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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-50

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ब्रह्मोवाच ।
भूतानामथ पञ्चानां यथैषामीश्वरं मनः ।
नियमे च विसर्गे च भूतात्मा मन एव च ॥१॥
1. brahmovāca ,
bhūtānāmatha pañcānāṁ yathaiṣāmīśvaraṁ manaḥ ,
niyame ca visarge ca bhūtātmā mana eva ca.
1. brahmā uvāca bhūtānām atha pañcānām yathā eṣām īśvaram
manaḥ niyame ca visarge ca bhūtātmā manaḥ eva ca
1. brahmā uvāca.
atha pañcānām bhūtānām eṣām yathā manaḥ īśvaram niyame ca visarge ca,
ca manaḥ eva bhūtātmā.
1. Brahmā said: Now, concerning the five elements, how the mind (manas) is their lord, both in their regulation and their emanation. Indeed, the mind (manas) itself is the inner essence (ātman) of beings.
अधिष्ठाता मनो नित्यं भूतानां महतां तथा ।
बुद्धिरैश्वर्यमाचष्टे क्षेत्रज्ञः सर्व उच्यते ॥२॥
2. adhiṣṭhātā mano nityaṁ bhūtānāṁ mahatāṁ tathā ,
buddhiraiśvaryamācaṣṭe kṣetrajñaḥ sarva ucyate.
2. adhiṣṭhātā manaḥ nityam bhūtānām mahatām tathā
buddhiḥ aiśvaryam ācaṣṭe kṣetrajñaḥ sarvaḥ ucyate
2. manaḥ nityam adhiṣṭhātā,
tathā mahatām bhūtānām.
buddhiḥ aiśvaryam ācaṣṭe,
kṣetrajñaḥ sarvaḥ ucyate.
2. The mind (manas) is always the presiding controller, and similarly, it is the controller of the great elements. The intellect (buddhi) manifests supremacy, and the knower of the field (kṣetrajña) is called the All.
इन्द्रियाणि मनो युङ्क्ते सदश्वानिव सारथिः ।
इन्द्रियाणि मनो बुद्धिं क्षेत्रज्ञो युञ्जते सदा ॥३॥
3. indriyāṇi mano yuṅkte sadaśvāniva sārathiḥ ,
indriyāṇi mano buddhiṁ kṣetrajño yuñjate sadā.
3. indriyāṇi manaḥ yuṅkte sat aśvān iva sārathiḥ
indriyāṇi manaḥ buddhim kṣetrajñaḥ yuñjate sadā
3. sārathiḥ sat aśvān iva manaḥ indriyāṇi yuṅkte.
kṣetrajñaḥ sadā indriyāṇi manaḥ buddhim yuñjate.
3. Just as a charioteer harnesses good horses, the mind (manas) controls the senses. Similarly, the knower of the field (kṣetrajña) always controls the senses, the mind (manas), and the intellect (buddhi).
महाभूतसमायुक्तं बुद्धिसंयमनं रथम् ।
तमारुह्य स भूतात्मा समन्तात्परिधावति ॥४॥
4. mahābhūtasamāyuktaṁ buddhisaṁyamanaṁ ratham ,
tamāruhya sa bhūtātmā samantātparidhāvati.
4. mahābhūtasamāyuktam buddhisaṃyamanam ratham
tam āruhya sa bhūtātmā samantāt paridhāvati
4. The individual soul (ātman) mounts that chariot, which is composed of the great elements and controlled by the intellect, and then roams about everywhere.
इन्द्रियग्रामसंयुक्तो मनःसारथिरेव च ।
बुद्धिसंयमनो नित्यं महान्ब्रह्ममयो रथः ॥५॥
5. indriyagrāmasaṁyukto manaḥsārathireva ca ,
buddhisaṁyamano nityaṁ mahānbrahmamayo rathaḥ.
5. indriyagrāmasamyuktaḥ manaḥsārathiḥ eva ca
buddhisaṃyamanaḥ nityam mahān brahmamayaḥ rathaḥ
5. Indeed, this great chariot, which is endowed with the multitude of senses, has the mind as its charioteer, is always controlled by the intellect, and consists of (brahman).
एवं यो वेत्ति विद्वान्वै सदा ब्रह्ममयं रथम् ।
स धीरः सर्वलोकेषु न मोहमधिगच्छति ॥६॥
6. evaṁ yo vetti vidvānvai sadā brahmamayaṁ ratham ,
sa dhīraḥ sarvalokeṣu na mohamadhigacchati.
6. evam yaḥ vetti vidvān vai sadā brahmamayam ratham
sa dhīraḥ sarvalokeṣu na moham adhigacchati
6. Indeed, that wise person who always knows this chariot to be consisting of (brahman) in this manner, that steadfast one does not fall into delusion in any of the worlds.
अव्यक्तादि विशेषान्तं त्रसस्थावरसंकुलम् ।
चन्द्रसूर्यप्रभालोकं ग्रहनक्षत्रमण्डितम् ॥७॥
7. avyaktādi viśeṣāntaṁ trasasthāvarasaṁkulam ,
candrasūryaprabhālokaṁ grahanakṣatramaṇḍitam.
7. avyaktādi viśeṣāntam trasasthāvarasaṅkulam
candrasūryaprabhālokam grahanakṣatramaṇḍitam
7. It is from the unmanifest (avyakta) beginning up to the manifest end; it is crowded with moving and unmoving beings; it is illuminated by the radiance of the moon and the sun; and it is adorned with planets and constellations.
नदीपर्वतजालैश्च सर्वतः परिभूषितम् ।
विविधाभिस्तथाद्भिश्च सततं समलंकृतम् ॥८॥
8. nadīparvatajālaiśca sarvataḥ paribhūṣitam ,
vividhābhistathādbhiśca satataṁ samalaṁkṛtam.
8. nadīparvatajālaiḥ ca sarvataḥ paribhūṣitam
vividhābhiḥ tathā adbhiḥ satataṃ samalaṅkṛtam
8. sarvataḥ nadīparvatajālaiḥ ca vividhābhiḥ
adbhiḥ tathā satataṃ paribhūṣitam samalaṅkṛtam
8. It is adorned everywhere with networks of rivers and mountains, and constantly embellished by various waters.
आजीवः सर्वभूतानां सर्वप्राणभृतां गतिः ।
एतद्ब्रह्मवनं नित्यं यस्मिंश्चरति क्षेत्रवित् ॥९॥
9. ājīvaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ sarvaprāṇabhṛtāṁ gatiḥ ,
etadbrahmavanaṁ nityaṁ yasmiṁścarati kṣetravit.
9. ājīvaḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ sarvaprāṇabhṛtāṃ gatiḥ
etat brahmavanaṃ nityaṃ yasmin carati kṣetravit
9. sarvabhūtānāṃ sarvaprāṇabhṛtāṃ ājīvaḥ gatiḥ etat nityaṃ brahmavanaṃ,
yasmin kṣetravit carati
9. This is the livelihood of all beings and the resort of all living creatures. This is the eternal Brahman-forest, in which the knower of the field (kṣetravit) dwells.
लोकेऽस्मिन्यानि भूतानि स्थावराणि चराणि च ।
तान्येवाग्रे प्रलीयन्ते पश्चाद्भूतकृता गुणाः ।
गुणेभ्यः पञ्चभूतानि एष भूतसमुच्छ्रयः ॥१०॥
10. loke'sminyāni bhūtāni sthāvarāṇi carāṇi ca ,
tānyevāgre pralīyante paścādbhūtakṛtā guṇāḥ ,
guṇebhyaḥ pañcabhūtāni eṣa bhūtasamucchrayaḥ.
10. loke asmin yāni bhūtāni sthāvarāṇi
carāṇi ca tāni eva agre pralīyante
paścāt bhūtakṛtāḥ guṇāḥ guṇebhyaḥ
pañcabhūtāni eṣaḥ bhūtasamucchrayaḥ
10. asmin loke yāni sthāvarāṇi ca carāṇi ca bhūtāni tāni eva agre pralīyante.
paścāt bhūtakṛtāḥ guṇāḥ (pralīyante).
guṇebhyaḥ pañcabhūtāni (bhavanti).
eṣaḥ bhūtasamucchrayaḥ (asti).
10. In this world, all beings, both stationary and mobile, first dissolve. Afterwards, the elemental qualities (guṇa) [also dissolve]. From these qualities (guṇa) arise the five great elements (pañcabhūta). This is the aggregate evolution of existence.
देवा मनुष्या गन्धर्वाः पिशाचासुरराक्षसाः ।
सर्वे स्वभावतः सृष्टा न क्रियाभ्यो न कारणात् ॥११॥
11. devā manuṣyā gandharvāḥ piśācāsurarākṣasāḥ ,
sarve svabhāvataḥ sṛṣṭā na kriyābhyo na kāraṇāt.
11. devāḥ manuṣyāḥ gandharvāḥ piśācāsurarākṣasāḥ
sarve svabhāvataḥ sṛṣṭāḥ na kriyābhyaḥ na kāraṇāt
11. devāḥ manuṣyāḥ gandharvāḥ piśācāsurarākṣasāḥ sarve svabhāvataḥ sṛṣṭāḥ,
na kriyābhyaḥ na kāraṇāt
11. Gods, humans, gandharvas, piśācas, asuras, and rākṣasas – all are created by their intrinsic nature (svabhāva), not by actions, nor by any specific cause.
एते विश्वकृतो विप्रा जायन्ते ह पुनः पुनः ।
तेभ्यः प्रसूतास्तेष्वेव महाभूतेषु पञ्चसु ।
प्रलीयन्ते यथाकालमूर्मयः सागरे यथा ॥१२॥
12. ete viśvakṛto viprā jāyante ha punaḥ punaḥ ,
tebhyaḥ prasūtāsteṣveva mahābhūteṣu pañcasu ,
pralīyante yathākālamūrmayaḥ sāgare yathā.
12. ete viśvakṛtaḥ viprāḥ jāyante ha
punaḥ punaḥ tebhyaḥ prasūtāḥ teṣu
eva mahābhūteṣu pañcasu pralīyante
yathākālam ūrmayaḥ sāgare yathā
12. ete viśvakṛtaḥ viprāḥ ha punaḥ
punaḥ jāyante tebhyaḥ prasūtāḥ teṣu
eva pañcasu mahābhūteṣu yathākālam
pralīyante yathā ūrmayaḥ sāgare
12. These wise (vipra) creators of the universe are indeed born again and again. What is born from them dissolves into those very five great elements (mahābhūta) in due course, just as waves merge into the ocean.
विश्वसृग्भ्यस्तु भूतेभ्यो महाभूतानि गच्छति ।
भूतेभ्यश्चापि पञ्चभ्यो मुक्तो गच्छेत्प्रजापतिम् ॥१३॥
13. viśvasṛgbhyastu bhūtebhyo mahābhūtāni gacchati ,
bhūtebhyaścāpi pañcabhyo mukto gacchetprajāpatim.
13. viśvasṛgbhyaḥ tu bhūtebhyaḥ mahābhūtāni gacchati
bhūtebhyaḥ ca api pañcabhyaḥ muktaḥ gacchet prajāpatim
13. tu viśvasṛgbhyaḥ bhūtebhyaḥ mahābhūtāni gacchati ca
api pañcabhyaḥ bhūtebhyaḥ muktaḥ prajāpatim gacchet
13. Indeed, from the universal creators (viśvasṛj) and from beings (bhūta), one proceeds towards the great elements (mahābhūta). And from these five elements, a liberated one (mukta) attains Prajāpati.
प्रजापतिरिदं सर्वं तपसैवासृजत्प्रभुः ।
तथैव वेदानृषयस्तपसा प्रतिपेदिरे ॥१४॥
14. prajāpatiridaṁ sarvaṁ tapasaivāsṛjatprabhuḥ ,
tathaiva vedānṛṣayastapasā pratipedire.
14. prajāpatiḥ idam sarvam tapasā eva asṛjat prabhuḥ
tathā eva vedān ṛṣayaḥ tapasā pratipedire
14. prabhuḥ prajāpatiḥ idam sarvam tapasā eva asṛjat
tathā eva ṛṣayaḥ vedān tapasā pratipedire
14. Lord Prajāpati indeed created all this by means of austerity (tapas). Similarly, the sages (ṛṣi) realized the Vedas (veda) through austerity (tapas).
तपसश्चानुपूर्व्येण फलमूलाशिनस्तथा ।
त्रैलोक्यं तपसा सिद्धाः पश्यन्तीह समाहिताः ॥१५॥
15. tapasaścānupūrvyeṇa phalamūlāśinastathā ,
trailokyaṁ tapasā siddhāḥ paśyantīha samāhitāḥ.
15. tapasaḥ ca anupūrvyeṇa phalamūlāśinaḥ tathā
trailokyam tapasā siddhāḥ paśyanti iha samāhitāḥ
15. ca tapasaḥ anupūrvyeṇa tathā phalamūlāśinaḥ
samāhitāḥ siddhāḥ iha tapasā trailokyam paśyanti
15. And through the successive practice of austerity (tapas), those perfected ones (siddha) who subsist on fruits and roots, being concentrated (samāhita), perceive the three worlds (trailokya) right here through their austerity (tapas).
ओषधान्यगदादीनी नानाविद्याश्च सर्वशः ।
तपसैव प्रसिध्यन्ति तपोमूलं हि साधनम् ॥१६॥
16. oṣadhānyagadādīnī nānāvidyāśca sarvaśaḥ ,
tapasaiva prasidhyanti tapomūlaṁ hi sādhanam.
16. oṣadhānyagadādīnī nānāvidyāḥ ca sarvaśaḥ tapasā
eva prasidhyanti tapaḥ mūlam hi sādhanam
16. Herbs, remedies, and various sciences are all perfected solely through ascetic practice (tapas). Indeed, ascetic practice (tapas) is the very foundation of all accomplishment.
यद्दुरापं दुराम्नायं दुराधर्षं दुरन्वयम् ।
तत्सर्वं तपसा साध्यं तपो हि दुरतिक्रमम् ॥१७॥
17. yaddurāpaṁ durāmnāyaṁ durādharṣaṁ duranvayam ,
tatsarvaṁ tapasā sādhyaṁ tapo hi duratikramam.
17. yat durāpam durāmnāyam durādharṣam duranvayam
tat sarvam tapasā sādhyam tapaḥ hi duratikramam
17. Whatever is difficult to obtain, difficult to comprehend, difficult to overpower, or difficult to explain - all that can be achieved through ascetic practice (tapas). Indeed, ascetic practice (tapas) is insurmountable.
सुरापो ब्रह्महा स्तेयी भ्रूणहा गुरुतल्पगः ।
तपसैव सुतप्तेन मुच्यन्ते किल्बिषात्ततः ॥१८॥
18. surāpo brahmahā steyī bhrūṇahā gurutalpagaḥ ,
tapasaiva sutaptena mucyante kilbiṣāttataḥ.
18. surāpaḥ brahmahā steyī bhrūṇahā gurutalpagaḥ
tapasā eva sutaptena mucyante kilbiṣāt tataḥ
18. A drinker of wine, a slayer of a brahmin, a thief, a destroyer of an embryo (bhrūṇahā), and one who violates the teacher's wife - they are all liberated from their misdeeds solely through intensely performed ascetic practice (tapas).
मनुष्याः पितरो देवाः पशवो मृगपक्षिणः ।
यानि चान्यानि भूतानि त्रसानि स्थावराणि च ॥१९॥
19. manuṣyāḥ pitaro devāḥ paśavo mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ ,
yāni cānyāni bhūtāni trasāni sthāvarāṇi ca.
19. manuṣyāḥ pitaraḥ devāḥ paśavaḥ mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ
yāni ca anyāni bhūtāni trasāni sthāvarāṇi ca
19. Humans, ancestors, gods, domesticated animals, wild animals and birds - and whatever other beings exist, both mobile and stationary.
तपःपरायणा नित्यं सिध्यन्ते तपसा सदा ।
तथैव तपसा देवा महाभागा दिवं गताः ॥२०॥
20. tapaḥparāyaṇā nityaṁ sidhyante tapasā sadā ,
tathaiva tapasā devā mahābhāgā divaṁ gatāḥ.
20. tapaḥparāyaṇā nityam sidhyante tapasā sadā
tathā eva tapasā devā mahābhāgā divam gatāḥ
20. Those who are constantly devoted to ascetic practice (tapas) always achieve success through such practice. Similarly, the highly fortunate gods attained heaven through their ascetic practice (tapas).
आशीर्युक्तानि कर्माणि कुर्वते ये त्वतन्द्रिताः ।
अहंकारसमायुक्तास्ते सकाशे प्रजापतेः ॥२१॥
21. āśīryuktāni karmāṇi kurvate ye tvatandritāḥ ,
ahaṁkārasamāyuktāste sakāśe prajāpateḥ.
21. āśīḥ yuktāni karmāṇi kurvate ye tu atandritāḥ
ahaṃkārasamāyuktāḥ te sakāśe prajāpateḥ
21. But those who diligently perform actions (karma) motivated by desires for blessings, being possessed of ego (ahaṃkāra), they remain in the presence of Prajāpati.
ध्यानयोगेन शुद्धेन निर्ममा निरहंकृताः ।
प्राप्नुवन्ति महात्मानो महान्तं लोकमुत्तमम् ॥२२॥
22. dhyānayogena śuddhena nirmamā nirahaṁkṛtāḥ ,
prāpnuvanti mahātmāno mahāntaṁ lokamuttamam.
22. dhyānayogena śuddhena nirmamā nirahaṃkṛtāḥ
prāpnuvanti mahātmānaḥ mahāntam lokam uttamam
22. Great souls, who are pure, free from possessiveness, and free from ego (ahaṃkāra), attain a great and supreme realm through the pure practice of meditative discipline (dhyāna-yoga).
ध्यानयोगादुपागम्य प्रसन्नमतयः सदा ।
सुखोपचयमव्यक्तं प्रविशन्त्यात्मवत्तया ॥२३॥
23. dhyānayogādupāgamya prasannamatayaḥ sadā ,
sukhopacayamavyaktaṁ praviśantyātmavattayā.
23. dhyānayogāt upāgamya prasannamatayaḥ sadā
sukhopacayam avyaktam praviśanti ātmavattayā
23. Always having attained serenity through meditative discipline (dhyāna-yoga), those with tranquil minds enter the unmanifest state of increasing happiness by virtue of their self-mastery (ātmavattayā).
ध्यानयोगादुपागम्य निर्ममा निरहंकृताः ।
अव्यक्तं प्रविशन्तीह महान्तं लोकमुत्तमम् ॥२४॥
24. dhyānayogādupāgamya nirmamā nirahaṁkṛtāḥ ,
avyaktaṁ praviśantīha mahāntaṁ lokamuttamam.
24. dhyānayogāt upāgamya nirmamāḥ nirahaṅkṛtāḥ
avyaktaṃ praviśanti iha mahāntaṃ lokam uttamam
24. nirmamāḥ nirahaṅkṛtāḥ dhyānayogāt upāgamya
iha mahāntaṃ uttamam avyaktaṃ lokam praviśanti
24. Through the spiritual discipline (yoga) of meditation (dhyāna), having become free from possessiveness and ego (ahaṅkāra), they enter here the great, supreme, unmanifest (avyakta) realm.
अव्यक्तादेव संभूतः समयज्ञो गतः पुनः ।
तमोरजोभ्यां निर्मुक्तः सत्त्वमास्थाय केवलम् ॥२५॥
25. avyaktādeva saṁbhūtaḥ samayajño gataḥ punaḥ ,
tamorajobhyāṁ nirmuktaḥ sattvamāsthāya kevalam.
25. avyaktāt eva saṃbhūtaḥ samayajñaḥ gataḥ punaḥ
tamorajo-bhyām nirmuktaḥ sattvam āsthāya kevalam
25. avyaktāt eva saṃbhūtaḥ samayajñaḥ punaḥ gataḥ
tamorajo-bhyām nirmuktaḥ kevalam sattvam āsthāya
25. One who has indeed arisen from the unmanifest (avyakta) and departed again (from the cycle of rebirth), having understood the true nature of things, such a one, liberated from the qualities of darkness (tamas) and passion (rajas), becomes established solely in purity (sattva).
विमुक्तः सर्वपापेभ्यः सर्वं त्यजति निष्कलः ।
क्षेत्रज्ञ इति तं विद्याद्यस्तं वेद स वेदवित् ॥२६॥
26. vimuktaḥ sarvapāpebhyaḥ sarvaṁ tyajati niṣkalaḥ ,
kṣetrajña iti taṁ vidyādyastaṁ veda sa vedavit.
26. vimuktaḥ sarvapāpebhyaḥ sarvaṃ tyajati niṣkalaḥ
kṣetrajñaḥ iti taṃ vidyāt yaḥ taṃ veda saḥ vedavit
26. vimuktaḥ sarvapāpebhyaḥ sarvaṃ tyajati niṣkalaḥ
taṃ kṣetrajñaḥ iti vidyāt yaḥ taṃ veda saḥ vedavit
26. Liberated from all sins, he abandons everything and is unblemished. One should know him as the knower of the field (kṣetrajña). He who knows that [knower of the field] is truly a knower of the Vedas.
चित्तं चित्तादुपागम्य मुनिरासीत संयतः ।
यच्चित्तस्तन्मना भूत्वा गुह्यमेतत्सनातनम् ॥२७॥
27. cittaṁ cittādupāgamya munirāsīta saṁyataḥ ,
yaccittastanmanā bhūtvā guhyametatsanātanam.
27. cittaṃ cittāt upāgamya muniḥ āsīta saṃyataḥ yat
cittaḥ tat manāḥ bhūtvā guhyam etat sanātanam
27. saṃyataḥ muniḥ cittaṃ cittāt upāgamya āsīta
guhyam etat sanātanam yat cittaḥ tat manāḥ bhūtvā
27. A self-controlled sage (muni), having withdrawn the mind (citta) from its [external] objects, should sit. Having become one whose mind and thoughts are fixed on this eternal secret, [one realizes it].
अव्यक्तादि विशेषान्तमविद्यालक्षणं स्मृतम् ।
निबोधत यथा हीदं गुणैर्लक्षणमित्युत ॥२८॥
28. avyaktādi viśeṣāntamavidyālakṣaṇaṁ smṛtam ,
nibodhata yathā hīdaṁ guṇairlakṣaṇamityuta.
28. avyaktādi viśeṣāntam avidyālakṣaṇam smṛtam
nibodhata yathā hi idam guṇaiḥ lakṣaṇam iti uta
28. That which extends from the unmanifest to the specific is traditionally understood to be characterized by ignorance (avidyā). Therefore, understand how this, too, is defined by the [three] qualities (guṇas).
द्व्यक्षरस्तु भवेन्मृत्युस्त्र्यक्षरं ब्रह्म शाश्वतम् ।
ममेति च भवेन्मृत्युर्न ममेति च शाश्वतम् ॥२९॥
29. dvyakṣarastu bhavenmṛtyustryakṣaraṁ brahma śāśvatam ,
mameti ca bhavenmṛtyurna mameti ca śāśvatam.
29. dvyakṣaraḥ tu bhavet mṛtyuḥ tryakṣaram brahma śāśvatam
mama iti ca bhavet mṛtyuḥ na mama iti ca śāśvatam
29. Death is said to be two syllables, while the eternal (brahman) is three syllables. The assertion 'this is mine' (mama) verily becomes death, and the assertion 'this is not mine' (na mama) verily leads to the eternal (brahman).
कर्म केचित्प्रशंसन्ति मन्दबुद्धितरा नराः ।
ये तु बुद्धा महात्मानो न प्रशंसन्ति कर्म ते ॥३०॥
30. karma kecitpraśaṁsanti mandabuddhitarā narāḥ ,
ye tu buddhā mahātmāno na praśaṁsanti karma te.
30. karma kecit praśaṃsanti mandabuddhitaraḥ narāḥ
ye tu buddhāḥ mahātmānaḥ na praśaṃsanti karma te
30. Some dull-witted men praise ritual action (karma). But those who are enlightened, the great souls (mahātman), they do not praise action (karma).
कर्मणा जायते जन्तुर्मूर्तिमान्षोडशात्मकः ।
पुरुषं सृजतेऽविद्या अग्राह्यममृताशिनम् ॥३१॥
31. karmaṇā jāyate janturmūrtimānṣoḍaśātmakaḥ ,
puruṣaṁ sṛjate'vidyā agrāhyamamṛtāśinam.
31. karmaṇā jāyate jantuḥ mūrtimān ṣoḍaśātmakaḥ
puruṣam sṛjate avidyā agrāhyam amṛtāśinam
31. By means of past action (karma), a living being is born, endowed with a form and consisting of sixteen constituents. Ignorance (avidyā) creates this individual person (puruṣa), who is indeed imperceptible and partakes of immortality.
तस्मात्कर्मसु निःस्नेहा ये केचित्पारदर्शिनः ।
विद्यामयोऽयं पुरुषो न तु कर्ममयः स्मृतः ॥३२॥
32. tasmātkarmasu niḥsnehā ye kecitpāradarśinaḥ ,
vidyāmayo'yaṁ puruṣo na tu karmamayaḥ smṛtaḥ.
32. tasmāt karmasu niḥsnehaḥ ye kecit pāradarśinaḥ
vidyāmayaḥ ayam puruṣaḥ na tu karmamayaḥ smṛtaḥ
32. tasmāt ye kecit pāradarśinaḥ karmasu niḥsnehaḥ
ayam puruṣaḥ vidyāmayaḥ tu karmamayaḥ na smṛtaḥ
32. Therefore, those discerning ones who are free from attachment in actions (karma) understand this: this person (puruṣa) is considered to be constituted by knowledge, not by actions (karma) alone.
अपूर्वममृतं नित्यं य एनमविचारिणम् ।
य एनं विन्दतेऽऽत्मानमग्राह्यममृताशिनम् ।
अग्राह्योऽमृतो भवति य एभिः कारणैर्ध्रुवः ॥३३॥
33. apūrvamamṛtaṁ nityaṁ ya enamavicāriṇam ,
ya enaṁ vindate''tmānamagrāhyamamṛtāśinam ,
agrāhyo'mṛto bhavati ya ebhiḥ kāraṇairdhruvaḥ.
33. apūrvam amṛtam nityam ya enam
avicāriṇam ya enam vindate ātmanam
agrāhyam amṛtāśinam agrāhyaḥ amṛtaḥ
bhavati yaḥ ebhiḥ kāraṇaiḥ dhruvaḥ
33. yat apūrvam amṛtam nityam yat enam
avicāriṇam yaḥ enam agrāhyam amṛtāśinam
ātmānam vindate saḥ agrāhyaḥ amṛtaḥ
bhavati yaḥ ebhiḥ kāraṇaiḥ dhruvaḥ
33. That which is unprecedented, immortal, and eternal, and that (essence) which is beyond conceptual thought; he who realizes this self (ātman), which is both incomprehensible and partaking of immortality, himself becomes incomprehensible and immortal, being firmly established by these reasons.
अपोह्य सर्वसंकल्पान्संयम्यात्मानमात्मनि ।
स तद्ब्रह्म शुभं वेत्ति यस्माद्भूयो न विद्यते ॥३४॥
34. apohya sarvasaṁkalpānsaṁyamyātmānamātmani ,
sa tadbrahma śubhaṁ vetti yasmādbhūyo na vidyate.
34. apohya sarvasaṅkalpān saṃyamya ātmānam ātmani saḥ
tat brahma śubham vetti yasmāt bhūyaḥ na vidyate
34. sarvasaṅkalpān apohya ātmānam ātmani saṃyamya saḥ
tat śubham brahma vetti yasmāt bhūyaḥ na vidyate
34. Having renounced all mental constructs (saṅkalpa) and restrained the self (ātman) within the (higher) self, one truly knows that auspicious (brahman), beyond which nothing further exists.
प्रसादेनैव सत्त्वस्य प्रसादं समवाप्नुयात् ।
लक्षणं हि प्रसादस्य यथा स्यात्स्वप्नदर्शनम् ॥३५॥
35. prasādenaiva sattvasya prasādaṁ samavāpnuyāt ,
lakṣaṇaṁ hi prasādasya yathā syātsvapnadarśanam.
35. prasādena eva sattvasya prasādam samavāpnuyāt
lakṣaṇam hi prasādasya yathā syāt svapnadarśanam
35. sattvasya prasādena eva prasādam samavāpnuyāt hi
prasādasya lakṣaṇam yathā svapnadarśanam syāt
35. One should attain grace (prasāda) through the grace (prasāda) of the pure essence (sattva) alone. For, the characteristic of this grace is indeed like a dream vision.
गतिरेषा तु मुक्तानां ये ज्ञानपरिनिष्ठिताः ।
प्रवृत्तयश्च याः सर्वाः पश्यन्ति परिणामजाः ॥३६॥
36. gatireṣā tu muktānāṁ ye jñānapariniṣṭhitāḥ ,
pravṛttayaśca yāḥ sarvāḥ paśyanti pariṇāmajāḥ.
36. gatiḥ eṣā tu muktānāṁ ye jñānapariniṣṭhitāḥ
pravṛttayaḥ ca yāḥ sarvāḥ paśyanti pariṇāmajāḥ
36. eṣā tu muktānāṁ gatiḥ ye jñānapariniṣṭhitāḥ ca
yāḥ sarvāḥ pravṛttayaḥ pariṇāmajāḥ paśyanti
36. This indeed is the state for the liberated, who are firmly established in knowledge. They perceive all activities as arising from consequences.
एषा गतिरसक्तानामेष धर्मः सनातनः ।
एषा ज्ञानवतां प्राप्तिरेतद्वृत्तमनिन्दितम् ॥३७॥
37. eṣā gatirasaktānāmeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ,
eṣā jñānavatāṁ prāptiretadvṛttamaninditam.
37. eṣā gatiḥ asaktānām eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ
eṣā jñānavatām prāptiḥ etat vṛttam aninditam
37. eṣā asaktānām gatiḥ eṣa sanātanaḥ dharmaḥ
eṣā jñānavatām prāptiḥ etat aninditam vṛttam
37. This is the state of the unattached; this is the eternal natural law (dharma). This is the attainment of the wise; this is blameless conduct.
समेन सर्वभूतेषु निःस्पृहेण निराशिषा ।
शक्या गतिरियं गन्तुं सर्वत्र समदर्शिना ॥३८॥
38. samena sarvabhūteṣu niḥspṛheṇa nirāśiṣā ,
śakyā gatiriyaṁ gantuṁ sarvatra samadarśinā.
38. samena sarvabhūteṣu niḥspṛheṇa nirāśiṣā
śakyā gatiḥ iyaṁ gantuṁ sarvatra samadarśinā
38. iyam gatiḥ samena niḥspṛheṇa nirāśiṣā sarvatra
samadarśinā sarvabhūteṣu gantuṁ śakyā
38. This state can be attained by one who is equal toward all beings, free from desires, devoid of expectations, and who perceives equality everywhere.
एतद्वः सर्वमाख्यातं मया विप्रर्षिसत्तमाः ।
एवमाचरत क्षिप्रं ततः सिद्धिमवाप्स्यथ ॥३९॥
39. etadvaḥ sarvamākhyātaṁ mayā viprarṣisattamāḥ ,
evamācarata kṣipraṁ tataḥ siddhimavāpsyatha.
39. etat vaḥ sarvam ākhyātam mayā viprarṣisattamāḥ
evam ācarata kṣipram tataḥ siddhim avāpsyatha
39. viprarṣisattamāḥ mayā etat sarvam vaḥ ākhyātam
evam kṣipram ācarata tataḥ siddhim avāpsyatha
39. All this has been explained by me to you, O foremost Brahmin sages. Act thus quickly; then you will attain spiritual perfection (siddhi).
गुरुरुवाच ।
इत्युक्तास्ते तु मुनयो ब्रह्मणा गुरुणा तथा ।
कृतवन्तो महात्मानस्ततो लोकानवाप्नुवन् ॥४०॥
40. gururuvāca ,
ityuktāste tu munayo brahmaṇā guruṇā tathā ,
kṛtavanto mahātmānastato lokānavāpnuvan.
40. guruḥ uvāca iti uktāḥ te tu munayaḥ brahmaṇā guruṇā
tathā kṛtavantaḥ mahā-ātmānaḥ tataḥ lokān avāpnuvan
40. guruḥ uvāca brahmaṇā guruṇā tathā iti uktāḥ te tu
mahā-ātmānaḥ munayaḥ kṛtavantaḥ tataḥ lokān avāpnuvan
40. The preceptor (guru) said: Thus addressed by Brahmā, the revered teacher, those great-souled sages (muni) performed their duties and subsequently attained the higher realms.
त्वमप्येतन्महाभाग यथोक्तं ब्रह्मणो वचः ।
सम्यगाचर शुद्धात्मंस्ततः सिद्धिमवाप्स्यसि ॥४१॥
41. tvamapyetanmahābhāga yathoktaṁ brahmaṇo vacaḥ ,
samyagācara śuddhātmaṁstataḥ siddhimavāpsyasi.
41. tvam api etat mahā-bhāga yathā uktaṃ brahmaṇaḥ vacaḥ
samyak ācara śuddha-ātman tataḥ siddhim avāpsyasi
41. mahā-bhāga śuddha-ātman tvam api etat brahmaṇaḥ yathā
uktaṃ vacaḥ samyak ācara tataḥ siddhim avāpsyasi
41. "You too, O highly fortunate one, pure-souled one, should properly observe the word of Brahmā as it was spoken; thereafter, you will attain perfection (siddhi)."
वासुदेव उवाच ।
इत्युक्तः स तदा शिष्यो गुरुणा धर्ममुत्तमम् ।
चकार सर्वं कौन्तेय ततो मोक्षमवाप्तवान् ॥४२॥
42. vāsudeva uvāca ,
ityuktaḥ sa tadā śiṣyo guruṇā dharmamuttamam ,
cakāra sarvaṁ kaunteya tato mokṣamavāptavān.
42. vāsudevaḥ uvāca iti uktaḥ saḥ tadā śiṣyaḥ guruṇā dharmam
uttamam cakāra sarvam kaunteya tataḥ mokṣam avāptavān
42. vāsudevaḥ uvāca kaunteya tadā guruṇā iti uktaḥ saḥ śiṣyaḥ
sarvam uttamam dharmam cakāra tataḥ mokṣam avāptavān
42. Vāsudeva said: O son of Kuntī, that disciple, thus instructed by his preceptor (guru), then perfectly performed all his excellent duties (dharma) and thereafter attained final liberation (mokṣa).
कृतकृत्यश्च स तदा शिष्यः कुरुकुलोद्वह ।
तत्पदं समनुप्राप्तो यत्र गत्वा न शोचति ॥४३॥
43. kṛtakṛtyaśca sa tadā śiṣyaḥ kurukulodvaha ,
tatpadaṁ samanuprāpto yatra gatvā na śocati.
43. kṛtakṛtyaḥ ca saḥ tadā śiṣyaḥ kurukula-udvaha
tat padam samanuprāptaḥ yatra gatvā na śocati
43. ca kurukula-udvaha tadā saḥ śiṣyaḥ kṛtakṛtyaḥ
tat padam samanuprāptaḥ yatra gatvā na śocati
43. And that disciple, O upholder of the Kuru lineage, having fulfilled his purpose, then attained that supreme state (tat padam) where, having gone, one does not grieve.
अर्जुन उवाच ।
को न्वसौ ब्राह्मणः कृष्ण कश्च शिष्यो जनार्दन ।
श्रोतव्यं चेन्मयैतद्वै तत्त्वमाचक्ष्व मे विभो ॥४४॥
44. arjuna uvāca ,
ko nvasau brāhmaṇaḥ kṛṣṇa kaśca śiṣyo janārdana ,
śrotavyaṁ cenmayaitadvai tattvamācakṣva me vibho.
44. arjuna uvāca | kaḥ nu asau
brāhmaṇaḥ kṛṣṇa kaḥ ca śiṣyaḥ
janārdana | śrotavyam cet mayā etat
vai tattvam ācakṣva me vibho
44. arjuna uvāca kṛṣṇa janārdana kaḥ nu asau brāhmaṇaḥ ca kaḥ
śiṣyaḥ cet etat tattvam mayā vai śrotavyam me ācakṣva vibho
44. Arjuna said: "Who then is this Brahmin, Krishna? And who is the disciple, Janardana? If this truth is to be heard by me, O mighty one, then explain that truth to me."
वासुदेव उवाच ।
अहं गुरुर्महाबाहो मनः शिष्यं च विद्धि मे ।
त्वत्प्रीत्या गुह्यमेतच्च कथितं मे धनंजय ॥४५॥
45. vāsudeva uvāca ,
ahaṁ gururmahābāho manaḥ śiṣyaṁ ca viddhi me ,
tvatprītyā guhyametacca kathitaṁ me dhanaṁjaya.
45. vāsudeva uvāca | aham guruḥ mahābāho manaḥ śiṣyam ca viddhi
me | tvatprītyā guhyam etat ca kathitam me dhanañjaya
45. vāsudeva uvāca mahābāho viddhi aham guruḥ manaḥ ca me
śiṣyam dhanañjaya tvatprītyā etat guhyam ca me kathitam
45. Vasudeva said: "O mighty-armed one, know that I am the preceptor (guru) and the mind is my disciple. This secret, told by me to you, is due to your affection, O Dhananjaya."
मयि चेदस्ति ते प्रीतिर्नित्यं कुरुकुलोद्वह ।
अध्यात्ममेतच्छ्रुत्वा त्वं सम्यगाचर सुव्रत ॥४६॥
46. mayi cedasti te prītirnityaṁ kurukulodvaha ,
adhyātmametacchrutvā tvaṁ samyagācara suvrata.
46. mayi cet asti te prītiḥ nityam kurukulodvaha |
adhyātmam etat śrutvā tvam samyak ācara suvrata
46. mayi cet te prītiḥ nityam asti kurukulodvaha
suvratam tvam etat adhyātmam śrutvā samyak ācara
46. If you have constant affection for me, O upholder of the Kuru lineage, then having heard this concerning the supreme self (adhyātma), practice it properly, O one of good vows.
ततस्त्वं सम्यगाचीर्णे धर्मेऽस्मिन्कुरुनन्दन ।
सर्वपापविशुद्धात्मा मोक्षं प्राप्स्यसि केवलम् ॥४७॥
47. tatastvaṁ samyagācīrṇe dharme'sminkurunandana ,
sarvapāpaviśuddhātmā mokṣaṁ prāpsyasi kevalam.
47. tataḥ tvam samyak ācīrṇe dharme asmin kurunandana
| sarvapāpaviśuddhātmā mokṣam prāpsyasi kevalam
47. kurunandana tataḥ tvam asmin dharme samyak ācīrṇe
sarvapāpaviśuddhātmā kevalam mokṣam prāpsyasi
47. Then, O delight of the Kurus, when this natural law (dharma) has been properly practiced by you, with your self (ātman) purified of all sins, you will attain absolute liberation (mokṣa).
पूर्वमप्येतदेवोक्तं युद्धकाल उपस्थिते ।
मया तव महाबाहो तस्मादत्र मनः कुरु ॥४८॥
48. pūrvamapyetadevoktaṁ yuddhakāla upasthite ,
mayā tava mahābāho tasmādatra manaḥ kuru.
48. pūrvam api etat eva uktam yuddhakāle upasthite
mayā tava mahābāho tasmāt atra manaḥ kuru
48. mahābāho,
yuddhakāle upasthite pūrvam api etat eva mayā tava uktam.
tasmāt atra manaḥ kuru.
48. O mighty-armed one, this very thing was previously told to you by me when the time for battle was imminent. Therefore, focus your mind on this now.
मया तु भरतश्रेष्ठ चिरदृष्टः पिता विभो ।
तमहं द्रष्टुमिच्छामि संमते तव फल्गुन ॥४९॥
49. mayā tu bharataśreṣṭha ciradṛṣṭaḥ pitā vibho ,
tamahaṁ draṣṭumicchāmi saṁmate tava phalguna.
49. mayā tu bharataśreṣṭha ciradṛṣṭaḥ pitā vibho
tam aham draṣṭum icchāmi sammate tava phalguna
49. bharataśreṣṭha vibho,
mayā tu pitā ciradṛṣṭaḥ.
phalguna,
tava sammate aham tam draṣṭum icchāmi.
49. But, O best of the Bharatas, O lord, my father has been seen by me for a long time. O Phalguna, I wish to see him if you agree.
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
इत्युक्तवचनं कृष्णं प्रत्युवाच धनंजयः ।
गच्छावो नगरं कृष्ण गजसाह्वयमद्य वै ॥५०॥
50. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
ityuktavacanaṁ kṛṣṇaṁ pratyuvāca dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
gacchāvo nagaraṁ kṛṣṇa gajasāhvayamadya vai.
50. vaiśampāyana uvāca iti uktavacanam kṛṣṇam pratyuvāca
dhanañjayaḥ gacchāvaḥ nagaram kṛṣṇa gajasāhvayam adya vai
50. vaiśampāyana uvāca.
dhanañjayaḥ iti uktavacanam kṛṣṇam pratyuvāca: kṛṣṇa,
adya vai nagaram gajasāhvayam gacchāvaḥ.
50. Vaiśampāyana said: Dhananjaya replied to Krishna, who had spoken these words: 'O Krishna, let us both go to the city named Gajasa today itself.'
समेत्य तत्र राजानं धर्मात्मानं युधिष्ठिरम् ।
समनुज्ञाप्य दुर्धर्षं स्वां पुरीं यातुमर्हसि ॥५१॥
51. sametya tatra rājānaṁ dharmātmānaṁ yudhiṣṭhiram ,
samanujñāpya durdharṣaṁ svāṁ purīṁ yātumarhasi.
51. sametya tatra rājānam dharmātmānam yudhiṣṭhiram
samanujñāpya durdharṣam svām purīm yātum arhasi
51. tatra dharmātmānam durdharṣam rājānam yudhiṣṭhiram sametya,
samanujñāpya,
svām purīm yātum arhasi.
51. Having met there King Yudhiṣṭhira, the virtuous-souled (dharma) and invincible one, you should seek his permission and then go to your own city.