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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-59

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यौ तु स्यातां चरणेनोपपन्नौ यौ विद्यया सदृशौ जन्मना च ।
ताभ्यां दानं कतरस्मै विशिष्टमयाचमानाय च याचते च ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yau tu syātāṁ caraṇenopapannau; yau vidyayā sadṛśau janmanā ca ,
tābhyāṁ dānaṁ katarasmai viśiṣṭa;mayācamānāya ca yācate ca.
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca yau tu syātām
caraṇena upapannau yau vidyayā sadṛśau
janmanā ca tābhyām dānam katarasmai
viśiṣṭam ayācamānāya ca yācate ca
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca tu yau caraṇena
upapannau yau ca vidyayā janmanā
sadṛśau syātām tābhyām dānam katarasmai
ayācamānāya ca yācate ca viśiṣṭam
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'Now, regarding two individuals who are both endowed with proper conduct, and who are equal in learning and birth: to which of these two is a charitable gift (dāna) more excellent - to the one who does not ask, or to the one who asks?'
भीष्म उवाच ।
श्रेयो वै याचतः पार्थ दत्तमाहुरयाचते ।
अर्हत्तमो वै धृतिमान्कृपणादधृतात्मनः ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śreyo vai yācataḥ pārtha dattamāhurayācate ,
arhattamo vai dhṛtimānkṛpaṇādadhṛtātmanaḥ.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca śreyaḥ vai yācataḥ pārtha dattam āhuḥ
ayācate arhattamaḥ vai dhṛtimān kṛpaṇāt adhṛtātmanaḥ
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca pārtha,
vai dattam ayācate (dīyamānam) yācataḥ (labdhāt) śreyaḥ āhuḥ vai dhṛtimān arhattamaḥ adhṛtātmanaḥ kṛpaṇāt (uttaraḥ asti).
2. Bhishma said: "Indeed, O Pārtha, they say that giving to one who does not ask is superior to asking (for oneself). Truly, a self-controlled person (dhṛtimān) is the most worthy, better than a wretched individual (kṛpaṇāt) who lacks self-control."
क्षत्रियो रक्षणधृतिर्ब्राह्मणोऽनर्थनाधृतिः ।
ब्राह्मणो धृतिमान्विद्वान्देवान्प्रीणाति तुष्टिमान् ॥३॥
3. kṣatriyo rakṣaṇadhṛtirbrāhmaṇo'narthanādhṛtiḥ ,
brāhmaṇo dhṛtimānvidvāndevānprīṇāti tuṣṭimān.
3. kṣatriyaḥ rakṣaṇadhṛtiḥ brāhmaṇaḥ anarthanādhṛtiḥ
brāhmaṇaḥ dhṛtimān vidvān devān prīṇāti tuṣṭimān
3. kṣatriyaḥ rakṣaṇadhṛtiḥ (asti); brāhmaṇaḥ anarthanādhṛtiḥ (asti).
dhṛtimān vidvān tuṣṭimān brāhmaṇaḥ devān prīṇāti.
3. A kṣatriya's steadfastness (dhṛti) lies in protection, while a brahmin's steadfastness is in not seeking worldly gain. A brahmin who is self-controlled (dhṛtimān), learned, and content satisfies the gods.
याच्ञामाहुरनीशस्य अभिहारं च भारत ।
उद्वेजयति याचन्हि सदा भूतानि दस्युवत् ॥४॥
4. yācñāmāhuranīśasya abhihāraṁ ca bhārata ,
udvejayati yācanhi sadā bhūtāni dasyuvat.
4. yācñām āhuḥ anīśasya abhihāram ca bhārata
udvejayati yācan hi sadā bhūtāni dasyuvat
4. bhārata,
yācñām ca abhihāram anīśasya āhuḥ hi yācan sadā bhūtāni dasyuvat udvejayati.
4. O Bhārata, they say that begging (yācñā) and seizure (abhihāra) are characteristic of the powerless (anīśa). For indeed, a beggar always distresses beings like a robber.
म्रियते याचमानो वै तमनु म्रियते ददत् ।
ददत्संजीवयत्येनमात्मानं च युधिष्ठिर ॥५॥
5. mriyate yācamāno vai tamanu mriyate dadat ,
dadatsaṁjīvayatyenamātmānaṁ ca yudhiṣṭhira.
5. mriyate yācamānaḥ vai tam anu mriyate dadat
dadat saṃjīvayati enam ātmānam ca yudhiṣṭhira
5. vai yācamānaḥ mriyate; dadat tam anu api mriyate.
yudhiṣṭhira,
dadat enam ca ātmānam saṃjīvayati.
5. Indeed, a beggar (yācamānaḥ) dies (in terms of self-respect), and the one who gives to such a beggar also dies (spiritually). But, O Yudhiṣṭhira, by giving (righteously), one revives both that (worthy) person and one's own self (ātman).
आनृशंस्यं परो धर्मो याचते यत्प्रदीयते ।
अयाचतः सीदमानान्सर्वोपायैर्निमन्त्रय ॥६॥
6. ānṛśaṁsyaṁ paro dharmo yācate yatpradīyate ,
ayācataḥ sīdamānānsarvopāyairnimantraya.
6. ānṛśaṃsyam paramaḥ dharmaḥ yācate yat pradīyate
ayācataḥ sīdamānān sarvopāyaiḥ nimantraya
6. Non-cruelty (ānṛśaṃsya) is the supreme natural law (dharma). Whatever is given when one asks. You should invite, by all means, those who are suffering and not asking for help.
यदि वै तादृशा राष्ट्रे वसेयुस्ते द्विजोत्तमाः ।
भस्मच्छन्नानिवाग्नींस्तान्बुध्येथास्त्वं प्रयत्नतः ॥७॥
7. yadi vai tādṛśā rāṣṭre vaseyuste dvijottamāḥ ,
bhasmacchannānivāgnīṁstānbudhyethāstvaṁ prayatnataḥ.
7. yadi vai tādṛśāḥ rāṣṭre vaseyuḥ te dvijottamāḥ
bhasmacchannān iva agnīn tān budhyethāḥ tvam prayatnataḥ
7. If indeed such excellent twice-born (dvijottamāḥ) persons dwell in your kingdom, you should carefully recognize them as being like fires covered by ashes.
तपसा दीप्यमानास्ते दहेयुः पृथिवीमपि ।
पूज्या हि ज्ञानविज्ञानतपोयोगसमन्विताः ॥८॥
8. tapasā dīpyamānāste daheyuḥ pṛthivīmapi ,
pūjyā hi jñānavijñānatapoyogasamanvitāḥ.
8. tapasā dīpyamānāḥ te daheyuḥ pṛthivīm api
pūjyāḥ hi jñānavijñānatapoyogasamannvitāḥ
8. Shining with their austerity (tapas), they could even consume the entire earth. For they are indeed worthy of reverence, being endowed with knowledge (jñāna), spiritual wisdom (vijñāna), austerity (tapas), and spiritual discipline (yoga).
तेभ्यः पूजां प्रयुञ्जीथा ब्राह्मणेभ्यः परंतप ।
ददद्बहुविधान्दायानुपच्छन्दानयाचताम् ॥९॥
9. tebhyaḥ pūjāṁ prayuñjīthā brāhmaṇebhyaḥ paraṁtapa ,
dadadbahuvidhāndāyānupacchandānayācatām.
9. tebhyaḥ pūjām prayuñjīthāḥ brāhmaṇebhyaḥ paraṃtapa
dadat bahuvidhān dāyān anupacchandān ayācatām
9. O scorcher of foes (paraṃtapa), you should offer reverence to those brahmins, giving them many kinds of gifts unsolicited, even to those who do not ask.
यदग्निहोत्रे सुहुते सायंप्रातर्भवेत्फलम् ।
विद्यावेदव्रतवति तद्दानफलमुच्यते ॥१०॥
10. yadagnihotre suhute sāyaṁprātarbhavetphalam ,
vidyāvedavratavati taddānaphalamucyate.
10. yat agnihotre suhute sāyaṃprātar bhavet phalam
vidyāvedavratavati tat dānaphalam ucyate
10. yat phalam agnihotre suhute sāyaṃprātar bhavet,
tat dānaphalam vidyāvedavratavati ucyate
10. The fruit obtained from a well-performed "agnihotra" (Vedic fire ritual) offered morning and evening, is declared to be the same as the fruit of a donation given to one possessing learning, Vedic knowledge, and religious vows.
विद्यावेदव्रतस्नातानव्यपाश्रयजीविनः ।
गूढस्वाध्यायतपसो ब्राह्मणान्संशितव्रतान् ॥११॥
11. vidyāvedavratasnātānavyapāśrayajīvinaḥ ,
gūḍhasvādhyāyatapaso brāhmaṇānsaṁśitavratān.
11. vidyāvedavratasnātān anavyapāśrayajīvinaḥ
gūḍhasvādhyāyatapasaḥ brāhmaṇān saṃśitavratān
11. vidyāvedavratasnātān anavyapāśrayajīvinaḥ
gūḍhasvādhyāyatapasaḥ saṃśitavratān brāhmaṇān
11. Brahmins who have completed their studies in spiritual knowledge, Vedic scriptures, and sacred vows, who live independently without reliance on others for their livelihood, whose self-study and austerities ("tapas") are concealed, and whose vows are firm.
कृतैरावसथैर्हृद्यैः सप्रेष्यैः सपरिच्छदैः ।
निमन्त्रयेथाः कौन्तेय कामैश्चान्यैर्द्विजोत्तमान् ॥१२॥
12. kṛtairāvasathairhṛdyaiḥ sapreṣyaiḥ saparicchadaiḥ ,
nimantrayethāḥ kaunteya kāmaiścānyairdvijottamān.
12. kṛtaiḥ āvasathaiḥ hṛdyaiḥ sapreṣyaiḥ saparicchadaiḥ
nimantrayethāḥ kaunteya kāmaiḥ ca anyaiḥ dvijottamān
12. kaunteya dvijottamān kṛtaiḥ hṛdyaiḥ āvasathaiḥ sapreṣyaiḥ
saparicchadaiḥ anyaiḥ ca kāmaiḥ nimantrayethāḥ
12. O Kaunteya (son of Kuntī), you should invite these excellent Brahmins with well-prepared, charming dwellings, along with servants, other necessary provisions, and desirable gifts.
अपि ते प्रतिगृह्णीयुः श्रद्धापूतं युधिष्ठिर ।
कार्यमित्येव मन्वाना धर्मज्ञाः सूक्ष्मदर्शिनः ॥१३॥
13. api te pratigṛhṇīyuḥ śraddhāpūtaṁ yudhiṣṭhira ,
kāryamityeva manvānā dharmajñāḥ sūkṣmadarśinaḥ.
13. api te pratigṛhṇīyuḥ śraddhāpūtam yudhiṣṭhira
kāryam iti eva manvānāḥ dharmajñāḥ sūkṣmadarśinaḥ
13. yudhiṣṭhira api te dharmajñāḥ sūkṣmadarśinaḥ
'kāryam' iti eva manvānāḥ śraddhāpūtam pratigṛhṇīyuḥ
13. O Yudhishthira, they (the Brahmins) will indeed accept (your offering) – an offering purified by faith – considering it simply as 'what must be done,' for they are knowers of (dharma) (natural law) and possess subtle discernment.
अपि ते ब्राह्मणा भुक्त्वा गताः सोद्धरणान्गृहान् ।
येषां दाराः प्रतीक्षन्ते पर्जन्यमिव कर्षकाः ॥१४॥
14. api te brāhmaṇā bhuktvā gatāḥ soddharaṇāngṛhān ,
yeṣāṁ dārāḥ pratīkṣante parjanyamiva karṣakāḥ.
14. api te brāhmaṇāḥ bhuktvā gatāḥ soddharaṇān gṛhān
yeṣām dārāḥ pratīkṣante parjanyam iva karṣakāḥ
14. api te brāhmaṇāḥ bhuktvā soddharaṇān gṛhān gatāḥ
yeṣām dārāḥ karṣakāḥ parjanyam iva pratīkṣante
14. Have those brahmins, having eaten, departed to their homes with their assigned portions? Their wives await them like farmers eagerly anticipate the rain.
अन्नानि प्रातःसवने नियता ब्रह्मचारिणः ।
ब्राह्मणास्तात भुञ्जानास्त्रेताग्नीन्प्रीणयन्तु ते ॥१५॥
15. annāni prātaḥsavane niyatā brahmacāriṇaḥ ,
brāhmaṇāstāta bhuñjānāstretāgnīnprīṇayantu te.
15. annāni prātaḥ-savane niyatāḥ brahmacāriṇaḥ
brāhmaṇāḥ tāta bhuñjānāḥ tretā-agnīn prīṇayantu te
15. tāta te niyatāḥ brahmacāriṇaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ
prātaḥ-savane annāni bhuñjānāḥ tretā-agnīn prīṇayantu
15. My dear father (tāta), may those disciplined brahmin students (brahmacāriṇaḥ), partaking of the meals at the morning "Vedic ritual" (savana), satisfy your three sacred fires.
माध्यंदिनं ते सवनं ददतस्तात वर्तताम् ।
गा हिरण्यानि वासांसि तेनेन्द्रः प्रीयतां तव ॥१६॥
16. mādhyaṁdinaṁ te savanaṁ dadatastāta vartatām ,
gā hiraṇyāni vāsāṁsi tenendraḥ prīyatāṁ tava.
16. mādhyandinam te savanam dadatas tāta vartatām
gāḥ hiraṇyāni vāsāṃsi tena indraḥ prīyatām tava
16. tāta te mādhyandinam savanam gāḥ hiraṇyāni
vāsāṃsi dadatas vartatām tena tava indraḥ prīyatām
16. My dear father (tāta), may your midday "Vedic ritual" (savana) proceed as you give cows, gold, and garments. By this, may your Indra be pleased.
तृतीयं सवनं तत्ते वैश्वदेवं युधिष्ठिर ।
यद्देवेभ्यः पितृभ्यश्च विप्रेभ्यश्च प्रयच्छसि ॥१७॥
17. tṛtīyaṁ savanaṁ tatte vaiśvadevaṁ yudhiṣṭhira ,
yaddevebhyaḥ pitṛbhyaśca viprebhyaśca prayacchasi.
17. tṛtīyam savanam tat te vaiśvadevam yudhiṣṭhira yat
devebhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ ca viprebhyaḥ ca prayacchasi
17. yudhiṣṭhira tat te tṛtīyam savanam vaiśvadevam yat
devebhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ ca viprebhyaḥ ca prayacchasi
17. O Yudhishthira, that third "Vedic ritual" (savana) of yours is the universal offering (vaiśvadeva), because you give to the gods, to the ancestors, and to the brahmins.
अहिंसा सर्वभूतेभ्यः संविभागश्च सर्वशः ।
दमस्त्यागो धृतिः सत्यं भवत्ववभृथाय ते ॥१८॥
18. ahiṁsā sarvabhūtebhyaḥ saṁvibhāgaśca sarvaśaḥ ,
damastyāgo dhṛtiḥ satyaṁ bhavatvavabhṛthāya te.
18. ahiṃsā sarvabhūtebhyaḥ saṃvibhāgaḥ ca sarvaśaḥ
damaḥ tyāgaḥ dhṛtiḥ satyam bhavatu avabhṛthāya te
18. te ahiṃsā sarvabhūtebhyaḥ ca sarvaśaḥ saṃvibhāgaḥ
damaḥ tyāgaḥ dhṛtiḥ satyam avabhṛthāya bhavatu
18. May non-violence towards all beings, complete sharing, self-restraint, renunciation, fortitude, and truth serve as your concluding ritual purification (avabhṛtha).
एष ते विततो यज्ञः श्रद्धापूतः सदक्षिणः ।
विशिष्टः सर्वयज्ञेभ्यो नित्यं तात प्रवर्तताम् ॥१९॥
19. eṣa te vitato yajñaḥ śraddhāpūtaḥ sadakṣiṇaḥ ,
viśiṣṭaḥ sarvayajñebhyo nityaṁ tāta pravartatām.
19. eṣaḥ te vitataḥ yajñaḥ śraddhāpūtaḥ sadakṣiṇaḥ
viśiṣṭaḥ sarvayajñebhyaḥ nityam tāta pravartatām
19. tāta te eṣaḥ śraddhāpūtaḥ sadakṣiṇaḥ vitataḥ
yajñaḥ sarvayajñebhyaḥ viśiṣṭaḥ nityam pravartatām
19. This extensive Vedic ritual (yajña) of yours, purified by faith (śraddhā) and accompanied by ritual fees, which is superior to all other Vedic rituals, O dear son, may it always continue.