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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-39

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धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
अनीश्वरोऽयं पुरुषो भवाभवे सूत्रप्रोता दारुमयीव योषा ।
धात्रा तु दिष्टस्य वशे किलायं तस्माद्वद त्वं श्रवणे धृतोऽहम् ॥१॥
1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
anīśvaro'yaṁ puruṣo bhavābhave; sūtraprotā dārumayīva yoṣā ,
dhātrā tu diṣṭasya vaśe kilāyaṁ; tasmādvada tvaṁ śravaṇe dhṛto'ham.
1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca anīśvaraḥ ayam puruṣaḥ
bhavābhave sūtraprotā dārumayī iva
yoṣā dhātrā tu diṣṭasya vaśe kila
ayam tasmāt vada tvam śravaṇe dhṛtaḥ aham
1. Dhritarashtra said: This individual (puruṣa) is not independent in the cycle of existence (saṃsāra), just like a wooden puppet strung on a thread. Indeed, this individual is under the control of destiny ordained by the Creator. Therefore, you speak, for I am attentive to listen.
विदुर उवाच ।
अप्राप्तकालं वचनं बृहस्पतिरपि ब्रुवन् ।
लभते बुद्ध्यवज्ञानमवमानं च भारत ॥२॥
2. vidura uvāca ,
aprāptakālaṁ vacanaṁ bṛhaspatirapi bruvan ,
labhate buddhyavajñānamavamānaṁ ca bhārata.
2. viduraḥ uvāca aprāptakālam vacanam bṛhaspatiḥ api
bruvan labhate buddhyavajñānam avamānam ca bhārata
2. Vidura said: O descendant of Bharata, even Brihaspati, if he speaks words at an inappropriate time, incurs disregard for his intelligence and receives disrespect.
प्रियो भवति दानेन प्रियवादेन चापरः ।
मन्त्रं मूलबलेनान्यो यः प्रियः प्रिय एव सः ॥३॥
3. priyo bhavati dānena priyavādena cāparaḥ ,
mantraṁ mūlabalenānyo yaḥ priyaḥ priya eva saḥ.
3. priyaḥ bhavati dānena priyavādena ca aparaḥ
mantram mūlabalena anyaḥ yaḥ priyaḥ priya eva saḥ
3. One person becomes dear through charity (dāna), and another through pleasant speech. Another becomes dear through his counsel (mantra) and fundamental resources. However, he who is inherently dear remains truly dear.
द्वेष्यो न साधुर्भवति न मेधावी न पण्डितः ।
प्रिये शुभानि कर्माणि द्वेष्ये पापानि भारत ॥४॥
4. dveṣyo na sādhurbhavati na medhāvī na paṇḍitaḥ ,
priye śubhāni karmāṇi dveṣye pāpāni bhārata.
4. dveṣyaḥ na sādhuḥ bhavati na medhāvī na paṇḍitaḥ
priye śubhāni karmāṇi dveṣye pāpāni bhārata
4. O descendant of Bharata, one who is hated (dveṣya) is regarded as neither virtuous, nor intelligent, nor learned. Good deeds (karma) are attributed to a dear person, while bad deeds are attributed to an enemy.
न स क्षयो महाराज यः क्षयो वृद्धिमावहेत् ।
क्षयः स त्विह मन्तव्यो यं लब्ध्वा बहु नाशयेत् ॥५॥
5. na sa kṣayo mahārāja yaḥ kṣayo vṛddhimāvahet ,
kṣayaḥ sa tviha mantavyo yaṁ labdhvā bahu nāśayet.
5. na saḥ kṣayaḥ mahārāja yaḥ kṣayaḥ vṛddhim āvahet
kṣayaḥ saḥ tu iha mantavyaḥ yam labdhvā bahu nāśayet
5. O great king, that is not a loss which brings about growth. Rather, that is considered a loss by which one obtains something and then loses much in return.
समृद्धा गुणतः केचिद्भवन्ति धनतोऽपरे ।
धनवृद्धान्गुणैर्हीनान्धृतराष्ट्र विवर्जयेत् ॥६॥
6. samṛddhā guṇataḥ kecidbhavanti dhanato'pare ,
dhanavṛddhānguṇairhīnāndhṛtarāṣṭra vivarjayet.
6. samṛddhāḥ guṇataḥ kecit bhavanti dhanataḥ apare
dhanavṛddhān guṇaiḥ hīnān dhṛtarāṣṭra vivarjayet
6. Some become prosperous due to their virtues, while others are prosperous due to wealth. O Dhṛtarāṣṭra, one should avoid those who are rich in wealth but devoid of virtues.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
सर्वं त्वमायतीयुक्तं भाषसे प्राज्ञसंमतम् ।
न चोत्सहे सुतं त्यक्तुं यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः ॥७॥
7. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
sarvaṁ tvamāyatīyuktaṁ bhāṣase prājñasaṁmatam ,
na cotsahe sutaṁ tyaktuṁ yato dharmastato jayaḥ.
7. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca sarvam tvam āyatiyuktam bhāṣase prājñasammatam
na ca utsahe sutam tyaktum yataḥ dharmaḥ tataḥ jayaḥ
7. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: All that you speak is appropriate for the future and approved by the wise. However, I am unable to abandon my son, for where there is natural law (dharma), there is victory.
विदुर उवाच ।
स्वभावगुणसंपन्नो न जातु विनयान्वितः ।
सुसूक्ष्ममपि भूतानामुपमर्दं प्रयोक्ष्यते ॥८॥
8. vidura uvāca ,
svabhāvaguṇasaṁpanno na jātu vinayānvitaḥ ,
susūkṣmamapi bhūtānāmupamardaṁ prayokṣyate.
8. svabhāvaguṇasampannaḥ na jātu vinayānvitaḥ
susūkṣmam api bhūtānām upamardam prayokṣyate
8. One who is endowed with good inherent qualities and possessed of humility will never inflict even the slightest harm on any being.
परापवादनिरताः परदुःखोदयेषु च ।
परस्परविरोधे च यतन्ते सततोत्थिताः ॥९॥
9. parāpavādaniratāḥ paraduḥkhodayeṣu ca ,
parasparavirodhe ca yatante satatotthitāḥ.
9. parāpavādaniratāḥ paraduḥkhodayeṣu ca
parasparavirodhe ca yatante satatotthitāḥ
9. Constantly vigilant and active, they strive to engage in blaming others, to promote the suffering of others, and to participate in mutual conflict.
सदोषं दर्शनं येषां संवासे सुमहद्भयम् ।
अर्थादाने महान्दोषः प्रदाने च महद्भयम् ॥१०॥
10. sadoṣaṁ darśanaṁ yeṣāṁ saṁvāse sumahadbhayam ,
arthādāne mahāndoṣaḥ pradāne ca mahadbhayam.
10. sadoṣam darśanam yeṣām saṃvāse sumahat bhayam
arthādāne mahān doṣaḥ pradāne ca mahat bhayam
10. Those whose perspective is flawed evoke great fear in association. There is a great fault in accepting wealth from them, and great fear in giving wealth to them.
ये पापा इति विख्याताः संवासे परिगर्हिताः ।
युक्ताश्चान्यैर्महादोषैर्ये नरास्तान्विवर्जयेत् ॥११॥
11. ye pāpā iti vikhyātāḥ saṁvāse parigarhitāḥ ,
yuktāścānyairmahādoṣairye narāstānvivarjayet.
11. ye pāpāḥ iti vikhyātāḥ saṃvāse parigarhitāḥ yuktāḥ
ca anyaiḥ mahādoṣaiḥ ye narāḥ tān vivarjayet
11. One should avoid those people who are widely known as wicked, who are reproached in society, and who are associated with other great faults.
निवर्तमाने सौहार्दे प्रीतिर्नीचे प्रणश्यति ।
या चैव फलनिर्वृत्तिः सौहृदे चैव यत्सुखम् ॥१२॥
12. nivartamāne sauhārde prītirnīce praṇaśyati ,
yā caiva phalanirvṛttiḥ sauhṛde caiva yatsukham.
12. nivartamāne sauharde prītiḥ nīce praṇaśyati yā
ca eva phalanirvṛttiḥ sauhṛde ca eva yat sukham
12. When goodwill diminishes, affection towards a base person is lost. And whatever fulfillment of purpose, as well as whatever happiness, exists in such a friendship, also vanishes.
यतते चापवादाय यत्नमारभते क्षये ।
अल्पेऽप्यपकृते मोहान्न शान्तिमुपगच्छति ॥१३॥
13. yatate cāpavādāya yatnamārabhate kṣaye ,
alpe'pyapakṛte mohānna śāntimupagacchati.
13. yatate ca apavādāya yatnam ārabhatate kṣaye
alpe api apakṛte mohāt na śāntim upagacchati
13. Such a person strives to find fault (apavāda) and embarks on efforts leading to ruin (kṣaya). Even when only slightly wronged, they do not attain peace (śānti) due to delusion (moha).
तादृशैः संगतं नीचैर्नृशंसैरकृतात्मभिः ।
निशाम्य निपुणं बुद्ध्या विद्वान्दूराद्विवर्जयेत् ॥१४॥
14. tādṛśaiḥ saṁgataṁ nīcairnṛśaṁsairakṛtātmabhiḥ ,
niśāmya nipuṇaṁ buddhyā vidvāndūrādvivarjayet.
14. tādṛśaiḥ saṃgatam nīcaiḥ nṛśaṃsaiḥ akṛtātmabhiḥ
niśāmya nipuṇam buddhyā vidvān dūrāt vivarjayet
14. Having carefully (nipuṇam) discerned with his intellect (buddhi), a wise person (vidvān) should completely avoid (vivarjayet) association (saṃgata) from afar (dūrāt) with such base, cruel, and undisciplined (akṛtātman) individuals.
यो ज्ञातिमनुगृह्णाति दरिद्रं दीनमातुरम् ।
स पुत्रपशुभिर्वृद्धिं यशश्चाव्ययमश्नुते ॥१५॥
15. yo jñātimanugṛhṇāti daridraṁ dīnamāturam ,
sa putrapaśubhirvṛddhiṁ yaśaścāvyayamaśnute.
15. yaḥ jñātim anugṛhṇāti daridram dīnam āturam saḥ
putrapaśubhiḥ vṛddhim yaśaḥ ca avyayam aśnute
15. Whoever shows favor to a poor, miserable, and afflicted relative, he attains prosperity (vṛddhi) through sons and cattle, and imperishable (avyaya) fame.
ज्ञातयो वर्धनीयास्तैर्य इच्छन्त्यात्मनः शुभम् ।
कुलवृद्धिं च राजेन्द्र तस्मात्साधु समाचर ॥१६॥
16. jñātayo vardhanīyāstairya icchantyātmanaḥ śubham ,
kulavṛddhiṁ ca rājendra tasmātsādhu samācara.
16. jñātayaḥ vardhanīyāḥ taiḥ ye icchanti ātmanaḥ śubham
kulavṛddhim ca rājendra tasmāt sādhu samācara
16. Relatives (jñāti) should be nurtured (vardhanīyā) by those who desire their own (ātman) well-being (śubha), as well as the prosperity (vṛddhi) of the family (kula). Therefore, O King (rājendra), act (samācara) righteously (sādhu).
श्रेयसा योक्ष्यसे राजन्कुर्वाणो ज्ञातिसत्क्रियाम् ।
विगुणा ह्यपि संरक्ष्या ज्ञातयो भरतर्षभ ॥१७॥
17. śreyasā yokṣyase rājankurvāṇo jñātisatkriyām ,
viguṇā hyapi saṁrakṣyā jñātayo bharatarṣabha.
17. śreyasā yokṣyase rājan kurvāṇaḥ jñātisatkriyām
viguṇāḥ hi api saṃrakṣyāḥ jñātayaḥ bharatarṣabha
17. O King, by properly honoring your relatives, you will attain prosperity. Indeed, even relatives who lack good qualities should be protected, O best among the Bharatas.
किं पुनर्गुणवन्तस्ते त्वत्प्रसादाभिकाङ्क्षिणः ।
प्रसादं कुरु दीनानां पाण्डवानां विशां पते ॥१८॥
18. kiṁ punarguṇavantaste tvatprasādābhikāṅkṣiṇaḥ ,
prasādaṁ kuru dīnānāṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ viśāṁ pate.
18. kim punaḥ guṇavantaḥ te tvatprasādābhikāṅkṣiṇaḥ
prasādam kuru dīnānām pāṇḍavānām viśām pate
18. How much more, then, should those who are virtuous and desirous of your favor be protected? Bestow your grace upon the distressed Pāṇḍavas, O lord of the people.
दीयन्तां ग्रामकाः केचित्तेषां वृत्त्यर्थमीश्वर ।
एवं लोके यशःप्राप्तो भविष्यसि नराधिप ॥१९॥
19. dīyantāṁ grāmakāḥ kecitteṣāṁ vṛttyarthamīśvara ,
evaṁ loke yaśaḥprāpto bhaviṣyasi narādhipa.
19. dīyantām grāmakāḥ kecit teṣām vṛttyartham īśvara
evam loke yaśaḥprāptaḥ bhaviṣyasi narādhipa
19. Let some villages be granted to them for their livelihood, O Lord. In this way, you will achieve fame in the world, O ruler of men.
वृद्धेन हि त्वया कार्यं पुत्राणां तात रक्षणम् ।
मया चापि हितं वाच्यं विद्धि मां त्वद्धितैषिणम् ॥२०॥
20. vṛddhena hi tvayā kāryaṁ putrāṇāṁ tāta rakṣaṇam ,
mayā cāpi hitaṁ vācyaṁ viddhi māṁ tvaddhitaiṣiṇam.
20. vṛddhena hi tvayā kāryam putrāṇām tāta rakṣaṇam
mayā ca api hitam vācyam viddhi mām tvaddhitaiṣiṇam
20. Indeed, by you, being aged, the protection of your sons should be undertaken, dear father. And what is beneficial should be spoken by me. Know me as your well-wisher.
ज्ञातिभिर्विग्रहस्तात न कर्तव्यो भवार्थिना ।
सुखानि सह भोज्यानि ज्ञातिभिर्भरतर्षभ ॥२१॥
21. jñātibhirvigrahastāta na kartavyo bhavārthinā ,
sukhāni saha bhojyāni jñātibhirbharatarṣabha.
21. jñātibhiḥ vigrahaḥ tāta na kartavyaḥ bhavārthinā
sukhāni saha bhojyāni jñātibhiḥ bharatarṣabha
21. O dear one, one who desires prosperity should not engage in conflict with relatives. O best among Bharatas, happinesses are meant to be enjoyed along with relatives.
संभोजनं संकथनं संप्रीतिश्च परस्परम् ।
ज्ञातिभिः सह कार्याणि न विरोधः कथंचन ॥२२॥
22. saṁbhojanaṁ saṁkathanaṁ saṁprītiśca parasparam ,
jñātibhiḥ saha kāryāṇi na virodhaḥ kathaṁcana.
22. saṃbhojanam saṃkathanam saṃprītiḥ ca parasparam
jñātibhiḥ saha kāryāṇi na virodhaḥ kathaṃcana
22. Dining together, conversing together, and mutual affection should always be practiced with relatives. Conflict, by any means, should never occur.
ज्ञातयस्तारयन्तीह ज्ञातयो मज्जयन्ति च ।
सुवृत्तास्तारयन्तीह दुर्वृत्ता मज्जयन्ति च ॥२३॥
23. jñātayastārayantīha jñātayo majjayanti ca ,
suvṛttāstārayantīha durvṛttā majjayanti ca.
23. jñātayaḥ tārayanti iha jñātayaḥ majjayanti ca
suvṛttāḥ tārayanti iha durvṛttāḥ majjayanti ca
23. Relatives can uplift (save) a person, and relatives can also ruin (drown) a person. Those who are well-behaved among them uplift, and those who are ill-behaved ruin.
सुवृत्तो भव राजेन्द्र पाण्डवान्प्रति मानद ।
अधर्षणीयः शत्रूणां तैर्वृतस्त्वं भविष्यसि ॥२४॥
24. suvṛtto bhava rājendra pāṇḍavānprati mānada ,
adharṣaṇīyaḥ śatrūṇāṁ tairvṛtastvaṁ bhaviṣyasi.
24. suvṛttaḥ bhava rājendra pāṇḍavān prati mānada
adharṣaṇīyaḥ śatrūṇām taiḥ vṛtaḥ tvam bhaviṣyasi
24. O king of kings, O giver of honor, be well-behaved towards the Pandavas. Surrounded by them, you will become unassailable by your enemies.
श्रीमन्तं ज्ञातिमासाद्य यो ज्ञातिरवसीदति ।
दिग्धहस्तं मृग इव स एनस्तस्य विन्दति ॥२५॥
25. śrīmantaṁ jñātimāsādya yo jñātiravasīdati ,
digdhahastaṁ mṛga iva sa enastasya vindati.
25. śrīmantam jñātim āsādya yaḥ jñātiḥ avasīdati
digdhahastam mṛga iva saḥ enaḥ tasya vindati
25. If a kinsman, having approached a prosperous relative, still falls into distress, then that prosperous relative incurs sin, just as a deer is doomed by a poisoned hand.
पश्चादपि नरश्रेष्ठ तव तापो भविष्यति ।
तान्वा हतान्सुतान्वापि श्रुत्वा तदनुचिन्तय ॥२६॥
26. paścādapi naraśreṣṭha tava tāpo bhaviṣyati ,
tānvā hatānsutānvāpi śrutvā tadanucintaya.
26. paścāt api naraśreṣṭha tava tāpaḥ bhaviṣyati
tān vā hatān sutān vā api śrutvā tat anucintaya
26. Even afterwards, O best among men, sorrow will befall you. After you hear about those kinsmen, or even your sons, having been slain, then reflect upon that.
येन खट्वां समारूढः परितप्येत कर्मणा ।
आदावेव न तत्कुर्यादध्रुवे जीविते सति ॥२७॥
27. yena khaṭvāṁ samārūḍhaḥ paritapyeta karmaṇā ,
ādāveva na tatkuryādadhruve jīvite sati.
27. yena khaṭvām samārūḍhaḥ paritapyeta karmaṇā
ādau eva na tat kuryāt adhruve jīvite sati
27. One should not perform that action which would cause one to be tormented later, when lying on a cot (on one's deathbed), especially when life itself is uncertain.
न कश्चिन्नापनयते पुमानन्यत्र भार्गवात् ।
शेषसंप्रतिपत्तिस्तु बुद्धिमत्स्वेव तिष्ठति ॥२८॥
28. na kaścinnāpanayate pumānanyatra bhārgavāt ,
śeṣasaṁpratipattistu buddhimatsveva tiṣṭhati.
28. na kaścit na apanayate pumān anyatra bhārgavāt
śeṣasaṃpratipattiḥ tu buddhimatsu eva tiṣṭhati
28. There is no man who does not make mistakes, except Bhargava. However, the subsequent correct understanding (or solution) rests only with the intelligent.
दुर्योधनेन यद्येतत्पापं तेषु पुरा कृतम् ।
त्वया तत्कुलवृद्धेन प्रत्यानेयं नरेश्वर ॥२९॥
29. duryodhanena yadyetatpāpaṁ teṣu purā kṛtam ,
tvayā tatkulavṛddhena pratyāneyaṁ nareśvara.
29. duryodhanena yadi etat pāpam teṣu purā kṛtam
tvayā tat kulavṛddhena pratyāneyam nareśvara
29. O Lord of men, if this wrong was committed by Duryodhana against them in the past, you, as the elder of the family, must rectify that.
तांस्त्वं पदे प्रतिष्ठाप्य लोके विगतकल्मषः ।
भविष्यसि नरश्रेष्ठ पूजनीयो मनीषिणाम् ॥३०॥
30. tāṁstvaṁ pade pratiṣṭhāpya loke vigatakalmaṣaḥ ,
bhaviṣyasi naraśreṣṭha pūjanīyo manīṣiṇām.
30. tān tvam pade pratiṣṭhāpya loke vigatakalmaṣaḥ
bhaviṣyasi naraśreṣṭha pūjanīyaḥ manīṣiṇām
30. O best of men, having established them in their proper place, you will become free from fault and worthy of respect among the wise in the world.
सुव्याहृतानि धीराणां फलतः प्रविचिन्त्य यः ।
अध्यवस्यति कार्येषु चिरं यशसि तिष्ठति ॥३१॥
31. suvyāhṛtāni dhīrāṇāṁ phalataḥ pravicintya yaḥ ,
adhyavasyati kāryeṣu ciraṁ yaśasi tiṣṭhati.
31. suvyāhṛtāni dhīrāṇām phalataḥ pravicintya yaḥ
adhyavasyati kāryeṣu ciram yaśasi tiṣṭhati
31. Whoever, having thoroughly considered the effective counsel of the wise, resolves upon actions, remains renowned for a long time.
अवृत्तिं विनयो हन्ति हन्त्यनर्थं पराक्रमः ।
हन्ति नित्यं क्षमा क्रोधमाचारो हन्त्यलक्षणम् ॥३२॥
32. avṛttiṁ vinayo hanti hantyanarthaṁ parākramaḥ ,
hanti nityaṁ kṣamā krodhamācāro hantyalakṣaṇam.
32. avṛttim vinayaḥ hanti hanti anartham parākramaḥ
hanti nityam kṣamā krodham ācāraḥ hanti alakṣaṇam
32. Discipline removes indigence. Valor conquers misfortune. Forgiveness always destroys anger. Proper conduct eliminates ill omens.
परिच्छदेन क्षेत्रेण वेश्मना परिचर्यया ।
परीक्षेत कुलं राजन्भोजनाच्छादनेन च ॥३३॥
33. paricchadena kṣetreṇa veśmanā paricaryayā ,
parīkṣeta kulaṁ rājanbhojanācchādanena ca.
33. paricchadena kṣetreṇa veśmanā paricaryayā
parīkṣeta kulaṃ rājan bhojanācchādanena ca
33. O King, one should assess a family by their attire, land, dwelling, conduct, as well as their food and clothing.
ययोश्चित्तेन वा चित्तं नैभृतं नैभृतेन वा ।
समेति प्रज्ञया प्रज्ञा तयोर्मैत्री न जीर्यते ॥३४॥
34. yayościttena vā cittaṁ naibhṛtaṁ naibhṛtena vā ,
sameti prajñayā prajñā tayormaitrī na jīryate.
34. yayoḥ cittena vā cittaṃ naibhṛtaṃ naibhṛtena vā
sameti prajñayā prajñā tayoḥ maitrī na jīryate
34. When the mind (citta) of one individual quietly or humbly connects with the mind (citta) of another, or when wisdom (prajñā) aligns with wisdom (prajñā), the friendship (maitrī) between them never decays.
दुर्बुद्धिमकृतप्रज्ञं छन्नं कूपं तृणैरिव ।
विवर्जयीत मेधावी तस्मिन्मैत्री प्रणश्यति ॥३५॥
35. durbuddhimakṛtaprajñaṁ channaṁ kūpaṁ tṛṇairiva ,
vivarjayīta medhāvī tasminmaitrī praṇaśyati.
35. durbuddhiṃ akṛtaprajñaṃ channaṃ kūpaṃ tṛṇaiḥ
iva vivarjayīta medhāvī tasmin maitrī praṇaśyati
35. A discerning person (medhāvin) should avoid those who are foolish (durbuddhi) and unwise (akṛtaprajña), just like one avoids a well hidden by grass. Friendship (maitrī) with such a person quickly perishes.
अवलिप्तेषु मूर्खेषु रौद्रसाहसिकेषु च ।
तथैवापेतधर्मेषु न मैत्रीमाचरेद्बुधः ॥३६॥
36. avalipteṣu mūrkheṣu raudrasāhasikeṣu ca ,
tathaivāpetadharmeṣu na maitrīmācaredbudhaḥ.
36. avalipteṣu mūrkheṣu raudrasāhasikeṣu ca
tathaiva apetadharmeṣu na maitrīṃ ācaret budhaḥ
36. A wise person (budha) should not cultivate friendship (maitrī) with the arrogant, the foolish, the reckless, and similarly, with those who have deviated from their intrinsic nature (dharma).
कृतज्ञं धार्मिकं सत्यमक्षुद्रं दृढभक्तिकम् ।
जितेन्द्रियं स्थितं स्थित्यां मित्रमत्यागि चेष्यते ॥३७॥
37. kṛtajñaṁ dhārmikaṁ satyamakṣudraṁ dṛḍhabhaktikam ,
jitendriyaṁ sthitaṁ sthityāṁ mitramatyāgi ceṣyate.
37. kṛtajñam dhārmikam satyam akṣudram dṛḍhabhaktikam
jitendriyam sthitam sthityām mitram atyāgi ca iṣyate
37. One desires a friend who is grateful, righteous (dhārmikam), truthful, noble, possessing firm devotion (bhakti), self-controlled, steady in their principles, and loyal.
इन्द्रियाणामनुत्सर्गो मृत्युना न विशिष्यते ।
अत्यर्थं पुनरुत्सर्गः सादयेद्दैवतान्यपि ॥३८॥
38. indriyāṇāmanutsargo mṛtyunā na viśiṣyate ,
atyarthaṁ punarutsargaḥ sādayeddaivatānyapi.
38. indriyāṇām anutsargaḥ mṛtyunā na viśiṣyate |
atyartham punaḥ utsargaḥ sādayet devatāni api
38. The complete non-indulgence of the senses is no different from death. However, excessive indulgence (utsarga) would bring down even the deities.
मार्दवं सर्वभूतानामनसूया क्षमा धृतिः ।
आयुष्याणि बुधाः प्राहुर्मित्राणां चाविमानना ॥३९॥
39. mārdavaṁ sarvabhūtānāmanasūyā kṣamā dhṛtiḥ ,
āyuṣyāṇi budhāḥ prāhurmitrāṇāṁ cāvimānanā.
39. mārdavam sarvabhūtānām anasūyā kṣamā dhṛtiḥ |
āyuṣyāṇi budhāḥ prāhuḥ mitrāṇām ca avimānanā
39. The wise declare that gentleness towards all beings, absence of envy, forgiveness, fortitude, and also respect for friends are conducive to a long life.
अपनीतं सुनीतेन योऽर्थं प्रत्यानिनीषते ।
मतिमास्थाय सुदृढां तदकापुरुषव्रतम् ॥४०॥
40. apanītaṁ sunītena yo'rthaṁ pratyāninīṣate ,
matimāsthāya sudṛḍhāṁ tadakāpuruṣavratam.
40. apanītam sunītena yaḥ artham pratyāninīṣate
| matim āsthāya sudṛḍhām tat akāpuruṣavratam
40. Whoever wishes to reclaim what has been lost, through sound policy and by adopting a very firm resolve, that is indeed the characteristic conduct of a capable person.
आयत्यां प्रतिकारज्ञस्तदात्वे दृढनिश्चयः ।
अतीते कार्यशेषज्ञो नरोऽर्थैर्न प्रहीयते ॥४१॥
41. āyatyāṁ pratikārajñastadātve dṛḍhaniścayaḥ ,
atīte kāryaśeṣajño naro'rthairna prahīyate.
41. āyatyām pratikārajñaḥ tadātve dṛḍhaniścayaḥ
atīte kāryaśeṣajñaḥ naraḥ arthaiḥ na prahīyate
41. A man who understands the remedies for future challenges, is firm in his resolve in the present, and knows what remains to be done concerning past actions, is never deprived of his objectives (artha).
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा यदभीक्ष्णं निषेवते ।
तदेवापहरत्येनं तस्मात्कल्याणमाचरेत् ॥४२॥
42. karmaṇā manasā vācā yadabhīkṣṇaṁ niṣevate ,
tadevāpaharatyenaṁ tasmātkalyāṇamācaret.
42. karmaṇā manasā vācā yat abhīkṣṇam niṣevate
tat eva apaharati enam tasmāt kalyāṇam ācaret
42. Whatever one consistently engages in through action (karma), mind, and speech, that very thing carries him along. Therefore, one should always perform auspicious deeds.
मङ्गलालम्भनं योगः श्रुतमुत्थानमार्जवम् ।
भूतिमेतानि कुर्वन्ति सतां चाभीक्ष्णदर्शनम् ॥४३॥
43. maṅgalālambhanaṁ yogaḥ śrutamutthānamārjavam ,
bhūtimetāni kurvanti satāṁ cābhīkṣṇadarśanam.
43. maṅgalālambhanam yogaḥ śrutam utthānam ārjavam
bhūtim etāni kurvanti satām ca abhīkṣṇadarśanam
43. Seeking what is auspicious, disciplined application (yoga), sacred knowledge (śruta), persistent effort, honesty, and constant association with the virtuous – these indeed lead to prosperity.
अनिर्वेदः श्रियो मूलं दुःखनाशे सुखस्य च ।
महान्भवत्यनिर्विण्णः सुखं चात्यन्तमश्नुते ॥४४॥
44. anirvedaḥ śriyo mūlaṁ duḥkhanāśe sukhasya ca ,
mahānbhavatyanirviṇṇaḥ sukhaṁ cātyantamaśnute.
44. anirvedaḥ śriyaḥ mūlam duḥkhanāśe sukhasya ca
mahān bhavati anirviṇṇaḥ sukham ca atyantam aśnute
44. Perseverance is the foundation of prosperity, the eradication of sorrow, and the attainment of happiness. An undiscouraged person becomes great and experiences ultimate happiness.
नातः श्रीमत्तरं किंचिदन्यत्पथ्यतमं तथा ।
प्रभविष्णोर्यथा तात क्षमा सर्वत्र सर्वदा ॥४५॥
45. nātaḥ śrīmattaraṁ kiṁcidanyatpathyatamaṁ tathā ,
prabhaviṣṇoryathā tāta kṣamā sarvatra sarvadā.
45. na ataḥ śrīmattaram kiñcit anyat pathyatamam tathā
prabhaviṣṇoḥ yathā tāta kṣamā sarvatra sarvadā
45. O dear one, there is nothing more glorious or more beneficial than this. Just as for the powerful, forgiveness (kṣamā) is always effective everywhere.
क्षमेदशक्तः सर्वस्य शक्तिमान्धर्मकारणात् ।
अर्थानर्थौ समौ यस्य तस्य नित्यं क्षमा हिता ॥४६॥
46. kṣamedaśaktaḥ sarvasya śaktimāndharmakāraṇāt ,
arthānarthau samau yasya tasya nityaṁ kṣamā hitā.
46. kṣamet aśaktaḥ sarvasya śaktimān dharmakāraṇāt
artha anarthau samau yasya tasya nityam kṣamā hitā
46. An incapable person should forgive all, and a powerful person should forgive for the sake of their intrinsic nature (dharma). For one to whom gain and loss are regarded as equal, forgiveness (kṣamā) is always beneficial.
यत्सुखं सेवमानोऽपि धर्मार्थाभ्यां न हीयते ।
कामं तदुपसेवेत न मूढव्रतमाचरेत् ॥४७॥
47. yatsukhaṁ sevamāno'pi dharmārthābhyāṁ na hīyate ,
kāmaṁ tadupaseveta na mūḍhavratamācaret.
47. yat sukham sevamānaḥ api dharmārthābhyām na
hīyate kāmam tat upaseveta na mūḍhavratam ācaret
47. One should certainly indulge in that pleasure which, even while being enjoyed, does not lead to a decline in one's righteousness (dharma) and material well-being (artha). One should not undertake foolish vows.
दुःखार्तेषु प्रमत्तेषु नास्तिकेष्वलसेषु च ।
न श्रीर्वसत्यदान्तेषु ये चोत्साहविवर्जिताः ॥४८॥
48. duḥkhārteṣu pramatteṣu nāstikeṣvalaseṣu ca ,
na śrīrvasatyadānteṣu ye cotsāhavivarjitāḥ.
48. duḥkhārteṣu pramatteṣu nāstikeṣu alaseṣu ca na
śrīḥ vasati adānteṣu ye ca utsāhavivarjitāḥ
48. Prosperity (śrī) does not reside among those who are afflicted by misery, are negligent, are unbelievers, are lazy, are unrestrained, and are devoid of enthusiasm.
आर्जवेन नरं युक्तमार्जवात्सव्यपत्रपम् ।
अशक्तिमन्तं मन्यन्तो धर्षयन्ति कुबुद्धयः ॥४९॥
49. ārjavena naraṁ yuktamārjavātsavyapatrapam ,
aśaktimantaṁ manyanto dharṣayanti kubuddhayaḥ.
49. ārjaveṇa naram yuktam ārjavāt savyapatrapam
aśaktimantam manyantaḥ dharṣayanti kubuddhayaḥ
49. Evil-minded people overpower a man who is endowed with sincerity and who is bashful (savyapatrapa) because of that very sincerity, perceiving him as powerless.
अत्यार्यमतिदातारमतिशूरमतिव्रतम् ।
प्रज्ञाभिमानिनं चैव श्रीर्भयान्नोपसर्पति ॥५०॥
50. atyāryamatidātāramatiśūramativratam ,
prajñābhimāninaṁ caiva śrīrbhayānnopasarpati.
50. atyāryam atidātāram atiśūram ativratam
prajñābhimāninam ca eva śrīḥ bhayāt na upasarpati
50. Prosperity (śrī) does not approach, out of fear, those who are excessively honest, excessively generous, excessively brave, excessively committed to vows, and also those who are conceited about their knowledge.
अग्निहोत्रफला वेदाः शीलवृत्तफलं श्रुतम् ।
रतिपुत्रफला दारा दत्तभुक्तफलं धनम् ॥५१॥
51. agnihotraphalā vedāḥ śīlavṛttaphalaṁ śrutam ,
ratiputraphalā dārā dattabhuktaphalaṁ dhanam.
51. agnihotraphalāḥ vedāḥ śīlavṛttaphalam śrutam
ratiputraphalāḥ dārāḥ dattabhuktaphalam dhanam
51. The Vedas culminate in the performance of the Agnihotra ritual. Learning (śruta) finds its fulfillment in virtuous character and conduct. Wives yield the fruits of pleasure and children. Wealth (dhana) finds its purpose in what is given (dāna) and enjoyed.
अधर्मोपार्जितैरर्थैर्यः करोत्यौर्ध्वदेहिकम् ।
न स तस्य फलं प्रेत्य भुङ्क्तेऽर्थस्य दुरागमात् ॥५२॥
52. adharmopārjitairarthairyaḥ karotyaurdhvadehikam ,
na sa tasya phalaṁ pretya bhuṅkte'rthasya durāgamāt.
52. adharmopārjitaiḥ arthaiḥ yaḥ karoti aurdhvadehikam
na sa tasya phalam pretya bhuṅkte arthasya durāgamāt
52. He who performs post-mortem rites with wealth (artha) acquired through unrighteousness (adharma) does not enjoy the fruit of those rites after death (pretya), due to the ill-gotten nature of the wealth.
कान्तारवनदुर्गेषु कृच्छ्रास्वापत्सु संभ्रमे ।
उद्यतेषु च शस्त्रेषु नास्ति शेषवतां भयम् ॥५३॥
53. kāntāravanadurgeṣu kṛcchrāsvāpatsu saṁbhrame ,
udyateṣu ca śastreṣu nāsti śeṣavatāṁ bhayam.
53. kāntāra-vana-durgeṣu kṛcchrāsu āpatsu sambhrame
udyateṣu ca śastreṣu na asti śeṣavatām bhayam
53. For the prudent (śeṣavat), there is no fear in the dangerous wilderness and forests, in dire calamities, in moments of distress, or when weapons are raised.
उत्थानं संयमो दाक्ष्यमप्रमादो धृतिः स्मृतिः ।
समीक्ष्य च समारम्भो विद्धि मूलं भवस्य तत् ॥५४॥
54. utthānaṁ saṁyamo dākṣyamapramādo dhṛtiḥ smṛtiḥ ,
samīkṣya ca samārambho viddhi mūlaṁ bhavasya tat.
54. utthānam saṃyamaḥ dākṣyam apramādaḥ dhṛtiḥ smṛtiḥ
samīkṣya ca samārambhaḥ viddhi mūlam bhavasya tat
54. Know that exertion, self-control (saṃyama), skill, vigilance, fortitude, mindfulness, and undertaking any endeavor after careful consideration – these are the foundation of worldly existence (saṃsāra).
तपो बलं तापसानां ब्रह्म ब्रह्मविदां बलम् ।
हिंसा बलमसाधूनां क्षमा गुणवतां बलम् ॥५५॥
55. tapo balaṁ tāpasānāṁ brahma brahmavidāṁ balam ,
hiṁsā balamasādhūnāṁ kṣamā guṇavatāṁ balam.
55. tapaḥ balam tāpasānām brahma brahmavidām balam
hiṃsā balam asādhūnām kṣamā guṇavatām balam
55. Austerity (tapas) is the strength of ascetics, and the knowledge of Brahman (brahman) is the strength of those who know Brahman. Violence is the strength of the wicked, while forgiveness is the strength of the virtuous.
अष्टौ तान्यव्रतघ्नानि आपो मूलं फलं पयः ।
हविर्ब्राह्मणकाम्या च गुरोर्वचनमौषधम् ॥५६॥
56. aṣṭau tānyavrataghnāni āpo mūlaṁ phalaṁ payaḥ ,
havirbrāhmaṇakāmyā ca gurorvacanamauṣadham.
56. aṣṭau tāni avrataghnāni āpaḥ mūlam phalam payaḥ
haviḥ brāhmaṇa-kāmyā ca guroḥ vacanam auṣadham
56. These eight do not break vows: water, roots, fruits, milk, sacrificial offerings (haviḥ), things desired by a Brahmin, the word of the preceptor (guru), and medicine.
न तत्परस्य संदध्यात्प्रतिकूलं यदात्मनः ।
संग्रहेणैष धर्मः स्यात्कामादन्यः प्रवर्तते ॥५७॥
57. na tatparasya saṁdadhyātpratikūlaṁ yadātmanaḥ ,
saṁgraheṇaiṣa dharmaḥ syātkāmādanyaḥ pravartate.
57. na tat parasya saṃdadhyāt pratikūlam yat ātmanaḥ
saṃgraheṇa eṣaḥ dharmaḥ syāt kāmāt anyaḥ pravartate
57. One should not do to others what is unfavorable to oneself. In brief, this is the natural law (dharma); anything different from this proceeds from desire.
अक्रोधेन जयेत्क्रोधमसाधुं साधुना जयेत् ।
जयेत्कदर्यं दानेन जयेत्सत्येन चानृतम् ॥५८॥
58. akrodhena jayetkrodhamasādhuṁ sādhunā jayet ,
jayetkadaryaṁ dānena jayetsatyena cānṛtam.
58. akrodhena jayet krodham asādhum sādhunā jayet
jayet kadaryam dānena jayet satyena ca anṛtam
58. One should conquer anger with non-anger, and the wicked with goodness. One should conquer the miserly with generosity (dāna), and falsehood with truth.
स्त्रीधूर्तकेऽलसे भीरौ चण्डे पुरुषमानिनि ।
चौरे कृतघ्ने विश्वासो न कार्यो न च नास्तिके ॥५९॥
59. strīdhūrtake'lase bhīrau caṇḍe puruṣamānini ,
caure kṛtaghne viśvāso na kāryo na ca nāstike.
59. strīdhūrtake alase bhīrau caṇḍe puruṣamānini
caure kṛtaghne viśvāsaḥ na kāryaḥ na ca nāstike
59. One should not place trust in a womanizer, a lazy person, a coward, a fierce or violent person, one who is arrogantly proud of his masculinity, a thief, or an ungrateful person; nor in an atheist.
अभिवादनशीलस्य नित्यं वृद्धोपसेविनः ।
चत्वारि संप्रवर्धन्ते कीर्तिरायुर्यशोबलम् ॥६०॥
60. abhivādanaśīlasya nityaṁ vṛddhopasevinaḥ ,
catvāri saṁpravardhante kīrtirāyuryaśobalam.
60. abhivādanaśīlasya nityam vṛddhopasevinaḥ
catvāri sampravardhante kīrtiḥ āyuḥ yaśaḥ balam
60. For one who is by nature respectful and constantly serves the elders, four things always increase: fame, longevity, glory, and strength.
अतिक्लेशेन येऽर्थाः स्युर्धर्मस्यातिक्रमेण च ।
अरेर्वा प्रणिपातेन मा स्म तेषु मनः कृथाः ॥६१॥
61. atikleśena ye'rthāḥ syurdharmasyātikrameṇa ca ,
arervā praṇipātena mā sma teṣu manaḥ kṛthāḥ.
61. atīkleśena ye arthāḥ syuḥ dharmasya atikrameṇa
ca areḥ vā praṇipātena mā sma teṣu manaḥ kṛthāḥ
61. Do not set your mind on those acquisitions that come with excessive effort, or through transgression of natural law (dharma), or by bowing down to an enemy.
अविद्यः पुरुषः शोच्यः शोच्यं मिथुनमप्रजम् ।
निराहाराः प्रजाः शोच्याः शोच्यं राष्ट्रमराजकम् ॥६२॥
62. avidyaḥ puruṣaḥ śocyaḥ śocyaṁ mithunamaprajam ,
nirāhārāḥ prajāḥ śocyāḥ śocyaṁ rāṣṭramarājakam.
62. avidyaḥ puruṣaḥ śocyaḥ śocyam mithunam aprajam
nirāhārāḥ prajāḥ śocyāḥ śocyam rāṣṭram arājakam
62. A man who is ignorant (avidya) is to be pitied; a childless couple is to be pitied; people suffering from starvation are to be pitied; and a nation without a ruler is to be pitied.
अध्वा जरा देहवतां पर्वतानां जलं जरा ।
असंभोगो जरा स्त्रीणां वाक्शल्यं मनसो जरा ॥६३॥
63. adhvā jarā dehavatāṁ parvatānāṁ jalaṁ jarā ,
asaṁbhogo jarā strīṇāṁ vākśalyaṁ manaso jarā.
63. adhvā jarā dehavatām parvatānām jalam jarā
asaṃbhogaḥ jarā strīṇām vākśalyam manasaḥ jarā
63. Travel is the old age for embodied beings; water is the old age for mountains. Lack of enjoyment is the old age for women, and a verbal arrow is the old age for the mind.
अनाम्नायमला वेदा ब्राह्मणस्याव्रतं मलम् ।
कौतूहलमला साध्वी विप्रवासमलाः स्त्रियः ॥६४॥
64. anāmnāyamalā vedā brāhmaṇasyāvrataṁ malam ,
kautūhalamalā sādhvī vipravāsamalāḥ striyaḥ.
64. anāmnāyamalāḥ vedāḥ brāhmaṇasya avratam malam
kautūhalamalā sādhvī vipravāsamalāḥ striyaḥ
64. The Vedas, when not studied, become impure; a lack of vows (avratam) is an impurity for a brahmin. Excessive curiosity (kautūhalam) is an impurity for a virtuous woman, and a long separation from her husband (vipravāsa) is an impurity for women.
सुवर्णस्य मलं रूप्यं रूप्यस्यापि मलं त्रपु ।
ज्ञेयं त्रपुमलं सीसं सीसस्यापि मलं मलम् ॥६५॥
65. suvarṇasya malaṁ rūpyaṁ rūpyasyāpi malaṁ trapu ,
jñeyaṁ trapumalaṁ sīsaṁ sīsasyāpi malaṁ malam.
65. suvarṇasya malam rūpyam rūpyasya api malam trapu
jñeyam trapumalam sīsam sīsasya api malam malam
65. Silver is the impurity of gold. Similarly, lead is the impurity of silver. Tin is to be understood as the impurity of lead, and the impurity of tin is indeed the greatest impurity (mala).
न स्वप्नेन जयेन्निद्रां न कामेन स्त्रियं जयेत् ।
नेन्धनेन जयेदग्निं न पानेन सुरां जयेत् ॥६६॥
66. na svapnena jayennidrāṁ na kāmena striyaṁ jayet ,
nendhanena jayedagniṁ na pānena surāṁ jayet.
66. na svapnena jayet nidrām na kāmena striyam jayet
na indhanena jayet agnim na pānena surām jayet
66. One should not try to overcome sleep by (more) sleep (or dreams). One should not overcome a woman by (sexual) desire (kāma). One should not extinguish fire with fuel. And one should not conquer liquor by drinking it.
यस्य दानजितं मित्रममित्रा युधि निर्जिताः ।
अन्नपानजिता दाराः सफलं तस्य जीवितम् ॥६७॥
67. yasya dānajitaṁ mitramamitrā yudhi nirjitāḥ ,
annapānajitā dārāḥ saphalaṁ tasya jīvitam.
67. yasya dānajitam mitram amitrāḥ yudhi nirjitāḥ
annapānajitāḥ dārāḥ saphalam tasya jīvitam
67. A person whose friends are won over by generosity (dāna), whose enemies are defeated in battle, and whose wife is pleased by food and drink - that person's life is fruitful.
सहस्रिणोऽपि जीवन्ति जीवन्ति शतिनस्तथा ।
धृतराष्ट्रं विमुञ्चेच्छां न कथंचिन्न जीव्यते ॥६८॥
68. sahasriṇo'pi jīvanti jīvanti śatinastathā ,
dhṛtarāṣṭraṁ vimuñcecchāṁ na kathaṁcinna jīvyate.
68. sahasriṇaḥ api jīvanti jīvanti śatinaḥ tathā
dhṛtarāṣṭra vimuñca icchām na kathaṃcit na jīvyate
68. Even those with thousands live, and similarly, those with hundreds live. O Dhritarashtra, abandon your desires, for life is certainly lived somehow or another (by everyone).
यत्पृथिव्यां व्रीहियवं हिरण्यं पशवः स्त्रियः ।
नालमेकस्य तत्सर्वमिति पश्यन्न मुह्यति ॥६९॥
69. yatpṛthivyāṁ vrīhiyavaṁ hiraṇyaṁ paśavaḥ striyaḥ ,
nālamekasya tatsarvamiti paśyanna muhyati.
69. yat pṛthivyām vrīhiyavam hiraṇyam paśavaḥ striyaḥ
na alam ekasya tat sarvam iti paśyan na muhyati
69. Whatever rice, barley, gold, cattle, and women exist on earth, all of that is not sufficient for a single person. One who perceives this truth does not become deluded.
राजन्भूयो ब्रवीमि त्वां पुत्रेषु सममाचर ।
समता यदि ते राजन्स्वेषु पाण्डुसुतेषु च ॥७०॥
70. rājanbhūyo bravīmi tvāṁ putreṣu samamācara ,
samatā yadi te rājansveṣu pāṇḍusuteṣu ca.
70. rājan bhūyaḥ bravīmi tvām putreṣu samam ācara
samatā yadi te rājan sveṣu pāṇḍusuteṣu ca
70. O King, I tell you again: act impartially towards your sons. O King, let there be impartiality in you towards your own sons and the sons of Pāṇḍu.