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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-132

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उमोवाच ।
भगवन्सर्वभूतेश सुरासुरनमस्कृत ।
धर्माधर्मे नृणां देव ब्रूहि मे संशयं विभो ॥१॥
1. umovāca ,
bhagavansarvabhūteśa surāsuranamaskṛta ,
dharmādharme nṛṇāṁ deva brūhi me saṁśayaṁ vibho.
1. umā uvāca bhagavan sarvabhūteśa surāsuranamaskṛta
dharmādharme nṛṇām deva brūhi me saṃśayam vibho
1. umā uvāca bhagavan sarvabhūteśa surāsuranamaskṛta
deva vibho nṛṇām dharmādharme me saṃśayam brūhi
1. Uma said: "O Lord, master of all beings, revered by gods and demons, O God, O Almighty One, please clarify my doubt regarding the principles of right (dharma) and wrong for humans."
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा त्रिविधं हि नरः सदा ।
बध्यते बन्धनैः पाशैर्मुच्यतेऽप्यथ वा पुनः ॥२॥
2. karmaṇā manasā vācā trividhaṁ hi naraḥ sadā ,
badhyate bandhanaiḥ pāśairmucyate'pyatha vā punaḥ.
2. karmaṇā manasā vācā trividhaṃ hi naraḥ sadā badhyate
bandhanaiḥ pāśaiḥ mucyate api atha vā punaḥ
2. hi naraḥ sadā karmaṇā manasā vācā trividhaṃ
bandhanaiḥ pāśaiḥ badhyate atha vā api punaḥ mucyate
2. Indeed, a human being is always bound in three ways – by actions (karma), by mind, and by speech – with various bonds; or alternatively, is liberated again.
केन शीलेन वा देव कर्मणा कीदृशेन वा ।
समाचारैर्गुणैर्वाक्यैः स्वर्गं यान्तीह मानवाः ॥३॥
3. kena śīlena vā deva karmaṇā kīdṛśena vā ,
samācārairguṇairvākyaiḥ svargaṁ yāntīha mānavāḥ.
3. kena śīlena vā deva karmaṇā kīdṛśena vā samācāraiḥ
guṇaiḥ vākyaiḥ svargaṃ yānti iha mānavāḥ
3. deva iha mānavāḥ kena śīlena vā kīdṛśena karmaṇā
vā samācāraiḥ guṇaiḥ vākyaiḥ vā svargaṃ yānti
3. O God, by what kind of character, or by what sort of actions (karma), or by what practices, qualities, or words, do humans in this world attain heaven?
महेश्वर उवाच ।
देवि धर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञे सत्यनित्ये दमे रते ।
सर्वप्राणिहितः प्रश्नः श्रूयतां बुद्धिवर्धनः ॥४॥
4. maheśvara uvāca ,
devi dharmārthatattvajñe satyanitye dame rate ,
sarvaprāṇihitaḥ praśnaḥ śrūyatāṁ buddhivardhanaḥ.
4. maheśvara uvāca devi dharmārthatattvajñe satyanitye dame
rate sarvaprāṇihitaḥ praśnaḥ śrūyatām buddhivardhanaḥ
4. maheśvara uvāca devi dharmārthatattvajñe satyanitye dame
rate sarvaprāṇihitaḥ buddhivardhanaḥ praśnaḥ śrūyatām
4. Maheśvara said: "O Goddess, you who understand the essence of natural law (dharma) and purpose, who are ever dedicated to truth and delight in self-control; let this question, which is beneficial to all creatures and enhances wisdom, now be heard."
सत्यधर्मरताः सन्तः सर्वलिप्साविवर्जिताः ।
नाधर्मेण न धर्मेण बध्यन्ते छिन्नसंशयाः ॥५॥
5. satyadharmaratāḥ santaḥ sarvalipsāvivarjitāḥ ,
nādharmeṇa na dharmeṇa badhyante chinnasaṁśayāḥ.
5. satyadharmaratāḥ santaḥ sarvalipsāvivarjitāḥ na
adharmeṇa na dharmeṇa badhyante chinnasaṃśayāḥ
5. Virtuous beings who are devoted to truth and righteousness (dharma), completely free from all desires, and whose doubts are dispelled, are not bound by unrighteousness nor even by righteousness (dharma).
प्रलयोत्पत्तितत्त्वज्ञाः सर्वज्ञाः समदर्शिनः ।
वीतरागा विमुच्यन्ते पुरुषाः सर्वबन्धनैः ॥६॥
6. pralayotpattitattvajñāḥ sarvajñāḥ samadarśinaḥ ,
vītarāgā vimucyante puruṣāḥ sarvabandhanaiḥ.
6. pralayotpattitattvajñāḥ sarvajñāḥ samadarśinaḥ
vītarāgāḥ vimucyante puruṣāḥ sarvabandhanaiḥ
6. Persons (puruṣa) who understand the true nature of creation and dissolution, who are omniscient, impartial, and free from attachment, are liberated from all bonds.
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा ये न हिंसन्ति किंचन ।
ये न सज्जन्ति कस्मिंश्चिद्बध्यन्ते ते न कर्मभिः ॥७॥
7. karmaṇā manasā vācā ye na hiṁsanti kiṁcana ,
ye na sajjanti kasmiṁścidbadhyante te na karmabhiḥ.
7. karmaṇā manasā vācā ye na hiṃsanti kiṃcana ye
na sajjanti kasmiṃcit badhyante te na karmabhiḥ
7. Those who do not harm anything at all by deed (karma), mind, or word, and who do not cling to anything, are not bound by their actions (karma).
प्राणातिपाताद्विरताः शीलवन्तो दयान्विताः ।
तुल्यद्वेष्यप्रिया दान्ता मुच्यन्ते कर्मबन्धनैः ॥८॥
8. prāṇātipātādviratāḥ śīlavanto dayānvitāḥ ,
tulyadveṣyapriyā dāntā mucyante karmabandhanaiḥ.
8. prāṇātipātāt viratāḥ śīlavantaḥ dayānvitāḥ
tulyadveṣyapriyāḥ dāntāḥ mucyante karmabandhanaiḥ
8. Those who abstain from harming living beings, who possess good conduct, are endowed with compassion, treat enemies and friends equally, and are self-controlled, are liberated from the bonds of action (karma).
सर्वभूतदयावन्तो विश्वास्याः सर्वजन्तुषु ।
त्यक्तहिंसासमाचारास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥९॥
9. sarvabhūtadayāvanto viśvāsyāḥ sarvajantuṣu ,
tyaktahiṁsāsamācārāste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
9. sarvabhūtadayāvantaḥ viśvāsyāḥ sarvajantuṣu
tyaktahiṃsāsamācārāḥ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
9. ye narāḥ sarvabhūtadayāvantaḥ sarvajantuṣu
viśvāsyāḥ tyaktahiṃsāsamācārāḥ te svargagāminaḥ
9. Those who are compassionate towards all beings, trustworthy among all creatures, and whose conduct involves abandoning violence - those people go to heaven.
परस्वे निर्ममा नित्यं परदारविवर्जकाः ।
धर्मलब्धार्थभोक्तारस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१०॥
10. parasve nirmamā nityaṁ paradāravivarjakāḥ ,
dharmalabdhārthabhoktāraste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
10. parasve nirmamāḥ nityam paradāravivarjakāḥ
dharmalabdhārthabhoktāraḥ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
10. ye narāḥ nityam parasve nirmamāḥ paradāravivarjakāḥ
dharmalabdhārthabhoktāraḥ te svargagāminaḥ
10. Those who are always free from attachment to others' property, who avoid other men's wives, and who enjoy wealth obtained through righteous (dharma) means - those people go to heaven.
मातृवत्स्वसृवच्चैव नित्यं दुहितृवच्च ये ।
परदारेषु वर्तन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥११॥
11. mātṛvatsvasṛvaccaiva nityaṁ duhitṛvacca ye ,
paradāreṣu vartante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
11. mātṛvat svasṛvat ca eva nityam duhitṛvat ca
ye paradāreṣu vartante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
11. ye nityam mātṛvat svasṛvat ca eva duhitṛvat
ca paradāreṣu vartante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
11. And those who always treat other men's wives like a mother, a sister, or a daughter - those people go to heaven.
स्तैन्यान्निवृत्ताः सततं संतुष्टाः स्वधनेन च ।
स्वभाग्यान्युपजीवन्ति ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१२॥
12. stainyānnivṛttāḥ satataṁ saṁtuṣṭāḥ svadhanena ca ,
svabhāgyānyupajīvanti te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
12. stainyāt nivṛttāḥ satatam saṃtuṣṭāḥ svadhanena
ca svabhāgyāni upajīvanti te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
12. ye narāḥ satatam stainyāt nivṛttāḥ svadhanena ca
saṃtuṣṭāḥ svabhāgyāni upajīvanti te svargagāminaḥ
12. Those who always refrain from theft, are contented with their own wealth, and subsist on their own good fortune - those people go to heaven.
स्वदारनिरता ये च ऋतुकालाभिगामिनः ।
अग्राम्यसुखभोगाश्च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१३॥
13. svadāraniratā ye ca ṛtukālābhigāminaḥ ,
agrāmyasukhabhogāśca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
13. svadāraniratāḥ ye ca ṛtukālābhigāminaḥ
agrāmyasukhabhogāḥ ca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
13. ye narāḥ svadāraniratāḥ ca ṛtukālābhigāminaḥ
ca agrāmyasukhabhogāḥ te svargagāminaḥ
13. Those men who are devoted to their own wives, who approach them during the appropriate time for conception, and whose enjoyments are not common or coarse, they are the ones who attain heaven.
परदारेषु ये नित्यं चारित्रावृतलोचनाः ।
यतेन्द्रियाः शीलपरास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१४॥
14. paradāreṣu ye nityaṁ cāritrāvṛtalocanāḥ ,
yatendriyāḥ śīlaparāste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
14. paradāreṣu ye nityaṃ cāritrāvṛtalocanāḥ
yatendriyāḥ śīlaparāḥ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
14. ye narāḥ paradāreṣu nityaṃ cāritrāvṛtalocanāḥ
yatendriyāḥ śīlaparāḥ te svargagāminaḥ
14. Those men whose eyes are always veiled by good conduct when it comes to other men's wives, whose senses are disciplined, and who are supremely devoted to virtue, they are the ones who attain heaven.
एष देवकृतो मार्गः सेवितव्यः सदा नरैः ।
अकषायकृतश्चैव मार्गः सेव्यः सदा बुधैः ॥१५॥
15. eṣa devakṛto mārgaḥ sevitavyaḥ sadā naraiḥ ,
akaṣāyakṛtaścaiva mārgaḥ sevyaḥ sadā budhaiḥ.
15. eṣa devakṛtaḥ mārgaḥ sevitavyaḥ sadā naraiḥ
akaṣāyakṛtaḥ ca eva mārgaḥ sevyaḥ sadā budhaiḥ
15. eṣa devakṛtaḥ mārgaḥ naraiḥ sadā sevitavyaḥ ca
eva akaṣāyakṛtaḥ mārgaḥ budhaiḥ sadā sevyaḥ
15. This path, established by the deities, should always be followed by human beings. Moreover, the stainless (pure) path should always be pursued by the wise.
दानधर्मतपोयुक्तः शीलशौचदयात्मकः ।
वृत्त्यर्थं धर्महेतोर्वा सेवितव्यः सदा नरैः ।
स्वर्गवासमभीप्सद्भिर्न सेव्यस्त्वत उत्तरः ॥१६॥
16. dānadharmatapoyuktaḥ śīlaśaucadayātmakaḥ ,
vṛttyarthaṁ dharmahetorvā sevitavyaḥ sadā naraiḥ ,
svargavāsamabhīpsadbhirna sevyastvata uttaraḥ.
16. dānadharmatapoyuktaḥ śīlaśaucadayātmakaḥ
vṛttyarthaṃ dharmahetoḥ vā
sevitavyaḥ sadā naraiḥ svargavāsam
abhīpsadbhiḥ na sevyaḥ tu ataḥ uttaraḥ
16. dānadharmatapoyuktaḥ śīlaśaucadayātmakaḥ
naraiḥ vṛttyarthaṃ vā dharmahetoḥ
sadā sevitavyaḥ tu svargavāsam
abhīpsadbhiḥ ataḥ uttaraḥ na sevyaḥ
16. The path characterized by charity (dāna), natural law (dharma), and austerity (tapas), and whose essence is good conduct, purity, and compassion, should always be followed by people, either for securing a livelihood or for the sake of righteousness (dharma). However, those desiring dwelling in heaven should not follow any path other than this.
उमोवाच ।
वाचाथ बध्यते येन मुच्यतेऽप्यथ वा पुनः ।
तानि कर्माणि मे देव वद भूतपतेऽनघ ॥१७॥
17. umovāca ,
vācātha badhyate yena mucyate'pyatha vā punaḥ ,
tāni karmāṇi me deva vada bhūtapate'nagha.
17. umā uvāca | vācā atha badhyate yena mucyate api atha
vā punaḥ | tāni karmāṇi me deva vada bhūtapate anagha
17. umā uvāca anagha deva bhūtapate,
yena vācā badhyate api atha vā punaḥ mucyate,
tāni karmāṇi me vada
17. Umā said: "O sinless God, Lord of beings, please tell me those actions (karma) by which one becomes bound through speech, and also those by which one is again released."
महेश्वर उवाच ।
आत्महेतोः परार्थे वा नर्महास्याश्रयात्तथा ।
ये मृषा न वदन्तीह ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१८॥
18. maheśvara uvāca ,
ātmahetoḥ parārthe vā narmahāsyāśrayāttathā ,
ye mṛṣā na vadantīha te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
18. maheśvara uvāca | ātmahetoḥ parārthe vā narmahāsyāśrayāt
tathā | ye mṛṣā na vadanti iha te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
18. maheśvara uvāca ye narāḥ iha ātmahetoḥ vā parārthe vā tathā narmahāsyāśrayāt mṛṣā na vadanti,
te svargagāminaḥ
18. Maheśvara said: "Those individuals who, in this world, do not speak untruthfully - whether for their own benefit (ātman), for the sake of others, or even in jest and humor - those people go to heaven."
वृत्त्यर्थं धर्महेतोर्वा कामकारात्तथैव च ।
अनृतं ये न भाषन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥१९॥
19. vṛttyarthaṁ dharmahetorvā kāmakārāttathaiva ca ,
anṛtaṁ ye na bhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
19. vṛttyartham dharmahetoḥ vā kāmakārāt tathā eva ca
| anṛtam ye na bhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
19. ye narāḥ vṛttyartham vā dharmahetoḥ vā kāmakārāt tathā eva ca anṛtam na bhāṣante,
te svargagāminaḥ
19. Those people who do not speak untruth - whether for their livelihood, for the sake of their natural law (dharma), or simply out of personal desire - those people go to heaven.
श्लक्ष्णां वाणीं निराबाधां मधुरां पापवर्जिताम् ।
स्वागतेनाभिभाषन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥२०॥
20. ślakṣṇāṁ vāṇīṁ nirābādhāṁ madhurāṁ pāpavarjitām ,
svāgatenābhibhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
20. ślakṣṇām vāṇīm nirābādhām madhurām pāpavarjitām
| svāgatena abhibhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
20. ye narāḥ ślakṣṇām nirābādhām madhurām pāpavarjitām vāṇīm svāgatena abhibhāṣante,
te svargagāminaḥ
20. Those individuals who speak gentle, harmless, sweet, and sinless words, addressing others with a welcoming tone, those people go to heaven.
कटुकां ये न भाषन्ते परुषां निष्ठुरां गिरम् ।
अपैशुन्यरताः सन्तस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥२१॥
21. kaṭukāṁ ye na bhāṣante paruṣāṁ niṣṭhurāṁ giram ,
apaiśunyaratāḥ santaste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
21. kaṭukām ye na bhāṣante paruṣām niṣṭhurām giram
apaiśunyarataḥ santaḥ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
21. ye santaḥ narāḥ kaṭukām paruṣām niṣṭhurām giram
na bhāṣante apaiśunyarataḥ te svargagāminaḥ
21. Those virtuous people who do not speak bitter, harsh, or cruel words, and who are committed to not slandering others, such individuals attain heaven.
पिशुनां ये न भाषन्ते मित्रभेदकरीं गिरम् ।
ऋतां मैत्रीं प्रभाषन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥२२॥
22. piśunāṁ ye na bhāṣante mitrabhedakarīṁ giram ,
ṛtāṁ maitrīṁ prabhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
22. piśunām ye na bhāṣante mitrabhedakarīm giram
ṛtām maitrīm prabhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
22. ye piśunām mitrabhedakarīm giram na bhāṣante
ṛtām maitrīm prabhāṣante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
22. Those who do not speak malicious words that cause discord among friends, but rather utter truthful and benevolent speech, such individuals attain heaven.
वर्जयन्ति सदा सूच्यं परद्रोहं च मानवाः ।
सर्वभूतसमा दान्तास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥२३॥
23. varjayanti sadā sūcyaṁ paradrohaṁ ca mānavāḥ ,
sarvabhūtasamā dāntāste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
23. varjayanti sadā sūcyam paradroham ca mānavāḥ
sarvabhūtasamāḥ dāntāḥ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
23. mānavāḥ sadā sūcyam ca paradroham varjayanti
sarvabhūtasamāḥ dāntāḥ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
23. Those human beings who always avoid malicious gossip and harming others, who treat all creatures equally and are self-controlled, such individuals attain heaven.
शठप्रलापाद्विरता विरुद्धपरिवर्जकाः ।
सौम्यप्रलापिनो नित्यं ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥२४॥
24. śaṭhapralāpādviratā viruddhaparivarjakāḥ ,
saumyapralāpino nityaṁ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
24. śaṭhapralāpāt viratāḥ viruddhaparivarjakāḥ
saumyepralāpinaḥ nityam te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
24. ye (narāḥ) śaṭhapralāpāt viratāḥ viruddhaparivarjakāḥ
(ca santi) nityam saumyepralāpinaḥ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
24. Those who desist from deceitful talk and avoid contentious or contradictory speech, and who always speak gentle words, such individuals attain heaven.
न कोपाद्व्याहरन्ते ये वाचं हृदयदारणीम् ।
सान्त्वं वदन्ति क्रुद्धापि ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥२५॥
25. na kopādvyāharante ye vācaṁ hṛdayadāraṇīm ,
sāntvaṁ vadanti kruddhāpi te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
25. na kopāt vyāharante ye vācam hṛdayadāraṇīm
sāntvam vadanti kruddhā api te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
25. ye narāḥ kruddhā api hṛdayadāraṇīm vācam kopāt
na vyāharante sāntvam vadanti te svargagāminaḥ
25. Those people who, even when angry, do not utter words that tear the heart but instead speak soothing words, they are the ones who go to heaven.
एष वाणीकृतो देवि धर्मः सेव्यः सदा नरैः ।
शुभः सत्यगुणो नित्यं वर्जनीया मृषा बुधैः ॥२६॥
26. eṣa vāṇīkṛto devi dharmaḥ sevyaḥ sadā naraiḥ ,
śubhaḥ satyaguṇo nityaṁ varjanīyā mṛṣā budhaiḥ.
26. eṣa vāṇīkṛtaḥ devi dharmaḥ sevyaḥ sadā naraiḥ
śubhaḥ satyaguṇaḥ nityam varjanīyā mṛṣā budhaiḥ
26. devi eṣa vāṇīkṛtaḥ dharmaḥ naraiḥ sadā sevyaḥ
śubhaḥ satyaguṇaḥ nityam mṛṣā budhaiḥ varjanīyā
26. O Goddess, this natural law (dharma) which manifests as speech, ought always to be followed by people. The auspicious quality of truth should always be upheld, while falsehood should be avoided by the wise.
उमोवाच ।
मनसा बध्यते येन कर्मणा पुरुषः सदा ।
तन्मे ब्रूहि महाभाग देवदेव पिनाकधृक् ॥२७॥
27. umovāca ,
manasā badhyate yena karmaṇā puruṣaḥ sadā ,
tanme brūhi mahābhāga devadeva pinākadhṛk.
27. umā uvāca manasā badhyate yena karmaṇā puruṣaḥ
sadā tat me brūhi mahābhāga devadeva pinākadhṛk
27. umā uvāca mahābhāga devadeva pinākadhṛk yena
karmaṇā puruṣaḥ manasā sadā badhyate tat me brūhi
27. Umā said: O great blessed one, O God of gods, wielder of the Pināka bow, please tell me by which action a cosmic person (puruṣa) is always bound by the mind.
महेश्वर उवाच ।
मानसेनेह धर्मेण संयुक्ताः पुरुषाः सदा ।
स्वर्गं गच्छन्ति कल्याणि तन्मे कीर्तयतः शृणु ॥२८॥
28. maheśvara uvāca ,
mānaseneha dharmeṇa saṁyuktāḥ puruṣāḥ sadā ,
svargaṁ gacchanti kalyāṇi tanme kīrtayataḥ śṛṇu.
28. maheśvaraḥ uvāca mānasena iha dharmeṇa saṃyuktāḥ puruṣāḥ
sadā svargam gacchanti kalyāṇi tat me kīrtayataḥ śṛṇu
28. maheśvaraḥ uvāca kalyāṇi iha mānasena dharmeṇa sadā
saṃyuktāḥ puruṣāḥ svargam gacchanti tat me kīrtayataḥ śṛṇu
28. Maheśvara said: O blessed one, listen to me as I explain that people (puruṣa) who are always endowed with mental natural law (dharma) here, go to heaven.
दुष्प्रणीतेन मनसा दुष्प्रणीततराकृतिः ।
बध्यते मानवो येन शृणु चान्यच्छुभानने ॥२९॥
29. duṣpraṇītena manasā duṣpraṇītatarākṛtiḥ ,
badhyate mānavo yena śṛṇu cānyacchubhānane.
29. duṣpraṇītena manasā duṣpraṇītataraākṛtiḥ
badhyate mānavaḥ yena śṛṇu ca anyat śubhānanane
29. O beautiful-faced one, a human being (mānavaḥ) whose disposition (ākṛti) is even more misguided is bound by an ill-directed mind. And listen to another point.
अरण्ये विजने न्यस्तं परस्वं वीक्ष्य ये नराः ।
मनसापि न हिंसन्ति ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥३०॥
30. araṇye vijane nyastaṁ parasvaṁ vīkṣya ye narāḥ ,
manasāpi na hiṁsanti te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
30. araṇye vijane nyastam parasvam vīkṣya ye narāḥ
manasā api na hiṃsanti te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
30. Those individuals (narāḥ) who, upon seeing another's property left in a desolate forest, do not covet it even mentally, those individuals are destined for heaven (svarga).
ग्रामे गृहे वा यद्द्रव्यं पारक्यं विजने स्थितम् ।
नाभिनन्दन्ति वै नित्यं ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥३१॥
31. grāme gṛhe vā yaddravyaṁ pārakyaṁ vijane sthitam ,
nābhinandanti vai nityaṁ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
31. grāme gṛhe vā yat dravyam pārakyam vijane sthitam
na abhinandanti vai nityam te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
31. Those individuals (narāḥ) who truly never covet another's property (dravya) found in a solitary place, whether in a village or a house, those individuals are destined for heaven (svarga).
तथैव परदारान्ये कामवृत्तान्रहोगतान् ।
मनसापि न हिंसन्ति ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥३२॥
32. tathaiva paradārānye kāmavṛttānrahogatān ,
manasāpi na hiṁsanti te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
32. tathā eva paradārān ye kāmavṛttān rahogatān
manasā api na hiṃsanti te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
32. Similarly, those who do not mentally covet the wives of others (paradārān), even when they are engaged in lustful acts and are in a secluded place, those individuals (narāḥ) are destined for heaven (svarga).
शत्रुं मित्रं च ये नित्यं तुल्येन मनसा नराः ।
भजन्ति मैत्राः संगम्य ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥३३॥
33. śatruṁ mitraṁ ca ye nityaṁ tulyena manasā narāḥ ,
bhajanti maitrāḥ saṁgamya te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
33. śatrum mitram ca ye nityam tulyena manasā narāḥ
bhajanti maitrāḥ saṅgamya te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
33. ye narāḥ nityam śatrum ca mitram ca tulyena manasā bhajanti,
maitrāḥ saṅgamya,
te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
33. Those people who are perpetually friendly, treating both foe and friend with an equal mind, and who associate (with others) benevolently, those individuals indeed attain heaven.
श्रुतवन्तो दयावन्तः शुचयः सत्यसंगराः ।
स्वैरर्थैः परिसंतुष्टास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥३४॥
34. śrutavanto dayāvantaḥ śucayaḥ satyasaṁgarāḥ ,
svairarthaiḥ parisaṁtuṣṭāste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
34. śrutavantaḥ dayāvantaḥ śucayaḥ satyasaṅgarāḥ
svaiḥ arthaiḥ parisaṃtuṣṭāḥ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
34. ye narāḥ śrutavantaḥ dayāvantaḥ śucayaḥ satyasaṅgarāḥ,
svaiḥ arthaiḥ parisaṃtuṣṭāḥ (santi),
te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
34. Those who are learned, compassionate, pure, resolute in their commitment to truth, and entirely content with their own resources, those people attain heaven.
अवैरा ये त्वनायासा मैत्रचित्तपराः सदा ।
सर्वभूतदयावन्तस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥३५॥
35. avairā ye tvanāyāsā maitracittaparāḥ sadā ,
sarvabhūtadayāvantaste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
35. avairāḥ ye tu anāyāsāḥ maitracittaparāḥ sadā
sarvabhūtadayāvantaḥ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
35. ye tu anāyāsāḥ avairāḥ sadā maitracittaparāḥ sarvabhūtadayāvantah (santi),
te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
35. Those who are without animosity, free from strenuous effort, always intent on a friendly disposition, and compassionate towards all beings, those individuals attain heaven.
श्रद्धावन्तो दयावन्तश्चोक्षाश्चोक्षजनप्रियाः ।
धर्माधर्मविदो नित्यं ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥३६॥
36. śraddhāvanto dayāvantaścokṣāścokṣajanapriyāḥ ,
dharmādharmavido nityaṁ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
36. śraddhāvantaḥ dayāvantaḥ cokṣāḥ cokṣajanapriyāḥ
dharmādharmavidaḥ nityam te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
36. ye narāḥ nityam śraddhāvantaḥ dayāvantaḥ cokṣāḥ cokṣajanapriyāḥ dharmādharmavidaḥ (santi),
te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
36. Those who are endowed with faith (śraddhā), compassionate, pure, beloved by virtuous people, and who perpetually understand the distinction between proper conduct (dharma) and improper conduct (adharma), those individuals attain heaven.
शुभानामशुभानां च कर्मणां फलसंचये ।
विपाकज्ञाश्च ये देवि ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥३७॥
37. śubhānāmaśubhānāṁ ca karmaṇāṁ phalasaṁcaye ,
vipākajñāśca ye devi te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
37. śubhānām aśubhānām ca karmaṇām phala-saṃcaye
vipāka-jñāḥ ca ye devi te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
37. devi ye śubhānām aśubhānām ca karmaṇām
phala-saṃcaye vipāka-jñāḥ ca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
37. O goddess, those individuals who comprehend the consequences of both auspicious and inauspicious actions (karma) are the ones who journey to heaven.
न्यायोपेता गुणोपेता देवद्विजपराः सदा ।
समतां समनुप्राप्तास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः ॥३८॥
38. nyāyopetā guṇopetā devadvijaparāḥ sadā ,
samatāṁ samanuprāptāste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ.
38. nyāya-upetāḥ guṇa-upetāḥ deva-dvija-parāḥ sadā
samatām samanuprāptāḥ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
38. nyāya-upetāḥ guṇa-upetāḥ sadā deva-dvija-parāḥ
samatām samanuprāptāḥ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ
38. Those who are imbued with justice, possess virtues, are always devoted to the gods and the twice-born (brāhmaṇas), and have attained equanimity, those individuals journey to heaven.
शुभैः कर्मफलैर्देवि मयैते परिकीर्तिताः ।
स्वर्गमार्गोपगा भूयः किमन्यच्छ्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥३९॥
39. śubhaiḥ karmaphalairdevi mayaite parikīrtitāḥ ,
svargamārgopagā bhūyaḥ kimanyacchrotumicchasi.
39. śubhaiḥ karma-phalaiḥ devi mayā ete parikīrtitāḥ
svarga-mārga-upagāḥ bhūyaḥ kim anyat śrotum icchasi
39. devi mayā śubhaiḥ karma-phalaiḥ svarga-mārga-upagāḥ
ete parikīrtitāḥ bhūyaḥ anyat kim śrotum icchasi
39. O goddess, these individuals, who are headed towards the heavenly path, have been described by me through their auspicious fruits of action (karma). What more do you wish to hear?
उमोवाच ।
महान्मे संशयः कश्चिन्मर्त्यान्प्रति महेश्वर ।
तस्मात्तं नैपुणेनाद्य ममाख्यातुं त्वमर्हसि ॥४०॥
40. umovāca ,
mahānme saṁśayaḥ kaścinmartyānprati maheśvara ,
tasmāttaṁ naipuṇenādya mamākhyātuṁ tvamarhasi.
40. umā uvāca mahān me saṃśayaḥ kaścit martyān prati maheśvara
tasmāt tam naipuṇena adya mama ākhyātum tvam arhasi
40. umā uvāca maheśvara martyān prati me kaścit mahān saṃśayaḥ
tasmāt tvam adya naipuṇena tam mama ākhyātum arhasi
40. Umā said: 'O great Lord (Maheśvara), I have a considerable doubt regarding mortals. Therefore, you should skillfully explain that matter to me now.'
केनायुर्लभते दीर्घं कर्मणा पुरुषः प्रभो ।
तपसा वापि देवेश केनायुर्लभते महत् ॥४१॥
41. kenāyurlabhate dīrghaṁ karmaṇā puruṣaḥ prabho ,
tapasā vāpi deveśa kenāyurlabhate mahat.
41. kena āyuḥ labhate dīrgham karmaṇā puruṣaḥ prabho
tapasā vā api deveśa kena āyuḥ labhate mahat
41. prabho deveśa puruṣaḥ kena karmaṇā dīrgham āyuḥ
labhate vā api kena tapasā mahat āyuḥ labhate
41. By what action (karma), O Lord, does a person obtain a long life? Or by what austerity (tapas), O Lord of gods, does one obtain a great life?
क्षीणायुः केन भवति कर्मणा भुवि मानवः ।
विपाकं कर्मणां देव वक्तुमर्हस्यनिन्दित ॥४२॥
42. kṣīṇāyuḥ kena bhavati karmaṇā bhuvi mānavaḥ ,
vipākaṁ karmaṇāṁ deva vaktumarhasyanindita.
42. kṣīṇāyuḥ kena bhavati karmaṇā bhuvi mānavaḥ
vipākam karmaṇām deva vaktum arhasi anindita
42. deva anindita mānavaḥ bhuvi kena karmaṇā
kṣīṇāyuḥ bhavati karmaṇām vipākam vaktum arhasi
42. By what action (karma) does a human's life become diminished on earth? O blameless deity, you should explain the consequences (vipāka) of actions (karma).
अपरे च महाभोगा मन्दभोगास्तथापरे ।
अकुलीनास्तथा चान्ये कुलीनाश्च तथापरे ॥४३॥
43. apare ca mahābhogā mandabhogāstathāpare ,
akulīnāstathā cānye kulīnāśca tathāpare.
43. apare ca mahābhogāḥ mandabhogāḥ tathā apare
akulīnāḥ tathā ca anye kulīnāḥ ca tathā apare
43. ca apare mahābhogāḥ tathā apare mandabhogāḥ
ca anye tathā akulīnāḥ ca tathā apare kulīnāḥ
43. And some have great enjoyments, while others have few enjoyments. Similarly, others are of low birth, and still others are of high birth.
दुर्दर्शाः केचिदाभान्ति नराः काष्ठमया इव ।
प्रियदर्शास्तथा चान्ये दर्शनादेव मानवाः ॥४४॥
44. durdarśāḥ kecidābhānti narāḥ kāṣṭhamayā iva ,
priyadarśāstathā cānye darśanādeva mānavāḥ.
44. durdarśāḥ kecit ābhānti narāḥ kāṣṭhamayāḥ iva
priyadarśāḥ tathā ca anye darśanāt eva mānavāḥ
44. kecit narāḥ durdarśāḥ kāṣṭhamayāḥ iva ābhānti
ca anye mānavāḥ tathā darśanāt eva priyadarśāḥ
44. Some people appear unpleasant, like wooden figures. And similarly, others are delightful to behold just by their appearance.
दुष्प्रज्ञाः केचिदाभान्ति केचिदाभान्ति पण्डिताः ।
महाप्रज्ञास्तथैवान्ये ज्ञानविज्ञानदर्शिनः ॥४५॥
45. duṣprajñāḥ kecidābhānti kecidābhānti paṇḍitāḥ ,
mahāprajñāstathaivānye jñānavijñānadarśinaḥ.
45. duṣprajñāḥ kecit ābhānti kecit ābhānti paṇḍitāḥ
mahāprajñāḥ tathā eva anye jñānavijñānadarśinaḥ
45. kecit duṣprajñāḥ ābhānti kecit paṇḍitāḥ ābhānti
tathā eva anye mahāprajñāḥ jñānavijñānadarśinaḥ
45. Some people appear foolish, while others appear wise. Similarly, there are others who are greatly intelligent, perceiving both theoretical knowledge (jñāna) and practical understanding (vijñāna).
अल्पाबाधास्तथा केचिन्महाबाधास्तथापरे ।
दृश्यन्ते पुरुषा देव तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि ॥४६॥
46. alpābādhāstathā kecinmahābādhāstathāpare ,
dṛśyante puruṣā deva tanme śaṁsitumarhasi.
46. alpābādhāḥ tathā kecit mahābādhāḥ tathā apare
dṛśyante puruṣāḥ deva tat me śaṃsitum arhasi
46. deva kecit puruṣāḥ alpābādhāḥ dṛśyante tathā
apare mahābādhāḥ dṛśyante tat me śaṃsitum arhasi
46. O divine one (deva), some people are seen to have few troubles, while others likewise have many troubles. You should explain this to me.
महेश्वर उवाच ।
हन्त तेऽहं प्रवक्ष्यामि देवि कर्मफलोदयम् ।
मर्त्यलोके नराः सर्वे येन स्वं भुञ्जते फलम् ॥४७॥
47. maheśvara uvāca ,
hanta te'haṁ pravakṣyāmi devi karmaphalodayam ,
martyaloke narāḥ sarve yena svaṁ bhuñjate phalam.
47. maheśvaraḥ uvāca hanta te aham pravakṣyāmi devi karmaphalodayam
martyaloke narāḥ sarve yena svam bhuñjate phalam
47. maheśvaraḥ uvāca devi hanta aham te karmaphalodayam
pravakṣyāmi yena sarve narāḥ martyaloke svam phalam bhuñjate
47. Maheśvara said: "Indeed, O Goddess, I will explain to you the manifestation of the fruits of action (karma), by which all people in the mortal realm experience their own consequences."
प्राणातिपाती यो रौद्रो दण्डहस्तोद्यतस्तथा ।
नित्यमुद्यतदण्डश्च हन्ति भूतगणान्नरः ॥४८॥
48. prāṇātipātī yo raudro daṇḍahastodyatastathā ,
nityamudyatadaṇḍaśca hanti bhūtagaṇānnaraḥ.
48. prāṇātipātī yaḥ raudraḥ daṇḍahastodyataḥ tathā
nityam udyatadaṇḍaḥ ca hanti bhūtagaṇān naraḥ
48. yaḥ naraḥ prāṇātipātī raudraḥ daṇḍahastodyataḥ
tathā nityam udyatadaṇḍaḥ ca (saḥ) bhūtagaṇān hanti
48. The man who is a fierce killer of living beings, always ready with a weapon in hand, constantly holding a raised staff, kills hosts of creatures.
निर्दयः सर्वभूतानां नित्यमुद्वेगकारकः ।
अपि कीटपिपीलानामशरण्यः सुनिर्घृणः ॥४९॥
49. nirdayaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ nityamudvegakārakaḥ ,
api kīṭapipīlānāmaśaraṇyaḥ sunirghṛṇaḥ.
49. nirdayaḥ sarva-bhūtānām nityam udvega-kārakaḥ
api kīṭa-pipīlānām aśaraṇyaḥ sunirghṛṇaḥ
49. nirdayaḥ sarva-bhūtānām nityam udvega-kārakaḥ
api kīṭa-pipīlānām aśaraṇyaḥ sunirghṛṇaḥ
49. He is merciless towards all beings, constantly causing distress. Even to insects and ants, he offers no refuge, being extremely cruel.
एवंभूतो नरो देवि निरयं प्रतिपद्यते ।
विपरीतस्तु धर्मात्मा रूपवानभिजायते ॥५०॥
50. evaṁbhūto naro devi nirayaṁ pratipadyate ,
viparītastu dharmātmā rūpavānabhijāyate.
50. evam-bhūtaḥ naraḥ devi nirayam pratipadyate
viparītaḥ tu dharmātman rūpa-vān abhi-jāyate
50. devi,
evam-bhūtaḥ naraḥ nirayam pratipadyate.
tu viparītaḥ dharmātman rūpa-vān abhi-jāyate.
50. O Goddess, such a man attains hell (niraya). But, one who is the opposite - a virtuous (dharmātman) person - is born handsome.
निरयं याति हिंसात्मा याति स्वर्गमहिंसकः ।
यातनां निरये रौद्रां स कृच्छ्रां लभते नरः ॥५१॥
51. nirayaṁ yāti hiṁsātmā yāti svargamahiṁsakaḥ ,
yātanāṁ niraye raudrāṁ sa kṛcchrāṁ labhate naraḥ.
51. nirayam yāti hiṃsātman yāti svargam ahiṃsakaḥ
yātanām niraye raudrām sa kṛcchrām labhate naraḥ
51. hiṃsātman nirayam yāti.
ahiṃsakaḥ svargam yāti.
sa naraḥ niraye raudrām kṛcchrām yātanām labhate.
51. A violent (hiṃsātman) person goes to hell (niraya), while a non-violent (ahiṃsaka) person goes to heaven. Such a man endures terrible and difficult torment in hell.
अथ चेन्निरयात्तस्मात्समुत्तरति कर्हिचित् ।
मानुष्यं लभते चापि हीनायुस्तत्र जायते ॥५२॥
52. atha cennirayāttasmātsamuttarati karhicit ,
mānuṣyaṁ labhate cāpi hīnāyustatra jāyate.
52. atha cet nirayāt tasmāt samuttarati karhicit
mānuṣyam labhate ca api hīna-āyuḥ tatra jāyate
52. atha cet karhicit tasmāt nirayāt samuttarati,
mānuṣyam labhate ca api.
tatra hīna-āyuḥ jāyate.
52. Now, if he somehow escapes from that hell (niraya), he also attains human birth. Yet, there he is born with a short lifespan.
पापेन कर्मणा देवि बद्धो हिंसारतिर्नरः ।
अप्रियः सर्वभूतानां हीनायुरुपजायते ॥५३॥
53. pāpena karmaṇā devi baddho hiṁsāratirnaraḥ ,
apriyaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ hīnāyurupajāyate.
53. pāpena karmaṇā devi baddhaḥ hiṃsāratiḥ naraḥ
apriyaḥ sarvabhūtānām hīnāyuḥ upajāyate
53. devi pāpena karmaṇā baddhaḥ hiṃsāratiḥ naraḥ
sarvabhūtānām apriyaḥ hīnāyuḥ upajāyate
53. O Goddess, a person delighting in violence, bound by evil actions (karma), becomes disliked by all beings and comes to have a shortened life.
यस्तु शुक्लाभिजातीयः प्राणिघातविवर्जकः ।
निक्षिप्तदण्डो निर्दण्डो न हिनस्ति कदाचन ॥५४॥
54. yastu śuklābhijātīyaḥ prāṇighātavivarjakaḥ ,
nikṣiptadaṇḍo nirdaṇḍo na hinasti kadācana.
54. yaḥ tu śuklābhijātīyaḥ prāṇighātavivarjakaḥ
nikṣiptadaṇḍaḥ nirdaṇḍaḥ na hinasti kadācana
54. tu yaḥ śuklābhijātīyaḥ prāṇighātavivarjakaḥ
nikṣiptadaṇḍaḥ nirdaṇḍaḥ kadācana na hinasti
54. However, a person of noble birth who refrains from harming living beings, who has laid down the rod of punishment and is therefore free from wielding force, never causes injury.
न घातयति नो हन्ति घ्नन्तं नैवानुमोदते ।
सर्वभूतेषु सस्नेहो यथात्मनि तथापरे ॥५५॥
55. na ghātayati no hanti ghnantaṁ naivānumodate ,
sarvabhūteṣu sasneho yathātmani tathāpare.
55. na ghātayati na u hanti ghnantam na eva anumodate
sarvabhūteṣu sasnehaḥ yathā ātmani tathā apare
55. saḥ na ghātayati na u hanti na eva ghnantam anumodate
sarvabhūteṣu sasnehaḥ yathā ātmani tathā apare
55. He does not cause others to kill, nor does he kill himself, nor does he approve of one who is killing. He holds affection for all beings, treating others as he treats his own self (ātman).
ईदृशः पुरुषोत्कर्षो देवि देवत्वमश्नुते ।
उपपन्नान्सुखान्भोगानुपाश्नाति मुदा युतः ॥५६॥
56. īdṛśaḥ puruṣotkarṣo devi devatvamaśnute ,
upapannānsukhānbhogānupāśnāti mudā yutaḥ.
56. īdṛśaḥ puruṣotkarṣaḥ devi devatvam aśnute
upapannān sukhān bhogān upāśnāti mudā yutaḥ
56. devi īdṛśaḥ puruṣotkarṣaḥ devatvam aśnute
mudā yutaḥ upapannān sukhān bhogān upāśnāti
56. O Goddess, a person of such excellence attains divinity. Endowed with joy, he partakes of fitting and pleasant enjoyments.
अथ चेन्मानुषे लोके कदाचिदुपपद्यते ।
तत्र दीर्घायुरुत्पन्नः स नरः सुखमेधते ॥५७॥
57. atha cenmānuṣe loke kadācidupapadyate ,
tatra dīrghāyurutpannaḥ sa naraḥ sukhamedhate.
57. atha cet mānuṣe loke kadācit upapadyate tatra
dīrghāyuḥ utpannaḥ saḥ naraḥ sukham edhate
57. atha cet kadācit mānuṣe loke upapadyate tatra
saḥ dīrghāyuḥ utpannaḥ naraḥ sukham edhate
57. If, then, one is born into the human world, that individual, endowed with a long life, thrives happily.
एवं दीर्घायुषां मार्गः सुवृत्तानां सुकर्मणाम् ।
प्राणिहिंसाविमोक्षेण ब्रह्मणा समुदीरितः ॥५८॥
58. evaṁ dīrghāyuṣāṁ mārgaḥ suvṛttānāṁ sukarmaṇām ,
prāṇihiṁsāvimokṣeṇa brahmaṇā samudīritaḥ.
58. evam dīrghāyuṣām mārgaḥ suvṛttānām sukarmaṇām
prāṇihiṃsāvimokṣeṇa brahmaṇā samudīritaḥ
58. evam mārgaḥ dīrghāyuṣām suvṛttānām sukarmaṇām
prāṇihiṃsāvimokṣeṇa brahmaṇā samudīritaḥ
58. Thus, this is the path to a long life for individuals of good conduct and virtuous actions, a path proclaimed by Brahma through the complete avoidance of harming living beings.