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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-20

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धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
सूर्योदये संजय के नु पूर्वं युयुत्सवो हृष्यमाणा इवासन् ।
मामका वा भीष्मनेत्राः समीके पाण्डवा वा भीमनेत्रास्तदानीम् ॥१॥
1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
sūryodaye saṁjaya ke nu pūrvaṁ; yuyutsavo hṛṣyamāṇā ivāsan ,
māmakā vā bhīṣmanetrāḥ samīke; pāṇḍavā vā bhīmanetrāstadānīm.
1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca sūryodaye saṃjaya
ke nu pūrvam yuyutsavaḥ hṛṣyamāṇāḥ
iva āsan māmakāḥ vā bhīṣmanetrāḥ
samīke pāṇḍavāḥ vā bhīmanetrāḥ tadānīm
1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca saṃjaya sūryodaye pūrvam ke yuyutsavaḥ hṛṣyamāṇāḥ iva nu āsan? samīke bhīṣmanetrāḥ māmakāḥ vā,
tadānīm bhīmanetrāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ vā (āsan)?
1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: 'O Sañjaya, at sunrise, who then were the first, eager to fight and, as it were, rejoicing? Was it my sons (māmakāḥ) led by Bhīṣma in the engagement, or the Pāṇḍavas led by Bhīma at that time?'
केषां जघन्यौ सोमसूर्यौ सवायू केषां सेनां श्वापदा व्याभषन्त ।
केषां यूनां मुखवर्णाः प्रसन्नाः सर्वं ह्येतद्ब्रूहि तत्त्वं यथावत् ॥२॥
2. keṣāṁ jaghanyau somasūryau savāyū; keṣāṁ senāṁ śvāpadā vyābhaṣanta ,
keṣāṁ yūnāṁ mukhavarṇāḥ prasannāḥ; sarvaṁ hyetadbrūhi tattvaṁ yathāvat.
2. keṣām jaghanyau somasūryau savāyū
keṣām senām śvāpadāḥ vyābhaṣanta
keṣām yūnām mukhavarṇāḥ prasannāḥ
sarvam hi etat brūhi tattvam yathāvat
2. keṣām somasūryau savāyū jaghanyau? keṣām senām śvāpadāḥ vyābhaṣanta? keṣām yūnām mukhavarṇāḥ prasannāḥ? hi etat sarvam tattvam yathāvat brūhi.
2. Whose moon, sun, and wind are positioned unfavorably? At whose army do wild animals howl? Whose young men have cheerful countenances? Tell me all this truth exactly as it is.
संजय उवाच ।
उभे सेने तुल्यमिवोपयाते उभे व्यूहे हृष्टरूपे नरेन्द्र ।
उभे चित्रे वनराजिप्रकाशे तथैवोभे नागरथाश्वपूर्णे ॥३॥
3. saṁjaya uvāca ,
ubhe sene tulyamivopayāte; ubhe vyūhe hṛṣṭarūpe narendra ,
ubhe citre vanarājiprakāśe; tathaivobhe nāgarathāśvapūrṇe.
3. saṃjaya uvāca ubhe sene tulyam iva
upayāte ubhe vyūhe hṛṣṭarūpe
narendra ubhe citre vanarājiprakāśe
tatha eva ubhe nāgarathāśvapūrṇe
3. saṃjaya uvāca: narendra,
ubhe sene tulyam iva upayāte.
ubhe vyūhe hṛṣṭarūpe.
ubhe citre vanarājiprakāśe.
tatha eva ubhe nāgarathāśvapūrṇe (āsan).
3. Sanjaya said: O King, both armies appeared to have arrived equally, and both their battle formations looked spirited. Both were striking, shining like dense forest lines, and both, similarly, were filled with elephants, chariots, and horses.
उभे सेने बृहती भीमरूपे तथैवोभे भारत दुर्विषह्ये ।
तथैवोभे स्वर्गजयाय सृष्टे तथा ह्युभे सत्पुरुषार्यगुप्ते ॥४॥
4. ubhe sene bṛhatī bhīmarūpe; tathaivobhe bhārata durviṣahye ,
tathaivobhe svargajayāya sṛṣṭe; tathā hyubhe satpuruṣāryagupte.
4. ubhe sene bṛhatī bhīmarūpe tatha
eva ubhe bhārata durviṣahye
tatha eva ubhe svargajayāya sṛṣṭe
tathā hi ubhe satpuruṣāryagupte
4. bhārata,
ubhe sene bṛhatī bhīmarūpe.
tatha eva ubhe durviṣahye.
tatha eva ubhe svargajayāya sṛṣṭe.
tathā hi ubhe satpuruṣāryagupte.
4. O Bharata, both armies were immense and fearsome in appearance, and both, similarly, were formidable. Both, likewise, were created for the conquest of heaven, and indeed, both were protected by noble and virtuous men.
पश्चान्मुखाः कुरवो धार्तराष्ट्राः स्थिताः पार्थाः प्राङ्मुखा योत्स्यमानाः ।
दैत्येन्द्रसेनेव च कौरवाणां देवेन्द्रसेनेव च पाण्डवानाम् ॥५॥
5. paścānmukhāḥ kuravo dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ; sthitāḥ pārthāḥ prāṅmukhā yotsyamānāḥ ,
daityendraseneva ca kauravāṇāṁ; devendraseneva ca pāṇḍavānām.
5. paścātmukhāḥ kuravaḥ dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ
sthitāḥ pārthāḥ prāṅmukhāḥ yotsyamānāḥ
daityendrasenā iva ca kauravāṇām
devendrasenā iva ca pāṇḍavānām
5. kuravaḥ dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ paścātmukhāḥ sthitāḥ.
pārthāḥ prāṅmukhāḥ yotsyamānāḥ (sthitāḥ).
kauravāṇām senā ca daityendrasenā iva.
pāṇḍavānām senā ca devendrasenā iva.
5. The Kurus, the sons of Dhritarashtra, were arrayed facing west. The sons of Pritha (Pandavas) were positioned facing east, ready to fight. The army of the Kauravas resembled the army of the chief of the demons, while the army of the Pandavas resembled that of the chief of the gods.
शुक्रो वायुः पृष्ठतः पाण्डवानां धार्तराष्ट्राञ्श्वापदा व्याभषन्त ।
गजेन्द्राणां मदगन्धांश्च तीव्रान्न सेहिरे तव पुत्रस्य नागाः ॥६॥
6. śukro vāyuḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ pāṇḍavānāṁ; dhārtarāṣṭrāñśvāpadā vyābhaṣanta ,
gajendrāṇāṁ madagandhāṁśca tīvrā;nna sehire tava putrasya nāgāḥ.
6. śukraḥ vāyuḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ pāṇḍavānām
dhārtarāṣṭrān śvāpadāḥ vyābhaṣanta
gajendrāṇām madagandhān ca tīvrān
na sehire tava putrasya nāgāḥ
6. pāṇḍavānām pṛṣṭhataḥ śukraḥ vāyuḥ
(āsīt) dhārtarāṣṭrān śvāpadāḥ vyābhaṣanta
(ca) tava putrasya nāgāḥ gajendrāṇām
tīvrān madagandhān ca na sehire
6. A favorable wind blew from behind the Pāṇḍavas, while beasts of prey howled at the Dhārtarāṣṭras. Furthermore, the elephants (nāgāḥ) of your son could not endure the intense rut-scent of the lordly elephants (gajendrāṇām).
दुर्योधनो हस्तिनं पद्मवर्णं सुवर्णकक्ष्यं जातिबलं प्रभिन्नम् ।
समास्थितो मध्यगतः कुरूणां संस्तूयमानो बन्दिभिर्मागधैश्च ॥७॥
7. duryodhano hastinaṁ padmavarṇaṁ; suvarṇakakṣyaṁ jātibalaṁ prabhinnam ,
samāsthito madhyagataḥ kurūṇāṁ; saṁstūyamāno bandibhirmāgadhaiśca.
7. duryodhanaḥ hastinam padmavarṇam
suvarṇakakṣyam jātibalam prabhinnam
samāsthitaḥ madhyagataḥ kurūṇām
saṃstūyamānaḥ bandibhiḥ māgadhaiḥ ca
7. duryodhanaḥ padmavarṇam suvarṇakakṣyam
jātibalam prabhinnam hastinam
samāsthitaḥ kurūṇām madhyagataḥ bandibhiḥ
māgadhaiḥ ca saṃstūyamānaḥ (āsīt)
7. Duryodhana was positioned in the midst of the Kaurava army, mounted on a lotus-colored elephant. This elephant was adorned with golden trappings, possessed inherent strength, and was in rut, while Duryodhana himself was being extolled by bards and panegyrists.
चन्द्रप्रभं श्वेतमस्यातपत्रं सौवर्णी स्रग्भ्राजते चोत्तमाङ्गे ।
तं सर्वतः शकुनिः पार्वतीयैः सार्धं गान्धारैः पाति गान्धारराजः ॥८॥
8. candraprabhaṁ śvetamasyātapatraṁ; sauvarṇī sragbhrājate cottamāṅge ,
taṁ sarvataḥ śakuniḥ pārvatīyaiḥ; sārdhaṁ gāndhāraiḥ pāti gāndhārarājaḥ.
8. candraprabham śvetam asya ātapatram
sauvarṇī srak bhrājate ca uttamāṅge
tam sarvataḥ śakuniḥ pārvatīyaiḥ
sārdham gāndhāraiḥ pāti gāndhārarājaḥ
8. candraprabham śvetam asya ātapatram
(āsīt) uttamāṅge ca sauvarṇī srak bhrājate
gāndhārarājaḥ śakuniḥ tam pārvatīyaiḥ
gāndhāraiḥ ca sārdham sarvataḥ pāti
8. A white umbrella, radiant like the moon, was held over him, and a golden garland gleamed on his head. King Śakuni of Gandhāra, along with the mountain tribes (pārvatīyaiḥ) and the Gandhāras, protected him (Duryodhana) from all sides.
भीष्मोऽग्रतः सर्वसैन्यस्य वृद्धः श्वेतच्छत्रः श्वेतधनुः सशङ्खः ।
श्वेतोष्णीषः पाण्डुरेण ध्वजेन श्वेतैरश्वैः श्वेतशैलप्रकाशः ॥९॥
9. bhīṣmo'grataḥ sarvasainyasya vṛddhaḥ; śvetacchatraḥ śvetadhanuḥ saśaṅkhaḥ ,
śvetoṣṇīṣaḥ pāṇḍureṇa dhvajena; śvetairaśvaiḥ śvetaśailaprakāśaḥ.
9. bhīṣmaḥ agrataḥ sarvasainyasya
vṛddhaḥ śvetacchatraḥ śvetadhanuḥ
saśankhaḥ śvetoṣṇīṣaḥ pāṇḍureṇa dhvajena
śvetaiḥ aśvaiḥ śvetaśailaprakāśaḥ
9. vṛddhaḥ bhīṣmaḥ sarvasainyasya agrataḥ
(āsīt) śvetacchatraḥ śvetadhanuḥ saśankhaḥ
śvetoṣṇīṣaḥ pāṇḍureṇa dhvajena śvetaiḥ
aśvaiḥ (sahitaḥ) śvetaśailaprakāśaḥ (āsīt)
9. The aged Bhīṣma stood at the forefront of the entire army, distinguished by his white umbrella, white bow, and a conch. He wore a white turban, and his pale-white banner fluttered, while his white horses made him shine like a white mountain.
तस्य सैन्यं धार्तराष्ट्राश्च सर्वे बाह्लीकानामेकदेशः शलश्च ।
ये चाम्बष्ठाः क्षत्रिया ये च सिन्धौ तथा सौवीराः पञ्चनदाश्च शूराः ॥१०॥
10. tasya sainyaṁ dhārtarāṣṭrāśca sarve; bāhlīkānāmekadeśaḥ śalaśca ,
ye cāmbaṣṭhāḥ kṣatriyā ye ca sindhau; tathā sauvīrāḥ pañcanadāśca śūrāḥ.
10. tasya sainyaṃ dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ ca sarve
bāhlīkānām ekadeśaḥ śalaḥ ca ye ca
ambaṣṭhāḥ kṣatriyāḥ ye ca sindhau
tathā sauvīrāḥ pañcanadāḥ ca śūrāḥ
10. tasya sainyaṃ sarve dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ ca,
bāhlīkānām ekadeśaḥ ca śalaḥ,
ye ca ambaṣṭhāḥ kṣatriyāḥ ye ca sindhau tathā sauvīrāḥ pañcanadāḥ ca śūrāḥ
10. His army includes all the sons of Dhritarashtra, a portion of the Bahlikas, and Shala. Also, there are the Ambastha Kshatriyas, those from Sindhu, and likewise the brave Sauviras and Pañcanadas.
शोणैर्हयै रुक्मरथो महात्मा द्रोणो महाबाहुरदीनसत्त्वः ।
आस्ते गुरुः प्रयशाः सर्वराज्ञां पश्चाच्चमूमिन्द्र इवाभिरक्षन् ॥११॥
11. śoṇairhayai rukmaratho mahātmā; droṇo mahābāhuradīnasattvaḥ ,
āste guruḥ prayaśāḥ sarvarājñāṁ; paścāccamūmindra ivābhirakṣan.
11. śoṇaiḥ hayaiḥ rukmarathaḥ mahātmā
droṇaḥ mahābāhuḥ adīnasattvaḥ
āste guruḥ prayaśāḥ sarvarājñām
paścāt camūm indraḥ iva abhirakṣan
11. mahātmā mahābāhuḥ adīnasattvaḥ prayaśāḥ sarvarājñām guruḥ droṇaḥ śoṇaiḥ hayaiḥ rukmarathaḥ,
paścāt indraḥ iva camūm abhirakṣan āste
11. The great-souled Drona, mighty-armed and of unyielding spirit, with red horses and a golden chariot, sits as the renowned teacher (guru) of all kings, protecting the army from the rear like Indra.
वार्द्धक्षत्रिः सर्वसैन्यस्य मध्ये भूरिश्रवाः पुरुमित्रो जयश्च ।
शाल्वा मत्स्याः केकयाश्चापि सर्वे गजानीकैर्भ्रातरो योत्स्यमानाः ॥१२॥
12. vārddhakṣatriḥ sarvasainyasya madhye; bhūriśravāḥ purumitro jayaśca ,
śālvā matsyāḥ kekayāścāpi sarve; gajānīkairbhrātaro yotsyamānāḥ.
12. vāddhakṣatriḥ sarvasainyasya madhye
bhūriśravāḥ purumitraḥ jayaḥ ca
śālvāḥ matsyāḥ kekayāḥ ca api sarve
gajānīkaiḥ bhrātaraḥ yotsyamānāḥ
12. vāddhakṣatriḥ,
bhūriśravāḥ,
purumitraḥ ca jayaḥ sarvasainyasya madhye [santi].
tathā śālvāḥ,
matsyāḥ,
ca sarve kekayāḥ api gajānīkaiḥ bhrātaraḥ [sahitaḥ] yotsyamānāḥ [santi].
12. Vardhakshatri, Bhurishravas, Purumitra, and Jaya are in the midst of the entire army. Also, all the Salvas, Matsyas, and Kekayas, along with their brothers, are prepared to fight with elephant divisions.
शारद्वतश्चोत्तरधूर्महात्मा महेष्वासो गौतमश्चित्रयोधी ।
शकैः किरातैर्यवनैः पह्लवैश्च सार्धं चमूमुत्तरतोऽभिपाति ॥१३॥
13. śāradvataścottaradhūrmahātmā; maheṣvāso gautamaścitrayodhī ,
śakaiḥ kirātairyavanaiḥ pahlavaiśca; sārdhaṁ camūmuttarato'bhipāti.
13. śāradvataḥ ca uttaradhūr mahātmā
maheṣvāsaḥ gautamaḥ citrayodhī
śakaiḥ kirātaiḥ yavanaiḥ pahlavaiḥ
ca sārdham camūm uttarataḥ abhipāti
13. mahātmā maheṣvāsaḥ citrayodhī śāradvataḥ ca gautamaḥ uttaradhūr [san],
śakaiḥ kirātaiḥ yavanaiḥ pahlavaiḥ ca sārdham uttarataḥ camūm abhipāti.
13. And the great-souled Gautama, son of Sharadvat, bearing the northern command, a great archer, and a wondrous fighter, protects the army from the north along with the Sakas, Kiratas, Yavanas, and Pahlavas.
महारथैरन्धकवृष्णिभोजैः सौराष्ट्रकैर्नैरृतैरात्तशस्त्रैः ।
बृहद्बलः कृतवर्माभिगुप्तो बलं त्वदीयं दक्षिणतोऽभिपाति ॥१४॥
14. mahārathairandhakavṛṣṇibhojaiḥ; saurāṣṭrakairnairṛtairāttaśastraiḥ ,
bṛhadbalaḥ kṛtavarmābhigupto; balaṁ tvadīyaṁ dakṣiṇato'bhipāti.
14. mahārathaiḥ andhakavṛṣṇibhojaiḥ
saurāṣṭrakaiḥ nairṛtaiḥ āttaśastraiḥ
bṛhadbalaḥ kṛtavarmābhiguptaḥ
balam tvadīyam dakṣiṇataḥ abhipāti
14. bṛhadbalaḥ kṛtavarmābhiguptaḥ
mahārathaiḥ andhakavṛṣṇibhojaiḥ
saurāṣṭrakaiḥ nairṛtaiḥ āttaśastraiḥ
dakṣiṇataḥ tvadīyam balam abhipāti
14. Bṛhadbala, protected by Kṛtavarmā, defends your army from the south, accompanied by great warriors (mahārathas) from the Andhakas, Vṛṣṇis, and Bhojas, along with those from Saurāṣṭra and the Nairṛtas, all of whom are armed with weapons.
संशप्तकानामयुतं रथानां मृत्युर्जयो वार्जुनस्येति सृष्टाः ।
येनार्जुनस्तेन राजन्कृतास्त्राः प्रयाता वै ते त्रिगर्ताश्च शूराः ॥१५॥
15. saṁśaptakānāmayutaṁ rathānāṁ; mṛtyurjayo vārjunasyeti sṛṣṭāḥ ,
yenārjunastena rājankṛtāstrāḥ; prayātā vai te trigartāśca śūrāḥ.
15. saṃśaptakānām ayutam rathānām mṛtyuḥ
jayaḥ vā arjunasya iti sṛṣṭāḥ
yena arjunaḥ tena rājan kṛtāstrāḥ
prayātāḥ vai te trigartāḥ ca śūrāḥ
15. rājan saṃśaptakānām rathānām ayutam
mṛtyuḥ vā arjunasya iti sṛṣṭāḥ
yena arjunaḥ tena kṛtāstrāḥ te
śūrāḥ trigartāḥ ca vai prayātāḥ
15. O King (rājan), ten thousand chariots of Saṃśaptakas have been deployed with the oath 'Death or victory against Arjuna'. Indeed, those brave Trigartas, skilled in weaponry, have set out against Arjuna.
साग्रं शतसहस्रं तु नागानां तव भारत ।
नागे नागे रथशतं शतं चाश्वा रथे रथे ॥१६॥
16. sāgraṁ śatasahasraṁ tu nāgānāṁ tava bhārata ,
nāge nāge rathaśataṁ śataṁ cāśvā rathe rathe.
16. sāgram śatasahasram tu nāgānām tava bhārata
nāge nāge rathaśatam śatam ca aśvāḥ rathe rathe
16. bhārata tava nāgānām tu sāgram śatasahasram (asti) nāge nāge rathaśatam (asti),
ca rathe rathe śatam aśvāḥ (santi)
16. O Bhārata, your army indeed comprises more than one hundred thousand elephants (nāgas). On each elephant, there are a hundred chariots, and on each chariot, a hundred horses.
अश्वेऽश्वे दश धानुष्का धानुष्के दश चर्मिणः ।
एवं व्यूढान्यनीकानि भीष्मेण तव भारत ॥१७॥
17. aśve'śve daśa dhānuṣkā dhānuṣke daśa carmiṇaḥ ,
evaṁ vyūḍhānyanīkāni bhīṣmeṇa tava bhārata.
17. aśve aśve daśa dhānuṣkāḥ dhānuṣke daśa carmiṇaḥ
evam vyūḍhāni anīkāni bhīṣmeṇa tava bhārata
17. bhārata aśve aśve daśa dhānuṣkāḥ (santi) dhānuṣke daśa
carmiṇaḥ (santi) evam tava anīkāni bhīṣmeṇa vyūḍhāni (santi)
17. On each horse, there are ten archers, and for each archer, there are ten shield-bearers. In this manner, O Bhārata, your armies (anīkāni) have been arrayed (vyūḍhāni) by Bhīṣma.
अव्यूहन्मानुषं व्यूहं दैवं गान्धर्वमासुरम् ।
दिवसे दिवसे प्राप्ते भीष्मः शांतनवोऽग्रणीः ॥१८॥
18. avyūhanmānuṣaṁ vyūhaṁ daivaṁ gāndharvamāsuram ,
divase divase prāpte bhīṣmaḥ śāṁtanavo'graṇīḥ.
18. avyūhan mānuṣam vyūham daivam gāndharvam āsuram
divase divase prāpte bhīṣmaḥ śāntanavaḥ agraṇīḥ
18. divase divase prāpte bhīṣmaḥ śāntanavaḥ agraṇīḥ
mānuṣam daivam gāndharvam āsuram vyūham avyūhan
18. Day after day, as each day arrived, Bhishma, the leader (agraṇī) and son of Śāntanu, would arrange various battle formations: human, divine, Gandharva, and demonic.
महारथौघविपुलः समुद्र इव पर्वणि ।
भीष्मेण धार्तराष्ट्राणां व्यूहः प्रत्यङ्मुखो युधि ॥१९॥
19. mahārathaughavipulaḥ samudra iva parvaṇi ,
bhīṣmeṇa dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṁ vyūhaḥ pratyaṅmukho yudhi.
19. mahārathaughavipulaḥ samudraḥ iva parvaṇi bhīṣmeṇa
dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām vyūhaḥ pratyaṅmukhaḥ yudhi
19. yudhi bhīṣmeṇa dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām pratyaṅmukhaḥ
vyūhaḥ mahārathaughavipulaḥ parvaṇi samudraḥ iva
19. In battle (yudhi), Bhishma's formation for the sons of Dhritarashtra faced westward, vast with throngs of great charioteers, like an ocean at its peak during the full or new moon.
अनन्तरूपा ध्वजिनी त्वदीया नरेन्द्र भीमा न तु पाण्डवानाम् ।
तां त्वेव मन्ये बृहतीं दुष्प्रधृष्यां यस्या नेतारौ केशवश्चार्जुनश्च ॥२०॥
20. anantarūpā dhvajinī tvadīyā; narendra bhīmā na tu pāṇḍavānām ,
tāṁ tveva manye bṛhatīṁ duṣpradhṛṣyāṁ; yasyā netārau keśavaścārjunaśca.
20. anantarūpā dhvajinī tvadīyā narendra
bhīmā na tu pāṇḍavānām tām tu
eva manye bṛhatīm duṣpradhṛṣyām
yasyāḥ netārau keśavaḥ ca arjunaḥ ca
20. narendra tvadīyā dhvajinī anantarūpā bhīmā tu pāṇḍavānām na.
yasyāḥ netārau keśavaḥ ca arjunaḥ ca,
tām eva bṛhatīm duṣpradhṛṣyām tu manye.
20. O King (narendra), your army is formidable and boasts diverse formations, but this is not true of the Pandavas' army. However, that (the Pandava army) I consider to be truly vast and unconquerable, because its two leaders are Krishna (keśava) and Arjuna.