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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-313

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भीष्म उवाच ।
ततः स राजा जनको मन्त्रिभिः सह भारत ।
पुरः पुरोहितं कृत्वा सर्वाण्यन्तःपुराणि च ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tataḥ sa rājā janako mantribhiḥ saha bhārata ,
puraḥ purohitaṁ kṛtvā sarvāṇyantaḥpurāṇi ca.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tataḥ saḥ rājā janakaḥ mantribhiḥ saha
bhārata puraḥ purohitam kṛtvā sarvāṇi antaḥpurāṇi ca
1. bhārata bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tataḥ saḥ rājā janakaḥ mantribhiḥ
saha puraḥ purohitam sarvāṇi antaḥpurāṇi ca kṛtvā
1. Bhishma said: "Then, O Bharata, King Janaka, accompanied by his ministers, and with his family priest (purohita) and all the women of the inner apartments leading the way, and presenting a seat and various jewels, reverently took the water offering (arghya) with his head.
आसनं च पुरस्कृत्य रत्नानि विविधानि च ।
शिरसा चार्घ्यमादाय गुरुपुत्रं समभ्यगात् ॥२॥
2. āsanaṁ ca puraskṛtya ratnāni vividhāni ca ,
śirasā cārghyamādāya guruputraṁ samabhyagāt.
2. āsanam ca puraskṛtya ratnāni vividhāni ca
śirasā ca arghyam ādāya guruputram samabhyagāt
2. ca āsanam ca vividhāni ratnāni puraskṛtya ca
śirasā arghyam ādāya guruputram samabhyagāt
2. He then approached the son of his preceptor (guru), Shuka.
स तदासनमादाय बहुरत्नविभूषितम् ।
स्पर्ध्यास्तरणसंस्तीर्णं सर्वतोभद्रमृद्धिमत् ॥३॥
3. sa tadāsanamādāya bahuratnavibhūṣitam ,
spardhyāstaraṇasaṁstīrṇaṁ sarvatobhadramṛddhimat.
3. saḥ tat āsanam ādāya bahuratnavibhūṣitam spardhya
āstaraṇa saṃstīrṇam sarvatobhadram ṛddhimat
3. saḥ bahuratnavibhūṣitam spardhya āstaraṇa
saṃstīrṇam sarvatobhadram ṛddhimat tat āsanam ādāya
3. The king, taking that magnificent seat - adorned with many jewels, spread with a splendid covering, auspicious in all respects, and highly revered -
पुरोधसा संगृहीतं हस्तेनालभ्य पार्थिवः ।
प्रददौ गुरुपुत्राय शुकाय परमार्चितम् ॥४॥
4. purodhasā saṁgṛhītaṁ hastenālabhya pārthivaḥ ,
pradadau guruputrāya śukāya paramārcitam.
4. purodhasā saṃgṛhītam hastena ālabhya pārthivaḥ
pradadau guruputrāya śukāya paramārcitam
4. pārthivaḥ purodhasā saṃgṛhītam paramārcitam
hastena ālabhya guruputrāya śukāya pradadau
4. - which had been arranged by his family priest (purohita), touched it with his hand and offered it to Shuka, the preceptor's son (guruputra).
तत्रोपविष्टं तं कार्ष्णिं शास्त्रतः प्रत्यपूजयत् ।
पाद्यं निवेद्य प्रथममर्घ्यं गां च न्यवेदयत् ।
स च तां मन्त्रवत्पूजां प्रत्यगृह्णाद्यथाविधि ॥५॥
5. tatropaviṣṭaṁ taṁ kārṣṇiṁ śāstrataḥ pratyapūjayat ,
pādyaṁ nivedya prathamamarghyaṁ gāṁ ca nyavedayat ,
sa ca tāṁ mantravatpūjāṁ pratyagṛhṇādyathāvidhi.
5. tatra upaviṣṭam tam kārṣṇim śāstrataḥ
prati apūjayat pādyam nivedya prathamam
arghyam gām ca nyavedayat saḥ ca tām
mantravat pūjām prati agṛhṇāt yathāvidhi
5. saḥ kārṣṇim tatra upaviṣṭam tam śāstrataḥ
prati apūjayat prathamam pādyam nivedya
arghyam gām ca nyavedayat saḥ ca tām
mantravat pūjām yathāvidhi prati agṛhṇāt
5. He honored Kārṣṇi, who was seated there, in accordance with the scriptures. First, presenting water for the feet, he then offered the ceremonial arghya and a cow. And Kārṣṇi, for his part, accepted that worship (pūjā), which was accompanied by mantras, in the prescribed manner.
प्रतिगृह्य च तां पूजां जनकाद्द्विजसत्तमः ।
गां चैव समनुज्ञाय राजानमनुमान्य च ॥६॥
6. pratigṛhya ca tāṁ pūjāṁ janakāddvijasattamaḥ ,
gāṁ caiva samanujñāya rājānamanumānya ca.
6. pratigṛhya ca tām pūjām janakāt dvijasattamaḥ
gām ca eva samanujñāya rājānam anumānya ca
6. ca dvijasattamaḥ janakāt tām pūjām pratigṛhya
ca eva gām samanujñāya ca rājānam anumānya
6. And that foremost of Brahmins (dvijasattama), having accepted that worship (pūjā) from Janaka, and having given his assent regarding the cow, and having honored the king...
पर्यपृच्छन्महातेजा राज्ञः कुशलमव्ययम् ।
अनामयं च राजेन्द्र शुकः सानुचरस्य ह ॥७॥
7. paryapṛcchanmahātejā rājñaḥ kuśalamavyayam ,
anāmayaṁ ca rājendra śukaḥ sānucarasya ha.
7. pari apṛcchat mahātejāḥ rājñaḥ kuśalam avyayam
anāmayam ca rājendra śukaḥ sānucarasya ha
7. mahātejāḥ śukaḥ rājñaḥ avyayam kuśalam ca
anāmayam rājendra sānucarasya ha pari apṛcchat
7. The greatly effulgent (mahātejāḥ) Śuka then inquired about the king's unfailing welfare (kuśalam) and health (anāmayam), and, O lord of kings (Rājendra), also about the well-being of his attendants.
अनुज्ञातः स तेनाथ निषसाद सहानुगः ।
उदारसत्त्वाभिजनो भूमौ राजा कृताञ्जलिः ॥८॥
8. anujñātaḥ sa tenātha niṣasāda sahānugaḥ ,
udārasattvābhijano bhūmau rājā kṛtāñjaliḥ.
8. anujñātaḥ saḥ tena atha niṣasāda sānugaḥ
udārasattvābhijanaḥ bhūmau rājā kṛtāñjaliḥ
8. tena anujñātaḥ saḥ atha sānugaḥ niṣasāda
udārasattvābhijanaḥ rājā kṛtāñjaliḥ bhūmau
8. Having been granted permission by him (Janaka), Śuka sat down with his followers. The king, of noble character and birth, sat on the ground with folded hands (kṛtāñjaliḥ).
कुशलं चाव्ययं चैव पृष्ट्वा वैयासकिं नृपः ।
किमागमनमित्येव पर्यपृच्छत पार्थिवः ॥९॥
9. kuśalaṁ cāvyayaṁ caiva pṛṣṭvā vaiyāsakiṁ nṛpaḥ ,
kimāgamanamityeva paryapṛcchata pārthivaḥ.
9. kuśalam ca avyayam ca eva pṛṣṭvā vaiyāsakim nṛpaḥ
kim āgamanam iti eva paryapṛcchata pārthivaḥ
9. nṛpaḥ pārthivaḥ vaiyāsakim kuśalam avyayam ca
eva pṛṣṭvā kim āgamanam iti eva paryapṛcchata
9. The king, having inquired about the welfare and imperishable well-being of Vyasa's son (Vaiyāsaki), then questioned him, 'What is the purpose of your arrival?'
शुक उवाच ।
पित्राहमुक्तो भद्रं ते मोक्षधर्मार्थकोविदः ।
विदेहराजो याज्यो मे जनको नाम विश्रुतः ॥१०॥
10. śuka uvāca ,
pitrāhamukto bhadraṁ te mokṣadharmārthakovidaḥ ,
videharājo yājyo me janako nāma viśrutaḥ.
10. śukaḥ uvāca pitrā aham uktaḥ bhadram te mokṣadharmārthakovidaḥ
videharājaḥ yājyaḥ me janakaḥ nāma viśrutaḥ
10. śukaḥ uvāca pitrā aham uktaḥ bhadram te videharājaḥ
janakaḥ nāma viśrutaḥ mokṣadharmārthakovidaḥ me yājyaḥ
10. Śuka said: "My father told me, 'May you fare well! The renowned King Janaka of Videha, who is an expert in the knowledge of liberation (mokṣa), natural law (dharma), and life's purpose (artha), is the one to be respectfully approached by you.'"
तत्र गच्छस्व वै तूर्णं यदि ते हृदि संशयः ।
प्रवृत्तौ वा निवृत्तौ वा स ते छेत्स्यति संशयम् ॥११॥
11. tatra gacchasva vai tūrṇaṁ yadi te hṛdi saṁśayaḥ ,
pravṛttau vā nivṛttau vā sa te chetsyati saṁśayam.
11. tatra gacchasva vai tūrṇam yadi te hṛdi saṃśayaḥ
pravṛttau vā nivṛttau vā saḥ te chetsyati saṃśayam
11. yadi te hṛdi pravṛttau vā nivṛttau vā saṃśayaḥ
tatra vai tūrṇam gacchasva saḥ te saṃśayam chetsyati
11. Go there quickly, indeed, if you have any doubt in your mind concerning engagement in worldly action or disengagement from it. He will dispel that doubt for you.
सोऽहं पितुर्नियोगात्त्वामुपप्रष्टुमिहागतः ।
तन्मे धर्मभृतां श्रेष्ठ यथावद्वक्तुमर्हसि ॥१२॥
12. so'haṁ piturniyogāttvāmupapraṣṭumihāgataḥ ,
tanme dharmabhṛtāṁ śreṣṭha yathāvadvaktumarhasi.
12. saḥ aham pituḥ niyogāt tvām upapraṣṭum iha āgataḥ
tat me dharmabhṛtām śreṣṭha yathāvat vaktum arhasi
12. saḥ aham pituḥ niyogāt tvām upapraṣṭum iha āgataḥ
tat dharmabhṛtām śreṣṭha me yathāvat vaktum arhasi
12. Therefore, I have come here to question you, by the command of my father. So, O best among the upholders of natural law (dharma), you ought to explain it to me properly.
किं कार्यं ब्राह्मणेनेह मोक्षार्थश्च किमात्मकः ।
कथं च मोक्षः कर्तव्यो ज्ञानेन तपसापि वा ॥१३॥
13. kiṁ kāryaṁ brāhmaṇeneha mokṣārthaśca kimātmakaḥ ,
kathaṁ ca mokṣaḥ kartavyo jñānena tapasāpi vā.
13. kim kāryam brāhmaṇena iha mokṣārthaḥ ca kimātmakaḥ
katham ca mokṣaḥ kartavyaḥ jñānena tapasā api vā
13. iha brāhmaṇena kim kāryam ca mokṣārthaḥ kimātmakaḥ
ca mokṣaḥ jñānena tapasā api vā katham kartavyaḥ
13. What is the proper function (karma) of a Brahmin in this world? What is the true nature of liberation (mokṣa)? And how should this liberation (mokṣa) be achieved, through knowledge or through ascetic practice (tapas)?
जनक उवाच ।
यत्कार्यं ब्राह्मणेनेह जन्मप्रभृति तच्छृणु ।
कृतोपनयनस्तात भवेद्वेदपरायणः ॥१४॥
14. janaka uvāca ,
yatkāryaṁ brāhmaṇeneha janmaprabhṛti tacchṛṇu ,
kṛtopanayanastāta bhavedvedaparāyaṇaḥ.
14. janaka uvāca yat kāryam brāhmaṇena iha janmaprabhṛti
tat śṛṇu kṛtopanayanaḥ tāta bhavet vedaparāyaṇaḥ
14. janakaḥ uvāca tāta iha janmaprabhṛti brāhmaṇena yat
kāryam tat śṛṇu kṛtopanayanaḥ bhavet vedaparāyaṇaḥ
14. Janaka said: Listen, my dear (tāta), to the proper function (karma) a Brahmin should undertake in this world from birth onwards. Having completed the sacred thread ceremony (upanayana), he should become devoted to the study of the Vedas.
तपसा गुरुवृत्त्या च ब्रह्मचर्येण चाभिभो ।
देवतानां पितॄणां चाप्यनृणश्चानसूयकः ॥१५॥
15. tapasā guruvṛttyā ca brahmacaryeṇa cābhibho ,
devatānāṁ pitṝṇāṁ cāpyanṛṇaścānasūyakaḥ.
15. tapasā guruvṛttyā ca brahmacaryeṇa ca abhibho
devatānām pitṝṇām ca api anṛṇaḥ ca anasūyakaḥ
15. abhibho tapasā ca guruvṛttyā ca brahmacaryeṇa ca
devatānām ca pitṝṇām ca api anṛṇaḥ ca anasūyakaḥ
15. And, O venerable one (abhibho), through ascetic practice (tapas), diligent service to the guru, and the observance of celibacy (brahmacarya), he should also become free from his obligations to the deities and ancestors, and be free from envy.
वेदानधीत्य नियतो दक्षिणामपवर्ज्य च ।
अभ्यनुज्ञामथ प्राप्य समावर्तेत वै द्विजः ॥१६॥
16. vedānadhītya niyato dakṣiṇāmapavarjya ca ,
abhyanujñāmatha prāpya samāvarteta vai dvijaḥ.
16. vedān adhītya niyataḥ dakṣiṇām apavarjya ca
abhyanujñām atha prāpya samāvarteta vai dvijaḥ
16. dvijaḥ niyataḥ vedān adhītya ca dakṣiṇām
apavarjya atha abhyanujñām prāpya vai samāvarteta
16. Having studied the Vedas, and being self-controlled, and having offered the teacher's fee, then, having obtained permission (from the guru), the twice-born (dvija) should indeed return (from the guru's hermitage to his home to begin the householder's life).
समावृत्तस्तु गार्हस्थ्ये सदारो नियतो वसेत् ।
अनसूयुर्यथान्यायमाहिताग्निस्तथैव च ॥१७॥
17. samāvṛttastu gārhasthye sadāro niyato vaset ,
anasūyuryathānyāyamāhitāgnistathaiva ca.
17. samāvṛttaḥ tu gārhasthye sadāraḥ niyataḥ vaset
anasūyuḥ yathānyāyam āhitāgniḥ tathā eva ca
17. samāvṛttaḥ tu sadāraḥ niyataḥ anasūyuḥ āhitāgniḥ
ca gārhasthye yathānyāyam tathā eva vaset
17. Having completed his student life, a man should live in the householder (gārhasthya) stage of life with his wife, maintaining self-control, free from envy, and performing the Vedic rituals (āhitāgni) according to the prescribed rules.
उत्पाद्य पुत्रपौत्रं तु वन्याश्रमपदे वसेत् ।
तानेवाग्नीन्यथाशास्त्रमर्चयन्नतिथिप्रियः ॥१८॥
18. utpādya putrapautraṁ tu vanyāśramapade vaset ,
tānevāgnīnyathāśāstramarcayannatithipriyaḥ.
18. utpādya putrapautram tu vanyāśramapade vaset
tān eva agnīn yathāśāstram arcayan atithipriyaḥ
18. putrapautram utpādya tu tān eva agnīn yathāśāstram
arcayan atithipriyaḥ vanyāśramapade vaset
18. Having begotten sons and grandsons, one should then reside in the forest (vānaprastha) stage of life, continuing to worship those same sacred fires according to the scriptures and being hospitable to guests.
स वनेऽग्नीन्यथान्यायमात्मन्यारोप्य धर्मवित् ।
निर्द्वंद्वो वीतरागात्मा ब्रह्माश्रमपदे वसेत् ॥१९॥
19. sa vane'gnīnyathānyāyamātmanyāropya dharmavit ,
nirdvaṁdvo vītarāgātmā brahmāśramapade vaset.
19. saḥ vane agnīn yathānyāyam ātmani āropya dharmavit
nirdvandvaḥ vītarāgātmā brahmāśramapade vaset
19. saḥ dharmavit nirdvandvaḥ vītarāgātmā vane agnīn
yathānyāyam ātmani āropya brahmāśramapade vaset
19. That person, who understands natural law (dharma), should then, in the forest, symbolically transfer his sacred fires into his inner self (ātman), and free from all dualities and with a self liberated from attachments, he should reside in the stage of life of a renunciant (brahmāśrama).
शुक उवाच ।
उत्पन्ने ज्ञानविज्ञाने प्रत्यक्षे हृदि शाश्वते ।
किमवश्यं निवस्तव्यमाश्रमेषु वनेषु च ॥२०॥
20. śuka uvāca ,
utpanne jñānavijñāne pratyakṣe hṛdi śāśvate ,
kimavaśyaṁ nivastavyamāśrameṣu vaneṣu ca.
20. śukaḥ uvāca utpanne jñānavijñāne pratyakṣe hṛdi
śāśvate kim avaśyam nivastavyam āśrameṣu vaneṣu ca
20. śukaḥ uvāca hṛdi śāśvate pratyakṣe jñānavijñāne
utpanne kim avaśyam nivastavyam āśrameṣu vaneṣu ca
20. Śuka said: When profound knowledge (jñāna) and direct realization (vijñāna) of the eternal are clearly manifest in the heart, why is it still necessary to reside in the various stages of life (āśramas) and in forests?
एतद्भवन्तं पृच्छामि तद्भवान्वक्तुमर्हति ।
यथावेदार्थतत्त्वेन ब्रूहि मे त्वं जनाधिप ॥२१॥
21. etadbhavantaṁ pṛcchāmi tadbhavānvaktumarhati ,
yathāvedārthatattvena brūhi me tvaṁ janādhipa.
21. etat bhavantam pṛcchāmi tat bhavān vaktum arhati
yathāvedārthatattvena brūhi me tvam janādhipa
21. aham bhavantam etat pṛcchāmi,
tat bhavān vaktum arhati.
janādhipa,
tvam me yathāvedārthatattvena brūhi.
21. I ask this of you; therefore, you ought to explain it. Please tell me, O lord of people, in accordance with the true meaning of the Vedas.
जनक उवाच ।
न विना ज्ञानविज्ञानं मोक्षस्याधिगमो भवेत् ।
न विना गुरुसंबन्धं ज्ञानस्याधिगमः स्मृतः ॥२२॥
22. janaka uvāca ,
na vinā jñānavijñānaṁ mokṣasyādhigamo bhavet ,
na vinā gurusaṁbandhaṁ jñānasyādhigamaḥ smṛtaḥ.
22. janaka uvāca na vinā jñānavijñānam mokṣasya adhigamaḥ
bhavet na vinā gurusambandham jñānasya adhigamaḥ smṛtaḥ
22. janaka uvāca: jñānavijñānam vinā mokṣasya adhigamaḥ na bhavet.
gurusambandham vinā jñānasya adhigamaḥ na smṛtaḥ.
22. Janaka said: Without discriminative knowledge (jñāna) and direct realization (vijñāna), the attainment of final liberation (mokṣa) is not possible. And without a connection with a spiritual teacher (guru), the acquisition of such knowledge (jñāna) is considered unattainable.
आचार्यः प्लाविता तस्य ज्ञानं प्लव इहोच्यते ।
विज्ञाय कृतकृत्यस्तु तीर्णस्तदुभयं त्यजेत् ॥२३॥
23. ācāryaḥ plāvitā tasya jñānaṁ plava ihocyate ,
vijñāya kṛtakṛtyastu tīrṇastadubhayaṁ tyajet.
23. ācāryaḥ plāvitā tasya jñānam plavaḥ iha ucyate |
vijñāya kṛtakṛtyaḥ tu tīrṇaḥ tat ubhayam tyajet
23. ācāryaḥ plāvitā.
tasya jñānam iha plavaḥ ucyate.
vijñāya,
kṛtakṛtyaḥ,
tīrṇaḥ tu tat ubhayam tyajet.
23. The spiritual preceptor (ācārya) is considered a boat, and knowledge (jñāna) is here referred to as a raft. Having understood and completed one's purpose, a person, having crossed over, should then abandon both.
अनुच्छेदाय लोकानामनुच्छेदाय कर्मणाम् ।
पूर्वैराचरितो धर्मश्चातुराश्रम्यसंकथः ॥२४॥
24. anucchedāya lokānāmanucchedāya karmaṇām ,
pūrvairācarito dharmaścāturāśramyasaṁkathaḥ.
24. anucchedāya lokānām anucchedāya karmaṇām |
pūrvaiḥ ācaritaḥ dharmaḥ cāturāśramyasaṅkathaḥ
24. lokānām anucchedāya karmaṇām anucchedāya (ca),
pūrvaiḥ ācaritaḥ cāturāśramyasaṅkathaḥ dharmaḥ (asti)।
24. For the continuity of humanity and for the uninterrupted execution of duties (karma), the system of natural law (dharma) pertaining to the four stages of life (āśrama), as practiced by the ancients, is precisely this narrative.
अनेन क्रमयोगेन बहुजातिषु कर्मणा ।
कृत्वा शुभाशुभं कर्म मोक्षो नामेह लभ्यते ॥२५॥
25. anena kramayogena bahujātiṣu karmaṇā ,
kṛtvā śubhāśubhaṁ karma mokṣo nāmeha labhyate.
25. anena kramayogena bahujātiṣu karmaṇā kṛtvā
śubhāśubham karma mokṣaḥ nāma iha labhyate
25. iha anena kramayogena bahujātiṣu karmaṇā
śubhāśubham karma kṛtvā nāma mokṣaḥ labhyate
25. Through this progressive method (yoga), by performing good and bad actions (karma) over many births, liberation (mokṣa) is indeed attained in this very life.
भावितैः कारणैश्चायं बहुसंसारयोनिषु ।
आसादयति शुद्धात्मा मोक्षं वै प्रथमाश्रमे ॥२६॥
26. bhāvitaiḥ kāraṇaiścāyaṁ bahusaṁsārayoniṣu ,
āsādayati śuddhātmā mokṣaṁ vai prathamāśrame.
26. bhāvitaiḥ kāraṇaiḥ ca ayam bahusaṃsārayoniṣu
āsādayati śuddhātmā mokṣam vai prathamāśrame
26. ayam śuddhātmā bahusaṃsārayoniṣu bhāvitaiḥ
kāraṇaiḥ ca prathamāśrame vai mokṣam āsādayati
26. This pure self (ātman), through causes cultivated over many cycles of transmigration (saṃsāra), indeed attains liberation (mokṣa) in the first stage of life (āśrama).
तमासाद्य तु मुक्तस्य दृष्टार्थस्य विपश्चितः ।
त्रिष्वाश्रमेषु को न्वर्थो भवेत्परमभीप्सतः ॥२७॥
27. tamāsādya tu muktasya dṛṣṭārthasya vipaścitaḥ ,
triṣvāśrameṣu ko nvartho bhavetparamabhīpsataḥ.
27. tam āsādya tu muktasya dṛṣṭārthasya vipaścitaḥ
triṣu āśrameṣu kaḥ nu arthaḥ bhavet paramabhīpsataḥ
27. tu tam āsādya muktasya dṛṣṭārthasya vipaścitaḥ paramabhīpsataḥ,
triṣu āśrameṣu kaḥ nu arthaḥ bhavet?
27. But for the liberated, wise person who has realized the ultimate truth (dṛṣṭārtha), what purpose indeed would there be in the (other) three stages of life (āśrama) after having attained that (liberation)?
राजसांस्तामसांश्चैव नित्यं दोषान्विवर्जयेत् ।
सात्त्विकं मार्गमास्थाय पश्येदात्मानमात्मना ॥२८॥
28. rājasāṁstāmasāṁścaiva nityaṁ doṣānvivarjayet ,
sāttvikaṁ mārgamāsthāya paśyedātmānamātmanā.
28. rājasān tāmasān ca eva nityam doṣān vivarjayet
sāttvikam mārgam āsthāya paśyet ātmānam ātmanā
28. (janaḥ) nityam rājasān tāmasān doṣān ca eva vivarjayet.
sāttvikam mārgam āsthāya (saḥ) ātmanā ātmānam paśyet.
28. One should always avoid the defects (doṣa) born of rajas (passion) and tamas (ignorance). By adopting the path of sattva (goodness), one should perceive the true self (ātman) through one's own purified self (ātman).
सर्वभूतेषु चात्मानं सर्वभूतानि चात्मनि ।
संपश्यन्नोपलिप्येत जले वारिचरो यथा ॥२९॥
29. sarvabhūteṣu cātmānaṁ sarvabhūtāni cātmani ,
saṁpaśyannopalipyeta jale vāricaro yathā.
29. sarvabhūteṣu ca ātmānam sarvabhūtāni ca ātmani
| saṁpaśyan na upalipyeta jale vāricaraḥ yathā
29. yaḥ sarvabhūteṣu ca ātmānam,
sarvabhūtāni ca ātmani saṁpaśyan,
saḥ jale vāricaraḥ yathā na upalipyeta.
29. One who perceives the Self (ātman) in all beings and all beings in the Self (ātman) is not tainted, just as an aquatic creature in water is not stained by it.
पक्षीव प्लवनादूर्ध्वममुत्रानन्त्यमश्नुते ।
विहाय देहं निर्मुक्तो निर्द्वंद्वः प्रशमं गतः ॥३०॥
30. pakṣīva plavanādūrdhvamamutrānantyamaśnute ,
vihāya dehaṁ nirmukto nirdvaṁdvaḥ praśamaṁ gataḥ.
30. pakṣī iva plavanāt ūrdhvam amutra ānantyam aśnute
| vihāya deham nirmuktaḥ nirdvandvaḥ praśamam gataḥ
30. pakṣī iva plavanāt ūrdhvam,
amutra ānantyam aśnute.
deham vihāya nirmuktaḥ nirdvandvaḥ praśamam gataḥ [saḥ bhavati].
30. Just like a bird (pakṣī) rises high after swimming, one who is liberated (mokṣa), free from dualities, and has attained tranquility, enjoys eternal bliss (ānantya) in the hereafter after abandoning the body.
अत्र गाथाः पुरा गीताः शृणु राज्ञा ययातिना ।
धार्यन्ते या द्विजैस्तात मोक्षशास्त्रविशारदैः ॥३१॥
31. atra gāthāḥ purā gītāḥ śṛṇu rājñā yayātinā ,
dhāryante yā dvijaistāta mokṣaśāstraviśāradaiḥ.
31. atra gāthāḥ purā gītāḥ śṛṇu rājñā yayātinā |
dhāryante yā dvijaiḥ tāta mokṣaśāstraviśāradaiḥ
31. tāta,
atra yāḥ gāthāḥ purā rājñā yayātinā gītāḥ,
mokṣaśāstraviśāradaiḥ dvijaiḥ dhāryante,
[tāḥ tvaṁ] śṛṇu.
31. O dear child (tāta), listen to these verses (gāthā) which were sung long ago by King Yayāti and are upheld by brahmins (dvija) skilled in the scriptures of liberation (mokṣaśāstra).
ज्योतिरात्मनि नान्यत्र रतं तत्रैव चैव तत् ।
स्वयं च शक्यं तद्द्रष्टुं सुसमाहितचेतसा ॥३२॥
32. jyotirātmani nānyatra rataṁ tatraiva caiva tat ,
svayaṁ ca śakyaṁ taddraṣṭuṁ susamāhitacetasā.
32. jyotiḥ ātmani na anyatra ratam tatra eva ca eva
tat | svayam ca śakyam tat draṣṭum susamāhitacetasā
32. tat jyotiḥ ātmani ratam [asti],
na anyatra.
ca eva tat svayam ca susamāhitacetasā draṣṭum śakyam.
32. That light (jyotiḥ) rests within the Self (ātman), not elsewhere. And indeed, that very light can be seen directly by oneself (svayam) with a mind that is well-composed and concentrated (dhyāna).
न बिभेति परो यस्मान्न बिभेति पराच्च यः ।
यश्च नेच्छति न द्वेष्टि ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥३३॥
33. na bibheti paro yasmānna bibheti parācca yaḥ ,
yaśca necchati na dveṣṭi brahma saṁpadyate tadā.
33. na bibheti paraḥ yasmāt na bibheti parāt ca yaḥ |
yaḥ ca na icchati na dveṣṭi brahma saṃpadyate tadā
33. yaḥ yasmāt paraḥ na bibheti,
yaḥ ca parāt na bibheti,
yaḥ ca na icchati,
na dveṣṭi,
tadā brahma saṃpadyate.
33. One from whom no other being fears, and who himself fears no other being, and who neither desires nor hates - such a person then attains the Supreme Reality (brahman).
यदा भावं न कुरुते सर्वभूतेषु पापकम् ।
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥३४॥
34. yadā bhāvaṁ na kurute sarvabhūteṣu pāpakam ,
karmaṇā manasā vācā brahma saṁpadyate tadā.
34. yadā bhāvam na kurute sarvabhūteṣu pāpakam
| karmaṇā manasā vācā brahma saṃpadyate tadā
34. yadā karmaṇā manasā vācā sarvabhūteṣu pāpakam bhāvam na kurute,
tadā brahma saṃpadyate.
34. When one harbors no sinful intention towards any being, whether by action (karma), mind, or speech, then one attains the Supreme Reality (brahman).
संयोज्य तपसात्मानमीर्ष्यामुत्सृज्य मोहिनीम् ।
त्यक्त्वा कामं च लोभं च ततो ब्रह्मत्वमश्नुते ॥३५॥
35. saṁyojya tapasātmānamīrṣyāmutsṛjya mohinīm ,
tyaktvā kāmaṁ ca lobhaṁ ca tato brahmatvamaśnute.
35. saṃyojya tapasā ātmānam īrṣyām utsṛjya mohinīm |
tyaktvā kāmam ca lobham ca tataḥ brahmatvam aśnute
35. tapasā ātmānam saṃyojya,
mohinīm īrṣyām utsṛjya,
kāmam ca lobham ca tyaktvā,
tataḥ brahmatvam aśnute.
35. By uniting the self (ātman) with spiritual discipline (tapas), by abandoning deluding envy, and by renouncing both desire and greed, one thereafter attains the state of the Supreme Reality (brahman).
यदा श्रव्ये च दृश्ये च सर्वभूतेषु चाप्ययम् ।
समो भवति निर्द्वंद्वो ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥३६॥
36. yadā śravye ca dṛśye ca sarvabhūteṣu cāpyayam ,
samo bhavati nirdvaṁdvo brahma saṁpadyate tadā.
36. yadā śravye ca dṛśye ca sarvabhūteṣu ca api ayam
| samaḥ bhavati nirdvandvaḥ brahma saṃpadyate tadā
36. yadā ayam śravye ca dṛśye ca sarvabhūteṣu ca api samaḥ nirdvandvaḥ bhavati,
tadā brahma saṃpadyate.
36. When this person becomes balanced and free from dualities, regarding both what is heard and what is seen, and also towards all beings, then he attains the Supreme Reality (brahman).
यदा स्तुतिं च निन्दां च समत्वेनैव पश्यति ।
काञ्चनं चायसं चैव सुखदुःखे तथैव च ॥३७॥
37. yadā stutiṁ ca nindāṁ ca samatvenaiva paśyati ,
kāñcanaṁ cāyasaṁ caiva sukhaduḥkhe tathaiva ca.
37. yadā stutim ca nindām ca samatvena eva paśyati
kāñcanam ca āyasam ca eva sukhaduḥkhe tathā eva ca
37. yadā stutim ca nindām ca,
kāñcanam ca āyasam ca eva,
tathā eva ca sukhaduḥkhe samatvena eva paśyati
37. When one views both praise and criticism, as well as gold and iron, and similarly joy and sorrow, with equanimity (samatva).
शीतमुष्णं तथैवार्थमनर्थं प्रियमप्रियम् ।
जीवितं मरणं चैव ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥३८॥
38. śītamuṣṇaṁ tathaivārthamanarthaṁ priyamapriyam ,
jīvitaṁ maraṇaṁ caiva brahma saṁpadyate tadā.
38. śītam uṣṇam tathā eva artham anartham priyam apriyam
jīvitam maraṇam ca eva brahma sampadyate tadā
38. tathā eva śītam uṣṇam,
artham anartham,
priyam apriyam,
jīvitam maraṇam ca eva (paśyati tadā) brahma sampadyate
38. Similarly, when one views cold and heat, prosperity (artha) and adversity (anartha), pleasant and unpleasant things, and life and death, with equanimity, then one attains the Absolute Truth (brahman).
प्रसार्येह यथाङ्गानि कूर्मः संहरते पुनः ।
तथेन्द्रियाणि मनसा संयन्तव्यानि भिक्षुणा ॥३९॥
39. prasāryeha yathāṅgāni kūrmaḥ saṁharate punaḥ ,
tathendriyāṇi manasā saṁyantavyāni bhikṣuṇā.
39. prasārya iha yathā aṅgāni kūrmaḥ saṃharate punaḥ
tathā indriyāṇi manasā saṃyantavyāni bhikṣuṇā
39. yathā kūrmaḥ iha aṅgāni prasārya punaḥ saṃharate,
tathā bhikṣuṇā manasā indriyāṇi saṃyantavyāni
39. Just as a tortoise withdraws its limbs (aṅgāni) after extending them, so too should the senses (indriyāṇi) be controlled by the mind (manasā) of a mendicant (bhikṣu).
तमःपरिगतं वेश्म यथा दीपेन दृश्यते ।
तथा बुद्धिप्रदीपेन शक्य आत्मा निरीक्षितुम् ॥४०॥
40. tamaḥparigataṁ veśma yathā dīpena dṛśyate ,
tathā buddhipradīpena śakya ātmā nirīkṣitum.
40. tamaḥparigatam veśma yathā dīpena dṛśyate
tathā buddhipradīpena śakyaḥ ātmā nirīkṣitum
40. yathā tamaḥparigatam veśma dīpena dṛśyate,
tathā ātmā buddhipradīpena nirīkṣitum śakyaḥ
40. Just as a house enveloped in darkness (tamas) is illuminated and seen by a lamp, so too is the self (ātman) capable of being perceived by the lamp of intelligence (buddhi).
एतत्सर्वं प्रपश्यामि त्वयि बुद्धिमतां वर ।
यच्चान्यदपि वेत्तव्यं तत्त्वतो वेद तद्भवान् ॥४१॥
41. etatsarvaṁ prapaśyāmi tvayi buddhimatāṁ vara ,
yaccānyadapi vettavyaṁ tattvato veda tadbhavān.
41. etat sarvam prapaśyāmi tvayi buddhimatām vara | yat
ca anyat api vettavyam tattvataḥ veda tat bhavān
41. buddhimatām vara tvayi etat sarvam prapaśyāmi yat
ca anyat api vettavyam tat bhavān tattvataḥ veda
41. O best among the intelligent, I clearly perceive all this in you. And whatever else is to be known, your esteemed self truly knows that.
ब्रह्मर्षे विदितश्चासि विषयान्तमुपागतः ।
गुरोस्तव प्रसादेन तव चैवोपशिक्षया ॥४२॥
42. brahmarṣe viditaścāsi viṣayāntamupāgataḥ ,
gurostava prasādena tava caivopaśikṣayā.
42. brahmarṣe viditaḥ ca asi viṣaya antam upāgataḥ
| guroḥ tava prasādena tava ca eva upaśikṣayā
42. brahmarṣe tvam viditaḥ ca asi viṣaya antam upāgataḥ
guroḥ tava prasādena ca eva tava upaśikṣayā
42. O Brahmarṣi, you are indeed renowned, having mastered all fields of knowledge. This is by the grace of your teacher (guru) and by your own diligent study.
तस्यैव च प्रसादेन प्रादुर्भूतं महामुने ।
ज्ञानं दिव्यं ममापीदं तेनासि विदितो मम ॥४३॥
43. tasyaiva ca prasādena prādurbhūtaṁ mahāmune ,
jñānaṁ divyaṁ mamāpīdaṁ tenāsi vidito mama.
43. tasya eva ca prasādena prādurbhūtam mahāmune |
jñānam divyam mama api idam tena asi viditaḥ mama
43. mahāmune tasya eva prasādena ca mama idam divyam jñānam
api prādurbhūtam tena (jñānena) tvam mama viditaḥ asi
43. And, O great sage, by his grace (that of your guru), this divine knowledge (jñāna) has also manifested in me. Therefore, by that (knowledge), you are known to me.
अधिकं तव विज्ञानमधिका च गतिस्तव ।
अधिकं च तवैश्वर्यं तच्च त्वं नावबुध्यसे ॥४४॥
44. adhikaṁ tava vijñānamadhikā ca gatistava ,
adhikaṁ ca tavaiśvaryaṁ tacca tvaṁ nāvabudhyase.
44. adhikam tava vijñānam adhikā ca gatiḥ tava |
adhikam ca tava aiśvaryam tat ca tvam na avabudhyase
44. tava vijñānam adhikam tava gatiḥ ca adhikā tava
aiśvaryam ca adhikam tat ca tvam na avabudhyase
44. Your special knowledge (vijñāna) is greater, and your power (gati) is greater, and your sovereignty (aiśvarya) is greater; yet you yourself do not realize that.
बाल्याद्वा संशयाद्वापि भयाद्वाप्यविमोक्षजात् ।
उत्पन्ने चापि विज्ञाने नाधिगच्छति तां गतिम् ॥४५॥
45. bālyādvā saṁśayādvāpi bhayādvāpyavimokṣajāt ,
utpanne cāpi vijñāne nādhigacchati tāṁ gatim.
45. bālyāt vā saṃśayāt vā api bhayāt vā api avimokṣajāt
utpanne ca api vijñāne na adhigacchati tām gatim
45. utpanne ca api vijñāne api bālyāt vā saṃśayāt vā
bhayāt vā avimokṣajāt tām gatim na adhigacchati
45. Even if knowledge (vijñāna) arises due to (reasons like) immaturity, or doubt, or fear stemming from the absence of liberation (mokṣa), one does not attain that ultimate state.
व्यवसायेन शुद्धेन मद्विधैश्छिन्नसंशयः ।
विमुच्य हृदयग्रन्थीनासादयति तां गतिम् ॥४६॥
46. vyavasāyena śuddhena madvidhaiśchinnasaṁśayaḥ ,
vimucya hṛdayagranthīnāsādayati tāṁ gatim.
46. vyavasāyena śuddhena madvidhaiḥ chinnasaṃśayaḥ
vimucya hṛdayagranthīn āsādayati tām gatim
46. chinnasaṃśayaḥ madvidhaiḥ śuddhena vyavasāyena
hṛdayagranthīn vimucya tām gatim āsādayati
46. By pure resolve (vyavasāya) - like that demonstrated by persons such as myself - one whose doubts are dispelled, having released the knots of the heart, attains that ultimate state.
भवांश्चोत्पन्नविज्ञानः स्थिरबुद्धिरलोलुपः ।
व्यवसायादृते ब्रह्मन्नासादयति तत्परम् ॥४७॥
47. bhavāṁścotpannavijñānaḥ sthirabuddhiralolupaḥ ,
vyavasāyādṛte brahmannāsādayati tatparam.
47. bhavān ca utpannavijñānaḥ sthirabuddhiḥ alolupaḥ
vyavasāyāt ṛte brahman āsādayati tat param
47. brahman bhavān ca utpannavijñānaḥ sthirabuddhiḥ
alolupaḥ vyavasāyāt ṛte tat param āsādayati
47. And you, O Brahmin, though endowed with awakened knowledge (vijñāna), a steady intellect, and freedom from eagerness, will not attain that supreme (tatparam) without firm resolve (vyavasāya).
नास्ति ते सुखदुःखेषु विशेषो नास्ति लोलुपा ।
नौत्सुक्यं नृत्तगीतेषु न राग उपजायते ॥४८॥
48. nāsti te sukhaduḥkheṣu viśeṣo nāsti lolupā ,
nautsukyaṁ nṛttagīteṣu na rāga upajāyate.
48. na asti te sukhaduḥkheṣu viśeṣaḥ na asti lolupā
na autsukyam nṛttagīteṣu na rāgaḥ upajāyate
48. te sukhaduḥkheṣu viśeṣaḥ na asti lolupā na asti
nṛttagīteṣu autsukyam na rāgaḥ na upajāyate
48. For you, there is no distinction in joys and sorrows; there is no excessive longing. Neither does eagerness arise for dances and songs, nor attachment.
न बन्धुषु निबन्धस्ते न भयेष्वस्ति ते भयम् ।
पश्यामि त्वां महाभाग तुल्यलोष्टाश्मकाञ्चनम् ॥४९॥
49. na bandhuṣu nibandhaste na bhayeṣvasti te bhayam ,
paśyāmi tvāṁ mahābhāga tulyaloṣṭāśmakāñcanam.
49. na bandhuṣu nibandhaḥ te na bhayeṣu asti te bhayam
paśyāmi tvām mahābhāga tulyaloṣṭāśmakāñcanam
49. na bandhuṣu te nibandhaḥ (asti) na bhayeṣu te bhayam asti mahābhāga,
tvām tulyaloṣṭāśmakāñcanam paśyāmi
49. You have no attachment (nibandha) to relatives, nor do you experience fear in the presence of dangers. O highly fortunate one, I perceive you as one who regards clods of earth, stones, and gold as equal.
अहं च त्वानुपश्यामि ये चाप्यन्ये मनीषिणः ।
आस्थितं परमं मार्गमक्षयं तमनामयम् ॥५०॥
50. ahaṁ ca tvānupaśyāmi ye cāpyanye manīṣiṇaḥ ,
āsthitaṁ paramaṁ mārgamakṣayaṁ tamanāmayam.
50. aham ca tvām anupaśyāmi ye ca api anye manīṣiṇaḥ
āsthitam paramam mārgam akṣayam tam anāmayam
50. aham ca tvām anupaśyāmi ye ca api
anye manīṣiṇaḥ (api tvām anupaśyanti)
(tvām) paramam akṣayam tam
anāmayam mārgam āsthitam (anupaśyāmi)
50. And I perceive you, as do other wise persons, to be established on that supreme, imperishable, and flawless path.
यत्फलं ब्राह्मणस्येह मोक्षार्थश्च यदात्मकः ।
तस्मिन्वै वर्तसे विप्र किमन्यत्परिपृच्छसि ॥५१॥
51. yatphalaṁ brāhmaṇasyeha mokṣārthaśca yadātmakaḥ ,
tasminvai vartase vipra kimanyatparipṛcchasi.
51. yat phalam brāhmaṇasya iha mokṣa-arthaḥ ca yat-ātmakaḥ
tasmin vai vartase vipra kim anyat paripṛcchasi
51. iha brāhmaṇasya yat phalam mokṣa-arthaḥ ca yat-ātmakaḥ (asti),
vipra,
tvam tasmin vai vartase anyat kim paripṛcchasi
51. The spiritual fruit that a Brahmin (brāhmaṇa) seeks here, and that whose intrinsic nature (ātmaka) is the ultimate goal of final liberation (mokṣa) - you indeed dwell in that very state, O Brahmin. What else do you need to ask?