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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-133

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भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
यथा दस्युः समर्यादः प्रेत्यभावे न नश्यति ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
yathā dasyuḥ samaryādaḥ pretyabhāve na naśyati.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam yathā dasyuḥ sa-maryādaḥ pretyabhāve na naśyati
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api imam purātanam itihāsam udāharanti
yathā sa-maryādaḥ dasyuḥ pretyabhāve na naśyati
1. Bhishma said: In this context, they also relate this ancient story (itihāsa) about how even a robber (dasyu), if he maintains proper conduct (maryādā), does not perish in the afterlife (pretyabhāva).
प्रहर्ता मतिमाञ्शूरः श्रुतवाननृशंसवान् ।
रक्षन्नक्षयिणं धर्मं ब्रह्मण्यो गुरुपूजकः ॥२॥
2. prahartā matimāñśūraḥ śrutavānanṛśaṁsavān ,
rakṣannakṣayiṇaṁ dharmaṁ brahmaṇyo gurupūjakaḥ.
2. prahartā matimān śūraḥ śrutavān anṛśaṃsavān
rakṣan akṣayiṇam dharmam brahmaṇyaḥ gurupūjakaḥ
2. prahartā matimān śūraḥ śrutavān anṛśaṃsavān
akṣayiṇam dharmam rakṣan brahmaṇyaḥ gurupūjakaḥ
2. He is a protector, intelligent, brave, learned, and compassionate. He safeguards the imperishable natural law (dharma), is devoted to Brahmins, and reveres his teachers.
निषाद्यां क्षत्रियाज्जातः क्षत्रधर्मानुपालकः ।
कापव्यो नाम नैषादिर्दस्युत्वात्सिद्धिमाप्तवान् ॥३॥
3. niṣādyāṁ kṣatriyājjātaḥ kṣatradharmānupālakaḥ ,
kāpavyo nāma naiṣādirdasyutvātsiddhimāptavān.
3. niṣādyām kṣatriyāt jātaḥ kṣatra-dharma-anupālakaḥ
kāpavyaḥ nāma naiṣādiḥ dasyutvāt siddhim āptavān
3. kṣatriyāt niṣādyām jātaḥ kṣatra-dharma-anupālakaḥ
kāpavyaḥ nāma naiṣādiḥ dasyutvāt siddhim āptavān
3. Born to a Kṣatriya father and a Niṣādī mother, this individual, named Kāpavya, was a Naiṣādi who observed the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a Kṣatriya. Despite his robber (dasyu) background, he attained spiritual perfection (siddhi).
अरण्ये सायपूर्वाह्णे मृगयूथप्रकोपिता ।
विधिज्ञो मृगजातीनां निपानानां च कोविदः ॥४॥
4. araṇye sāyapūrvāhṇe mṛgayūthaprakopitā ,
vidhijño mṛgajātīnāṁ nipānānāṁ ca kovidaḥ.
4. araṇye sāyapūrvāhṇe mṛgayūthaprakopitā
vidhijñaḥ mṛgajātīnām nipānānām ca kovidaḥ
4. araṇye sāyapūrvāhṇe mṛgayūthaprakopitā
mṛgajātīnām nipānānām ca vidhijñaḥ kovidaḥ
4. In the forest, in the forenoon and evening, when the herds of deer were provoked, he was an expert in the species of deer and knowledgeable about their watering places.
सर्वकाननदेशज्ञः पारियात्रचरः सदा ।
धर्मज्ञः सर्वभूतानाममोघेषुर्दृढायुधः ॥५॥
5. sarvakānanadeśajñaḥ pāriyātracaraḥ sadā ,
dharmajñaḥ sarvabhūtānāmamogheṣurdṛḍhāyudhaḥ.
5. sarvakānanadeśajñaḥ pāriyātracaraḥ sadā
dharmajñaḥ sarvabhūtānām amogheṣuḥ dṛḍhāyudhaḥ
5. sarvakānanadeśajñaḥ sadā pāriyātracaraḥ
sarvabhūtānām dharmajñaḥ amogheṣuḥ dṛḍhāyudhaḥ
5. He was knowledgeable about all forest regions, always traversing the Pariyātra mountain range. He knew the natural law (dharma) for all beings, possessed unfailing arrows, and had strong weapons.
अप्यनेकशताः सेना एक एव जिगाय सः ।
स वृद्धावन्धपितरौ महारण्येऽभ्यपूजयत् ॥६॥
6. apyanekaśatāḥ senā eka eva jigāya saḥ ,
sa vṛddhāvandhapitarau mahāraṇye'bhyapūjayat.
6. api anekaśatāḥ senāḥ ekaḥ eva jigāya saḥ | saḥ
vṛddhau andhau pitarau mahāraṇye abhyapūjayat
6. saḥ ekaḥ eva api anekaśatāḥ senāḥ jigāya saḥ
mahāraṇye vṛddhau andhau pitarau abhyapūjayat
6. He alone conquered armies of even many hundreds. In the great forest, he honored his aged and blind parents.
मधुमांसैर्मूलफलैरन्नैरुच्चावचैरपि ।
सत्कृत्य भोजयामास सम्यक्परिचचार च ॥७॥
7. madhumāṁsairmūlaphalairannairuccāvacairapi ,
satkṛtya bhojayāmāsa samyakparicacāra ca.
7. madhumāṃsaiḥ mūlaphalaiḥ annaiḥ uccāvacaiḥ
api satkṛtya bhojayāmāsa samyak paricacāra ca
7. satkṛtya madhumāṃsaiḥ mūlaphalaiḥ annaiḥ
uccāvacaiḥ api bhojayāmāsa samyak paricacāra ca
7. He honored them and fed them with honey, meat, roots, fruits, and various other foods. He also served them properly.
आरण्यकान्प्रव्रजितान्ब्राह्मणान्परिपालयन् ।
अपि तेभ्यो मृगान्हत्वा निनाय च महावने ॥८॥
8. āraṇyakānpravrajitānbrāhmaṇānparipālayan ,
api tebhyo mṛgānhatvā nināya ca mahāvane.
8. āraṇyakān pravrajitān brāhmaṇān paripālayan
api tebhyaḥ mṛgān hatvā nināya ca mahāvane
8. āraṇyakān pravrajitān brāhmaṇān paripālayan
api tebhyaḥ mṛgān hatvā ca mahāvane nināya
8. Protecting the forest-dwelling Brahmins who had embraced renunciation (pravrajita), he even hunted deer for them and provided them in the great forest.
ये स्म न प्रतिगृह्णन्ति दस्युभोजनशङ्कया ।
तेषामासज्य गेहेषु काल्य एव स गच्छति ॥९॥
9. ye sma na pratigṛhṇanti dasyubhojanaśaṅkayā ,
teṣāmāsajya geheṣu kālya eva sa gacchati.
9. ye sma na pratigṛhṇanti dasyubhojanaśaṅkayā
teṣām āsajya geheṣu kālyaḥ eva saḥ gacchati
9. ye sma dasyubhojanaśaṅkayā na pratigṛhṇanti
saḥ teṣām geheṣu kālyaḥ eva āsajya gacchati
9. Those (Brahmins) who would not accept offerings, fearing it was food obtained from robbers, he would go to their homes very early in the morning and place (offerings) for them.
तं बहूनि सहस्राणि ग्रामणित्वेऽभिवव्रिरे ।
निर्मर्यादानि दस्यूनां निरनुक्रोशकारिणाम् ॥१०॥
10. taṁ bahūni sahasrāṇi grāmaṇitve'bhivavrire ,
nirmaryādāni dasyūnāṁ niranukrośakāriṇām.
10. tam bahūni sahasrāṇi grāmaṇitve abhivavrire
nirmaryādāni dasyūnām niranukrośakāriṇām
10. nirmaryādāni niranukrośakāriṇām dasyūnām
bahūni sahasrāṇi tam grāmaṇitve abhivavrire
10. Many thousands of lawless and cruel robbers chose him for the position of village chief.
दस्यव ऊचुः ।
मुहूर्तदेशकालज्ञ प्राज्ञ शीलदृढायुध ।
ग्रामणीर्भव नो मुख्यः सर्वेषामेव संमतः ॥११॥
11. dasyava ūcuḥ ,
muhūrtadeśakālajña prājña śīladṛḍhāyudha ,
grāmaṇīrbhava no mukhyaḥ sarveṣāmeva saṁmataḥ.
11. dasyavaḥ ūcuḥ muhūrtadeśakālajña prājña śīladṛḍhāyudha
grāmaṇīḥ bhava naḥ mukhyaḥ sarveṣām eva saṃmataḥ
11. dasyavaḥ ūcuḥ muhūrtadeśakālajña prājña śīladṛḍhāyudha
naḥ mukhyaḥ sarveṣām eva saṃmataḥ grāmaṇīḥ bhava
11. The robbers said: 'O knower of the proper time and place, O wise one, O one with firm character and strong weapons! Be our chief leader, indeed, the one approved by all.'
यथा यथा वक्ष्यसि नः करिष्यामस्तथा तथा ।
पालयास्मान्यथान्यायं यथा माता यथा पिता ॥१२॥
12. yathā yathā vakṣyasi naḥ kariṣyāmastathā tathā ,
pālayāsmānyathānyāyaṁ yathā mātā yathā pitā.
12. yathā yathā vakṣyasi naḥ kariṣyāmaḥ tathā tathā
pālayā asmān yathānyāyam yathā mātā yathā pitā
12. naḥ yathā yathā vakṣyasi tathā tathā kariṣyāmaḥ
asmān yathānyāyam pālayā yathā mātā yathā pitā
12. Whatever you instruct us, we will do accordingly. Protect us justly, just as a mother and a father would.
कापव्य उवाच ।
मा वधीस्त्वं स्त्रियं भीरुं मा शिशुं मा तपस्विनम् ।
नायुध्यमानो हन्तव्यो न च ग्राह्या बलात्स्त्रियः ॥१३॥
13. kāpavya uvāca ,
mā vadhīstvaṁ striyaṁ bhīruṁ mā śiśuṁ mā tapasvinam ,
nāyudhyamāno hantavyo na ca grāhyā balātstriyaḥ.
13. kāpavyaḥ uvāca mā vadhīḥ tvam
striyam bhīrum mā śiśum mā
tapasvinam na āyudhyamānaḥ hantavyaḥ
na ca grāhyāḥ balāt striyaḥ
13. kāpavyaḥ uvāca tvam bhīrum striyam
mā vadhīḥ mā śiśum mā tapasvinam
ca na āyudhyamānaḥ hantavyaḥ
na ca striyaḥ balāt grāhyāḥ
13. Kāpavya said: 'You should not kill a timid woman, a child, or an ascetic. One who is not fighting should not be slain, and women should not be forcibly seized.'
सर्वथा स्त्री न हन्तव्या सर्वसत्त्वेषु युध्यता ।
नित्यं गोब्राह्मणे स्वस्ति योद्धव्यं च तदर्थतः ॥१४॥
14. sarvathā strī na hantavyā sarvasattveṣu yudhyatā ,
nityaṁ gobrāhmaṇe svasti yoddhavyaṁ ca tadarthataḥ.
14. sarvathā strī na hantavyā sarvasattveṣu yudhyatā
nityam gobrāhmaṇe svasti yoddhavyam ca tadarthataḥ
14. sarvasattveṣu yudhyatā strī sarvathā na hantavyā
ca nityam gobrāhmaṇe svasti tadarthataḥ yoddhavyam
14. In no circumstances should a woman be killed by any combatant among all beings. Always, there should be welfare (svasti) for cows and Brahmins, and one should fight for their protection.
सस्यं च नापहन्तव्यं सीरविघ्नं च मा कृथाः ।
पूज्यन्ते यत्र देवाश्च पितरोऽतिथयस्तथा ॥१५॥
15. sasyaṁ ca nāpahantavyaṁ sīravighnaṁ ca mā kṛthāḥ ,
pūjyante yatra devāśca pitaro'tithayastathā.
15. sasyam ca na apahantavyam sīravighnam ca mā kṛthāḥ
pūjyante yatra devāḥ ca pitaraḥ atithayaḥ tathā
15. sasyam ca na apahantavyam sīravighnam ca mā kṛthāḥ
yatra devāḥ ca pitaraḥ tathā atithayaḥ pūjyante
15. Furthermore, crops should not be seized, and you should not cause any hindrance to plows. For it is where gods, ancestors (pitṛs), and guests are worshipped.
सर्वभूतेष्वपि च वै ब्राह्मणो मोक्षमर्हति ।
कार्या चापचितिस्तेषां सर्वस्वेनापि या भवेत् ॥१६॥
16. sarvabhūteṣvapi ca vai brāhmaṇo mokṣamarhati ,
kāryā cāpacitisteṣāṁ sarvasvenāpi yā bhavet.
16. sarvabhūteṣu api ca vai brāhmaṇaḥ mokṣam arhati |
kāryā ca apacitiḥ teṣām sarvasvena api yā bhavet
16. vai ca sarvabhūteṣu api brāhmaṇaḥ mokṣam arhati
ca yā sarvasvena api apacitiḥ teṣām kāryā bhavet
16. Indeed, among all beings, a brahmin is worthy of liberation (mokṣa). And the reverence (apaciti) due to them should be performed, even with all one's possessions, whatever that may entail.
यस्य ह्येते संप्ररुष्टा मन्त्रयन्ति पराभवम् ।
न तस्य त्रिषु लोकेषु त्राता भवति कश्चन ॥१७॥
17. yasya hyete saṁpraruṣṭā mantrayanti parābhavam ,
na tasya triṣu lokeṣu trātā bhavati kaścana.
17. yasya hi ete samprarūṣṭāḥ mantrayanti parābhavam
| na tasya triṣu lokeṣu trātā bhavati kaścana
17. hi yasya ete samprarūṣṭāḥ parābhavam mantrayanti,
tasya triṣu lokeṣu kaścana trātā na bhavati
17. For him by whom these (brahmins) are deeply offended (samprarūṣṭāḥ) and who (then) counsel his defeat, there is no protector for him whatsoever in the three worlds.
यो ब्राह्मणान्परिभवेद्विनाशं वापि रोचयेत् ।
सूर्योदय इवावश्यं ध्रुवं तस्य पराभवः ॥१८॥
18. yo brāhmaṇānparibhavedvināśaṁ vāpi rocayet ,
sūryodaya ivāvaśyaṁ dhruvaṁ tasya parābhavaḥ.
18. yaḥ brāhmaṇān paribhavet vināśam vā api rocayet
| sūryodayaḥ iva avaśyam dhruvam tasya parābhavaḥ
18. yaḥ brāhmaṇān paribhavet vā api vināśam rocayet,
tasya parābhavaḥ sūryodayaḥ iva avaśyam dhruvam (bhavati)
18. Whoever insults brahmins or even desires their destruction, his downfall is certainly inevitable, just like the sunrise.
इहैव फलमासीनः प्रत्याकाङ्क्षति शक्तितः ।
ये ये नो न प्रदास्यन्ति तांस्तान्सेनाभियास्यति ॥१९॥
19. ihaiva phalamāsīnaḥ pratyākāṅkṣati śaktitaḥ ,
ye ye no na pradāsyanti tāṁstānsenābhiyāsyati.
19. iha eva phalam āsīnaḥ pratyākāṅkṣati śaktitaḥ |
ye ye naḥ na pradāsyanti tān tān senā abhiyāsyati
19. iha eva āsīnaḥ śaktitaḥ phalam pratyākāṅkṣati ye ye naḥ na pradāsyanti,
senā tān tān abhiyāsyati
19. Sitting right here, he expects the fruit (phala) of his actions according to his capacity. And those people who do not give to us, them the army will certainly attack.
शिष्ट्यर्थं विहितो दण्डो न वधार्थं विनिश्चयः ।
ये च शिष्टान्प्रबाधन्ते धर्मस्तेषां वधः स्मृतः ॥२०॥
20. śiṣṭyarthaṁ vihito daṇḍo na vadhārthaṁ viniścayaḥ ,
ye ca śiṣṭānprabādhante dharmasteṣāṁ vadhaḥ smṛtaḥ.
20. śiṣṭyartham vihitaḥ daṇḍaḥ na vadhārtham viniścayaḥ
ye ca śiṣṭān prabādhante dharmaḥ teṣām vadhaḥ smṛtaḥ
20. daṇḍaḥ śiṣṭyartham vihitaḥ na vadhārtham viniścayaḥ
ca ye śiṣṭān prabādhante teṣām vadhaḥ dharmaḥ smṛtaḥ
20. Punishment (daṇḍa) is prescribed for the sake of discipline and order, not for execution; this is the established principle. And for those who oppress the virtuous, their destruction is considered their natural law (dharma).
ये हि राष्ट्रोपरोधेन वृत्तिं कुर्वन्ति केचन ।
तदेव तेऽनु मीयन्ते कुणपं कृमयो यथा ॥२१॥
21. ye hi rāṣṭroparodhena vṛttiṁ kurvanti kecana ,
tadeva te'nu mīyante kuṇapaṁ kṛmayo yathā.
21. ye hi rāṣṭroparodhena vṛttim kurvanti kecana
tat eva te anu mīyante kuṇapam kṛmayaḥ yathā
21. hi kecana ye rāṣṭroparodhena vṛttim kurvanti
te tat eva kuṇapam kṛmayaḥ yathā anu mīyante
21. Indeed, some who make their living by obstructing the nation are regarded just like worms on a corpse.
ये पुनर्धर्मशास्त्रेण वर्तेरन्निह दस्यवः ।
अपि ते दस्यवो भूत्वा क्षिप्रं सिद्धिमवाप्नुयुः ॥२२॥
22. ye punardharmaśāstreṇa varteranniha dasyavaḥ ,
api te dasyavo bhūtvā kṣipraṁ siddhimavāpnuyuḥ.
22. ye punar dharmaśāstreṇa varteran iha dasyavaḥ
api te dasyavaḥ bhūtvā kṣipram siddhim avāpnuyuḥ
22. punar ye dasyavaḥ iha dharmaśāstreṇa varteran
api te dasyavaḥ bhūtvā kṣipram siddhim avāpnuyuḥ
22. However, if those bandits here were to act according to the sacred law (dharma-śāstra), even they, despite being bandits, would quickly attain perfection (siddhi).
भीष्म उवाच ।
तत्सर्वमुपचक्रुस्ते कापव्यस्यानुशासनम् ।
वृत्तिं च लेभिरे सर्वे पापेभ्यश्चाप्युपारमन् ॥२३॥
23. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tatsarvamupacakruste kāpavyasyānuśāsanam ,
vṛttiṁ ca lebhire sarve pāpebhyaścāpyupāraman.
23. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tat sarvam upacakruḥ te kāpavyasya anuśāsanam
vṛttim ca lebhire sarve pāpebhyaḥ ca api upāraman
23. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca te sarve tat kāpavyasya anuśāsanam upacakruḥ
ca sarve vṛttim lebhire ca api pāpebhyaḥ upāraman
23. Bhishma said: They all undertook that instruction of Kāpavya. And all of them obtained their livelihood and also abstained from sinful acts.
कापव्यः कर्मणा तेन महतीं सिद्धिमाप्तवान् ।
साधूनामाचरन्क्षेमं दस्यून्पापान्निवर्तयन् ॥२४॥
24. kāpavyaḥ karmaṇā tena mahatīṁ siddhimāptavān ,
sādhūnāmācarankṣemaṁ dasyūnpāpānnivartayan.
24. Kāpavyaḥ karmaṇā tena mahatīm siddhim āptavān
sādhūnām ācaran kṣemam dasyūn pāpān nivartayan
24. Kāpavyaḥ tena karmaṇā sādhūnām kṣemam ācaran
pāpān dasyūn nivartayan mahatīm siddhim āptavān
24. Kāpavya achieved great success (siddhi) through that action (karma), ensuring the well-being of the virtuous and restraining the wicked bandits.
इदं कापव्यचरितं यो नित्यमनुकीर्तयेत् ।
नारण्येभ्यः स भूतेभ्यो भयमार्छेत्कदाचन ॥२५॥
25. idaṁ kāpavyacaritaṁ yo nityamanukīrtayet ,
nāraṇyebhyaḥ sa bhūtebhyo bhayamārchetkadācana.
25. idam Kāpavyacaritam yaḥ nityam anukīrtayet na
araṇyebhyaḥ saḥ bhūtebhyaḥ bhayam ārcet kadācana
25. yaḥ idam Kāpavyacaritam nityam anukīrtayet saḥ
kadācana araṇyebhyaḥ bhūtebhyaḥ bhayam na ārcet
25. Whoever constantly recites this tale of Kāpavya's deeds will never at any time experience fear from the creatures of the forests.
भयं तस्य न मर्त्येभ्यो नामर्त्येभ्यः कथंचन ।
न सतो नासतो राजन्स ह्यरण्येषु गोपतिः ॥२६॥
26. bhayaṁ tasya na martyebhyo nāmartyebhyaḥ kathaṁcana ,
na sato nāsato rājansa hyaraṇyeṣu gopatiḥ.
26. bhayam tasya na martyebhyaḥ na amartyebhyaḥ kathaṃcana
na sataḥ na asataḥ rājan saḥ hi araṇyeṣu gopatiḥ
26. rājan tasya bhayam martyebhyaḥ na amartyebhyaḥ
kathaṃcana na sataḥ na asataḥ hi saḥ araṇyeṣu gopatiḥ
26. O King, he truly has no fear from mortals, nor from immortals, nor by any means from the existent (sat), nor from the non-existent (asat). Indeed, he is the protector (gopati) in the forests.