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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-184

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मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
अत्रैव च सरस्वत्या गीतं परपुरंजय ।
पृष्टया मुनिना वीर शृणु तार्क्ष्येण धीमता ॥१॥
1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
atraiva ca sarasvatyā gītaṁ parapuraṁjaya ,
pṛṣṭayā muninā vīra śṛṇu tārkṣyeṇa dhīmatā.
1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca atra eva ca sarasvatyā gītam
parapuraṃjaya pṛṣṭayā muninā vīra śṛṇu tārkṣyeṇa dhīmatā
1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: 'O conqueror of foes, O hero, listen! Right here, a song was sung by Sarasvatī, who was questioned by the wise sage Tārkṣya.'
तार्क्ष्य उवाच ।
किं नु श्रेयः पुरुषस्येह भद्रे कथं कुर्वन्न च्यवते स्वधर्मात् ।
आचक्ष्व मे चारुसर्वाङ्गि सर्वं त्वयानुशिष्टो न च्यवेयं स्वधर्मात् ॥२॥
2. tārkṣya uvāca ,
kiṁ nu śreyaḥ puruṣasyeha bhadre; kathaṁ kurvanna cyavate svadharmāt ,
ācakṣva me cārusarvāṅgi sarvaṁ; tvayānuśiṣṭo na cyaveyaṁ svadharmāt.
2. tārkṣyaḥ uvāca kim nu śreyaḥ puruṣasya
iha bhadre katham kurvan na cyavate
svadharmāt ācakṣva me cārusarvāṅgi sarvam
tvayā anuśiṣṭaḥ na cyaveyam svadharmāt
2. Tārkṣya said: 'O auspicious one with beautiful limbs, what indeed is truly beneficial for a person in this world? How should one act so that one does not deviate from one's own intrinsic nature (svadharma)? Tell me everything, so that, being instructed by you, I may not deviate from my own intrinsic nature (svadharma).'
कथं चाग्निं जुहुयां पूजये वा कस्मिन्काले केन धर्मो न नश्येत् ।
एतत्सर्वं सुभगे प्रब्रवीहि यथा लोकान्विरजाः संचरेयम् ॥३॥
3. kathaṁ cāgniṁ juhuyāṁ pūjaye vā; kasminkāle kena dharmo na naśyet ,
etatsarvaṁ subhage prabravīhi; yathā lokānvirajāḥ saṁcareyam.
3. katham ca agnim juhuyām pūjaye vā
kasmin kāle kena dharmaḥ na
naśyet etat sarvam subhage prabravīhi
yathā lokān virajāḥ saṃcareyam
3. And how should I offer oblations to the fire or perform worship? At what time and by what means should my intrinsic nature (dharma) not be destroyed? O blessed one, tell me all this, so that I may move through the worlds without blemish.
मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
एवं पृष्टा प्रीतियुक्तेन तेन शुश्रूषुमीक्ष्योत्तमबुद्धियुक्तम् ।
तार्क्ष्यं विप्रं धर्मयुक्तं हितं च सरस्वती वाक्यमिदं बभाषे ॥४॥
4. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
evaṁ pṛṣṭā prītiyuktena tena; śuśrūṣumīkṣyottamabuddhiyuktam ,
tārkṣyaṁ vipraṁ dharmayuktaṁ hitaṁ ca; sarasvatī vākyamidaṁ babhāṣe.
4. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca | evam pṛṣṭā prītiyuktena
tena śuśrūṣum īkṣya uttama-buddhi-yuktam
| tārkṣyam vipram dharma-yuktam
hitam ca sarasvatī vākyam idam babhāṣe
4. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Thus, when questioned by him who was filled with affection, and observing the brahmin Tārkṣya, who was eager to listen, possessed of excellent intellect, endowed with righteousness (dharma), and benevolent, Sarasvatī uttered these words.
सरस्वत्युवाच ।
यो ब्रह्म जानाति यथाप्रदेशं स्वाध्यायनित्यः शुचिरप्रमत्तः ।
स वै पुरो देवपुरस्य गन्ता सहामरैः प्राप्नुयात्प्रीतियोगम् ॥५॥
5. sarasvatyuvāca ,
yo brahma jānāti yathāpradeśaṁ; svādhyāyanityaḥ śucirapramattaḥ ,
sa vai puro devapurasya gantā; sahāmaraiḥ prāpnuyātprītiyogam.
5. sarasvatī uvāca | yaḥ brahma jānāti
yathāpradeśam svādhyāya-nityaḥ śuciḥ
apramattaḥ | sa vai puraḥ deva-purasya
gantā saha amaraiḥ prāpnuyāt prīti-yogam
5. Sarasvatī said: That person who knows the ultimate reality (brahman) as instructed, who is constantly engaged in self-study, pure, and vigilant, he indeed will proceed to the city of the gods and achieve a state of joyful union (yoga) with the immortals.
तत्र स्म रम्या विपुला विशोकाः सुपुष्पिताः पुष्करिण्यः सुपुण्याः ।
अकर्दमा मीनवत्यः सुतीर्था हिरण्मयैरावृताः पुण्डरीकैः ॥६॥
6. tatra sma ramyā vipulā viśokāḥ; supuṣpitāḥ puṣkariṇyaḥ supuṇyāḥ ,
akardamā mīnavatyaḥ sutīrthā; hiraṇmayairāvṛtāḥ puṇḍarīkaiḥ.
6. tatra sma ramyāḥ vipulāḥ viśokāḥ
supuṣpitāḥ puṣkariṇyaḥ supuṇyāḥ
| akardamāḥ mīnavatyaḥ sutīrthāḥ
hiraṇmayaiḥ āvṛtāḥ puṇḍarīkaiḥ
6. There, beautiful, vast, sorrowless, and abundantly flowered lotus ponds, which are extremely sacred, free from mud, teeming with fish, and possess excellent bathing places, are surrounded by golden white lotuses.
तासां तीरेष्वासते पुण्यकर्मा महीयमानः पृथगप्सरोभिः ।
सुपुण्यगन्धाभिरलंकृताभिर्हिरण्यवर्णाभिरतीव हृष्टः ॥७॥
7. tāsāṁ tīreṣvāsate puṇyakarmā; mahīyamānaḥ pṛthagapsarobhiḥ ,
supuṇyagandhābhiralaṁkṛtābhi;rhiraṇyavarṇābhiratīva hṛṣṭaḥ.
7. tāsām tīreṣu āsate puṇya-karmā
mahīyamānaḥ pṛthak apsarobhiḥ |
supuṇya-gandhābhiḥ alaṃkṛtābhiḥ
hiraṇya-varṇābhiḥ atīva hṛṣṭaḥ
7. On their banks, a person of meritorious deeds (karma) sits, being honored separately by Apsarās who are adorned, possess very sacred fragrances, and have golden complexions; he is exceedingly joyful.
परं लोकं गोप्रदास्त्वाप्नुवन्ति दत्त्वानड्वाहं सूर्यलोकं व्रजन्ति ।
वासो दत्त्वा चन्द्रमसः स लोकं दत्त्वा हिरण्यममृतत्वमेति ॥८॥
8. paraṁ lokaṁ gopradāstvāpnuvanti; dattvānaḍvāhaṁ sūryalokaṁ vrajanti ,
vāso dattvā candramasaḥ sa lokaṁ; dattvā hiraṇyamamṛtatvameti.
8. param lokam gopradāḥ tu āpnuvanti
dattvā anaḍvāham sūryalokam vrajanti
vāsaḥ dattvā candramasaḥ saḥ
lokam dattvā hiraṇyam amṛtatvam eti
8. Those who donate cows (dāna) certainly attain the supreme realm. By donating a bull, they go to the world of the sun. By donating clothes (dāna), one attains the world of the moon, and by donating gold (dāna), one achieves immortality.
धेनुं दत्त्वा सुव्रतां साधुदोहां कल्याणवत्सामपलायिनीं च ।
यावन्ति रोमाणि भवन्ति तस्यास्तावद्वर्षाण्यश्नुते स्वर्गलोकम् ॥९॥
9. dhenuṁ dattvā suvratāṁ sādhudohāṁ; kalyāṇavatsāmapalāyinīṁ ca ,
yāvanti romāṇi bhavanti tasyā;stāvadvarṣāṇyaśnute svargalokam.
9. dhenum dattvā suvratām sādhudohām
kalyāṇavatsām apalāyinīm ca
yāvanti romāṇi bhavanti tasyāḥ
tāvat varṣāṇi aśnute svargalokam
9. By donating (dāna) a well-behaved cow, one that is easy to milk, has an auspicious calf, and does not run away, one obtains the heavenly realm for as many years as there are hairs on that cow.
अनड्वाहं सुव्रतं यो ददाति हलस्य वोढारमनन्तवीर्यम् ।
धुरंधरं बलवन्तं युवानं प्राप्नोति लोकान्दश धेनुदस्य ॥१०॥
10. anaḍvāhaṁ suvrataṁ yo dadāti; halasya voḍhāramanantavīryam ,
dhuraṁdharaṁ balavantaṁ yuvānaṁ; prāpnoti lokāndaśa dhenudasya.
10. anaḍvāham suvratam yaḥ dadāti
halasya voḍhāram anantavīryam
dhurandharam balavantam yuvānam
prāpnoti lokān daśa dhenudasya
10. The one who donates (dāna) a well-behaved bull - a carrier of the plow, possessing infinite strength, capable of bearing burdens, powerful, and young - attains ten worlds, equivalent to those obtained by a cow-giver.
यः सप्त वर्षाणि जुहोति तार्क्ष्य हव्यं त्वग्नौ सुव्रतः साधुशीलः ।
सप्तावरान्सप्त पूर्वान्पुनाति पितामहानात्मनः कर्मभिः स्वैः ॥११॥
11. yaḥ sapta varṣāṇi juhoti tārkṣya; havyaṁ tvagnau suvrataḥ sādhuśīlaḥ ,
saptāvarānsapta pūrvānpunāti; pitāmahānātmanaḥ karmabhiḥ svaiḥ.
11. yaḥ sapta varṣāṇi juhoti tārkṣyam
havyam tu agnau suvrataḥ sādhuśīlaḥ
sapta avarān sapta pūrvān punāti
pitāmahān ātmanaḥ karmabhiḥ svaiḥ
11. The disciplined and virtuous person who offers oblations (yajña) to Tārkṣya into the fire for seven years purifies seven generations of his ancestors below and seven generations above him through his own deeds (karma).
तार्क्ष्य उवाच ।
किमग्निहोत्रस्य व्रतं पुराणमाचक्ष्व मे पृच्छतश्चारुरूपे ।
त्वयानुशिष्टोऽहमिहाद्य विद्यां यदग्निहोत्रस्य व्रतं पुराणम् ॥१२॥
12. tārkṣya uvāca ,
kimagnihotrasya vrataṁ purāṇa;mācakṣva me pṛcchataścārurūpe ,
tvayānuśiṣṭo'hamihādya vidyāṁ; yadagnihotrasya vrataṁ purāṇam.
12. Tārkṣya uvāca kim agnihotrasya vratam
purāṇam ācakṣva me pṛcchataḥ cārurūpe
tvayā anuśiṣṭaḥ aham iha adya
vidyām yat agnihotrasya vratam purāṇam
12. Tarkṣya said, "O beautiful one, please explain to me, who is asking, what the ancient vow (vrata) of the agnihotra is. Instructed by you, I will now understand here this ancient vow (vrata) of the agnihotra."
सरस्वत्युवाच ।
न चाशुचिर्नाप्यनिर्णिक्तपाणिर्नाब्रह्मविज्जुहुयान्नाविपश्चित् ।
बुभुक्षवः शुचिकामा हि देवा नाश्रद्दधानाद्धि हविर्जुषन्ति ॥१३॥
13. sarasvatyuvāca ,
na cāśucirnāpyanirṇiktapāṇi;rnābrahmavijjuhuyānnāvipaścit ,
bubhukṣavaḥ śucikāmā hi devā; nāśraddadhānāddhi havirjuṣanti.
13. Sarasvatī uvāca na ca aśuciḥ na api
anirṇiktapāṇiḥ na abrahma_vit juhuyāt
na avipaścit bubhukṣavaḥ śucikāmā hi
devāḥ na aśraddadhānāt hi haviḥ juṣanti
13. Sarasvatī said, "One who is impure, or one with unwashed hands, or one who does not know the ultimate reality (brahman), or one who is unwise, should not offer oblations. Indeed, the gods are hungry and desire purity; they do not partake of offerings from one who lacks faith (śraddhā)."
नाश्रोत्रियं देवहव्ये नियुञ्ज्यान्मोघं परा सिञ्चति तादृशो हि ।
अपूर्णमश्रोत्रियमाह तार्क्ष्य न वै तादृग्जुहुयादग्निहोत्रम् ॥१४॥
14. nāśrotriyaṁ devahavye niyuñjyā;nmoghaṁ parā siñcati tādṛśo hi ,
apūrṇamaśrotriyamāha tārkṣya; na vai tādṛgjuhuyādagnihotram.
14. na aśrotriyam devahavye niyuñjyāt
mogham parā siñcati tādṛśaḥ
hi apūrṇam aśrotriyam āha Tārkṣya
na vai tādṛk juhuyāt agnihotram
14. "One should not engage a non-Vedic scholar (aśrotriya) for divine offerings, for such a person merely pours uselessly. Tarkṣya declares that a non-Vedic scholar (aśrotriya) is incomplete (apūrṇa); indeed, such a person should not offer the agnihotra."
कृशानुं ये जुह्वति श्रद्दधानाः सत्यव्रता हुतशिष्टाशिनश्च ।
गवां लोकं प्राप्य ते पुण्यगन्धं पश्यन्ति देवं परमं चापि सत्यम् ॥१५॥
15. kṛśānuṁ ye juhvati śraddadhānāḥ; satyavratā hutaśiṣṭāśinaśca ,
gavāṁ lokaṁ prāpya te puṇyagandhaṁ; paśyanti devaṁ paramaṁ cāpi satyam.
15. kṛśānum ye juhvati śraddadhānāḥ
satyavratāḥ hutaśiṣṭāśinaḥ ca gavām
lokam prāpya te puṇyagandham
paśyanti devam paramam ca api satyam
15. Those who offer oblations to fire (kṛśānu) with faith (śraddhā), who are truthful in their vows (vrata), and who eat the remnants of the offerings – they, having reached the world of cows, behold the supreme, divine, and true being.
तार्क्ष्य उवाच ।
क्षेत्रज्ञभूतां परलोकभावे कर्मोदये बुद्धिमतिप्रविष्टाम् ।
प्रज्ञां च देवीं सुभगे विमृश्य पृच्छामि त्वां का ह्यसि चारुरूपे ॥१६॥
16. tārkṣya uvāca ,
kṣetrajñabhūtāṁ paralokabhāve; karmodaye buddhimatipraviṣṭām ,
prajñāṁ ca devīṁ subhage vimṛśya; pṛcchāmi tvāṁ kā hyasi cārurūpe.
16. Tārkṣyaḥ uvāca kṣetrajñabhūtām
paralokabhāve karma udaye buddhimatipraviṣṭām
prajñām ca devīm subhage
vimṛśya pṛcchāmi tvām kā hi asi cārurūpe
16. Tārkṣya said: "O beautiful one, O graceful one, having reflected upon you - who have become the knower of the field (kṣetrajña), entered into the intellect (buddhi) concerning the state of the afterlife (paraloka) and the manifestation of action (karma), and are also the divine wisdom (prajñā) - I ask you, who indeed are you?"
सरस्वत्युवाच ।
अग्निहोत्रादहमभ्यागतास्मि विप्रर्षभाणां संशयच्छेदनाय ।
त्वत्संयोगादहमेतदब्रुवं भावे स्थिता तथ्यमर्थं यथावत् ॥१७॥
17. sarasvatyuvāca ,
agnihotrādahamabhyāgatāsmi; viprarṣabhāṇāṁ saṁśayacchedanāya ,
tvatsaṁyogādahametadabruvaṁ; bhāve sthitā tathyamarthaṁ yathāvat.
17. Sarasvatī uvāca Agnihotrāt aham
abhyāgatā asmi viprarṣabhāṇām saṃśayacchedanāya
tvatsaṃyogāt aham etat abruvam
bhāve sthitā tathyam artham yathāvat
17. Sarasvatī said: "I have come from the Agnihotra (fire ritual) to dispel the doubts of the eminent sages. Because of my connection with you, I have spoken this truth (tathyam artham) appropriately, remaining in my essential nature (bhāva)."
तार्क्ष्य उवाच ।
न हि त्वया सदृशी काचिदस्ति विभ्राजसे ह्यतिमात्रं यथा श्रीः ।
रूपं च ते दिव्यमत्यन्तकान्तं प्रज्ञां च देवीं सुभगे बिभर्षि ॥१८॥
18. tārkṣya uvāca ,
na hi tvayā sadṛśī kācidasti; vibhrājase hyatimātraṁ yathā śrīḥ ,
rūpaṁ ca te divyamatyantakāntaṁ; prajñāṁ ca devīṁ subhage bibharṣi.
18. Tārkṣyaḥ uvāca na hi tvayā sadṛśī
kācit asti vibhrājase hi atimātram yathā
śrīḥ rūpam ca te divyam atyantakāntam
prajñām ca devīm subhage bibharṣi
18. Tārkṣya said: "Indeed, there is no one like you, for you shine exceptionally, just like Śrī (goddess of prosperity and beauty). O beautiful one, your form is divine and exceedingly charming, and you possess divine wisdom (prajñā)."
सरस्वत्युवाच ।
श्रेष्ठानि यानि द्विपदां वरिष्ठ यज्ञेषु विद्वन्नुपपादयन्ति ।
तैरेवाहं संप्रवृद्धा भवामि आप्यायिता रूपवती च विप्र ॥१९॥
19. sarasvatyuvāca ,
śreṣṭhāni yāni dvipadāṁ variṣṭha; yajñeṣu vidvannupapādayanti ,
tairevāhaṁ saṁpravṛddhā bhavāmi; āpyāyitā rūpavatī ca vipra.
19. Sarasvatī uvāca śreṣṭhāni yāni
dvipadām variṣṭha yajñeṣu vidvan
upapādayanti taiḥ eva aham sampravṛddhā
bhavāmi āpyāyitā rūpavatī ca vipra
19. Sarasvatī said: "O chief among bipeds, O learned one, O Brahmin, I am greatly nourished and become beautiful by those excellent (offerings) which people perform in the Vedic rituals (yajña)."
यच्चापि द्रव्यमुपयुज्यते ह वानस्पत्यमायसं पार्थिवं वा ।
दिव्येन रूपेण च प्रज्ञया च तेनैव सिद्धिरिति विद्धि विद्वन् ॥२०॥
20. yaccāpi dravyamupayujyate ha; vānaspatyamāyasaṁ pārthivaṁ vā ,
divyena rūpeṇa ca prajñayā ca; tenaiva siddhiriti viddhi vidvan.
20. yat ca api dravyam upayujyate ha
vānaspatyam āyasam pārthivam vā
divyena rūpeṇa ca prajñayā ca
tena eva siddhiḥ iti viddhi vidvan
20. O learned one, know this: whatever material is indeed utilized – be it plant-based, metallic, or earthly – perfection (siddhi) is attained precisely through a divine form and wisdom (prajñā).
तार्क्ष्य उवाच ।
इदं श्रेयः परमं मन्यमाना व्यायच्छन्ते मुनयः संप्रतीताः ।
आचक्ष्व मे तं परमं विशोकं मोक्षं परं यं प्रविशन्ति धीराः ॥२१॥
21. tārkṣya uvāca ,
idaṁ śreyaḥ paramaṁ manyamānā; vyāyacchante munayaḥ saṁpratītāḥ ,
ācakṣva me taṁ paramaṁ viśokaṁ; mokṣaṁ paraṁ yaṁ praviśanti dhīrāḥ.
21. tārkṣyaḥ uvāca idam śreyaḥ paramam
manyamānāḥ vyāyacchante munayaḥ
sampratītāḥ ācakṣva me tam paramam viśokam
mokṣam param yam praviśanti dhīrāḥ
21. Tārkṣya said: "The sages, considering this to be the supreme good, strive (for it). Please describe to me that supreme, sorrowless liberation (mokṣa), that ultimate state which the steadfast wise ones attain."
सरस्वत्युवाच ।
तं वै परं वेदविदः प्रपन्नाः परं परेभ्यः प्रथितं पुराणम् ।
स्वाध्यायदानव्रतपुण्ययोगैस्तपोधना वीतशोका विमुक्ताः ॥२२॥
22. sarasvatyuvāca ,
taṁ vai paraṁ vedavidaḥ prapannāḥ; paraṁ parebhyaḥ prathitaṁ purāṇam ,
svādhyāyadānavratapuṇyayogai;stapodhanā vītaśokā vimuktāḥ.
22. sarasvatī uvāca tam vai param vedavidaḥ
prapannāḥ param parebhyaḥ
prathitam purāṇam svādhyāyadānavratapuṇyayogaiḥ
tapodhanāḥ vītaśokāḥ vimuktāḥ
22. Sarasvati said: "Indeed, that supreme, eternal (purāṇa) entity, renowned as the highest even among other exalted beings, is attained by the knowers of the Vedas. Those whose wealth is austerity (tapas), having become free from sorrow, are liberated through their commitment to self-study (svādhyāya), charity (dāna), vows, and meritorious spiritual practices (yoga)."
तस्याथ मध्ये वेतसः पुण्यगन्धः सहस्रशाखो विमलो विभाति ।
तस्य मूलात्सरितः प्रस्रवन्ति मधूदकप्रस्रवणा रमण्यः ॥२३॥
23. tasyātha madhye vetasaḥ puṇyagandhaḥ; sahasraśākho vimalo vibhāti ,
tasya mūlātsaritaḥ prasravanti; madhūdakaprasravaṇā ramaṇyaḥ.
23. tasya atha madhye vetasaḥ puṇyagandhaḥ
sahasraśākhaḥ vimalaḥ
vibhāti tasya mūlāt saritaḥ prasravanti
madhūdaka prasravaṇāḥ ramaṇyaḥ
23. Then, in the center of it, a willow tree (vetasa), pure, fragrant, and with a thousand branches, shines brightly. From its root, beautiful rivers emerge, flowing with honey and water.
शाखां शाखां महानद्यः संयान्ति सिकतासमाः ।
धानापूपा मांसशाकाः सदा पायसकर्दमाः ॥२४॥
24. śākhāṁ śākhāṁ mahānadyaḥ saṁyānti sikatāsamāḥ ,
dhānāpūpā māṁsaśākāḥ sadā pāyasakardamāḥ.
24. śākhām śākhām mahānadyaḥ saṃyānti sikatāsamāḥ
dhānāpūpāḥ māṃsaśākāḥ sadā pāyasakardamāḥ
24. Great rivers flow into each branch, resembling sands. Cakes of fried grains, meat, and vegetables are always present, forming mires of milk-rice.
यस्मिन्नग्निमुखा देवाः सेन्द्राः सह मरुद्गणैः ।
ईजिरे क्रतुभिः श्रेष्ठैस्तत्पदं परमं मुने ॥२५॥
25. yasminnagnimukhā devāḥ sendrāḥ saha marudgaṇaiḥ ,
ījire kratubhiḥ śreṣṭhaistatpadaṁ paramaṁ mune.
25. yasmin agnimukhāḥ devāḥ sendrāḥ saha marudgaṇaiḥ
ījire kratubhiḥ śreṣṭhaiḥ tat padam paramam mune
25. O sage (muni), that is the supreme abode (pada) in which the gods (deva), with Agni as their chief, along with Indra and the hosts of Maruts, performed excellent sacrifices.