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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-42

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ब्रह्मोवाच ।
अहंकारात्प्रसूतानि महाभूतानि पञ्च वै ।
पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिश्च पञ्चमम् ॥१॥
1. brahmovāca ,
ahaṁkārātprasūtāni mahābhūtāni pañca vai ,
pṛthivī vāyurākāśamāpo jyotiśca pañcamam.
1. brahmā uvāca ahaṅkārāt prasūtāni mahābhūtāni pañca
vai pṛthivī vāyuḥ ākāśam āpaḥ jyotiḥ ca pañcamam
1. brahmā uvāca ahaṅkārāt pañca mahābhūtāni vai
prasūtāni pṛthivī vāyuḥ ākāśam āpaḥ ca jyotiḥ pañcamam
1. Brahmā (brahman) said: Indeed, the five great elements (mahābhūta) are born from ego (ahaṅkāra): earth, air, ether, water, and fire as the fifth.
तेषु भूतानि मुह्यन्ते महाभूतेषु पञ्चसु ।
शब्दस्पर्शनरूपेषु रसगन्धक्रियासु च ॥२॥
2. teṣu bhūtāni muhyante mahābhūteṣu pañcasu ,
śabdasparśanarūpeṣu rasagandhakriyāsu ca.
2. teṣu bhūtāni muhyante mahābhūteṣu pañcasu
śabdasparśanarūpeṣu rasagandhakriyāsu ca
2. bhūtāni teṣu pañcasu mahābhūteṣu ca
śabdasparśanarūpeṣu rasagandhakriyāsu muhyante
2. Beings become deluded by these five great elements (mahābhūta), and by the qualities of sound, touch, form, taste, and smell, as well as by their inherent functions.
महाभूतविनाशान्ते प्रलये प्रत्युपस्थिते ।
सर्वप्राणभृतां धीरा महदुत्पद्यते भयम् ॥३॥
3. mahābhūtavināśānte pralaye pratyupasthite ,
sarvaprāṇabhṛtāṁ dhīrā mahadutpadyate bhayam.
3. mahābhūtavināśānte pralaye pratyupasthite
sarvaprāṇabhṛtām dhīrāḥ mahat utpadyate bhayam
3. dhīrāḥ mahābhūtavināśānte pralaye pratyupasthite
sarvaprāṇabhṛtām mahat bhayam utpadyate
3. O wise ones, at the end of the destruction of the great elements (mahābhūta), when the cosmic dissolution (pralaya) is imminent, a great fear arises in all living beings.
यद्यस्माज्जायते भूतं तत्र तत्प्रविलीयते ।
लीयन्ते प्रतिलोमानि जायन्ते चोत्तरोत्तरम् ॥४॥
4. yadyasmājjāyate bhūtaṁ tatra tatpravilīyate ,
līyante pratilomāni jāyante cottarottaram.
4. yat yasmāt jāyate bhūtam tatra tat pravilīyate
līyante pratilomāni jāyante ca uttarottaram
4. yat bhūtam yasmāt jāyate tatra tat pravilīyate
pratilomāni līyante ca uttarottaram jāyante
4. Whatever being (bhūta) is born from a particular source, into that very (source) it dissolves. The elements dissolve in a reverse order (pratiloma), and progressively new ones are born (uttarottara).
ततः प्रलीने सर्वस्मिन्भूते स्थावरजङ्गमे ।
स्मृतिमन्तस्तदा धीरा न लीयन्ते कदाचन ॥५॥
5. tataḥ pralīne sarvasminbhūte sthāvarajaṅgame ,
smṛtimantastadā dhīrā na līyante kadācana.
5. tataḥ pralīne sarvasmin bhūte sthāvarajaṅgame
smṛtimantaḥ tadā dhīrāḥ na līyante kadācana
5. tataḥ sarvasmin sthāvarajaṅgame bhūte pralīne
tadā smṛtimantaḥ dhīrāḥ kadācana na līyante
5. Then, when all beings (bhūta), both moving and stationary, have dissolved, the wise ones (dhīra) who possess (spiritual) memory (smṛti) never dissolve at any time.
शब्दः स्पर्शस्तथा रूपं रसो गन्धश्च पञ्चमः ।
क्रियाकारणयुक्ताः स्युरनित्या मोहसंज्ञिताः ॥६॥
6. śabdaḥ sparśastathā rūpaṁ raso gandhaśca pañcamaḥ ,
kriyākāraṇayuktāḥ syuranityā mohasaṁjñitāḥ.
6. śabdaḥ sparśaḥ tathā rūpam rasaḥ gandhaḥ ca pañcamaḥ
kriyākāraṇayuktāḥ syuḥ anityāḥ mohasaṃjñitāḥ
6. śabdaḥ sparśaḥ tathā rūpam rasaḥ ca pañcamaḥ
gandhaḥ kriyākāraṇayuktāḥ syuḥ anityāḥ mohasaṃjñitāḥ
6. Sound (śabda), touch (sparśa), form (rūpa), taste (rasa), and fifth, smell (gandha) – these are endowed with action and cause. They are impermanent (anitya) and are designated as 'delusion' (mohasaṃjñita).
लोभप्रजनसंयुक्ता निर्विशेषा ह्यकिंचनाः ।
मांसशोणितसंघाता अन्योन्यस्योपजीविनः ॥७॥
7. lobhaprajanasaṁyuktā nirviśeṣā hyakiṁcanāḥ ,
māṁsaśoṇitasaṁghātā anyonyasyopajīvinaḥ.
7. lobhaprajanasaṃyuktā nirviśeṣā hi akiṃcanāḥ
māṃsaśoṇitasaṃghātā anyonyasya upajīvinaḥ
7. lobhaprajanasaṃyuktā nirviśeṣā hi akiṃcanāḥ
māṃsaśoṇitasaṃghātā anyonyasya upajīvinaḥ
7. They are marked by greed and the urge to procreate, without distinction, and indeed possessing nothing. They are mere aggregates of flesh and blood, dependent on one another for sustenance.
बहिरात्मान इत्येते दीनाः कृपणवृत्तयः ।
प्राणापानावुदानश्च समानो व्यान एव च ॥८॥
8. bahirātmāna ityete dīnāḥ kṛpaṇavṛttayaḥ ,
prāṇāpānāvudānaśca samāno vyāna eva ca.
8. bahiḥ ātmānaḥ iti ete dīnāḥ kṛpaṇavṛttayaḥ
prāṇāpānau udānaḥ ca samānaḥ vyānaḥ eva ca
8. ete bahiḥ ātmānaḥ iti dīnāḥ kṛpaṇavṛttayaḥ
prāṇāpānau udānaḥ ca samānaḥ vyānaḥ eva ca
8. These are considered the outer selves (ātman), miserable and of wretched behavior. Prāṇa, apāna, udāna, samāna, and vyāna are also (the vital airs).
अन्तरात्मेति चाप्येते नियताः पञ्च वायवः ।
वाङ्मनोबुद्धिरित्येभिः सार्धमष्टात्मकं जगत् ॥९॥
9. antarātmeti cāpyete niyatāḥ pañca vāyavaḥ ,
vāṅmanobuddhirityebhiḥ sārdhamaṣṭātmakaṁ jagat.
9. antaḥ ātmā iti ca api ete niyatāḥ pañca vāyavaḥ
vāṅmanobuddhiḥ iti ebhiḥ sārdham aṣṭātmakam jagat
9. ca api ete pañca niyatāḥ vāyavaḥ antaḥ ātmā iti
vāṅmanobuddhiḥ iti ebhiḥ sārdham jagat aṣṭātmakam
9. And these five regulated vital airs are also called the inner self (ātman). Along with these (five vital airs) and speech, mind, and intellect, the world is eight-fold in nature.
त्वग्घ्राणश्रोत्रचक्षूंषि रसनं वाक्च संयता ।
विशुद्धं च मनो यस्य बुद्धिश्चाव्यभिचारिणी ॥१०॥
10. tvagghrāṇaśrotracakṣūṁṣi rasanaṁ vākca saṁyatā ,
viśuddhaṁ ca mano yasya buddhiścāvyabhicāriṇī.
10. tvak ghrāṇa śrotra cakṣūṃṣi rasanam vāk ca saṃyatā
viśuddham ca manaḥ yasya buddhiḥ ca avyabhicāriṇī
10. yasya tvak ghrāṇa śrotra cakṣūṃṣi rasanam vāk ca
saṃyatā ca manaḥ viśuddham ca buddhiḥ avyabhicāriṇī
10. Whose senses of touch (skin), smell (nose), hearing (ears), sight (eyes), taste (tongue), and speech are restrained; and whose mind is pure, and intellect unwavering.
अष्टौ यस्याग्नयो ह्येते न दहन्ते मनः सदा ।
स तद्ब्रह्म शुभं याति यस्माद्भूयो न विद्यते ॥११॥
11. aṣṭau yasyāgnayo hyete na dahante manaḥ sadā ,
sa tadbrahma śubhaṁ yāti yasmādbhūyo na vidyate.
11. aṣṭau yasya agnayaḥ hi ete na dahante manaḥ sadā
sa tat brahma śubham yāti yasmāt bhūyaḥ na vidyate
11. He whose mind is not perpetually afflicted by these eight fires attains that auspicious absolute (brahman), beyond which nothing further exists.
एकादश च यान्याहुरिन्द्रियाणि विशेषतः ।
अहंकारप्रसूतानि तानि वक्ष्याम्यहं द्विजाः ॥१२॥
12. ekādaśa ca yānyāhurindriyāṇi viśeṣataḥ ,
ahaṁkāraprasūtāni tāni vakṣyāmyahaṁ dvijāḥ.
12. ekādaśa ca yāni āhuḥ indriyāṇi viśeṣataḥ
ahaṃkāraprasūtāni tāni vakṣyāmi aham dvijāḥ
12. O twice-born ones, I shall now explain those eleven sense organs which are especially said to be born from ego (ahaṃkāra).
श्रोत्रं त्वक्चक्षुषी जिह्वा नासिका चैव पञ्चमी ।
पादौ पायुरुपस्थं च हस्तौ वाग्दशमी भवेत् ॥१३॥
13. śrotraṁ tvakcakṣuṣī jihvā nāsikā caiva pañcamī ,
pādau pāyurupasthaṁ ca hastau vāgdaśamī bhavet.
13. śrotram tvak cakṣuṣī jihvā nāsikā ca eva pañcamī
pādau pāyuḥ upastham ca hastau vāk daśamī bhavet
13. The ear, skin, eyes, tongue, and the nose as the fifth; the feet, anus, genitals, and hands, with speech being the tenth.
इन्द्रियग्राम इत्येष मन एकादशं भवेत् ।
एतं ग्रामं जयेत्पूर्वं ततो ब्रह्म प्रकाशते ॥१४॥
14. indriyagrāma ityeṣa mana ekādaśaṁ bhavet ,
etaṁ grāmaṁ jayetpūrvaṁ tato brahma prakāśate.
14. indriyagrāmaḥ iti eṣaḥ manaḥ ekādaśam bhavet
etam grāmam jayet pūrvaṃ tataḥ brahma prakāśate
14. This is the group of senses; the mind would be the eleventh. One should first conquer this group, then the absolute (brahman) shines forth.
बुद्धीन्द्रियाणि पञ्चाहुः पञ्च कर्मेन्द्रियाणि च ।
श्रोत्रादीन्यपि पञ्चाहुर्बुद्धियुक्तानि तत्त्वतः ॥१५॥
15. buddhīndriyāṇi pañcāhuḥ pañca karmendriyāṇi ca ,
śrotrādīnyapi pañcāhurbuddhiyuktāni tattvataḥ.
15. buddhīndriyāṇi pañca āhuḥ pañca karmendriyāṇi ca
śrotrādīni api pañca āhuḥ buddhiyuktāni tattvataḥ
15. pañca buddhīndriyāṇi āhuḥ pañca karmendriyāṇi ca
śrotrādīni api pañca tattvataḥ buddhiyuktāni āhuḥ
15. They declare that there are five cognitive organs and five organs of action. Likewise, they state that the five (sense organs) beginning with the ear are essentially endowed with intelligence.
अविशेषाणि चान्यानि कर्मयुक्तानि तानि तु ।
उभयत्र मनो ज्ञेयं बुद्धिर्द्वादशमी भवेत् ॥१६॥
16. aviśeṣāṇi cānyāni karmayuktāni tāni tu ,
ubhayatra mano jñeyaṁ buddhirdvādaśamī bhavet.
16. aviśeṣāṇi ca anyāni karmayuktāni tāni tu
ubhayatra manaḥ jñeyam buddhiḥ dvādaśamī bhavet
16. ca anyāni aviśeṣāṇi tāni karmayuktāni tu manaḥ
ubhayatra jñeyam buddhiḥ dvādaśamī bhavet
16. And other things, the undifferentiated (subtle elements), are indeed associated with action. The mind (manas) should be known as belonging to both (cognitive and action organs), and the intellect (buddhi) would be the twelfth.
इत्युक्तानीन्द्रियाणीमान्येकादश मया क्रमात् ।
मन्यन्ते कृतमित्येव विदित्वैतानि पण्डिताः ॥१७॥
17. ityuktānīndriyāṇīmānyekādaśa mayā kramāt ,
manyante kṛtamityeva viditvaitāni paṇḍitāḥ.
17. iti uktāni indriyāṇi imāni ekādaśa mayā kramāt
manyante kṛtam iti eva viditvā etāni paṇḍitāḥ
17. mayā iti imāni ekādaśa indriyāṇi kramāt uktāni
paṇḍitāḥ etāni viditvā kṛtam iti eva manyante
17. Thus, these eleven organs have been enumerated by me in order. The learned, having understood these, truly consider (their purpose) fulfilled.
त्रीणि स्थानानि भूतानां चतुर्थं नोपपद्यते ।
स्थलमापस्तथाकाशं जन्म चापि चतुर्विधम् ॥१८॥
18. trīṇi sthānāni bhūtānāṁ caturthaṁ nopapadyate ,
sthalamāpastathākāśaṁ janma cāpi caturvidham.
18. trīṇi sthānāni bhūtānām caturtham na upapadyate
sthalam āpaḥ tathā ākāśam janma ca api caturvidham
18. bhūtānām trīṇi sthānāni caturtham na upapadyate
sthalam āpaḥ tathā ākāśam janma ca api caturvidham
18. There are three abodes for living beings; a fourth is not possible: (those of) land, water, and similarly, air (or sky). And birth is also of four kinds.
अण्डजोद्भिज्जसंस्वेदजरायुजमथापि च ।
चतुर्धा जन्म इत्येतद्भूतग्रामस्य लक्ष्यते ॥१९॥
19. aṇḍajodbhijjasaṁsvedajarāyujamathāpi ca ,
caturdhā janma ityetadbhūtagrāmasya lakṣyate.
19. aṇḍajodbhijjasaṃsvedajarāyujam atha api ca
caturdhā janma iti etat bhūtagrāmasya lakṣyate
19. bhūtagrāmasya janma aṇḍajodbhijjasaṃsvedajarāyujam
atha api ca etat iti caturdhā lakṣyate
19. Furthermore, these four types of birth are observed for the multitude of beings: those born from eggs, from sprouts, from moisture, and from the womb.
अचराण्यपि भूतानि खेचराणि तथैव च ।
अण्डजानि विजानीयात्सर्वांश्चैव सरीसृपान् ॥२०॥
20. acarāṇyapi bhūtāni khecarāṇi tathaiva ca ,
aṇḍajāni vijānīyātsarvāṁścaiva sarīsṛpān.
20. acarāṇi api bhūtāni khecarāṇi tathā eva ca
aṇḍajāni vijānīyāt sarvān ca eva sarīsṛpān
20. acarāṇi bhūtāni khecarāṇi ca tathā eva
sarvān ca eva sarīsṛpān aṇḍajāni vijānīyāt
20. One should understand that immobile beings, as well as those that move in the sky, and indeed all reptiles, are considered to be born from eggs (aṇḍaja).
संस्वेदाः कृमयः प्रोक्ता जन्तवश्च तथाविधाः ।
जन्म द्वितीयमित्येतज्जघन्यतरमुच्यते ॥२१॥
21. saṁsvedāḥ kṛmayaḥ proktā jantavaśca tathāvidhāḥ ,
janma dvitīyamityetajjaghanyataramucyate.
21. saṃsvedāḥ kṛmayaḥ proktāḥ jantavaḥ ca tathāvidhāḥ
janma dvitīyam iti etat jaghanyataram ucyate
21. saṃsvedāḥ kṛmayaḥ ca tathāvidhāḥ jantavaḥ proktāḥ
etat janma dvitīyam jaghanyataram iti ucyate
21. The moisture-born (saṃsveda) are declared to be worms and similar creatures. This is said to be the second, more inferior birth.
भित्त्वा तु पृथिवीं यानि जायन्ते कालपर्ययात् ।
उद्भिज्जानीति तान्याहुर्भूतानि द्विजसत्तमाः ॥२२॥
22. bhittvā tu pṛthivīṁ yāni jāyante kālaparyayāt ,
udbhijjānīti tānyāhurbhūtāni dvijasattamāḥ.
22. bhittvā tu pṛthivīm yāni jāyante kālaparyayāt
udbhijjāni iti tāni āhuḥ bhūtāni dvijasattamāḥ
22. dvijasattamāḥ! yāni bhūtāni tu kālaparyayāt pṛthivīm bhittvā jāyante,
tāni udbhijjāni iti āhuḥ
22. O best among the twice-born (dvija)! Those beings which emerge by splitting the earth over time are called sprout-born (udbhijja).
द्विपादबहुपादानि तिर्यग्गतिमतीनि च ।
जरायुजानि भूतानि वित्त तान्यपि सत्तमाः ॥२३॥
23. dvipādabahupādāni tiryaggatimatīni ca ,
jarāyujāni bhūtāni vitta tānyapi sattamāḥ.
23. dvipādabahupādāni tiryaggatimātīni ca
jarāyujāni bhūtāni vitta tāni api sattamāḥ
23. O excellent people, know also these beings: the two-footed, the many-footed, the terrestrial creatures, and those born from a womb.
द्विविधापीह विज्ञेया ब्रह्मयोनिः सनातना ।
तपः कर्म च यत्पुण्यमित्येष विदुषां नयः ॥२४॥
24. dvividhāpīha vijñeyā brahmayoniḥ sanātanā ,
tapaḥ karma ca yatpuṇyamityeṣa viduṣāṁ nayaḥ.
24. dvividhā api iha vijñeyā brahmayoniḥ sanātanā
tapaḥ karma ca yat puṇyam iti eṣa viduṣām nayaḥ
24. Here, the eternal source of (brahman) is indeed to be known as twofold: namely, austerity (tapas) and meritorious action (karma). This is the principle of the wise.
द्विविधं कर्म विज्ञेयमिज्या दानं च यन्मखे ।
जातस्याध्ययनं पुण्यमिति वृद्धानुशासनम् ॥२५॥
25. dvividhaṁ karma vijñeyamijyā dānaṁ ca yanmakhe ,
jātasyādhyayanaṁ puṇyamiti vṛddhānuśāsanam.
25. dvividham karma vijñeyam ijyā dānam ca yat makhe
jātasya adhyamanam puṇyam iti vṛddhānuśāsanam
25. Action (karma) is to be understood as twofold: first, the (Vedic ritual) and giving that occurs in a (Vedic ritual); and second, study, which is meritorious for the twice-born. This is the teaching of the elders.
एतद्यो वेद विधिवत्स मुक्तः स्याद्द्विजर्षभाः ।
विमुक्तः सर्वपापेभ्य इति चैव निबोधत ॥२६॥
26. etadyo veda vidhivatsa muktaḥ syāddvijarṣabhāḥ ,
vimuktaḥ sarvapāpebhya iti caiva nibodhata.
26. etat yaḥ veda vidhivat sa muktaḥ syāt dvijarṣabhāḥ
vimuktaḥ sarvapāpebhyah iti ca eva nibodhata
26. O best among the twice-born (dvija)s, whoever knows this properly would attain liberation (mokṣa). And indeed, understand that he is completely freed from all sins.
आकाशं प्रथमं भूतं श्रोत्रमध्यात्ममुच्यते ।
अधिभूतं तथा शब्दो दिशस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥२७॥
27. ākāśaṁ prathamaṁ bhūtaṁ śrotramadhyātmamucyate ,
adhibhūtaṁ tathā śabdo diśastatrādhidaivatam.
27. ākāśam prathamam bhūtam śrotram adhyātmam ucyate
adhibhūtam tathā śabdaḥ diśaḥ tatra adhidaivatam
27. ākāśam prathamam bhūtam ucyate śrotram adhyātmam
tathā śabdaḥ adhibhūtam tatra diśaḥ adhidaivatam
27. Space (ākāśa) is declared to be the first element. The ear is called its inner faculty (adhyātma); likewise, sound is its gross object (adhibhūta), and the directions are its presiding divinity (adhidaivata).
द्वितीयं मारुतो भूतं त्वगध्यात्मं च विश्रुतम् ।
स्प्रष्टव्यमधिभूतं च विद्युत्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥२८॥
28. dvitīyaṁ māruto bhūtaṁ tvagadhyātmaṁ ca viśrutam ,
spraṣṭavyamadhibhūtaṁ ca vidyuttatrādhidaivatam.
28. dvitīyam marutaḥ bhūtam tvak adhyātmam ca viśrutam
spraṣṭavyam adhibhūtam ca vidyut tatra adhidaivatam
28. marutaḥ dvitīyam bhūtam tvak ca adhyātmam viśrutam
spraṣṭavyam ca adhibhūtam tatra vidyut adhidaivatam
28. Air (maruta) is known as the second element. The skin is celebrated as its inner faculty (adhyātma), and the tangible object (spraṣṭavya) is its gross object (adhibhūta). Lightning (vidyut) is its presiding deity (adhidaivata).
तृतीयं ज्योतिरित्याहुश्चक्षुरध्यात्ममुच्यते ।
अधिभूतं ततो रूपं सूर्यस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥२९॥
29. tṛtīyaṁ jyotirityāhuścakṣuradhyātmamucyate ,
adhibhūtaṁ tato rūpaṁ sūryastatrādhidaivatam.
29. tṛtīyam jyotiḥ iti āhuḥ cakṣuḥ adhyātmam ucyate
adhibhūtam tataḥ rūpam sūryaḥ tatra adhidaivatam
29. jyotiḥ tṛtīyam iti āhuḥ cakṣuḥ adhyātmam ucyate
tataḥ rūpam adhibhūtam tatra sūryaḥ adhidaivatam
29. They call light (jyotiḥ) the third (element). The eye is said to be its inner faculty (adhyātma); then form (rūpa) is its gross object (adhibhūta), and the sun (sūrya) is its presiding deity (adhidaivata).
चतुर्थमापो विज्ञेयं जिह्वा चाध्यात्ममिष्यते ।
अधिभूतं रसश्चात्र सोमस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥३०॥
30. caturthamāpo vijñeyaṁ jihvā cādhyātmamiṣyate ,
adhibhūtaṁ rasaścātra somastatrādhidaivatam.
30. caturtham āpaḥ vijñeyam jihvā ca adhyātmam iṣyate
adhibhūtam rasaḥ ca atra somaḥ tatra adhidaivatam
30. āpaḥ caturtham vijñeyam jihvā ca adhyātmam iṣyate
atra rasaḥ ca adhibhūtam tatra somaḥ adhidaivatam
30. Water (āpaḥ) should be known as the fourth (element). The tongue (jihvā) is considered its inner faculty (adhyātma), and taste (rasa) is its gross object (adhibhūta) here. Soma (the moon) is its presiding deity (adhidaivata).
पृथिवी पञ्चमं भूतं घ्राणश्चाध्यात्ममिष्यते ।
अधिभूतं तथा गन्धो वायुस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥३१॥
31. pṛthivī pañcamaṁ bhūtaṁ ghrāṇaścādhyātmamiṣyate ,
adhibhūtaṁ tathā gandho vāyustatrādhidaivatam.
31. pṛthivī pañcamam bhūtam ghrāṇaḥ ca adhyātmam iṣyate
adhibhūtam tathā gandhaḥ vāyuḥ tatra adhidaivatam
31. pṛthivī pañcamam bhūtam (asti)
ghrāṇaḥ ca adhyātmam iṣyate
tathā gandhaḥ adhibhūtam (asti)
tatra vāyuḥ adhidaivatam (asti)
31. The earth is considered the fifth element. The nose is regarded as its individual (adhyātma) aspect. Similarly, odor is its elemental (adhibhūta) aspect, and Vāyu is its divine (adhidaivata) aspect.
एष पञ्चसु भूतेषु चतुष्टयविधिः स्मृतः ।
अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि सर्वं त्रिविधमिन्द्रियम् ॥३२॥
32. eṣa pañcasu bhūteṣu catuṣṭayavidhiḥ smṛtaḥ ,
ataḥ paraṁ pravakṣyāmi sarvaṁ trividhamindriyam.
32. eṣaḥ pañcasu bhūteṣu catuṣṭayavidhiḥ smṛtaḥ ataḥ
param pravakṣyāmi sarvam trividham indriyam
32. eṣaḥ catuṣṭayavidhiḥ pañcasu bhūteṣu smṛtaḥ ataḥ
param sarvam trividham indriyam pravakṣyāmi
32. This fourfold principle is declared concerning the five elements. Henceforth, I will explain all the threefold sense organs.
पादावध्यात्ममित्याहुर्ब्राह्मणास्तत्त्वदर्शिनः ।
अधिभूतं तु गन्तव्यं विष्णुस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥३३॥
33. pādāvadhyātmamityāhurbrāhmaṇāstattvadarśinaḥ ,
adhibhūtaṁ tu gantavyaṁ viṣṇustatrādhidaivatam.
33. pādau adhyātmam iti āhuḥ brāhmaṇāḥ tattvadarśinaḥ
adhibhūtam tu gantavyam viṣṇuḥ tatra adhidaivatam
33. tattvadarśinaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ pādau adhyātmam iti āhuḥ tu
gantavyam adhibhūtam (asti) tatra viṣṇuḥ adhidaivatam (asti)
33. The brahmins, who are seers of reality, declare the feet to be the individual (adhyātma) aspect. The destination is indeed the elemental (adhibhūta) aspect, and Vishnu is the divine (adhidaivata) aspect in this context.
अवाग्गतिरपानश्च पायुरध्यात्ममिष्यते ।
अधिभूतं विसर्गश्च मित्रस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥३४॥
34. avāggatirapānaśca pāyuradhyātmamiṣyate ,
adhibhūtaṁ visargaśca mitrastatrādhidaivatam.
34. avāggatiḥ apānaḥ ca pāyuḥ adhyātmam iṣyate
adhibhūtam visargaḥ ca mitraḥ tatra adhidaivatam
34. avāggatiḥ apānaḥ ca pāyuḥ adhyātmam iṣyate visargaḥ
ca adhibhūtam (asti) tatra mitraḥ adhidaivatam (asti)
34. The anus is regarded as the individual (adhyātma) aspect, associated with downward movement and the vital air (apāna) that governs elimination. Excretion is its elemental (adhibhūta) aspect, and Mitra is its divine (adhidaivata) aspect in this context.
प्रजनः सर्वभूतानामुपस्थोऽध्यात्ममुच्यते ।
अधिभूतं तथा शुक्रं दैवतं च प्रजापतिः ॥३५॥
35. prajanaḥ sarvabhūtānāmupastho'dhyātmamucyate ,
adhibhūtaṁ tathā śukraṁ daivataṁ ca prajāpatiḥ.
35. prajanaḥ sarvabhūtānām upasthaḥ adhyātmam ucyate
adhibhūtam tathā śukram daivatam ca prajāpatiḥ
35. The generative organ, which facilitates the procreation of all beings, is called the internal faculty (adhyātma). Similarly, semen is its material aspect (adhibhūtam), and Prajāpati (prajāpati) is its presiding deity.
हस्तावध्यात्ममित्याहुरध्यात्मविदुषो जनाः ।
अधिभूतं तु कर्माणि शक्रस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥३६॥
36. hastāvadhyātmamityāhuradhyātmaviduṣo janāḥ ,
adhibhūtaṁ tu karmāṇi śakrastatrādhidaivatam.
36. hastau adhyātmam iti āhuḥ adhyātmaviduṣaḥ janāḥ
adhibhūtam tu karmāṇi śakraḥ tatra adhidaivatam
36. Those who understand the spiritual realm say that the two hands are the internal faculty (adhyātma). Its material aspect (adhibhūtam), however, consists of actions, and Śakra is its presiding deity.
वैश्वदेवी मनःपूर्वा वागध्यात्ममिहोच्यते ।
वक्तव्यमधिभूतं च वह्निस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥३७॥
37. vaiśvadevī manaḥpūrvā vāgadhyātmamihocyate ,
vaktavyamadhibhūtaṁ ca vahnistatrādhidaivatam.
37. vaiśvadevī manaḥpūrvā vāk adhyātmam iha ucyate
vaktavyam adhibhūtam ca vahniḥ tatra adhidaivatam
37. Here, speech (vāk), which is universal and mind-preceded, is called the internal faculty (adhyātma). That which is to be spoken is its material aspect (adhibhūtam), and Vahni is its presiding deity.
अध्यात्मं मन इत्याहुः पञ्चभूतानुचारकम् ।
अधिभूतं च मन्तव्यं चन्द्रमाश्चाधिदैवतम् ॥३८॥
38. adhyātmaṁ mana ityāhuḥ pañcabhūtānucārakam ,
adhibhūtaṁ ca mantavyaṁ candramāścādhidaivatam.
38. adhyātmam manaḥ iti āhuḥ pañcabhūtānucārakam
adhibhūtam ca mantavyam candramāḥ ca adhidaivatam
38. They declare that the mind, which operates among the five elements, is the internal faculty (adhyātma). Furthermore, the object of thought is considered its material aspect (adhibhūtam), and Candramās is its presiding deity.
अध्यात्मं बुद्धिरित्याहुः षडिन्द्रियविचारिणी ।
अधिभूतं तु विज्ञेयं ब्रह्मा तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥३९॥
39. adhyātmaṁ buddhirityāhuḥ ṣaḍindriyavicāriṇī ,
adhibhūtaṁ tu vijñeyaṁ brahmā tatrādhidaivatam.
39. adhyātmam buddhiḥ iti āhuḥ ṣaṭ-indriya-vicāriṇī
adhibhūtam tu vijñeyam brahmā tatra adhidaivatam
39. They say that the intellect (buddhi), which contemplates the six senses, is considered the spiritual (adhyātmam) aspect. Material existence (adhibhūtam), on the other hand, should be understood, with Brahmā as its presiding deity (adhidaivatam).
यथावदध्यात्मविधिरेष वः कीर्तितो मया ।
ज्ञानमस्य हि धर्मज्ञाः प्राप्तं बुद्धिमतामिह ॥४०॥
40. yathāvadadhyātmavidhireṣa vaḥ kīrtito mayā ,
jñānamasya hi dharmajñāḥ prāptaṁ buddhimatāmiha.
40. yathāvat adhyātma-vidhiḥ eṣaḥ vaḥ kīrtitaḥ mayā
jñānam asya hi dharma-jñāḥ prāptam buddhimatām iha
40. This spiritual method (adhyātma-vidhi) has been declared by me to you as it should be. Indeed, O knowers of natural law (dharma), the knowledge of this is attained here by the intelligent.
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थाश्च महाभूतानि पञ्च च ।
सर्वाण्येतानि संधाय मनसा संप्रधारयेत् ॥४१॥
41. indriyāṇīndriyārthāśca mahābhūtāni pañca ca ,
sarvāṇyetāni saṁdhāya manasā saṁpradhārayet.
41. indriyāṇi indriya-arthāḥ ca mahābhūtāni pañca ca
sarvāṇi etāni saṃdhāya manasā sampra-dhārayet
41. One should firmly grasp all these - the sense organs, their objects, and the five great elements - by means of the mind, having brought them together.
क्षीणे मनसि सर्वस्मिन्न जन्मसुखमिष्यते ।
ज्ञानसंपन्नसत्त्वानां तत्सुखं विदुषां मतम् ॥४२॥
42. kṣīṇe manasi sarvasminna janmasukhamiṣyate ,
jñānasaṁpannasattvānāṁ tatsukhaṁ viduṣāṁ matam.
42. kṣīṇe manasi sarvasmin na janma-sukham iṣyate
jñāna-saṃpanna-sattvānām tat sukham viduṣām matam
42. When the entire mind is completely attenuated, the happiness of repeated existence is no longer desired. That happiness is regarded as the view of the wise, for beings endowed with knowledge.
अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि सूक्ष्मभावकरीं शिवाम् ।
निवृत्तिं सर्वभूतेषु मृदुना दारुणेन वा ॥४३॥
43. ataḥ paraṁ pravakṣyāmi sūkṣmabhāvakarīṁ śivām ,
nivṛttiṁ sarvabhūteṣu mṛdunā dāruṇena vā.
43. ataḥ param pravakṣyāmi sūkṣmabhāvakrīm śivām
nivṛttim sarvabhūteṣu mṛdunā dāruṇena vā
43. Hereafter, I will explain the auspicious (śivā) cessation (nivṛtti) that brings about subtle states, which applies to all beings, whether attained through gentle or harsh means.
गुणागुणमनासङ्गमेकचर्यमनन्तरम् ।
एतद्ब्राह्मणतो वृत्तमाहुरेकपदं सुखम् ॥४४॥
44. guṇāguṇamanāsaṅgamekacaryamanantaram ,
etadbrāhmaṇato vṛttamāhurekapadaṁ sukham.
44. guṇāguṇam anāsaṅgam ekacaryam anantaram etat
brāhmaṇataḥ vṛttam āhuḥ ekapadam sukham
44. They declare that this conduct (vṛtta) - which is indifferent to merits and faults, free from attachment, solitary in its practice, and unceasing - is the path of a brahmin (brāhmaṇataḥ) and the sole source of happiness.
विद्वान्कूर्म इवाङ्गानि कामान्संहृत्य सर्वशः ।
विरजाः सर्वतो मुक्तो यो नरः स सुखी सदा ॥४५॥
45. vidvānkūrma ivāṅgāni kāmānsaṁhṛtya sarvaśaḥ ,
virajāḥ sarvato mukto yo naraḥ sa sukhī sadā.
45. vidvān kūrmaḥ iva aṅgāni kāmān saṃhṛtya sarvaśaḥ
virajāḥ sarvataḥ muktaḥ yaḥ naraḥ saḥ sukhī sadā
45. That person who, like a tortoise withdrawing its limbs, completely retracts all desires, and who is pure (viraja) and entirely liberated, that person is always truly happy.
कामानात्मनि संयम्य क्षीणतृष्णः समाहितः ।
सर्वभूतसुहृन्मैत्रो ब्रह्मभूयं स गच्छति ॥४६॥
46. kāmānātmani saṁyamya kṣīṇatṛṣṇaḥ samāhitaḥ ,
sarvabhūtasuhṛnmaitro brahmabhūyaṁ sa gacchati.
46. kāmān ātmani saṃyamya kṣīṇatṛṣṇaḥ samāhitaḥ
sarvabhūtasuhṛnmaitraḥ saḥ brahmabhūyam gacchati
46. He who, having restrained desires (kāma) within his self (ātman), whose craving is extinguished, who is perfectly composed, and who is a friend and well-wisher to all beings, that person attains the state of (brahman).
इन्द्रियाणां निरोधेन सर्वेषां विषयैषिणाम् ।
मुनेर्जनपदत्यागादध्यात्माग्निः समिध्यते ॥४७॥
47. indriyāṇāṁ nirodhena sarveṣāṁ viṣayaiṣiṇām ,
munerjanapadatyāgādadhyātmāgniḥ samidhyate.
47. indriyāṇām nirodhena sarveṣām viṣayaiṣiṇām
muneḥ janapadatyāgāt adhyātmāgniḥ samidhyate
47. adhyātmāgniḥ muneḥ sarveṣām viṣayaiṣiṇām
indriyāṇām nirodhena janapadatyāgāt samidhyate
47. The spiritual fire (adhyātmāgni) of a sage (muni) is kindled by the restraint of all senses that crave sense objects, and by the abandonment of inhabited places.
यथाग्निरिन्धनैरिद्धो महाज्योतिः प्रकाशते ।
तथेन्द्रियनिरोधेन महानात्मा प्रकाशते ॥४८॥
48. yathāgnirindhanairiddho mahājyotiḥ prakāśate ,
tathendriyanirodhena mahānātmā prakāśate.
48. yathā agniḥ indhanaiḥ iddhaḥ mahājyotiḥ prakāśate
tathā indriyanirodhena mahān ātmā prakāśate
48. yathā agniḥ indhanaiḥ iddhaḥ mahājyotiḥ prakāśate
tathā indriyanirodhena mahān ātmā prakāśate
48. Just as fire, when kindled by fuel, shines forth as a great light, so too, by the restraint of the senses, the great self (ātman) shines forth.
यदा पश्यति भूतानि प्रसन्नात्मात्मनो हृदि ।
स्वयंयोनिस्तदा सूक्ष्मात्सूक्ष्ममाप्नोत्यनुत्तमम् ॥४९॥
49. yadā paśyati bhūtāni prasannātmātmano hṛdi ,
svayaṁyonistadā sūkṣmātsūkṣmamāpnotyanuttamam.
49. yadā paśyati bhūtāni prasannātmā ātmanaḥ hṛdi
svayaṃyoniḥ tadā sūkṣmāt sūkṣmam āpnoti anuttamam
49. yadā prasannātmā ātmanaḥ hṛdi bhūtāni paśyati
tadā svayaṃyoniḥ sūkṣmāt sūkṣmam anuttamam āpnoti
49. When one, whose self (ātman) is serene, perceives all beings within one's own heart, then that self-existent (svayaṃyoni) being attains the subtle, the unsurpassed.
अग्नी रूपं पयः स्रोतो वायुः स्पर्शनमेव च ।
मही पङ्कधरं घोरमाकाशं श्रवणं तथा ॥५०॥
50. agnī rūpaṁ payaḥ sroto vāyuḥ sparśanameva ca ,
mahī paṅkadharaṁ ghoramākāśaṁ śravaṇaṁ tathā.
50. agnī rūpam payaḥ srotaḥ vāyuḥ sparśanam eva ca
mahī paṅkadharam ghoram ākāśam śravaṇam tathā
50. agnī rūpam payaḥ srotaḥ vāyuḥ sparśanam eva ca
mahī paṅkadharam ghoram ākāśam śravaṇam tathā
50. For fire, there is form; for water, there is flow; for air, there is touch; and indeed, for earth, there is the dreadful mud-bearing quality; and similarly, for space, there is hearing.
रागशोकसमाविष्टं पञ्चस्रोतःसमावृतम् ।
पञ्चभूतसमायुक्तं नवद्वारं द्विदैवतम् ॥५१॥
51. rāgaśokasamāviṣṭaṁ pañcasrotaḥsamāvṛtam ,
pañcabhūtasamāyuktaṁ navadvāraṁ dvidaivatam.
51. rāgaśoka-samāviṣṭam pañcasrotaḥ-samāvṛtam
pañcabhūta-samāyuktam navadvāram dvidaivatam
51. rāgaśoka-samāviṣṭam pañcasrotaḥ-samāvṛtam
pañcabhūta-samāyuktam navadvāram dvidaivatam
51. It (the body) is pervaded by attachment and sorrow, encompassed by the five streams (of sensory perception), composed of the five great elements, possessing nine gates, and governed by two principles.
रजस्वलमथादृश्यं त्रिगुणं च त्रिधातुकम् ।
संसर्गाभिरतं मूढं शरीरमिति धारणा ॥५२॥
52. rajasvalamathādṛśyaṁ triguṇaṁ ca tridhātukam ,
saṁsargābhirataṁ mūḍhaṁ śarīramiti dhāraṇā.
52. rajasvalam atha adṛśyam triguṇam ca tridhātukam
saṃsargābhiratam mūḍham śarīram iti dhāraṇā
52. śarīram rajasvalam atha adṛśyam triguṇam ca
tridhātukam saṃsargābhiratam mūḍham iti dhāraṇā
52. This is the conception (dhāraṇā) of the body (śarīra): it is characterized by activity (rajas), imperceptible (in its subtle form), composed of the three qualities (guṇas), having three humors (doṣas), delighting in worldly contact, and deluded.
दुश्चरं जीवलोकेऽस्मिन्सत्त्वं प्रति समाश्रितम् ।
एतदेव हि लोकेऽस्मिन्कालचक्रं प्रवर्तते ॥५३॥
53. duścaraṁ jīvaloke'sminsattvaṁ prati samāśritam ,
etadeva hi loke'sminkālacakraṁ pravartate.
53. duścaram jīvaloke asmin sattvam prati samāśritam
etat eva hi loke asmin kālacakram pravartate
53. asmin jīvaloke duścaram sattvam prati samāśritam.
hi etat eva asmin loke kālacakram pravartate.
53. This (embodied existence) is difficult to navigate in this world of living beings; it relies on individual beings (sattva). Indeed, it is this very (existence) in this world that causes the wheel of time (kālacakra) to revolve.
एतन्महार्णवं घोरमगाधं मोहसंज्ञितम् ।
विसृजेत्संक्षिपेच्चैव बोधयेत्सामरं जगत् ॥५४॥
54. etanmahārṇavaṁ ghoramagādhaṁ mohasaṁjñitam ,
visṛjetsaṁkṣipeccaiva bodhayetsāmaraṁ jagat.
54. etat mahārṇavam ghoram agādham mohasaṃjñitam
visṛjet saṃkṣipet ca eva bodhayet sāmaram jagat
54. etat ghoram agādham mohasaṃjñitam mahārṇavam (asti).
visṛjet ca eva saṃkṣipet.
sāmaram jagat bodhayet.
54. This (existence) is a vast, terrifying, unfathomable ocean, known as delusion (moha). Therefore, one should relinquish (attachment to it) and indeed, one should withdraw (from its illusions), and one should awaken the entire world (jagat), including its divine beings.
कामक्रोधौ भयं मोहमभिद्रोहमथानृतम् ।
इन्द्रियाणां निरोधेन स तांस्त्यजति दुस्त्यजान् ॥५५॥
55. kāmakrodhau bhayaṁ mohamabhidrohamathānṛtam ,
indriyāṇāṁ nirodhena sa tāṁstyajati dustyajān.
55. kāmakrodhau bhayam moham abhidroham atha anṛtam
indriyāṇām nirodhena saḥ tān tyajati dustyajān
55. saḥ indriyāṇām nirodhena tān dustyajān kāmakrodhau
bhayam moham abhidroham atha anṛtam tyajati
55. By restraining the senses, such a person abandons these difficult-to-relinquish qualities: desire (kāma), anger (krodha), fear, delusion, malice, and untruth.
यस्यैते निर्जिता लोके त्रिगुणाः पञ्च धातवः ।
व्योम्नि तस्य परं स्थानमनन्तमथ लक्ष्यते ॥५६॥
56. yasyaite nirjitā loke triguṇāḥ pañca dhātavaḥ ,
vyomni tasya paraṁ sthānamanantamatha lakṣyate.
56. yasya ete nirjitāḥ loke triguṇāḥ pañca dhātavaḥ
vyomni tasya param sthānam anantam atha lakṣyate
56. yasya loke ete triguṇāḥ pañca dhātavaḥ nirjitāḥ
tasya vyomni param anantam sthānam atha lakṣyate
56. For one by whom these three qualities (guṇas) and five basic elements (dhātus) are conquered in the world, his supreme, infinite abode is then perceived in the ether (vyoma).
कामकूलामपारान्तां मनःस्रोतोभयावहाम् ।
नदीं दुर्गह्रदां तीर्णः कामक्रोधावुभौ जयेत् ॥५७॥
57. kāmakūlāmapārāntāṁ manaḥsrotobhayāvahām ,
nadīṁ durgahradāṁ tīrṇaḥ kāmakrodhāvubhau jayet.
57. kāmakūlām apārāntām manaḥsrotobhayāvahām nadīm
durgahradām tīrṇaḥ kāmakrodhau ubhau jayet
57. tīrṇaḥ kāmakūlām apārāntām manaḥsrotobhayāvahām
durgahradām nadīm ubhau kāmakrodhau jayet
57. Having successfully crossed this river - one characterized by desire (kāma) as its banks, being boundless, generating fear through its mental currents, and possessing dangerous whirlpools - one should then conquer both desire (kāma) and anger (krodha).
स सर्वदोषनिर्मुक्तस्ततः पश्यति यत्परम् ।
मनो मनसि संधाय पश्यत्यात्मानमात्मनि ॥५८॥
58. sa sarvadoṣanirmuktastataḥ paśyati yatparam ,
mano manasi saṁdhāya paśyatyātmānamātmani.
58. saḥ sarvadoṣanirmuktaḥ tataḥ paśyati yat param
manaḥ manasi saṃdhāya paśyati ātmānam ātmani
58. saḥ sarvadoṣanirmuktaḥ tataḥ yat param paśyati
manaḥ manasi saṃdhāya ātmānam ātmani paśyati
58. Liberated from all faults, he then perceives that which is supreme. Having concentrated his mind (manas) within the self, he perceives the true self (ātman) within the supreme Self (ātman).
सर्ववित्सर्वभूतेषु वीक्षत्यात्मानमात्मनि ।
एकधा बहुधा चैव विकुर्वाणस्ततस्ततः ॥५९॥
59. sarvavitsarvabhūteṣu vīkṣatyātmānamātmani ,
ekadhā bahudhā caiva vikurvāṇastatastataḥ.
59. sarvavit sarvabhūteṣu vīkṣati ātmānam ātmani
ekadhā bahudhā ca eva vikurvāṇaḥ tataḥ tataḥ
59. The all-knower perceives the self (ātman) within the self (ātman) in all beings, manifesting both as one and in many forms, everywhere.
ध्रुवं पश्यति रूपाणि दीपाद्दीपशतं यथा ।
स वै विष्णुश्च मित्रश्च वरुणोऽग्निः प्रजापतिः ॥६०॥
60. dhruvaṁ paśyati rūpāṇi dīpāddīpaśataṁ yathā ,
sa vai viṣṇuśca mitraśca varuṇo'gniḥ prajāpatiḥ.
60. dhruvam paśyati rūpāṇi dīpāt dīpaśatam yathā saḥ
vai viṣṇuḥ ca mitraḥ ca varuṇaḥ agniḥ prajāpatiḥ
60. He constantly perceives forms, just as a hundred lamps might be lit from a single lamp. Indeed, he is Viṣṇu, Mitra, Varuṇa, Agni, and Prajāpati.
स हि धाता विधाता च स प्रभुः सर्वतोमुखः ।
हृदयं सर्वभूतानां महानात्मा प्रकाशते ॥६१॥
61. sa hi dhātā vidhātā ca sa prabhuḥ sarvatomukhaḥ ,
hṛdayaṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ mahānātmā prakāśate.
61. saḥ hi dhātā vidhātā ca saḥ prabhuḥ sarvatomukhaḥ
hṛdayam sarvabhūtānām mahān ātmā prakāśate
61. Indeed, he is the ordainer and the dispenser; he is the Lord, present everywhere. The great self (ātman) shines forth in the heart of all beings.
तं विप्रसंघाश्च सुरासुराश्च यक्षाः पिशाचाः पितरो वयांसि ।
रक्षोगणा भूतगणाश्च सर्वे महर्षयश्चैव सदा स्तुवन्ति ॥६२॥
62. taṁ viprasaṁghāśca surāsurāśca; yakṣāḥ piśācāḥ pitaro vayāṁsi ,
rakṣogaṇā bhūtagaṇāśca sarve; maharṣayaścaiva sadā stuvanti.
62. tam viprasaṅghāḥ ca surāsurāḥ ca
yakṣāḥ piśācāḥ pitaraḥ vayāṃsi
rakṣogaṇāḥ bhūtagaṇāḥ ca sarve
maharṣayaḥ ca eva sadā stuvanti
62. Groups of Brahmins, gods and demons, Yakṣas, Piśācas, ancestors (pitṛs), birds, hosts of Rākṣasas, and all hosts of spirits (bhūtas), as well as the great sages (ṛṣis) - all constantly praise him.