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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-93

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
द्विजातयो व्रतोपेता हविस्ते यदि भुञ्जते ।
अन्नं ब्राह्मणकामाय कथमेतत्पितामह ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dvijātayo vratopetā haviste yadi bhuñjate ,
annaṁ brāhmaṇakāmāya kathametatpitāmaha.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca dvijātayaḥ vrata-upetāḥ haviḥ te yadi
bhuñjate annam brāhmaṇa-kāmāya katham etat pitāmaha
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O Grandfather, if the twice-born, who are committed to vows, consume the oblation meant for you, then how can that food be considered for the purpose of gratifying Brahmins?
भीष्म उवाच ।
अवेदोक्तव्रताश्चैव भुञ्जानाः कार्यकारिणः ।
वेदोक्तेषु तु भुञ्जाना व्रतलुप्ता युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
avedoktavratāścaiva bhuñjānāḥ kāryakāriṇaḥ ,
vedokteṣu tu bhuñjānā vrataluptā yudhiṣṭhira.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca aveda-ukta-vratāḥ ca eva bhuñjānāḥ kāryakāriṇaḥ
veda-ukteṣu tu bhuñjānāḥ vrata-luptāḥ yudhiṣṭhira
2. Bhīṣma said: O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who partake of offerings while observing vows not prescribed by the Vedas are merely performing actions. However, those who partake of what is prescribed by the Vedas but have abandoned their vows are considered to have fallen from their observances.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यदिदं तप इत्याहुरुपवासं पृथग्जनाः ।
तपः स्यादेतदिह वै तपोऽन्यद्वापि किं भवेत् ॥३॥
3. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yadidaṁ tapa ityāhurupavāsaṁ pṛthagjanāḥ ,
tapaḥ syādetadiha vai tapo'nyadvāpi kiṁ bhavet.
3. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca yat idam tapaḥ iti āhuḥ upavāsam pṛthak-janāḥ
tapaḥ syāt etat iha vai tapaḥ anyat vā api kim bhavet
3. Yudhiṣṭhira said: What ordinary people (pṛthagjanāḥ) refer to as asceticism (tapas) is fasting. Is this truly asceticism (tapas) in this context, or could asceticism (tapas) be something else entirely?
भीष्म उवाच ।
मासार्धमासौ नोपवसेद्यत्तपो मन्यते जनः ।
आत्मतन्त्रोपघाती यो न तपस्वी न धर्मवित् ॥४॥
4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
māsārdhamāsau nopavasedyattapo manyate janaḥ ,
ātmatantropaghātī yo na tapasvī na dharmavit.
4. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca māsa-ardhamāsau na upavaset yat tapaḥ manyate
janaḥ ātma-tantra-upaghātī yaḥ na tapasvī na dharma-vit
4. Bhīṣma said: The person who considers fasting for a month or half a month to be an ascetic practice (tapas), but does not undertake it, is one who undermines his own self-governance (ātmatantra). He is neither an ascetic (tapasvī) nor a knower of natural law (dharma).
त्यागस्यापि च संपत्तिः शिष्यते तप उत्तमम् ।
सदोपवासी च भवेद्ब्रह्मचारी तथैव च ॥५॥
5. tyāgasyāpi ca saṁpattiḥ śiṣyate tapa uttamam ,
sadopavāsī ca bhavedbrahmacārī tathaiva ca.
5. tyāgasya api ca sampattiḥ śiṣyate tapaḥ uttamam
sadā upavāsī ca bhavet brahmacārī tathā eva ca
5. tyāgasya api ca sampattiḥ uttamam tapaḥ śiṣyate
ca sadā upavāsī ca brahmacārī tathā eva bhavet
5. Even the virtue of renunciation (tyāga) remains, and supreme austerity (tapas) is to be observed. One should always observe fasts and likewise be a celibate (brahmacārī).
मुनिश्च स्यात्सदा विप्रो देवांश्चैव सदा यजेत् ।
कुटुम्बिको धर्मकामः सदास्वप्नश्च भारत ॥६॥
6. muniśca syātsadā vipro devāṁścaiva sadā yajet ,
kuṭumbiko dharmakāmaḥ sadāsvapnaśca bhārata.
6. muniḥ ca syāt sadā vipraḥ devān ca eva sadā yajet
kuṭumbikaḥ dharmakāmaḥ sadāsvapnaḥ ca bhārata
6. ca sadā muniḥ ca vipraḥ syāt eva sadā devān ca yajet
bhārata dharmakāmaḥ kuṭumbikaḥ ca sadāsvapnaḥ syāt
6. And he should always be a sage (muni) and a Brahmin. He should always worship the gods. A householder, desirous of (dharma), O Bhārata, should also always harbor aspirations.
अमृताशी सदा च स्यात्पवित्री च सदा भवेत् ।
ऋतवादी सदा च स्यान्नियतश्च सदा भवेत् ॥७॥
7. amṛtāśī sadā ca syātpavitrī ca sadā bhavet ,
ṛtavādī sadā ca syānniyataśca sadā bhavet.
7. amṛtāśī sadā ca syāt pavitrī ca sadā bhavet
ṛtavādī sadā ca syāt niyataḥ ca sadā bhavet
7. sadā ca amṛtāśī syāt sadā ca pavitrī bhavet
sadā ca ṛtavādī syāt sadā ca niyataḥ bhavet
7. And he should always be one who partakes of sacred remnants, and he should always be pure. And he should always be a speaker of truth, and always disciplined.
विघसाशी सदा च स्यात्सदा चैवातिथिप्रियः ।
अमांसाशी सदा च स्यात्पवित्री च सदा भवेत् ॥८॥
8. vighasāśī sadā ca syātsadā caivātithipriyaḥ ,
amāṁsāśī sadā ca syātpavitrī ca sadā bhavet.
8. vighasāśī sadā ca syāt sadā ca eva atithipriyaḥ
amāṃsāśī sadā ca syāt pavitrī ca sadā bhavet
8. sadā ca vighasāśī syāt sadā ca eva atithipriyaḥ
syāt sadā ca amāṃsāśī syāt sadā ca pavitrī bhavet
8. And he should always be one who partakes of the remnants of meals, and always indeed fond of guests. And he should always be one who does not eat meat, and always be pure.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं सदोपवासी स्याद्ब्रह्मचारी च पार्थिव ।
विघसाशी कथं च स्यात्कथं चैवातिथिप्रियः ॥९॥
9. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ sadopavāsī syādbrahmacārī ca pārthiva ,
vighasāśī kathaṁ ca syātkathaṁ caivātithipriyaḥ.
9. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham sadā upavāsī syāt brahmacārī ca
pārthiva vighasāśī katham ca syāt katham ca eva atithipriyaḥ
9. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham sadā upavāsī syāt brahmacārī ca
pārthiva vighasāśī katham ca syāt katham ca eva atithipriyaḥ
9. Yudhishthira said: "O king, how can one always observe a fast, how can one always remain celibate (brahmacārī), how can one be an eater of remnants, and how can one always be hospitable to guests?"
भीष्म उवाच ।
अन्तरा सायमाशं च प्रातराशं तथैव च ।
सदोपवासी भवति यो न भुङ्क्तेऽन्तरा पुनः ॥१०॥
10. bhīṣma uvāca ,
antarā sāyamāśaṁ ca prātarāśaṁ tathaiva ca ,
sadopavāsī bhavati yo na bhuṅkte'ntarā punaḥ.
10. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca antarā sāyamāśam ca prātarāśam tathā eva
ca sadā upavāsī bhavati yaḥ na bhuṅkte antarā punaḥ
10. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca antarā sāyamāśam ca prātarāśam tathā eva
ca sadā upavāsī bhavati yaḥ na bhuṅkte antarā punaḥ
10. Bhishma said: "One who does not eat again between the evening meal and the morning meal is considered to be always observing a fast."
भार्यां गच्छन्ब्रह्मचारी सदा भवति चैव ह ।
ऋतवादी सदा च स्याद्दानशीलश्च मानवः ॥११॥
11. bhāryāṁ gacchanbrahmacārī sadā bhavati caiva ha ,
ṛtavādī sadā ca syāddānaśīlaśca mānavaḥ.
11. bhāryām gacchan brahmacārī sadā bhavati ca eva
ha ṛtavādī sadā ca syāt dānaśīlaḥ ca mānavaḥ
11. bhāryām gacchan brahmacārī sadā bhavati ca eva
ha ṛtavādī sadā ca syāt dānaśīlaḥ ca mānavaḥ
11. Approaching his wife (for procreation), a person is always considered a celibate (brahmacārī). And a person should always be truthful and charitable.
अभक्षयन्वृथा मांसममांसाशी भवत्युत ।
दानं ददत्पवित्री स्यादस्वप्नश्च दिवास्वपन् ॥१२॥
12. abhakṣayanvṛthā māṁsamamāṁsāśī bhavatyuta ,
dānaṁ dadatpavitrī syādasvapnaśca divāsvapan.
12. abhakṣayan vṛthā māṃsam amāṃsāśī bhavati uta
dānam dadat pavitrī syāt asvapnaḥ ca divāsvapan
12. abhakṣayan vṛthā māṃsam amāṃsāśī bhavati uta
dānam dadat pavitrī syāt asvapnaḥ ca divāsvapan
12. By not consuming meat unnecessarily, one is indeed a non-meat-eater. By giving gifts, one is purified. And one who sleeps during the day is not considered truly sleepless (i.e., does not maintain a continuous vigil).
भृत्यातिथिषु यो भुङ्क्ते भुक्तवत्सु नरः सदा ।
अमृतं केवलं भुङ्क्ते इति विद्धि युधिष्ठिर ॥१३॥
13. bhṛtyātithiṣu yo bhuṅkte bhuktavatsu naraḥ sadā ,
amṛtaṁ kevalaṁ bhuṅkte iti viddhi yudhiṣṭhira.
13. bhṛtyātithiṣu yaḥ bhuṅkte bhuktavatsu naraḥ sadā
amṛtaṃ kevalaṃ bhuṅkte iti viddhi yudhiṣṭhira
13. yudhiṣṭhira yaḥ naraḥ sadā bhṛtyātithiṣu bhuktavatsu
bhuṅkte kevalaṃ amṛtaṃ bhuṅkte iti viddhi
13. O Yudhiṣṭhira, know that a person who always eats only after his servants and guests have eaten, partakes of nectar alone.
अभुक्तवत्सु नाश्नाति ब्राह्मणेषु तु यो नरः ।
अभोजनेन तेनास्य जितः स्वर्गो भवत्युत ॥१४॥
14. abhuktavatsu nāśnāti brāhmaṇeṣu tu yo naraḥ ,
abhojanena tenāsya jitaḥ svargo bhavatyuta.
14. abhuktavatsu na aśnāti brāhmaṇeṣu tu yaḥ naraḥ
abhojanena tena asya jitaḥ svargaḥ bhavati uta
14. tu yaḥ naraḥ brāhmaṇeṣu abhuktavatsu na aśnāti
tena abhojanena asya svargaḥ uta jitaḥ bhavati
14. However, the person who does not eat while (brahmins) have not yet eaten, by that very act of not eating, certainly conquers heaven (svarga).
देवेभ्यश्च पितृभ्यश्च भृत्येभ्योऽतिथिभिः सह ।
अवशिष्टानि यो भुङ्क्ते तमाहुर्विघसाशिनम् ॥१५॥
15. devebhyaśca pitṛbhyaśca bhṛtyebhyo'tithibhiḥ saha ,
avaśiṣṭāni yo bhuṅkte tamāhurvighasāśinam.
15. devebhyaḥ ca pitṛbhyaḥ ca bhṛtyebhyaḥ atithibhiḥ
saha avaśiṣṭāni yaḥ bhuṅkte taṃ āhuḥ vighasāśinam
15. yaḥ devebhyaḥ ca pitṛbhyaḥ ca bhṛtyebhyaḥ atithibhiḥ
saha avaśiṣṭāni bhuṅkte taṃ vighasāśinam āhuḥ
15. The person who eats the remnants after having offered to the gods, to the ancestors, and to the servants along with the guests, him they call a "remnant-eater."
तेषां लोका ह्यपर्यन्ताः सदने ब्रह्मणः स्मृताः ।
उपस्थिता ह्यप्सरोभिर्गन्धर्वैश्च जनाधिप ॥१६॥
16. teṣāṁ lokā hyaparyantāḥ sadane brahmaṇaḥ smṛtāḥ ,
upasthitā hyapsarobhirgandharvaiśca janādhipa.
16. teṣāṃ lokāḥ hi aparyantāḥ sadane brahmaṇaḥ smṛtāḥ
upasthitāḥ hi apsarobhiḥ gandharvaiḥ ca janādhip
16. janādhipa hi teṣāṃ lokāḥ aparyantāḥ brahmaṇaḥ sadane
smṛtāḥ hi apsarobhiḥ ca gandharvaiḥ upasthitāḥ
16. O lord of men, indeed, their worlds are declared to be endless, situated in the abode of Brahma (brahman), and attended by apsaras and gandharvas.
देवतातिथिभिः सार्धं पितृभिश्चोपभुञ्जते ।
रमन्ते पुत्रपौत्रैश्च तेषां गतिरनुत्तमा ॥१७॥
17. devatātithibhiḥ sārdhaṁ pitṛbhiścopabhuñjate ,
ramante putrapautraiśca teṣāṁ gatiranuttamā.
17. devatātithibhiḥ sārdham pitṛbhiḥ ca upabhuñjate
| ramante putrapautraiḥ ca teṣām gatiḥ anuttamā
17. devatātithibhiḥ pitṛbhiḥ ca sārdham upabhuñjate
putrapautraiḥ ca ramante teṣām gatiḥ anuttamā
17. They partake (of offerings) with deities, guests, and ancestors, and they delight with their sons and grandsons. Their ultimate destination (gati) is unsurpassed.