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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-57

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दुर्योधन उवाच ।
परेषामेव यशसा श्लाघसे त्वं सदा छन्नः कुत्सयन्धार्तराष्ट्रान् ।
जानीमस्त्वां विदुर यत्प्रियस्त्वं बालानिवास्मानवमन्यसे त्वम् ॥१॥
1. duryodhana uvāca ,
pareṣāmeva yaśasā ślāghase tvaṁ; sadā channaḥ kutsayandhārtarāṣṭrān ,
jānīmastvāṁ vidura yatpriyastvaṁ; bālānivāsmānavamanyase tvam.
1. duryodhana uvāca pareṣām eva yaśasā
ślāghase tvam sadā channaḥ kutsayan
dhārtarāṣṭrān jānīmaḥ tvām vidura yat priyaḥ
tvam bālān iva asmān avamanyase tvam
1. Duryodhana said: You constantly praise the glory of others, always concealed, while you condemn the sons of Dhritarashtra. We know you, Vidura, that you are dear (to us), yet you disrespect us as if we were mere children.
सुविज्ञेयः पुरुषोऽन्यत्रकामो निन्दाप्रशंसे हि तथा युनक्ति ।
जिह्वा मनस्ते हृदयं निर्व्यनक्ति ज्यायो निराह मनसः प्रातिकूल्यम् ॥२॥
2. suvijñeyaḥ puruṣo'nyatrakāmo; nindāpraśaṁse hi tathā yunakti ,
jihvā manaste hṛdayaṁ nirvyanakti; jyāyo nirāha manasaḥ prātikūlyam.
2. suvijñeyaḥ puruṣaḥ anyatrakāmaḥ
nindāpraśaṃse hi tathā yunakti
jihvā manas te hṛdayam nirvyakti
jyāyaḥ nirāha manasaḥ prātikūlyam
2. A person (puruṣa) whose desire is for another is easily known, for they engage in blame and praise accordingly. Your tongue reveals the thoughts of your heart; indeed, the antagonism of the mind speaks more powerfully.
उत्सङ्गेन व्याल इवाहृतोऽसि मार्जारवत्पोषकं चोपहंसि ।
भर्तृघ्नत्वान्न हि पापीय आहुस्तस्मात्क्षत्तः किं न बिभेषि पापात् ॥३॥
3. utsaṅgena vyāla ivāhṛto'si; mārjāravatpoṣakaṁ copahaṁsi ,
bhartṛghnatvānna hi pāpīya āhu;stasmātkṣattaḥ kiṁ na bibheṣi pāpāt.
3. utsaṅgena vyālaḥ iva āhṛtaḥ asi
mārjāravat poṣakam ca upahaṃsi
bhartṛghnatvāt na hi pāpīya āhuḥ
tasmāt kṣattaḥ kim na bibheṣi pāpāt
3. You have been taken into our lap like a snake. And like a cat, you deceive your nurturer. Indeed, they say there is nothing more sinful (pāpīyas) than treachery against one's master. Therefore, O Vidura (kṣattā), why do you not fear sin?
जित्वा शत्रून्फलमाप्तं महन्नो मास्मान्क्षत्तः परुषाणीह वोचः ।
द्विषद्भिस्त्वं संप्रयोगाभिनन्दी मुहुर्द्वेषं यासि नः संप्रमोहात् ॥४॥
4. jitvā śatrūnphalamāptaṁ mahanno; māsmānkṣattaḥ paruṣāṇīha vocaḥ ,
dviṣadbhistvaṁ saṁprayogābhinandī; muhurdveṣaṁ yāsi naḥ saṁpramohāt.
4. jitvā śatrūn phalam āptam mahat naḥ
mā asmān kṣattaḥ paruṣāṇi iha vocaḥ
dviṣadbhiḥ tvam saṃprayogābhinandī
muhuḥ dveṣam yāsi naḥ saṃpramohāt
4. We have achieved a great outcome (phala) by conquering our enemies. O Vidura (kṣattā), do not speak harsh words to us here. You delight in associating with our adversaries, and out of great delusion, you repeatedly show enmity towards us.
अमित्रतां याति नरोऽक्षमं ब्रुवन्निगूहते गुह्यममित्रसंस्तवे ।
तदाश्रितापत्रपा किं न बाधते यदिच्छसि त्वं तदिहाद्य भाषसे ॥५॥
5. amitratāṁ yāti naro'kṣamaṁ bruva;nnigūhate guhyamamitrasaṁstave ,
tadāśritāpatrapā kiṁ na bādhate; yadicchasi tvaṁ tadihādya bhāṣase.
5. naraḥ akṣamam bruvan nigūhate
guhyam amitrasaṃstave tat
āśritāpatrapā kim na bādhate yat
icchasi tvam tat iha adya bhāṣase
5. A man who speaks inappropriate things (akṣamam) conceals a secret in the company of enemies. Does not the shame arising from such a situation trouble him? Whatever you wish, that you speak here today.
मा नोऽवमंस्था विद्म मनस्तवेदं शिक्षस्व बुद्धिं स्थविराणां सकाशात् ।
यशो रक्षस्व विदुर संप्रणीतं मा व्यापृतः परकार्येषु भूस्त्वम् ॥६॥
6. mā no'vamaṁsthā vidma manastavedaṁ; śikṣasva buddhiṁ sthavirāṇāṁ sakāśāt ,
yaśo rakṣasva vidura saṁpraṇītaṁ; mā vyāpṛtaḥ parakāryeṣu bhūstvam.
6. mā naḥ avamaṃsthāḥ vidma manaḥ tava
idam śikṣasva buddhim sthavirāṇām
sakāśāt yaśaḥ rakṣasva vidura sampraṇītam
mā vyāpṛtaḥ parakāryeṣu bhūḥ tvam
6. O Vidura, do not disrespect us; we know your mind (manas) well. Learn wisdom from the elders. Protect your well-established reputation (yaśas), and do not become involved in others' affairs.
अहं कर्तेति विदुर मावमंस्था मा नो नित्यं परुषाणीह वोचः ।
न त्वां पृच्छामि विदुर यद्धितं मे स्वस्ति क्षत्तर्मा तितिक्षून्क्षिणु त्वम् ॥७॥
7. ahaṁ karteti vidura māvamaṁsthā; mā no nityaṁ paruṣāṇīha vocaḥ ,
na tvāṁ pṛcchāmi vidura yaddhitaṁ me; svasti kṣattarmā titikṣūnkṣiṇu tvam.
7. aham kartā iti vidura mā avamaṃsthāḥ
mā naḥ nityam paruṣāṇi iha vocaḥ na
tvām pṛcchāmi vidura yat hitam me
svasti kṣattaḥ mā titikṣūn kṣiṇu tvam
7. O Vidura, do not disrespect (me) by (thinking) 'I am the doer.' Do not always speak harsh words (paruṣāṇi) to us here. O Vidura, I am not asking you what is beneficial for me. Hail, O Kṣattar! Do not oppress those who are forbearing.
एकः शास्ता न द्वितीयोऽस्ति शास्ता गर्भे शयानं पुरुषं शास्ति शास्ता ।
तेनानुशिष्टः प्रवणादिवाम्भो यथा नियुक्तोऽस्मि तथा वहामि ॥८॥
8. ekaḥ śāstā na dvitīyo'sti śāstā; garbhe śayānaṁ puruṣaṁ śāsti śāstā ,
tenānuśiṣṭaḥ pravaṇādivāmbho; yathā niyukto'smi tathā vahāmi.
8. ekaḥ śāstā na dvitīyaḥ asti śāstā
garbhe śayānam puruṣam śāsti śāstā
tena anuśiṣṭaḥ pravaṇāt iva ambhaḥ
yathā niyuktaḥ asmi tathā vahāmi
8. There is only one true ruler (śāstṛ); there is no second ruler. That Ruler (śāstṛ) guides the individual (puruṣa) even while lying in the womb. Instructed by Him, I act just as water flows down a slope, according to how I have been appointed.
भिनत्ति शिरसा शैलमहिं भोजयते च यः ।
स एव तस्य कुरुते कार्याणामनुशासनम् ॥९॥
9. bhinatti śirasā śailamahiṁ bhojayate ca yaḥ ,
sa eva tasya kurute kāryāṇāmanuśāsanam.
9. bhinatti śirasā śailam ahim bhojayate ca
yaḥ saḥ eva tasya kurute kāryāṇām anuśāsanam
9. Indeed, he who shatters a mountain with his head and feeds a snake is the very one who imposes his will on his own affairs.
यो बलादनुशास्तीह सोऽमित्रं तेन विन्दति ।
मित्रतामनुवृत्तं तु समुपेक्षेत पण्डितः ॥१०॥
10. yo balādanuśāstīha so'mitraṁ tena vindati ,
mitratāmanuvṛttaṁ tu samupekṣeta paṇḍitaḥ.
10. yaḥ balāt anuśāsti iha saḥ amitram tena vindati
mitratām anuvṛttam tu samupekṣeta paṇḍitaḥ
10. He who governs by force in this world finds an enemy through that. But a wise person should disregard a friendship that is merely customary.
प्रदीप्य यः प्रदीप्ताग्निं प्राक्त्वरन्नाभिधावति ।
भस्मापि न स विन्देत शिष्टं क्वचन भारत ॥११॥
11. pradīpya yaḥ pradīptāgniṁ prāktvarannābhidhāvati ,
bhasmāpi na sa vindeta śiṣṭaṁ kvacana bhārata.
11. pradīpya yaḥ pradīptāgnim prāk tvaran na abhidhāvati
bhasma api na saḥ vindeta śiṣṭam kvacana bhārata
11. O Bhārata, he who, having ignited a blazing fire, does not immediately hasten towards it, will not find even the remaining ash anywhere.
न वासयेत्पारवर्ग्यं द्विषन्तं विशेषतः क्षत्तरहितं मनुष्यम् ।
स यत्रेच्छसि विदुर तत्र गच्छ सुसान्त्वितापि ह्यसती स्त्री जहाति ॥१२॥
12. na vāsayetpāravargyaṁ dviṣantaṁ; viśeṣataḥ kṣattarahitaṁ manuṣyam ,
sa yatrecchasi vidura tatra gaccha; susāntvitāpi hyasatī strī jahāti.
12. na vāsayet pāravargyam dviṣantam
viśeṣataḥ kṣattṛrahitam manuṣyam saḥ
yatra icchasi vidura tatra gaccha
susāntvitā api hi asatī strī jahāti
12. One should not allow an enemy to dwell, especially a hostile man who is unprotected. O Vidura, go wherever you wish, for even a well-consoled unchaste woman will abandon (her husband).
विदुर उवाच ।
एतावता ये पुरुषं त्यजन्ति तेषां सख्यमन्तवद्ब्रूहि राजन् ।
राज्ञां हि चित्तानि परिप्लुतानि सान्त्वं दत्त्वा मुसलैर्घातयन्ति ॥१३॥
13. vidura uvāca ,
etāvatā ye puruṣaṁ tyajanti; teṣāṁ sakhyamantavadbrūhi rājan ,
rājñāṁ hi cittāni pariplutāni; sāntvaṁ dattvā musalairghātayanti.
13. vidura uvāca etāvatā ye puruṣam
tyajanti teṣām sakhyam antavat brūhi
rājan rājñām hi cittāni pariplutāni
sāntvam dattvā musalaiḥ ghātayanti
13. Vidura said: "O King, tell me, the friendship of those who abandon a person (puruṣa) for such slight reasons is ephemeral. Indeed, the minds of kings are fickle; after offering solace, they strike with clubs."
अबालस्त्वं मन्यसे राजपुत्र बालोऽहमित्येव सुमन्दबुद्धे ।
यः सौहृदे पुरुषं स्थापयित्वा पश्चादेनं दूषयते स बालः ॥१४॥
14. abālastvaṁ manyase rājaputra; bālo'hamityeva sumandabuddhe ,
yaḥ sauhṛde puruṣaṁ sthāpayitvā; paścādenaṁ dūṣayate sa bālaḥ.
14. abālaḥ tvam manyase rājaputra
bālaḥ aham iti eva sumandabuddhe
yaḥ sauhṛde puruṣam sthāpayitvā
paścāt enam dūṣayate saḥ bālaḥ
14. "O Prince, you consider yourself not a child. However, O exceedingly dull-witted one, you are indeed a child. For he who, after establishing a person (puruṣa) in friendship, later betrays him—that one is a child."
न श्रेयसे नीयते मन्दबुद्धिः स्त्री श्रोत्रियस्येव गृहे प्रदुष्टा ।
ध्रुवं न रोचेद्भरतर्षभस्य पतिः कुमार्या इव षष्टिवर्षः ॥१५॥
15. na śreyase nīyate mandabuddhiḥ; strī śrotriyasyeva gṛhe praduṣṭā ,
dhruvaṁ na rocedbharatarṣabhasya; patiḥ kumāryā iva ṣaṣṭivarṣaḥ.
15. na śreyase nīyate mandabuddhiḥ
strī śrotriyasya iva gṛhe praduṣṭā
dhruvam na rocet bharatarṣabhasya
patiḥ kumāryāḥ iva ṣaṣṭivarṣaḥ
15. A dull-witted person is not led to prosperity, just as a defiled woman in the house of a Vedic scholar (śrotriya) is not. Surely, this will not please the best of Bharatas, any more than a sixty-year-old husband would please a young maiden.
अनुप्रियं चेदनुकाङ्क्षसे त्वं सर्वेषु कार्येषु हिताहितेषु ।
स्त्रियश्च राजञ्जडपङ्गुकांश्च पृच्छ त्वं वै तादृशांश्चैव मूढान् ॥१६॥
16. anupriyaṁ cedanukāṅkṣase tvaṁ; sarveṣu kāryeṣu hitāhiteṣu ,
striyaśca rājañjaḍapaṅgukāṁśca; pṛccha tvaṁ vai tādṛśāṁścaiva mūḍhān.
16. anupriyam cet anukāṅkṣase tvam
sarveṣu kāryeṣu hitāhiteṣu striyaḥ
ca rājan jaḍapaṅgukān ca pṛccha
tvam vai tādṛśān ca eva mūḍhān
16. "O King, if you wish to pursue what is merely pleasing in all matters, whether they are beneficial or harmful, then consult women, the dull-witted, the lame, and indeed, such foolish people."
लभ्यः खलु प्रातिपीय नरोऽनुप्रियवागिह ।
अप्रियस्य तु पथ्यस्य वक्ता श्रोता च दुर्लभः ॥१७॥
17. labhyaḥ khalu prātipīya naro'nupriyavāgiha ,
apriyasya tu pathyasya vaktā śrotā ca durlabhaḥ.
17. labhyaḥ khalu prātipīya naraḥ anupriyavāk iha
apriyasya tu pathyasya vaktā śrotā ca durlabhaḥ
17. Indeed, a man who speaks pleasing words (prīti), seeking favor, is easily found in this world. However, both a speaker and a listener of unpleasant but beneficial (pathya) advice are rare.
यस्तु धर्मे पराश्वस्य हित्वा भर्तुः प्रियाप्रिये ।
अप्रियाण्याह पथ्यानि तेन राजा सहायवान् ॥१८॥
18. yastu dharme parāśvasya hitvā bhartuḥ priyāpriye ,
apriyāṇyāha pathyāni tena rājā sahāyavān.
18. yaḥ tu dharme parāśvasya hitvā bhartuḥ priyā
apriye apriyāṇi āha pathyāni tena rājā sahāyavān
18. The king finds a true helper in that person who, being steadfast in (his) natural law (dharma) and disregarding the master's personal likes and dislikes, speaks words that are unpleasant yet beneficial (pathya).
अव्याधिजं कटुकं तीक्ष्णमुष्णं यशोमुषं परुषं पूतिगन्धि ।
सतां पेयं यन्न पिबन्त्यसन्तो मन्युं महाराज पिब प्रशाम्य ॥१९॥
19. avyādhijaṁ kaṭukaṁ tīkṣṇamuṣṇaṁ; yaśomuṣaṁ paruṣaṁ pūtigandhi ,
satāṁ peyaṁ yanna pibantyasanto; manyuṁ mahārāja piba praśāmya.
19. a-vyādhi-jam kaṭukam tīkṣṇam uṣṇam
yaśaḥ-muṣam paruṣam pūti-gandhi
satām peyam yat na pibanti asantaḥ
manyum mahārāja piba pra-śāmya
19. O great king, quell your wrath (manyu)! You must suppress that anger (manyu) which, though not born of illness (avyādhija), is bitter (kaṭuka), sharp (tīkṣṇa), fierce (uṣṇa), destructive of reputation (yaśomuṣa), harsh (paruṣa), and foul-smelling (pūtigandhi). This is the anger that the virtuous (sat) must internalize (literally, 'drink'), but the wicked (asat) do not. Drink (piba) it and become completely calm (praśāmya).
वैचित्रवीर्यस्य यशो धनं च वाञ्छाम्यहं सहपुत्रस्य शश्वत् ।
यथा तथा वोऽस्तु नमश्च वोऽस्तु ममापि च स्वस्ति दिशन्तु विप्राः ॥२०॥
20. vaicitravīryasya yaśo dhanaṁ ca; vāñchāmyahaṁ sahaputrasya śaśvat ,
yathā tathā vo'stu namaśca vo'stu; mamāpi ca svasti diśantu viprāḥ.
20. Vaicitravīryasya yaśas dhanam ca
vāñchāmi aham saha-putrasya śaśvat |
yathā tathā vaḥ astu namas ca vaḥ
astu mama api ca svasti diśantu viprāḥ
20. I always desire the lasting glory and prosperity of Vaicitravīrya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) and his sons. So be it for you all, and salutations to you all. And may the learned Brahmins (vipra) also bestow well-being (svasti) upon me.
आशीविषान्नेत्रविषान्कोपयेन्न तु पण्डितः ।
एवं तेऽहं वदामीदं प्रयतः कुरुनन्दन ॥२१॥
21. āśīviṣānnetraviṣānkopayenna tu paṇḍitaḥ ,
evaṁ te'haṁ vadāmīdaṁ prayataḥ kurunandana.
21. āśīviṣān netraviṣān kopayet na tu paṇḍitaḥ |
evam te aham vadāmi idam prayataḥ kurunandana
21. A wise person should not provoke poisonous snakes (āśīviṣa) or those with venom in their eyes (netraviṣa). Thus, O delight of the Kurus, I diligently convey this to you.