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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-19

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यदिदं सहधर्मेति प्रोच्यते भरतर्षभ ।
पाणिग्रहणकाले तु स्त्रीणामेतत्कथं स्मृतम् ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yadidaṁ sahadharmeti procyate bharatarṣabha ,
pāṇigrahaṇakāle tu strīṇāmetatkathaṁ smṛtam.
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca yat idam sahadharmā iti procyate
bharatarṣabha pāṇigrahaṇakāle tu strīṇām etat katham smṛtam
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca bharatarṣabha yat idam sahadharmā iti
procyate tat strīṇām pāṇigrahaṇakāle tu etat katham smṛtam
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O best of the Bhāratas, that which is referred to as 'joint participation in (dharma)', how is this principle applied to women at the time of their marriage (pāṇigrahaṇa)?"
आर्ष एष भवेद्धर्मः प्राजापत्योऽथ वासुरः ।
यदेतत्सहधर्मेति पूर्वमुक्तं महर्षिभिः ॥२॥
2. ārṣa eṣa bhaveddharmaḥ prājāpatyo'tha vāsuraḥ ,
yadetatsahadharmeti pūrvamuktaṁ maharṣibhiḥ.
2. ārṣa eṣaḥ bhavet dharmaḥ prājāpatyaḥ atha vā āsuraḥ
yat etat sahadharmā iti pūrvam uktam maharṣibhiḥ
2. maharṣibhiḥ pūrvam yat etat sahadharmā iti uktam eṣaḥ
dharmaḥ ārṣaḥ bhavet atha vā prājāpatyaḥ vā āsuraḥ
2. Is this (dharma), which was formerly declared as 'joint participation in (dharma)' by the great sages, a Vedic (ārṣa), a Prajāpati (prājāpatya), or an Asura (āsura) type of marriage (dharma)?
संदेहः सुमहानेष विरुद्ध इति मे मतिः ।
इह यः सहधर्मो वै प्रेत्यायं विहितः क्व नु ॥३॥
3. saṁdehaḥ sumahāneṣa viruddha iti me matiḥ ,
iha yaḥ sahadharmo vai pretyāyaṁ vihitaḥ kva nu.
3. saṃdehaḥ sumahān eṣaḥ viruddhaḥ iti me matiḥ iha
yaḥ sahadharmaḥ vai pretyā ayam vihitaḥ kva nu
3. eṣaḥ sumahān saṃdehaḥ me matiḥ iti viruddhaḥ iha
yaḥ sahadharmaḥ vai ayam pretyā kva nu vihitaḥ
3. This is indeed a very great doubt, and in my opinion, it is contradictory. The 'joint participation in (dharma)' that exists in this life, where then is this prescribed for the afterlife?
स्वर्गे मृतानां भवति सहधर्मः पितामह ।
पूर्वमेकस्तु म्रियते क्व चैकस्तिष्ठते वद ॥४॥
4. svarge mṛtānāṁ bhavati sahadharmaḥ pitāmaha ,
pūrvamekastu mriyate kva caikastiṣṭhate vada.
4. svarge mṛtānām bhavati sahadharmaḥ pitāmaha
pūrvam ekaḥ tu mriyate kva ca ekaḥ tiṣṭhate vada
4. pitāmaha mṛtānām sahadharmaḥ svarge bhavati
pūrvam ekaḥ tu mriyate ca ekaḥ kva tiṣṭhate vada
4. O Grandfather, the 'joint participation in (dharma)' of those who have died is said to exist in heaven. But if one person dies first, where does the other one remain? Please tell me.
नानाकर्मफलोपेता नानाकर्मनिवासिनः ।
नानानिरयनिष्ठान्ता मानुषा बहवो यदा ॥५॥
5. nānākarmaphalopetā nānākarmanivāsinaḥ ,
nānānirayaniṣṭhāntā mānuṣā bahavo yadā.
5. nānākarma-phalopetāḥ nānākarma-nivāsinaḥ
nānāniraya-niṣṭhāntāḥ mānuṣāḥ bahavaḥ yadā
5. yadā bahavaḥ mānuṣāḥ nānākarma-phalopetāḥ
nānākarma-nivāsinaḥ nānāniraya-niṣṭhāntāḥ
5. When many human beings are endowed with the results of various actions (karma), reside within diverse actions (karma), and ultimately find their end in various hells.
अनृताः स्त्रिय इत्येवं सूत्रकारो व्यवस्यति ।
यदानृताः स्त्रियस्तात सहधर्मः कुतः स्मृतः ॥६॥
6. anṛtāḥ striya ityevaṁ sūtrakāro vyavasyati ,
yadānṛtāḥ striyastāta sahadharmaḥ kutaḥ smṛtaḥ.
6. anṛtāḥ striyaḥ iti evam sūtrakāraḥ vyavasyati
yadā anṛtāḥ striyaḥ tāta sahadharmaḥ kutaḥ smṛtaḥ
6. sūtrakāraḥ iti evam striyaḥ anṛtāḥ vyavasyati
yadā tāta striyaḥ anṛtāḥ kutaḥ sahadharmaḥ smṛtaḥ
6. Thus, the aphorist (sūtrakāra) concludes that women are untruthful. O dear one, if women are indeed untruthful, how can a shared duty (sahadharma) be ordained?
अनृताः स्त्रिय इत्येवं वेदेष्वपि हि पठ्यते ।
धर्मोऽयं पौर्विकी संज्ञा उपचारः क्रियाविधिः ॥७॥
7. anṛtāḥ striya ityevaṁ vedeṣvapi hi paṭhyate ,
dharmo'yaṁ paurvikī saṁjñā upacāraḥ kriyāvidhiḥ.
7. anṛtāḥ striyaḥ iti evam vedeṣu api hi paṭhyate
dharmaḥ ayam paurvikī saṃjñā upacāraḥ kriyāvidhiḥ
7. hi vedeṣu api iti evam striyaḥ anṛtāḥ paṭhyate
ayam dharmaḥ paurvikī saṃjñā upacāraḥ kriyāvidhiḥ
7. Indeed, it is also read in the Vedas that women are untruthful. This (dharma) is an ancient designation, a conventional usage, and a rule for actions.
गह्वरं प्रतिभात्येतन्मम चिन्तयतोऽनिशम् ।
निःसंदेहमिदं सर्वं पितामह यथा श्रुतिः ॥८॥
8. gahvaraṁ pratibhātyetanmama cintayato'niśam ,
niḥsaṁdehamidaṁ sarvaṁ pitāmaha yathā śrutiḥ.
8. gahvaraṃ pratibhāti etat mama cintayataḥ aniśam
niḥsaṃdeham idam sarvam pitāmaha yathā śrutiḥ
8. mama aniśam cintayataḥ etat gahvaraṃ pratibhāti
pitāmaha idam sarvam niḥsaṃdeham yathā śrutiḥ
8. This appears profound to me as I ponder ceaselessly. All this is undoubtedly in accordance with the Vedic revelation (śruti), O grandfather.
यदेतद्यादृशं चैतद्यथा चैतत्प्रवर्तितम् ।
निखिलेन महाप्राज्ञ भवानेतद्ब्रवीतु मे ॥९॥
9. yadetadyādṛśaṁ caitadyathā caitatpravartitam ,
nikhilena mahāprājña bhavānetadbravītu me.
9. yat etat yādṛśam ca etat yathā ca etat pravartitam
| nikhilena mahāprājña bhavān etat bravītu me
9. mahāprājña bhavān etat yat etat ca yādṛśam etat
ca yathā pravartitam etat nikhilena me bravītu
9. O greatly wise one, please tell me completely what this is, what kind it is, and how it is manifested.
भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
अष्टावक्रस्य संवादं दिशया सह भारत ॥१०॥
10. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
aṣṭāvakrasya saṁvādaṁ diśayā saha bhārata.
10. bhīṣma uvāca | atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam | aṣṭāvakrasya saṃvādam diśayā saha bhārata
10. bhīṣma uvāca bhārata atra api imam purātanam itihāsam
aṣṭāvakrasya diśayā saha saṃvādam udāharanti
10. Bhishma said: O descendant of Bharata, in this regard, they also recount this ancient story: the dialogue of Aṣṭāvakra with Diśā.
निवेष्टुकामस्तु पुरा अष्टावक्रो महातपाः ।
ऋषेरथ वदान्यस्य कन्यां वव्रे महात्मनः ॥११॥
11. niveṣṭukāmastu purā aṣṭāvakro mahātapāḥ ,
ṛṣeratha vadānyasya kanyāṁ vavre mahātmanaḥ.
11. niveṣṭukāmaḥ tu purā aṣṭāvakraḥ mahātapaḥ |
ṛṣeḥ atha vadānyasya kanyām vavre mahātmanaḥ
11. purā tu niveṣṭukāmaḥ mahātapaḥ aṣṭāvakraḥ
atha vadānyasya mahātmanaḥ ṛṣeḥ kanyām vavre
11. Once, Aṣṭāvakra, a great ascetic (tapasvin) desirous of marrying, then asked for the daughter of the generous, high-souled sage.
सुप्रभां नाम वै नाम्ना रूपेणाप्रतिमां भुवि ।
गुणप्रबर्हां शीलेन साध्वीं चारित्रशोभनाम् ॥१२॥
12. suprabhāṁ nāma vai nāmnā rūpeṇāpratimāṁ bhuvi ,
guṇaprabarhāṁ śīlena sādhvīṁ cāritraśobhanām.
12. suprabhām nāma vai nāmnā rūpeṇa apratimām bhuvi
| guṇaprabarhām śīlena sādhvīm cāritraśobhanām
12. nāmnā vai suprabhām nāma rūpeṇa bhuvi apratimām
guṇaprabarhām śīlena sādhvīm cāritraśobhanām
12. Her name was Suprabhā, indeed, unequalled in beauty on earth, distinguished by virtues, righteous in character, and adorned with good conduct.
सा तस्य दृष्ट्वैव मनो जहार शुभलोचना ।
वनराजी यथा चित्रा वसन्ते कुसुमाचिता ॥१३॥
13. sā tasya dṛṣṭvaiva mano jahāra śubhalocanā ,
vanarājī yathā citrā vasante kusumācitā.
13. sā tasya dṛṣṭvā eva manaḥ jahāra śubhālocanā
yathā vanarājī citrā vasante kusumācitā
13. śubhālocanā sā tasya dṛṣṭvā eva manaḥ jahāra
yathā vasante kusumācitā citrā vanarājī
13. The beautiful-eyed woman, just by seeing him, captivated his mind, just as a vibrant forest grove covered with flowers in spring.
ऋषिस्तमाह देया मे सुता तुभ्यं शृणुष्व मे ।
गच्छ तावद्दिशं पुण्यामुत्तरां द्रक्ष्यसे ततः ॥१४॥
14. ṛṣistamāha deyā me sutā tubhyaṁ śṛṇuṣva me ,
gaccha tāvaddiśaṁ puṇyāmuttarāṁ drakṣyase tataḥ.
14. ṛṣiḥ tam āha deyā me sutā tubhyam śṛṇuṣva me
gaccha tāvat diśam puṇyām uttarām drakṣyase tataḥ
14. ṛṣiḥ tam āha me sutā tubhyam deyā me śṛṇuṣva
tāvat puṇyām uttarām diśam gaccha tataḥ drakṣyase
14. The sage said to him, "My daughter will be given to you. But first, listen to me: Go now to the sacred northern direction. You will see something there."
अष्टावक्र उवाच ।
किं द्रष्टव्यं मया तत्र वक्तुमर्हति मे भवान् ।
तथेदानीं मया कार्यं यथा वक्ष्यति मां भवान् ॥१५॥
15. aṣṭāvakra uvāca ,
kiṁ draṣṭavyaṁ mayā tatra vaktumarhati me bhavān ,
tathedānīṁ mayā kāryaṁ yathā vakṣyati māṁ bhavān.
15. aṣṭāvakraḥ uvāca kim draṣṭavyam mayā tatra vaktum arhati me
bhavān tathā idānīm mayā kāryam yathā vakṣyati mām bhavān
15. aṣṭāvakraḥ uvāca kim draṣṭavyam mayā tatra bhavān me vaktum
arhati idānīm mayā tathā kāryam yathā bhavān mām vakṣyati
15. Aṣṭāvakra said, "What is there for me to see? You should tell me. I will act exactly as you instruct me now."
वदान्य उवाच ।
धनदं समतिक्रम्य हिमवन्तं तथैव च ।
रुद्रस्यायतनं दृष्ट्वा सिद्धचारणसेवितम् ॥१६॥
16. vadānya uvāca ,
dhanadaṁ samatikramya himavantaṁ tathaiva ca ,
rudrasyāyatanaṁ dṛṣṭvā siddhacāraṇasevitam.
16. vadānyaḥ uvāca dhanadam samatikramya himavantam tathā
eva ca rudrasya āyatanam dṛṣṭvā siddhacāraṇasevitam
16. vadānyaḥ uvāca dhanadam himavantam ca tathā eva
samatikramya siddhacāraṇasevitam rudrasya āyatanam dṛṣṭvā
16. Vadānya said, "After passing by Dhanada (Kubera) and also the Himālayas, and having seen the abode of Rudra, which is frequented by Siddhas and Chāraṇas..."
प्रहृष्टैः पार्षदैर्जुष्टं नृत्यद्भिर्विविधाननैः ।
दिव्याङ्गरागैः पैशाचैर्वन्यैर्नानाविधैस्तथा ॥१७॥
17. prahṛṣṭaiḥ pārṣadairjuṣṭaṁ nṛtyadbhirvividhānanaiḥ ,
divyāṅgarāgaiḥ paiśācairvanyairnānāvidhaistathā.
17. prahṛṣṭaiḥ pārṣadaiḥ juṣṭam nṛtyadbhiḥ vividhānanaiḥ
divyāṅgarāgaiḥ paiśācaiḥ vanyaiḥ nānāvidhaiḥ tathā
17. prahṛṣṭaiḥ vividhānanaiḥ nṛtyadbhiḥ pārṣadaiḥ
divyāṅgarāgaiḥ paiśācaiḥ vanyaiḥ nānāvidhaiḥ tathā juṣṭam
17. He is attended by his delighted followers (pārṣada), who are dancing with various expressions, and adorned with divine unguents, ghoulish substances, wild materials, and other diverse kinds of things.
पाणितालसतालैश्च शम्यातालैः समैस्तथा ।
संप्रहृष्टैः प्रनृत्यद्भिः शर्वस्तत्र निषेव्यते ॥१८॥
18. pāṇitālasatālaiśca śamyātālaiḥ samaistathā ,
saṁprahṛṣṭaiḥ pranṛtyadbhiḥ śarvastatra niṣevyate.
18. pāṇitālasatālaiḥ ca śamyātālaiḥ samaiḥ tathā
samprahṛṣṭaiḥ pranṛtyadbhiḥ śarvaḥ tatra niṣevyate
18. ca samaiḥ pāṇitālasatālaiḥ śamyātālaiḥ tathā
samprahṛṣṭaiḥ pranṛtyadbhiḥ tatra śarvaḥ niṣevyate
18. And with rhythmic hand-clapping and synchronized staff-clapping, there Shiva (Śarva) is worshipped by his extremely joyful and intensely dancing devotees.
इष्टं किल गिरौ स्थानं तद्दिव्यमनुशुश्रुम ।
नित्यं संनिहितो देवस्तथा पारिषदाः शुभाः ॥१९॥
19. iṣṭaṁ kila girau sthānaṁ taddivyamanuśuśruma ,
nityaṁ saṁnihito devastathā pāriṣadāḥ śubhāḥ.
19. iṣṭam kila girau sthānam tat divyam anuśuśruma
nityam saṃnihitaḥ devaḥ tathā pāriṣadāḥ śubhāḥ
19. kila girau tat divyam iṣṭam sthānam anuśuśruma
nityam devaḥ saṃnihitaḥ tathā śubhāḥ pāriṣadāḥ
19. Indeed, we have heard that a divine place on the mountain is his beloved abode. The god (deva) is eternally present there, and his auspicious attendants (pāriṣada) are likewise.
तत्र देव्या तपस्तप्तं शंकरार्थं सुदुश्चरम् ।
अतस्तदिष्टं देवस्य तथोमाया इति श्रुतिः ॥२०॥
20. tatra devyā tapastaptaṁ śaṁkarārthaṁ suduścaram ,
atastadiṣṭaṁ devasya tathomāyā iti śrutiḥ.
20. tatra devyā tapaḥ taptam śaṅkarārtham suduścaram
ataḥ tat iṣṭam devasya tathā umāyāḥ iti śrutiḥ
20. tatra devyā suduścaram tapaḥ śaṅkarārtham taptam
ataḥ tat devasya tathā umāyāḥ iṣṭam iti śrutiḥ
20. There, the Goddess (Devī) performed extremely arduous spiritual austerities (tapas) for the sake of Śaṅkara (Shiva). Therefore, according to tradition (śruti), that place is beloved by the god (deva) and likewise by Umā.
तत्र कूपो महान्पार्श्वे देवस्योत्तरतस्तथा ।
ऋतवः कालरात्रिश्च ये दिव्या ये च मानुषाः ॥२१॥
21. tatra kūpo mahānpārśve devasyottaratastathā ,
ṛtavaḥ kālarātriśca ye divyā ye ca mānuṣāḥ.
21. tatra kūpaḥ mahān pārśve devasya uttarataḥ tathā
ṛtavaḥ kālarātriḥ ca ye divyāḥ ye ca mānuṣāḥ
21. tatra devasya pārśve uttarataḥ tathā mahān kūpaḥ
ṛtavaḥ kālarātriḥ ca ye divyāḥ ye ca mānuṣāḥ
21. There is a great well located nearby, to the north of the deity. The seasons, Kalaratri, and all beings, both divine and human, are present there.
सर्वे देवमुपासन्ते रूपिणः किल तत्र ह ।
तदतिक्रम्य भवनं त्वया यातव्यमेव हि ॥२२॥
22. sarve devamupāsante rūpiṇaḥ kila tatra ha ,
tadatikramya bhavanaṁ tvayā yātavyameva hi.
22. sarve devam upāsante rūpiṇaḥ kila tatra ha
tat atikramya bhavanam tvayā yātavyam eva hi
22. kila tatra ha sarve rūpiṇaḥ devam upāsante
tvayā tat bhavanam atikramya eva hi yātavyam
22. Indeed, all embodied beings worship the deity there. You must certainly pass beyond that abode.
ततो नीलं वनोद्देशं द्रक्ष्यसे मेघसंनिभम् ।
रमणीयं मनोग्राहि तत्र द्रक्ष्यसि वै स्त्रियम् ॥२३॥
23. tato nīlaṁ vanoddeśaṁ drakṣyase meghasaṁnibham ,
ramaṇīyaṁ manogrāhi tatra drakṣyasi vai striyam.
23. tataḥ nīlam vanoddeśam drakṣyase meghasaṃnibham
ramaṇīyam manogrāhi tatra drakṣyasi vai striyam
23. tataḥ nīlam meghasaṃnibham ramaṇīyam manogrāhi
vanoddeśam drakṣyase tatra vai striyam drakṣyasi
23. Then you will see a blue forest region, resembling a cloud, which is charming and captivating. There, indeed, you will see a woman.
तपस्विनीं महाभागां वृद्धां दीक्षामनुष्ठिताम् ।
द्रष्टव्या सा त्वया तत्र संपूज्या चैव यत्नतः ॥२४॥
24. tapasvinīṁ mahābhāgāṁ vṛddhāṁ dīkṣāmanuṣṭhitām ,
draṣṭavyā sā tvayā tatra saṁpūjyā caiva yatnataḥ.
24. tapasvinīm mahābhāgām vṛddhām dīkṣām anuṣṭhitām
draṣṭavyā sā tvayā tatra sampūjyā ca eva yatnataḥ
24. tapasvinīm mahābhāgām vṛddhām dīkṣām anuṣṭhitām
sā tvayā tatra draṣṭavyā ca eva yatnataḥ sampūjyā
24. You will see a female ascetic, greatly fortunate, old, and engaged in a spiritual vow. She must be seen by you there, and diligently worshipped.
तां दृष्ट्वा विनिवृत्तस्त्वं ततः पाणिं ग्रहीष्यसि ।
यद्येष समयः सत्यः साध्यतां तत्र गम्यताम् ॥२५॥
25. tāṁ dṛṣṭvā vinivṛttastvaṁ tataḥ pāṇiṁ grahīṣyasi ,
yadyeṣa samayaḥ satyaḥ sādhyatāṁ tatra gamyatām.
25. tām dṛṣṭvā vinivṛttaḥ tvam tataḥ pāṇim grahīṣyasi
| yadi eṣaḥ samayaḥ satyaḥ sādhyatām tatra gamyatām
25. If this condition is true, you will turn back upon seeing her, and then you will take her hand. Go there to fulfill it.