथ च कुम्भान्वै पारगामिनमारभेत् ॥१७॥
17. citrāyudhāṁścāpyajayannete kṛṣṇājinadhvajāḥ ,
prakṣipyātha ca kumbhānvai pāragāminamārabhet.
17. citrāyudhān ca api ajayan ete kṛṣṇājinadhvajāḥ
prakṣipya atha ca kumbhān vai pāragāminam ārabhet
17. ete kṛṣṇājinadhvajāḥ citrāyudhān ca api ajayan
atha ca kumbhān prakṣipya vai pāragāminam ārabhet
17. And these, marked by their black deerskin banners, also conquered those armed with various weapons. Then, having cast the pots, one should indeed begin the task of reaching the other side (completion).
यत्किंचित्कथ्यते लोके श्रूयते पश्यतेऽपि वा ।
सर्वं तद्ब्राह्मणेष्वेव गूढोऽग्निरिव दारुषु ॥१८॥
18. yatkiṁcitkathyate loke śrūyate paśyate'pi vā ,
sarvaṁ tadbrāhmaṇeṣveva gūḍho'gniriva dāruṣu.
18. yatkiṃcit kathyate loke śrūyate paśyate api vā
sarvam tat brāhmaṇeṣu eva gūḍhaḥ agniḥ iva dāruṣu
18. loke yatkiṃcit kathyate śrūyate vā api paśyate,
tat sarvam brāhmaṇeṣu eva dāruṣu gūḍhaḥ agniḥ iva
18. Everything that is spoken of, heard, or even seen in the world is indeed present within the brahmins, just as fire is hidden within wood.
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
संवादं वासुदेवस्य पृथ्व्याश्च भरतर्षभ ॥१९॥
19. atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
saṁvādaṁ vāsudevasya pṛthvyāśca bharatarṣabha.
19. atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
saṃvādam vāsudevasya pṛthvyāḥ ca bharatarṣabha
19. bharatarṣabha,
atra api imam purātanam itihāsam,
vāsudevasya ca pṛthvyāḥ saṃvādam udāharanti
19. O best among the Bharatas (bharatarṣabha), here they also relate this ancient narrative (itihāsa), the dialogue between Vāsudeva and the Earth (pṛthvī).
वासुदेव उवाच ।
मातरं सर्वभूतानां पृच्छे त्वा संशयं शुभे ।
केन स्वित्कर्मणा पापं व्यपोहति नरो गृही ॥२०॥
20. vāsudeva uvāca ,
mātaraṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ pṛcche tvā saṁśayaṁ śubhe ,
kena svitkarmaṇā pāpaṁ vyapohati naro gṛhī.
20. vāsudevaḥ uvāca mātaram sarvabhūtānām pṛcche tvā saṃśayam
śubhe kena svit karmaṇā pāpam vyapohati naraḥ gṛhī
20. vāsudevaḥ uvāca śubhe,
sarvabhūtānām mātaram tvā saṃśayam pṛcche gṛhī naraḥ kena svit karmaṇā pāpam vyapohati ?
20. Vāsudeva said: "O auspicious one (śubhe), mother of all beings, I ask you this question: By what action (karma) does a householder (gṛhī) dispel sin?"
पृथिव्युवाच ।
ब्राह्मणानेव सेवेत पवित्रं ह्येतदुत्तमम् ।
ब्राह्मणान्सेवमानस्य रजः सर्वं प्रणश्यति ॥२१॥
21. pṛthivyuvāca ,
brāhmaṇāneva seveta pavitraṁ hyetaduttamam ,
brāhmaṇānsevamānasya rajaḥ sarvaṁ praṇaśyati.
21. pṛthvī uvāca brāhmaṇān eva seveta pavitram hi etat
uttamam brāhmaṇān sevamānasya rajaḥ sarvam praṇaśyati
21. pṛthvī uvāca brāhmaṇān eva seveta,
hi etat pavitram uttamam brāhmaṇān sevamānasya sarvam rajaḥ praṇaśyati
21. The Earth (pṛthvī) said: "One should indeed serve only brahmins, for this is pure and supreme. For a person serving brahmins, all mental impurities (rajas) are destroyed."
अतो भूतिरतः कीर्तिरतो बुद्धिः प्रजायते ।
अपरेषां परेषां च परेभ्यश्चैव ये परे ॥२२॥
22. ato bhūtirataḥ kīrtirato buddhiḥ prajāyate ,
apareṣāṁ pareṣāṁ ca parebhyaścaiva ye pare.
22. ataḥ bhūtiḥ ataḥ kīrtiḥ ataḥ buddhiḥ prajāyate
apareṣām pareṣām ca parebhyaḥ ca eva ye pare
22. From this source arise prosperity, fame, and intellect. This holds true for ordinary people, for those who are superior, and even for those who are beyond superiors.
ब्राह्मणा यं प्रशंसन्ति पुरुषः स प्रवर्धते ।
अथ यो ब्राह्मणाक्रुष्टः पराभवति सोऽचिरात् ॥२३॥
23. brāhmaṇā yaṁ praśaṁsanti puruṣaḥ sa pravardhate ,
atha yo brāhmaṇākruṣṭaḥ parābhavati so'cirāt.
23. brāhmaṇāḥ yam praśaṃsanti puruṣaḥ saḥ pravardhate
atha yaḥ brāhmaṇākruṣṭaḥ parābhavati saḥ acirāt
23. The person whom the learned (brāhmaṇa) praise, he prospers. But he who is reviled by the learned (brāhmaṇa) quickly suffers decline.
यथा महार्णवे क्षिप्त आमलोष्टो विनश्यति ।
तथा दुश्चरितं कर्म पराभावाय कल्पते ॥२४॥
24. yathā mahārṇave kṣipta āmaloṣṭo vinaśyati ,
tathā duścaritaṁ karma parābhāvāya kalpate.
24. yathā mahārṇave kṣiptaḥ āmalopṭaḥ vinaśyati
tathā duścaritam karma parābhāvāya kalpate
24. Just as a lump of unbaked earth, when thrown into the great ocean, perishes, similarly, evil actions (karma) lead to ruin.
पश्य चन्द्रे कृतं लक्ष्म समुद्रे लवणोदकम् ।
तथा भगसहस्रेण महेन्द्रं परिचिह्नितम् ॥२५॥
25. paśya candre kṛtaṁ lakṣma samudre lavaṇodakam ,
tathā bhagasahasreṇa mahendraṁ paricihnitam.
25. paśya candre kṛtam lakṣma samudre lavaṇodakam
tathā bhagasahasreṇa mahendram paricihnitaṃ
25. Behold the mark placed on the moon, and the salty water in the ocean. Similarly, the great Indra is marked with a thousand vulvas.
तेषामेव प्रभावेन सहस्रनयनो ह्यसौ ।
शतक्रतुः समभवत्पश्य माधव यादृशम् ॥२६॥
26. teṣāmeva prabhāvena sahasranayano hyasau ,
śatakratuḥ samabhavatpaśya mādhava yādṛśam.
26. teṣām eva prabhāveṇa sahasranayanaḥ hi asau
śatakratuḥ samabhavat paśya mādhava yādṛśam
26. O Mādhava, behold how, by their very power, this thousand-eyed Indra, the performer of a hundred Vedic rituals, indeed came into being.
इच्छन्भूतिं च कीर्तिं च लोकांश्च मधुसूदन ।
ब्राह्मणानुमते तिष्ठेत्पुरुषः शुचिरात्मवान् ॥२७॥
27. icchanbhūtiṁ ca kīrtiṁ ca lokāṁśca madhusūdana ,
brāhmaṇānumate tiṣṭhetpuruṣaḥ śucirātmavān.
27. icchan bhūtim ca kīrtim ca lokān ca madhusūdana
brāhmaṇānumate tiṣṭhet puruṣaḥ śuciḥ ātmavān
27. O Madhusūdana, a person (puruṣa) desiring prosperity, fame, and (favorable) worlds should remain pure and self-controlled (ātmavān), acting according to the approval of brahmins.
इत्येतद्वचनं श्रुत्वा मेदिन्या मधुसूदनः ।
साधु साध्वित्यथेत्युक्त्वा मेदिनीं प्रत्यपूजयत् ॥२८॥
28. ityetadvacanaṁ śrutvā medinyā madhusūdanaḥ ,
sādhu sādhvityathetyuktvā medinīṁ pratyapūjayat.
28. iti etat vacanam śrutvā medinyāḥ madhusūdanaḥ sādhu
sādhu iti atha iti uktvā medinīm prati apūjayat
28. Madhusūdana, having heard this statement from the Earth (Medinī), then exclaimed, 'Excellent! Excellent!' and subsequently worshipped the Earth.
एतां श्रुत्वोपमां पार्थ प्रयतो ब्राह्मणर्षभान् ।
सततं पूजयेथास्त्वं ततः श्रेयोऽभिपत्स्यसे ॥२९॥
29. etāṁ śrutvopamāṁ pārtha prayato brāhmaṇarṣabhān ,
satataṁ pūjayethāstvaṁ tataḥ śreyo'bhipatsyase.
29. etām śrutvā upamām pārtha prayataḥ brāhmaṇarṣabhān
satatam pūjayethāḥ tvam tataḥ śreyaḥ abhipatsyase
29. O Pārtha, having heard this illustration, you, being diligent, should constantly honor the foremost among brahmins; thereafter, you will attain the supreme benefit.