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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-112

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
असौम्याः सौम्यरूपेण सौम्याश्चासौम्यदर्शिनः ।
ईदृशान्पुरुषांस्तात कथं विद्यामहे वयम् ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
asaumyāḥ saumyarūpeṇa saumyāścāsaumyadarśinaḥ ,
īdṛśānpuruṣāṁstāta kathaṁ vidyāmahe vayam.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca asaumyāḥ saumyarūpeṇa saumyāḥ ca
asaumyadarśinaḥ īdṛśān puruṣān tāta katham vidyāmahe vayam
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca tāta asaumyāḥ saumyarūpeṇa saumyāḥ ca
asaumyadarśinaḥ īdṛśān puruṣān vayam katham vidyāmahe
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O dear one (tāta), how can we discern such individuals who are truly unkind but appear gentle, and those who are truly gentle but appear unkind?'
भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
व्याघ्रगोमायुसंवादं तं निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
vyāghragomāyusaṁvādaṁ taṁ nibodha yudhiṣṭhira.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam vyāghragomāyusaṃvādam tam nibodha yudhiṣṭhira
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yudhiṣṭhira atra api purātanam imam
itihāsam vyāghragomāyusaṃvādam udāharanti tam nibodha
2. Bhīṣma said: 'In this context, they also recount this ancient story (itihāsa) – the dialogue between a tiger and a jackal. O Yudhiṣṭhira, please listen to it.'
पुरिकायां पुरि पुरा श्रीमत्यां पौरिको नृपः ।
परहिंसारुचिः क्रूरो बभूव पुरुषाधमः ॥३॥
3. purikāyāṁ puri purā śrīmatyāṁ pauriko nṛpaḥ ,
parahiṁsāruciḥ krūro babhūva puruṣādhamaḥ.
3. purikāyām puri purā śrīmatyām paurikaḥ nṛpaḥ
parahiṃsāruciḥ krūraḥ babhūva puruṣādhamaḥ
3. purā śrīmatyām purikāyām puri paurikaḥ nṛpaḥ
parahiṃsāruciḥ krūraḥ puruṣādhamaḥ babhūva
3. Formerly, in the glorious city of Purika, there was a king named Paurika. He was cruel, delighting in harming others, and truly a wretch among men.
स त्वायुषि परिक्षीणे जगामानीप्सितां गतिम् ।
गोमायुत्वं च संप्राप्तो दूषितः पूर्वकर्मणा ॥४॥
4. sa tvāyuṣi parikṣīṇe jagāmānīpsitāṁ gatim ,
gomāyutvaṁ ca saṁprāpto dūṣitaḥ pūrvakarmaṇā.
4. saḥ tu āyuṣi parikṣīṇe jagāma anīpsitām gatim
gomāyutvam ca samprāptaḥ dūṣitaḥ pūrvakarmaṇā
4. tu saḥ āyuṣi parikṣīṇe anīpsitām gatim jagāma
ca pūrvakarmaṇā dūṣitaḥ gomāyutvam samprāptaḥ
4. But when his life was exhausted, he went to an undesirable state, and, tainted by his previous actions (karma), he attained the condition of a jackal.
संस्मृत्य पूर्वजातिं स निर्वेदं परमं गतः ।
न भक्षयति मांसानि परैरुपहृतान्यपि ॥५॥
5. saṁsmṛtya pūrvajātiṁ sa nirvedaṁ paramaṁ gataḥ ,
na bhakṣayati māṁsāni parairupahṛtānyapi.
5. saṃsmṛtya pūrvajātim saḥ nirvedaṃ paramaṃ gataḥ
na bhakṣayati māṃsāni paraiḥ upahṛtāni api
5. saḥ pūrvajātim saṃsmṛtya paramaṃ nirvedaṃ gataḥ
na paraiḥ upahṛtāni api māṃsāni bhakṣayati
5. Remembering his former birth, he attained supreme dispassion, and he would not eat meat, even that offered by others.
अहिंस्रः सर्वभूतेषु सत्यवाक्सुदृढव्रतः ।
चकार च यथाकाममाहारं पतितैः फलैः ॥६॥
6. ahiṁsraḥ sarvabhūteṣu satyavāksudṛḍhavrataḥ ,
cakāra ca yathākāmamāhāraṁ patitaiḥ phalaiḥ.
6. ahiṃsraḥ sarvabhūteṣu satyavāk sudṛḍhavrataḥ
cakāra ca yathākāmaṃ āhāraṃ patitaiḥ phalaiḥ
6. sarvabhūteṣu ahiṃsraḥ satyavāk sudṛḍhavrataḥ
ca patitaiḥ phalaiḥ yathākāmaṃ āhāraṃ cakāra
6. He was non-violent towards all beings, truthful, and held firm vows. He sustained himself as he wished with fallen fruits.
श्मशाने तस्य चावासो गोमायोः संमतोऽभवत् ।
जन्मभूम्यनुरोधाच्च नान्यद्वासमरोचयत् ॥७॥
7. śmaśāne tasya cāvāso gomāyoḥ saṁmato'bhavat ,
janmabhūmyanurodhācca nānyadvāsamarocayat.
7. śmaśāne tasya ca āvāsaḥ gomāyoḥ saṃmataḥ abhavat
janmabhūmyanurodhāt ca na anyat vāsam arocayat
7. tasya gomāyoḥ śmaśāne āvāsaḥ saṃmataḥ abhavat
ca janmabhūmyanurodhāt na anyat vāsam arocayat
7. His dwelling in the cremation ground became acceptable to him. And, due to his attachment to his birthplace, he did not desire any other abode.
तस्य शौचममृष्यन्तः सर्वे ते सहजातयः ।
चालयन्ति स्म तां बुद्धिं वचनैः प्रश्रयोत्तरैः ॥८॥
8. tasya śaucamamṛṣyantaḥ sarve te sahajātayaḥ ,
cālayanti sma tāṁ buddhiṁ vacanaiḥ praśrayottaraiḥ.
8. tasya śaucam amṛṣyantaḥ sarve te sahajātayaḥ
cālayanti sma tām buddhim vacanaiḥ praśrayottaraiḥ
8. tasya śaucam amṛṣyantaḥ sarve te sahajātayaḥ
praśrayottaraiḥ vacanaiḥ tām buddhim cālayanti sma
8. All his kinsmen, unable to tolerate his [insistence on] purity, tried to sway that resolve of his with polite words.
वसन्पितृवने रौद्रे शौचं लप्सितुमिच्छसि ।
इयं विप्रतिपत्तिस्ते यदा त्वं पिशिताशनः ॥९॥
9. vasanpitṛvane raudre śaucaṁ lapsitumicchasi ,
iyaṁ vipratipattiste yadā tvaṁ piśitāśanaḥ.
9. vasan pitṛvane raudre śaucam lapsitum icchasi
iyam vipratipattiḥ te yadā tvam piśitāśanaḥ
9. raudre pitṛvane vasan tvam śaucam lapsitum icchasi
yadā tvam piśitāśanaḥ te iyam vipratipattiḥ
9. While dwelling in the terrifying cremation ground, you desire to attain purity. This is your inconsistency, considering that you are a flesh-eater.
तत्समो वा भवास्माभिर्भक्ष्यान्दास्यामहे वयम् ।
भुङ्क्ष्व शौचं परित्यज्य यद्धि भुक्तं तदस्ति ते ॥१०॥
10. tatsamo vā bhavāsmābhirbhakṣyāndāsyāmahe vayam ,
bhuṅkṣva śaucaṁ parityajya yaddhi bhuktaṁ tadasti te.
10. tat samaḥ vā bhava asmābhiḥ bhakṣyān dāsyāmahe vayam
bhuṅkṣva śaucam parityajya yat hi bhuktam tat asti te
10. vā tat samaḥ bhava vā asmābhiḥ bhava vayam bhakṣyān dāsyāmahe
śaucam parityajya bhuṅkṣva hi yat bhuktam tat te asti
10. Or, be like that (jackal), or join us. We will provide you with food. Eat, abandoning purity, for whatever is consumed truly becomes yours.
इति तेषां वचः श्रुत्वा प्रत्युवाच समाहितः ।
मधुरैः प्रश्रितैर्वाक्यैर्हेतुमद्भिरनिष्ठुरैः ॥११॥
11. iti teṣāṁ vacaḥ śrutvā pratyuvāca samāhitaḥ ,
madhuraiḥ praśritairvākyairhetumadbhiraniṣṭhuraiḥ.
11. iti teṣām vacaḥ śrutvā pratyuvāca samāhitaḥ
madhuraiḥ praśritaiḥ vākyaiḥ hetumadbhiḥ aniṣṭhuraiḥ
11. iti teṣām vacaḥ śrutvā samāhitaḥ madhuraiḥ praśritaiḥ
hetumadbhiḥ aniṣṭhuraiḥ vākyaiḥ pratyuvāca
11. Having heard their words, he replied, composed and attentive, with sweet, humble, reasonable, and gentle words.
अप्रमाणं प्रसूतिर्मे शीलतः क्रियते कुलम् ।
प्रार्थयिष्ये तु तत्कर्म येन विस्तीर्यते यशः ॥१२॥
12. apramāṇaṁ prasūtirme śīlataḥ kriyate kulam ,
prārthayiṣye tu tatkarma yena vistīryate yaśaḥ.
12. apramāṇam prasūtiḥ me śīlataḥ kriyate kulam
prārthayiṣye tu tat karma yena vistīryate yaśaḥ
12. me prasūtiḥ apramāṇam kulam śīlataḥ kriyate tu
tat karma yena yaśaḥ vistīryate prārthayiṣye
12. My birth (prasūti) is not the ultimate measure; lineage (kula) is established by character. I shall, however, strive for that action (karma) by which fame (yaśaḥ) is spread.
श्मशाने यदि वासो मे समाधिर्मे निशाम्यताम् ।
आत्मा फलति कर्माणि नाश्रमो धर्मलक्षणम् ॥१३॥
13. śmaśāne yadi vāso me samādhirme niśāmyatām ,
ātmā phalati karmāṇi nāśramo dharmalakṣaṇam.
13. śmaśāne yadi vāsaḥ me samādhiḥ me niśāmyatām
ātmā phalati karmāṇi na āśramaḥ dharmalakṣaṇam
13. yadi me vāsaḥ śmaśāne me samādhiḥ niśāmyatām
ātmā karmāṇi phalati na āśramaḥ dharmalakṣaṇam
13. If my dwelling is in the cremation ground, let my profound meditation (samādhi) be observed. The self (ātman) brings actions (karma) to fruition; the stage of life (āśrama) is not the true mark of natural law (dharma).
आश्रमे यो द्विजं हन्याद्गां वा दद्यादनाश्रमे ।
किं नु तत्पातकं न स्यात्तद्वा दत्तं वृथा भवेत् ॥१४॥
14. āśrame yo dvijaṁ hanyādgāṁ vā dadyādanāśrame ,
kiṁ nu tatpātakaṁ na syāttadvā dattaṁ vṛthā bhavet.
14. āśrame yaḥ dvijam hanyāt gām vā dadyāt anāśrame kim
nu tat pātakam na syāt tat vā dattam vṛthā bhavet
14. yaḥ āśrame dvijam hanyāt vā anāśrame gām dadyāt kim
nu tat pātakam na syāt vā tat dattam vṛthā bhavet
14. Whoever should kill a Brahmin (dvija) in an āśrama, or should give a cow (dāna) in (the context of) one not belonging to an āśrama: would that not be a sin? Or would that gift (dāna) be in vain?
भवन्तः सर्वलोभेन केवलं भक्षणे रताः ।
अनुबन्धे तु ये दोषास्तान्न पश्यन्ति मोहिताः ॥१५॥
15. bhavantaḥ sarvalobhena kevalaṁ bhakṣaṇe ratāḥ ,
anubandhe tu ye doṣāstānna paśyanti mohitāḥ.
15. bhavantaḥ sarvalobhena kevalam bhakṣaṇe ratāḥ
anubandhe tu ye doṣāḥ tān na paśyanti mohitāḥ
15. bhavantaḥ sarvalobhena kevalam bhakṣaṇe ratāḥ
tu mohitāḥ ye doṣāḥ anubandhe tān na paśyanti
15. You, completely consumed by greed, are solely intent on eating. However, being deluded, you do not perceive the faults or negative consequences that arise later.
अप्रत्ययकृतां गर्ह्यामर्थापनयदूषिताम् ।
इह चामुत्र चानिष्टां तस्माद्वृत्तिं न रोचये ॥१६॥
16. apratyayakṛtāṁ garhyāmarthāpanayadūṣitām ,
iha cāmutra cāniṣṭāṁ tasmādvṛttiṁ na rocaye.
16. apratyayakṛtām garhyām arthāpanayadūṣitām iha
ca amutra ca aniṣṭām tasmāt vṛttim na rocaye
16. tasmāt apratyayakṛtām garhyām arthāpanayadūṣitām
iha ca amutra ca aniṣṭām vṛttim na rocaye
16. Therefore, I do not favor a way of life that is characterized by untrustworthiness, is reprehensible, stained by the destruction of purpose or wealth, and is inauspicious both in this world and the next.
तं शुचिं पण्डितं मत्वा शार्दूलः ख्यातविक्रमः ।
कृत्वात्मसदृशां पूजां साचिव्येऽवर्धयत्स्वयम् ॥१७॥
17. taṁ śuciṁ paṇḍitaṁ matvā śārdūlaḥ khyātavikramaḥ ,
kṛtvātmasadṛśāṁ pūjāṁ sācivye'vardhayatsvayam.
17. tam śucim paṇḍitam matvā śārdūlaḥ khyātavikramaḥ
kṛtvā ātmasadṛśām pūjām sācivye avardhayat svayam
17. khyātavikramaḥ śārdūlaḥ tam śucim paṇḍitam matvā
ātmasadṛśām pūjām kṛtvā svayam sācivye avardhayat
17. The tiger (Śārdūla), renowned for his valor, considered him to be honest and wise. After offering him honor befitting his own status, he personally promoted him to the position of a minister.
सौम्य विज्ञातरूपस्त्वं गच्छ यात्रां मया सह ।
व्रियन्तामीप्सिता भोगाः परिहार्याश्च पुष्कलाः ॥१८॥
18. saumya vijñātarūpastvaṁ gaccha yātrāṁ mayā saha ,
vriyantāmīpsitā bhogāḥ parihāryāśca puṣkalāḥ.
18. saumya vijñātarūpaḥ tvam gaccha yātrām mayā saha
vriyantām īpsitāḥ bhogāḥ parihāryāḥ ca puṣkalāḥ
18. saumya vijñātarūpaḥ tvam mayā saha yātrām gaccha
īpsitāḥ bhogāḥ vriyantām ca puṣkalāḥ parihāryāḥ
18. O gentle one, you whose character is well-known, accompany me on this journey. May desired enjoyments be attained, and may abundant things that should be avoided be indeed rejected.
तीक्ष्णा वयमिति ख्याता भवतो ज्ञापयामहे ।
मृदुपूर्वं घातिनस्ते श्रेयश्चाधिगमिष्यति ॥१९॥
19. tīkṣṇā vayamiti khyātā bhavato jñāpayāmahe ,
mṛdupūrvaṁ ghātinaste śreyaścādhigamiṣyati.
19. tīkṣṇāḥ vayam iti khyātāḥ bhavataḥ jñāpayāmahe |
mṛdu-pūrvam ghātinaḥ te śreyaḥ ca adhigamiṣyati
19. vayam tīkṣṇāḥ iti khyātāḥ bhavataḥ jñāpayāmahe
ghātinaḥ te mṛdu-pūrvam śreyaḥ ca adhigamiṣyati
19. We are renowned as fierce; thus, we make this known to you. Prosperity will certainly come to you, O slayer, if you act gently first.
अथ संपूज्य तद्वाक्यं मृगेन्द्रस्य महात्मनः ।
गोमायुः प्रश्रितं वाक्यं बभाषे किंचिदानतः ॥२०॥
20. atha saṁpūjya tadvākyaṁ mṛgendrasya mahātmanaḥ ,
gomāyuḥ praśritaṁ vākyaṁ babhāṣe kiṁcidānataḥ.
20. atha saṃpūjya tat vākyam mṛgendrasya mahā-ātmanaḥ
| gomāyuḥ praśritam vākyam babhāṣe kiñcit ānataḥ
20. atha gomāyuḥ mṛgendrasya mahā-ātmanaḥ tat vākyam
saṃpūjya kiñcit ānataḥ praśritam vākyam babhāṣe
20. Then, having respectfully acknowledged that statement of the great-souled king of beasts, the jackal, bowing slightly, uttered a humble reply.
सदृशं मृगराजैतत्तव वाक्यं मदन्तरे ।
यत्सहायान्मृगयसे धर्मार्थकुशलाञ्शुचीन् ॥२१॥
21. sadṛśaṁ mṛgarājaitattava vākyaṁ madantare ,
yatsahāyānmṛgayase dharmārthakuśalāñśucīn.
21. sadṛśam mṛga-rāja etat tava vākyam mat-antare |
yat sahāyān mṛgayase dharma-artha-kuśalān śucīn
21. mṛga-rāja,
mat-antare tava etat vākyam sadṛśam yat sahāyān dharma-artha-kuśalān śucīn mṛgayase
21. O King of beasts, this statement of yours is appropriate concerning me: that you seek pure (śuci), and proficient (kuśala) assistants in matters of natural law (dharma) and material gain (artha).
न शक्यमनमात्येन महत्त्वमनुशासितुम् ।
दुष्टामात्येन वा वीर शरीरपरिपन्थिना ॥२२॥
22. na śakyamanamātyena mahattvamanuśāsitum ,
duṣṭāmātyena vā vīra śarīraparipanthinā.
22. na śakyam an-amātyena mahattvam anu-śāsitum
| duṣṭa-amātyena vā vīra śarīra-paripanthinā
22. vīra,
an-amātyena mahattvam anu-śāsitum na śakyam vā duṣṭa-amātyena śarīra-paripanthinā [api na śakyam]
22. O hero, it is not possible to govern a great state (mahattva) without a minister, nor is it possible with a wicked minister who is a foe to one's very existence (śarīra).
सहायाननुरक्तांस्तु यतेतानुपसंहितान् ।
परस्परमसंघुष्टान्विजिगीषूनलोलुपान् ॥२३॥
23. sahāyānanuraktāṁstu yatetānupasaṁhitān ,
parasparamasaṁghuṣṭānvijigīṣūnalolupān.
23. sahāyān anuraktān tu yateta anupasaṃhitān
parasparam asaṃghuṣṭān vijigīṣūn alolupān
23. yateta sahāyān anuraktān anupasaṃhitān
parasparam asaṃghuṣṭān vijigīṣūn alolupān tu
23. One should strive to have allies who are loyal, uncorrupted, not conspiring among themselves, desirous of victory, and free from greed.
तानतीतोपधान्प्राज्ञान्हिते युक्तान्मनस्विनः ।
पूजयेथा महाभागान्यथाचार्यान्यथा पितॄन् ॥२४॥
24. tānatītopadhānprājñānhite yuktānmanasvinaḥ ,
pūjayethā mahābhāgānyathācāryānyathā pitṝn.
24. tān atītopadhān prājñān hite yuktān manasvinaḥ
pūjayethāḥ mahābhāgān yathācaryān yathā pitṝn
24. tān atītopadhān prājñān hite yuktān manasvinaḥ
mahābhāgān yathācaryān yathā pitṝn pūjayethāḥ
24. You should honor those wise, high-minded, and illustrious individuals - who have passed tests of integrity and are dedicated to your welfare - treating them as you would teachers and fathers.
न त्वेवं मम संतोषाद्रोचतेऽन्यन्मृगाधिप ।
न कामये सुखान्भोगानैश्वर्यं वा त्वदाश्रयम् ॥२५॥
25. na tvevaṁ mama saṁtoṣādrocate'nyanmṛgādhipa ,
na kāmaye sukhānbhogānaiśvaryaṁ vā tvadāśrayam.
25. na tu evam mama saṃtoṣāt rocate anyat mṛgādhipa
na kāmaye sukhān bhogān aiśvaryam vā tvadāśrayam
25. mṛgādhipa tu evam mama saṃtoṣāt anyat na rocate.
sukhān bhogān vā tvadāśrayam aiśvaryam na kāmaye.
25. But, O King (mṛgādhipa), nothing else brings me such satisfaction. I do not desire pleasant enjoyments or sovereignty (aiśvarya) that is dependent on you.
न योक्ष्यति हि मे शीलं तव भृत्यैः पुरातनैः ।
ते त्वां विभेदयिष्यन्ति दुःखशीला मदन्तरे ॥२६॥
26. na yokṣyati hi me śīlaṁ tava bhṛtyaiḥ purātanaiḥ ,
te tvāṁ vibhedayiṣyanti duḥkhaśīlā madantare.
26. na yokṣyati hi me śīlam tava bhṛtyaiḥ purātanaiḥ
te tvām vibhedayiṣyanti duḥkhaśīlāḥ madantare
26. hi me śīlam tava purātanaiḥ bhṛtyaiḥ na yokṣyati.
te duḥkhaśīlāḥ madantare tvām vibhedayiṣyanti.
26. Indeed, my character (śīlam) will not be compatible with your old servants. Those who are ill-natured will cause discord and alienation among you in my absence.
संश्रयः श्लाघनीयस्त्वमन्येषामपि भास्वताम् ।
कृतात्मा सुमहाभागः पापकेष्वप्यदारुणः ॥२७॥
27. saṁśrayaḥ ślāghanīyastvamanyeṣāmapi bhāsvatām ,
kṛtātmā sumahābhāgaḥ pāpakeṣvapyadāruṇaḥ.
27. saṃśrayaḥ ślāghanīyaḥ tvam anyeṣām api bhāsvatām
kṛtātmā sumahābhāgaḥ pāpakeṣu api adāruṇaḥ
27. tvam ślāghanīyaḥ saṃśrayaḥ anyeṣām api bhāsvatām
kṛtātmā sumahābhāgaḥ pāpakeṣu api adāruṇaḥ
27. You are a praiseworthy refuge even for other illustrious beings. You are a perfected soul (ātman), exceedingly blessed, and not harsh even towards wrongdoers.
दीर्घदर्शी महोत्साहः स्थूललक्ष्यो महाबलः ।
कृती चामोघकर्तासि भाव्यैश्च समलंकृतः ॥२८॥
28. dīrghadarśī mahotsāhaḥ sthūlalakṣyo mahābalaḥ ,
kṛtī cāmoghakartāsi bhāvyaiśca samalaṁkṛtaḥ.
28. dīrghadarśī mahotsāhaḥ sthūlalakṣyaḥ mahābalaḥ
kṛtī ca amoghakartā asi bhāvyaiḥ ca samalaṅkṛtaḥ
28. dīrghadarśī mahotsāhaḥ sthūlalakṣyaḥ mahābalaḥ
kṛtī ca amoghakartā asi bhāvyaiḥ ca samalaṅkṛtaḥ
28. You are far-sighted, greatly enthusiastic, possessing a grand objective, and immensely powerful. You are also accomplished, one whose deeds are unfailing, and adorned with glorious qualities.
किं तु स्वेनास्मि संतुष्टो दुःखा वृत्तिरनुष्ठिता ।
सेवायाश्चापि नाभिज्ञः स्वच्छन्देन वनेचरः ॥२९॥
29. kiṁ tu svenāsmi saṁtuṣṭo duḥkhā vṛttiranuṣṭhitā ,
sevāyāścāpi nābhijñaḥ svacchandena vanecaraḥ.
29. kim tu svena asmi saṃtuṣṭaḥ duḥkhā vṛttiḥ anuṣṭhitā
sevāyām ca api na abhijñaḥ svacchandena vanecaraḥ
29. kim tu asmi saṃtuṣṭaḥ svena duḥkhā vṛttiḥ anuṣṭhitā
ca api na abhijñaḥ sevāyām svacchandena vanecaraḥ
29. However, I am content with my own way of life, though it has been a difficult one. I am also not familiar with service, being a forest-dweller by my own will.
राजोपक्रोशदोषाश्च सर्वे संश्रयवासिनाम् ।
वनचर्या च निःसङ्गा निर्भया निरवग्रहा ॥३०॥
30. rājopakrośadoṣāśca sarve saṁśrayavāsinām ,
vanacaryā ca niḥsaṅgā nirbhayā niravagrahā.
30. rājopakrośadoṣāḥ ca sarve saṃśrayavāsinām
vanacaryā ca niḥsaṅgā nirbhayā niravagrahā
30. sarve rājopakrośadoṣāḥ ca saṃśrayavāsinām
vanacaryā ca niḥsaṅgā nirbhayā niravagrahā
30. Furthermore, all faults arising from royal censure apply to those who live in dependence. But a forest-dwelling life is detached, fearless, and unobstructed.
नृपेणाहूयमानस्य यत्तिष्ठति भयं हृदि ।
न तत्तिष्ठति तुष्टानां वने मूलफलाशिनाम् ॥३१॥
31. nṛpeṇāhūyamānasya yattiṣṭhati bhayaṁ hṛdi ,
na tattiṣṭhati tuṣṭānāṁ vane mūlaphalāśinām.
31. nṛpeṇa āhūyamānasya yat tiṣṭhati bhayam hṛdi
na tat tiṣṭhati tuṣṭānām vane mūlaphalāśinām
31. nṛpeṇa āhūyamānasya hṛdi yat bhayam tiṣṭhati,
tat vane mūlaphalāśinām tuṣṭānām na tiṣṭhati
31. The fear that resides in the heart of one summoned by a king does not exist for those contented individuals who subsist on roots and fruits in the forest.
पानीयं वा निरायासं स्वाद्वन्नं वा भयोत्तरम् ।
विचार्य खलु पश्यामि तत्सुखं यत्र निर्वृतिः ॥३२॥
32. pānīyaṁ vā nirāyāsaṁ svādvannaṁ vā bhayottaram ,
vicārya khalu paśyāmi tatsukhaṁ yatra nirvṛtiḥ.
32. pānīyam vā nirāyāsam svādu annam vā bhayottaram
vicārya khalu paśyāmi tat sukham yatra nirvṛtiḥ
32. nirāyāsam pānīyam vā bhayottaram svādu annam vā aham vicārya khalu paśyāmi yatra nirvṛtiḥ,
tat sukham
32. Whether it is water obtained without effort, or delicious food that brings much fear, I truly consider and find that happiness (sukha) lies only where there is contentment (nirvṛti).
अपराधैर्न तावन्तो भृत्याः शिष्टा नराधिपैः ।
उपघातैर्यथा भृत्या दूषिता निधनं गताः ॥३३॥
33. aparādhairna tāvanto bhṛtyāḥ śiṣṭā narādhipaiḥ ,
upaghātairyathā bhṛtyā dūṣitā nidhanaṁ gatāḥ.
33. aparādhaiḥ na tāvantaḥ bhṛtyāḥ śiṣṭāḥ narādhipaiḥ
upaghātaiḥ yathā bhṛtyāḥ dūṣitāḥ nidhanam gatāḥ
33. aparādhaiḥ narādhipaiḥ tāvantaḥ bhṛtyāḥ na śiṣṭāḥ,
yathā upaghātaiḥ dūṣitāḥ bhṛtyāḥ nidhanam gatāḥ
33. Not as many servants are punished by rulers for their offenses as those servants who, disgraced by insults, meet their ruin.
यदि त्वेतन्मया कार्यं मृगेन्द्रो यदि मन्यते ।
समयं कृतमिच्छामि वर्तितव्यं यथा मयि ॥३४॥
34. yadi tvetanmayā kāryaṁ mṛgendro yadi manyate ,
samayaṁ kṛtamicchāmi vartitavyaṁ yathā mayi.
34. yadi tu etat mayā kāryam mṛgendraḥ yadi manyate
samayam kṛtam icchāmi vartitavyam yathā mayi
34. yadi etat mayā kāryam,
yadi mṛgendraḥ manyate,
aham samayam kṛtam icchāmi,
yathā mayi vartitavyam.
34. If this task must be done by me, and if the king of beasts (mṛgendra) agrees, then I wish an agreement to be made concerning how I should be treated.
मदीया माननीयास्ते श्रोतव्यं च हितं वचः ।
कल्पिता या च ते वृत्तिः सा भवेत्तव सुस्थिरा ॥३५॥
35. madīyā mānanīyāste śrotavyaṁ ca hitaṁ vacaḥ ,
kalpitā yā ca te vṛttiḥ sā bhavettava susthirā.
35. madīyāḥ mānanīyāḥ te śrotavyam ca hitam vacaḥ
kalpitā yā ca te vṛttiḥ sā bhavet tava susthirā
35. madīyāḥ mānanīyāḥ te (bhavantu) ca hitam vacaḥ śrotavyam
ca yā vṛttiḥ te kalpitā sā tava susthirā bhavet
35. My people are to be honored by you, and beneficial advice should be heeded. And the livelihood that has been arranged for you, let that be very stable for you.
न मन्त्रयेयमन्यैस्ते सचिवैः सह कर्हिचित् ।
नीतिमन्तः परीप्सन्तो वृथा ब्रूयुः परे मयि ॥३६॥
36. na mantrayeyamanyaiste sacivaiḥ saha karhicit ,
nītimantaḥ parīpsanto vṛthā brūyuḥ pare mayi.
36. na mantrayeyam anyaiḥ te sacivaiḥ saha karhicit
nītimantaḥ parīpsantaḥ vṛthā brūyuḥ pare mayi
36. aham anyaiḥ te sacivaiḥ saha karhicit na mantrayeyam.
nītimantaḥ parīpsantaḥ pare mayi vṛthā brūyuḥ.
36. I should never consult with your other ministers. Others, who are politically astute and desirous of gaining advantage, might speak falsely about me.
एक एकेन संगम्य रहो ब्रूयां हितं तव ।
न च ते ज्ञातिकार्येषु प्रष्टव्योऽहं हिताहिते ॥३७॥
37. eka ekena saṁgamya raho brūyāṁ hitaṁ tava ,
na ca te jñātikāryeṣu praṣṭavyo'haṁ hitāhite.
37. ekaḥ ekena saṅgamya rahaḥ brūyām hitam tava na
ca te jñātikāryeṣu praṣṭavyaḥ aham hitāhite
37. aham ekaḥ ekena (tvayā) saṅgamya rahaḥ tava hitam brūyām
ca jñātikāryeṣu te hitāhite (viṣaye) aham na praṣṭavyaḥ
37. I would meet with you alone and speak confidentially about what is beneficial for you. And you should not ask me for advice, whether good or bad, regarding matters concerning your relatives.
मया संमन्त्र्य पश्चाच्च न हिंस्याः सचिवास्त्वया ।
मदीयानां च कुपितो मा त्वं दण्डं निपातयेः ॥३८॥
38. mayā saṁmantrya paścācca na hiṁsyāḥ sacivāstvayā ,
madīyānāṁ ca kupito mā tvaṁ daṇḍaṁ nipātayeḥ.
38. mayā saṃmantrya paścāt ca na hiṃsyāḥ sacivāḥ tvayā
madīyānām ca kupitaḥ mā tvam daṇḍam nipātayeḥ
38. mayā saṃmantrya paścāt ca tvayā sacivāḥ na hiṃsyāḥ
ca tvam kupitaḥ (san) madīyānām daṇḍam mā nipātayeḥ
38. After consulting with me, your ministers should not be harmed by you. And you should not, in your anger, inflict punishment upon my people.
एवमस्त्विति तेनासौ मृगेन्द्रेणाभिपूजितः ।
प्राप्तवान्मतिसाचिव्यं गोमायुर्व्याघ्रयोनितः ॥३९॥
39. evamastviti tenāsau mṛgendreṇābhipūjitaḥ ,
prāptavānmatisācivyaṁ gomāyurvyāghrayonitaḥ.
39. evam astu iti tena asau mṛgendreṇa abhipūjitaḥ
prāptavān matisācivyam gomāyuḥ vyāghrayonitaḥ
39. tena mṛgendreṇa "evam astu" iti asau abhipūjitaḥ.
vyāghrayonitaḥ gomāyuḥ matisācivyam prāptavān.
39. "So be it," saying this, the jackal (gomāyuḥ), though from a tiger's lineage, was greatly honored by that king of beasts (mṛgendreṇa) and obtained the position of a wise minister.
तं तथा सत्कृतं दृष्ट्वा युज्यमानं च कर्मणि ।
प्राद्विषन्कृतसंघाताः पूर्वभृत्या मुहुर्मुहुः ॥४०॥
40. taṁ tathā satkṛtaṁ dṛṣṭvā yujyamānaṁ ca karmaṇi ,
prādviṣankṛtasaṁghātāḥ pūrvabhṛtyā muhurmuhuḥ.
40. tam tathā satkṛtam dṛṣṭvā yujyamānam ca karmaṇi
prādviṣan kṛtasaṃghātāḥ pūrvabhṛtyāḥ muhuḥ muhuḥ
40. pūrvabhṛtyāḥ kṛtasaṃghātāḥ tam tathā satkṛtam karmaṇi ca yujyamānam dṛṣṭvā muhuḥ muhuḥ prādviṣan.
40. Seeing him thus honored and diligently engaged in his duties (karma), the former servants, who had formed an alliance, repeatedly grew envious and hostile.
मित्रबुद्ध्या च गोमायुं सान्त्वयित्वा प्रवेश्य च ।
दोषेषु समतां नेतुमैच्छन्नशुभबुद्धयः ॥४१॥
41. mitrabuddhyā ca gomāyuṁ sāntvayitvā praveśya ca ,
doṣeṣu samatāṁ netumaicchannaśubhabuddhayaḥ.
41. mitrabuddhyā ca gomāyum sāntvayitvā praveśya ca
doṣeṣu samatām netum aicchan aśubhabuddhayaḥ
41. aśubhabuddhayaḥ (te) mitrabuddhyā gomāyum sāntvayitvā ca praveśya ca doṣeṣu samatām netum aicchan.
41. With an appearance of friendship, those ill-intentioned (aśubhabuddhayaḥ) former servants, after consoling the jackal (gomāyum) and inviting him in, wished to bring him down to their level of faults.
अन्यथा ह्युचिताः पूर्वं परद्रव्यापहारिणः ।
अशक्ताः किंचिदादातुं द्रव्यं गोमायुयन्त्रिताः ॥४२॥
42. anyathā hyucitāḥ pūrvaṁ paradravyāpahāriṇaḥ ,
aśaktāḥ kiṁcidādātuṁ dravyaṁ gomāyuyantritāḥ.
42. anyathā hi ucitāḥ pūrvam paradravyāpahāriṇaḥ
aśaktāḥ kiñcit ādātum dravyam gomāyuyantritāḥ
42. hi anyathā pūrvam paradravyāpahāriṇaḥ ucitāḥ (āsan).
(idānīm tu) gomāyuyantritāḥ (te) kiñcit dravyam ādātum aśaktāḥ (babhūvuḥ).
42. Otherwise, they (the former servants) were previously accustomed to stealing others' property. But, constrained by the jackal (gomāyuyantritāḥ), they were unable to take any wealth.
व्युत्थानं चात्र काङ्क्षद्भिः कथाभिः प्रविलोभ्यते ।
धनेन महता चैव बुद्धिरस्य विलोभ्यते ॥४३॥
43. vyutthānaṁ cātra kāṅkṣadbhiḥ kathābhiḥ pravilobhyate ,
dhanena mahatā caiva buddhirasya vilobhyate.
43. vyutthānam ca atra kāṅkṣadbhiḥ kathābhiḥ pravilobhyate
dhanena mahatā ca eva buddhiḥ asya vilobhyate
43. atra vyutthānam kāṅkṣadbhiḥ ca kathābhiḥ pravilobhyate
asya buddhiḥ ca eva mahatā dhanena vilobhyate
43. Here, by those desiring his downfall, he is greatly enticed by tales. And his intellect is tempted by considerable wealth.
न चापि स महाप्राज्ञस्तस्माद्धैर्याच्चचाल ह ।
अथास्य समयं कृत्वा विनाशाय स्थिताः परे ॥४४॥
44. na cāpi sa mahāprājñastasmāddhairyāccacāla ha ,
athāsya samayaṁ kṛtvā vināśāya sthitāḥ pare.
44. na ca api sa mahāprājñaḥ tasmāt dhairyāt cacāla
ha atha asya samayam kṛtvā vināśāya sthitāḥ pare
44. ca api sa mahāprājñaḥ tasmāt dhairyāt na cacāla
ha atha pare asya vināśāya samayam kṛtvā sthitāḥ
44. Yet, that greatly wise one (mahāprājña) did not waver from his steadfastness (dhairya). Then, having made a plan for his destruction, the others stood ready.
ईप्सितं च मृगेन्द्रस्य मांसं यत्तत्र संस्कृतम् ।
अपनीय स्वयं तद्धि तैर्न्यस्तं तस्य वेश्मनि ॥४५॥
45. īpsitaṁ ca mṛgendrasya māṁsaṁ yattatra saṁskṛtam ,
apanīya svayaṁ taddhi tairnyastaṁ tasya veśmani.
45. īpsitam ca mṛgendrasya māṃsam yat tatra saṃskṛtam
apanīya svayam tat hi taiḥ nyastam tasya veśmani
45. ca mṛgendrasya īpsitam māṃsam yat tatra saṃskṛtam,
tat svayam apanīya taiḥ hi tस्य veśmani nyastam
45. And the desired meat of the lion, which was prepared there, they themselves took it away and placed it in his dwelling.
यदर्थं चाप्यपहृतं येन यच्चैव मन्त्रितम् ।
तस्य तद्विदितं सर्वं कारणार्थं च मर्षितम् ॥४६॥
46. yadarthaṁ cāpyapahṛtaṁ yena yaccaiva mantritam ,
tasya tadviditaṁ sarvaṁ kāraṇārthaṁ ca marṣitam.
46. yat artham ca api apahṛtam yena yat ca eva mantritam
tasya tat viditam sarvam kāraṇārtham ca marṣitam
46. ca api yena yat artham apahṛtam yat ca eva mantritam,
tat sarvam tasya viditam,
ca kāraṇārtham marṣitam
46. And for what purpose it was stolen, by whom, and whatever was plotted - all that was known to him, and he tolerated it for the sake of the cause.
समयोऽयं कृतस्तेन साचिव्यमुपगच्छता ।
नोपघातस्त्वया ग्राह्यो राजन्मैत्रीमिहेच्छता ॥४७॥
47. samayo'yaṁ kṛtastena sācivyamupagacchatā ,
nopaghātastvayā grāhyo rājanmaitrīmihecchatā.
47. samayaḥ ayam kṛtaḥ tena sācivyam upagacchatā na
upaghātaḥ tvayā grāhyaḥ rājan maitrīm iha icchatā
47. rājan tena sācivyam upagacchatā ayam samayaḥ kṛtaḥ
iha maitrīm icchatā tvayā upaghātaḥ na grāhyaḥ
47. This agreement has been made by him who has assumed the role of minister. O King, no harm should be received by you, who desires friendship here.
भोजने चोपहर्तव्ये तन्मांसं न स्म दृश्यते ।
मृगराजेन चाज्ञप्तं मृग्यतां चोर इत्युत ॥४८॥
48. bhojane copahartavye tanmāṁsaṁ na sma dṛśyate ,
mṛgarājena cājñaptaṁ mṛgyatāṁ cora ityuta.
48. bhojane ca upahartavye tat māṃsam na sma dṛśyate
mṛgarājena ca ājñaptam mṛgyatām coraḥ iti uta
48. ca bhojane upahartavye tat māṃsam na sma dṛśyate
ca mṛgarājena ājñaptam uta iti coraḥ mṛgyatām
48. And when the meat was to be presented as food, that meat was not found. So, it was commanded by the king of beasts, 'Let the thief be searched for!'
कृतकैश्चापि तन्मांसं मृगेन्द्रायोपवर्णितम् ।
सचिवेनोपनीतं ते विदुषा प्राज्ञमानिना ॥४९॥
49. kṛtakaiścāpi tanmāṁsaṁ mṛgendrāyopavarṇitam ,
sacivenopanītaṁ te viduṣā prājñamāninā.
49. kṛtakaiḥ ca api tat māṃsam mṛgendrāya upavarṇitam
sacivena upanītam te viduṣā prājñamāninā
49. ca api kṛtakaiḥ tat māṃsam mṛgendrāya upavarṇitam
sacivena viduṣā prājñamāninā te upanītam
49. And that meat was presented to the king of beasts by artificial means. It was brought by the minister, who, though learned, considered himself wise.
सरोषस्त्वथ शार्दूलः श्रुत्वा गोमायुचापलम् ।
बभूवामर्षितो राजा वधं चास्याभ्यरोचयत् ॥५०॥
50. saroṣastvatha śārdūlaḥ śrutvā gomāyucāpalam ,
babhūvāmarṣito rājā vadhaṁ cāsyābhyarocayat.
50. sa roṣaḥ tu atha śārdūlaḥ śrutvā gomāyucāpalam
babhūva amarṣitaḥ rājā vadham ca asya abhyarocayat
50. atha śārdūlaḥ tu gomāyucāpalam śrutvā sa roṣaḥ
rājā babhūva amarṣitaḥ ca asya vadham abhyarocayat
50. Then, upon hearing of the jackal's deceit, the lion, filled with rage, became furious. And the king desired his (the jackal's) death.
छिद्रं तु तस्य तद्दृष्ट्वा प्रोचुस्ते पूर्वमन्त्रिणः ।
सर्वेषामेव सोऽस्माकं वृत्तिभङ्गेषु वर्तते ॥५१॥
51. chidraṁ tu tasya taddṛṣṭvā procuste pūrvamantriṇaḥ ,
sarveṣāmeva so'smākaṁ vṛttibhaṅgeṣu vartate.
51. chidram tu tasya tat dṛṣṭvā procuḥ te pūrvamantriṇaḥ
sarveṣām eva saḥ asmākam vṛttibhaṅgeṣu vartate
51. ते पूर्वमन्त्रिणः तस्य तत् छिद्रम् दृष्ट्वा प्रोचुः
सः अस्माकम् सर्वेषाम् एव वृत्तिभङ्गेषु वर्तते
51. Seeing that flaw in him, those former ministers spoke: "He is indeed causing the disruption of all our livelihoods."
इदं चास्येदृशं कर्म वाल्लभ्येन तु रक्ष्यते ।
श्रुतश्च स्वामिना पूर्वं यादृशो नैष तादृशः ॥५२॥
52. idaṁ cāsyedṛśaṁ karma vāllabhyena tu rakṣyate ,
śrutaśca svāminā pūrvaṁ yādṛśo naiṣa tādṛśaḥ.
52. idam ca asya īdṛśam karma vāllabhyena tu rakṣyate
śrutaḥ ca svāminā pūrvam yādṛśaḥ na eṣaḥ tādṛśaḥ
52. अस्य इदम् ईदृशम् कर्म तु वाल्लभ्येन रक्ष्यते
स्वामिना च पूर्वम् यदृशः श्रुतः एषः तादृशः न
52. This sort of deed (karma) of his is protected by favoritism alone. Indeed, the master previously heard what kind of person he was, but this man is not like that.
वाङ्मात्रेणैव धर्मिष्ठः स्वभावेन तु दारुणः ।
धर्मच्छद्मा ह्ययं पापो वृथाचारपरिग्रहः ।
कार्यार्थं भोजनार्थेषु व्रतेषु कृतवाञ्श्रमम् ॥५३॥
53. vāṅmātreṇaiva dharmiṣṭhaḥ svabhāvena tu dāruṇaḥ ,
dharmacchadmā hyayaṁ pāpo vṛthācāraparigrahaḥ ,
kāryārthaṁ bhojanārtheṣu vrateṣu kṛtavāñśramam.
53. vāṅmātreṇa eva dharmiṣṭhaḥ svabhāvena
tu dāruṇaḥ dharmacchadmā hi ayam
pāpaḥ vṛthācāraparigrahaḥ kāryārtham
bhojanārtheṣu vrateṣu kṛtavān śramam
53. अयम् वाङ्मात्रेण एव धर्मिष्ठः,
तु स्वभावेन दारुणः हि अयम् पापः धर्मच्छद्मा वृथाचारपरिग्रहः कार्यार्थम् भोजनार्थेषु व्रतेषु श्रमम् कृतवान्
53. By mere words, he is most righteous, but by nature (svabhāva) he is cruel. Indeed, this wicked person is a hypocrite concerning natural law (dharma), adopting useless practices. He put effort into vows undertaken for the sake of his objectives and for the sake of food.
मांसापनयनं ज्ञात्वा व्याघ्रस्तेषां तु तद्वचः ।
आज्ञापयामास तदा गोमायुर्वध्यतामिति ॥५४॥
54. māṁsāpanayanaṁ jñātvā vyāghrasteṣāṁ tu tadvacaḥ ,
ājñāpayāmāsa tadā gomāyurvadhyatāmiti.
54. māṃsāpanayanam jñātvā vyāghraḥ teṣām tu tat
vacaḥ ājñāpayāmāsa tadā gomāyuḥ vadhyatām iti
54. व्याघ्रः मांस अपनयनम् ज्ञात्वा तेषाम् तु तत्
वचः तदा आज्ञापयामास "गोमायुः वध्यताम्" इति
54. When the tiger understood the removal of the meat, he then, hearing their words, commanded: 'Let the jackal be killed!'
शार्दूलवचनं श्रुत्वा शार्दूलजननी ततः ।
मृगराजं हितैर्वाक्यैः संबोधयितुमागमत् ॥५५॥
55. śārdūlavacanaṁ śrutvā śārdūlajananī tataḥ ,
mṛgarājaṁ hitairvākyaiḥ saṁbodhayitumāgamat.
55. śārdūlavacanam śrutvā śārdūlajananī tataḥ
mṛgarājam hitaiḥ vākyaiḥ saṃbodhayitum āgamat
55. tataḥ śārdūlajananī śārdūlavacanam śrutvā
hitaiḥ vākyaiḥ mṛgarājam saṃbodhayitum āgamat
55. Having heard the tiger's words, his mother then came to address the king of beasts with beneficial advice.
पुत्र नैतत्त्वया ग्राह्यं कपटारम्भसंवृतम् ।
कर्मसंघर्षजैर्दोषैर्दुष्यत्यशुचिभिः शुचिः ॥५६॥
56. putra naitattvayā grāhyaṁ kapaṭārambhasaṁvṛtam ,
karmasaṁgharṣajairdoṣairduṣyatyaśucibhiḥ śuciḥ.
56. putra na etat tvayā grāhyam kapaṭārambhasaṃvṛtam
karmasaṃgharṣajaiḥ doṣaiḥ duṣyati aśucibhiḥ śuciḥ
56. putra etat kapaṭārambhasaṃvṛtam tvayā na grāhyam
śuciḥ karmasaṃgharṣajaiḥ aśucibhiḥ doṣaiḥ duṣyati
56. O son, you should not accept this, which is veiled by deceitful intentions. A pure person becomes corrupted by the impure faults that arise from the conflict of actions (karma).
नोच्छ्रितं सहते कश्चित्प्रक्रिया वैरकारिका ।
शुचेरपि हि युक्तस्य दोष एव निपात्यते ॥५७॥
57. nocchritaṁ sahate kaścitprakriyā vairakārikā ,
śucerapi hi yuktasya doṣa eva nipātyate.
57. na ucchritam sahate kaścit prakriyā vairakārikā
śuceḥ api hi yuktasya doṣaḥ eva nipātyate
57. kaścit ucchritam na sahate prakriyā vairakārikā
hi śuceḥ api yuktasya eva doṣaḥ nipātyate
57. No one tolerates what is exalted, because the path to exaltation generates animosity. Indeed, even on a pure and virtuous person, a defect is imposed.
लुब्धानां शुचयो द्वेष्याः कातराणां तरस्विनः ।
मूर्खाणां पण्डिता द्वेष्या दरिद्राणां महाधनाः ।
अधार्मिकाणां धर्मिष्ठा विरूपाणां सुरूपकाः ॥५८॥
58. lubdhānāṁ śucayo dveṣyāḥ kātarāṇāṁ tarasvinaḥ ,
mūrkhāṇāṁ paṇḍitā dveṣyā daridrāṇāṁ mahādhanāḥ ,
adhārmikāṇāṁ dharmiṣṭhā virūpāṇāṁ surūpakāḥ.
58. lubdhānām śucayaḥ dveṣyāḥ kātarāṇām
tarasvinaḥ mūrkāṇām paṇḍitāḥ
dveṣyāḥ daridrāṇām mahādhanāḥ adharmikāṇām
dharmiṣṭhāḥ virūpāṇām surūpakāḥ
58. lubdhānām śucayaḥ dveṣyāḥ kātarāṇām
tarasvinaḥ mūrkāṇām paṇḍitāḥ
dveṣyāḥ daridrāṇām mahādhanāḥ adharmikāṇām
dharmiṣṭhāḥ virūpāṇām surūpakāḥ
58. To the greedy, the pure are hateful; to the timid, the powerful; to the foolish, the learned; to the poor, the wealthy; to the unrighteous, the most virtuous (dharmiṣṭha); and to the ugly, the beautiful.
बहवः पण्डिता लुब्धाः सर्वे मायोपजीविनः ।
कुर्युर्दोषमदोषस्य बृहस्पतिमतेरपि ॥५९॥
59. bahavaḥ paṇḍitā lubdhāḥ sarve māyopajīvinaḥ ,
kuryurdoṣamadoṣasya bṛhaspatimaterapi.
59. bahavaḥ paṇḍitāḥ lubdhāḥ sarve māyopajīvinaḥ
kuryuḥ doṣam adoṣasya bṛhaspatimateḥ api
59. bahavaḥ lubdhāḥ paṇḍitāḥ sarve māyopajīvinaḥ
adoṣasya doṣam kuryuḥ bṛhaspatimateḥ api
59. Many greedy scholars, all of whom subsist on illusion (māyā), would create a fault in a faultless person, even one possessing the wisdom of Bṛhaspati.
शून्यात्तच्च गृहान्मांसं यदद्यापहृतं तव ।
नेच्छते दीयमानं च साधु तावद्विमृश्यताम् ॥६०॥
60. śūnyāttacca gṛhānmāṁsaṁ yadadyāpahṛtaṁ tava ,
necchate dīyamānaṁ ca sādhu tāvadvimṛśyatām.
60. śūnyāt tat ca gṛhāt māṃsam yat adya apahṛtam tava
na icchate dīyamānam ca sādhu tāvat vimṛśyatām
60. tat ca tava māṃsam yat adya śūnyāt gṛhāt apahṛtam
dīyamānam ca na icchate sādhu tāvat vimṛśyatām
60. And that meat of yours, which was stolen today from the empty house, is not desired even when it is offered. Therefore, let this be properly considered.
असत्याः सत्यसंकाशाः सत्याश्चासत्यदर्शिनः ।
दृश्यन्ते विविधा भावास्तेषु युक्तं परीक्षणम् ॥६१॥
61. asatyāḥ satyasaṁkāśāḥ satyāścāsatyadarśinaḥ ,
dṛśyante vividhā bhāvāsteṣu yuktaṁ parīkṣaṇam.
61. asatyāḥ satyasaṃkāśāḥ satyāḥ ca asatyadarśinaḥ
dṛśyante vividhāḥ bhāvāḥ teṣu yuktam parīkṣaṇam
61. asatyāḥ satyasaṃkāśāḥ ca satyāḥ asatyadarśinaḥ
vividhāḥ bhāvāḥ dṛśyante teṣu parīkṣaṇam yuktam
61. False things appear to be true, and true things appear to be false. Diverse phenomena are observed, and therefore, a proper examination of them is appropriate.
तलवद्दृश्यते व्योम खद्योतो हव्यवाडिव ।
न चैवास्ति तलं व्योम्नि न खद्योते हुताशनः ॥६२॥
62. talavaddṛśyate vyoma khadyoto havyavāḍiva ,
na caivāsti talaṁ vyomni na khadyote hutāśanaḥ.
62. talavat dṛśyate vyoma khadyotaḥ havyavāṭ iva na
ca eva asti talam vyomni na khadyote hutāśanaḥ
62. vyoma talavat dṛśyate khadyotaḥ havyavāṭ iva ca
vyomni talam na eva asti khadyote hutāśanaḥ na
62. The sky appears to have a surface, and a firefly seems like fire. However, there is certainly no actual surface in the sky, nor is there fire in a firefly.
तस्मात्प्रत्यक्षदृष्टोऽपि युक्तमर्थः परीक्षितुम् ।
परीक्ष्य ज्ञापयन्ह्यर्थान्न पश्चात्परितप्यते ॥६३॥
63. tasmātpratyakṣadṛṣṭo'pi yuktamarthaḥ parīkṣitum ,
parīkṣya jñāpayanhyarthānna paścātparitapyate.
63. tasmāt pratyakṣadṛṣṭaḥ api yuktam arthaḥ parīkṣitum
parīkṣya jñāpayan hi arthān na paścāt paritapyate
63. tasmāt arthaḥ pratyakṣadṛṣṭaḥ api parīkṣitum yuktam
hi arthān parīkṣya jñāpayan paścāt na paritapyate
63. Therefore, even if a matter is directly observed, it is proper to examine it thoroughly. Indeed, by examining and understanding matters, one does not regret later.
न दुष्करमिदं पुत्र यत्प्रभुर्घातयेत्परम् ।
श्लाघनीया च वर्या च लोके प्रभवतां क्षमा ॥६४॥
64. na duṣkaramidaṁ putra yatprabhurghātayetparam ,
ślāghanīyā ca varyā ca loke prabhavatāṁ kṣamā.
64. na duṣkaram idam putra yat prabhuḥ ghātayet param
ślāghanīyā ca varyā ca loke prabhavatām kṣamā
64. putra idam na duṣkaram yat prabhuḥ param ghātayet
ca kṣamā loke prabhavatām ślāghanīyā ca varyā
64. My son, it is not difficult for a ruler to have an enemy killed. However, forgiveness (kṣamā) is praiseworthy and excellent among powerful individuals in the world.
स्थापितोऽयं पुत्र त्वया सामन्तेष्वधि विश्रुतः ।
दुःखेनासाद्यते पात्रं धार्यतामेष ते सुहृत् ॥६५॥
65. sthāpito'yaṁ putra tvayā sāmanteṣvadhi viśrutaḥ ,
duḥkhenāsādyate pātraṁ dhāryatāmeṣa te suhṛt.
65. sthāpitaḥ ayam putra tvayā sāmanteṣu adhi viśrutaḥ
duḥkhena āsādyate pātram dhāryatām eṣaḥ te suhṛt
65. putra ayam adhi viśrutaḥ sāmanteṣu tvayā sthāpitaḥ
pātraṃ duḥkhena āsādyate eṣaḥ te suhṛt dhāryatām
65. My son, this person, highly renowned among the feudatories, was appointed by you. A worthy individual is difficult to acquire; therefore, let this friend of yours be retained.
दूषितं परदोषैर्हि गृह्णीते योऽन्यथा शुचिम् ।
स्वयं संदूषितामात्यः क्षिप्रमेव विनश्यति ॥६६॥
66. dūṣitaṁ paradoṣairhi gṛhṇīte yo'nyathā śucim ,
svayaṁ saṁdūṣitāmātyaḥ kṣiprameva vinaśyati.
66. dūṣitam paradoṣaiḥ hi gṛhṇīte yaḥ anyathā śucim
svayam saṃdūṣita āmātyaḥ kṣipram eva vinaśyati
66. hi yaḥ paradoṣaiḥ dūṣitam anyathā śucim gṛhṇīte
ca svayam saṃdūṣita āmātyaḥ eva kṣipram vinaśyati
66. Indeed, he who mistakenly considers pure one who is corrupted by the faults of others, and a minister who is himself corrupted, quickly perishes.
तस्मादथारिसंघाताद्गोमायोः कश्चिदागतः ।
धर्मात्मा तेन चाख्यातं यथैतत्कपटं कृतम् ॥६७॥
67. tasmādathārisaṁghātādgomāyoḥ kaścidāgataḥ ,
dharmātmā tena cākhyātaṁ yathaitatkapaṭaṁ kṛtam.
67. tasmāt atha ari-saṃghātāt go-māyoḥ kaścit āgataḥ
dharma-ātmā tena ca ākhyātam yathā etat kapaṭam kṛtam
67. atha tasmāt ari-saṃghātāt go-māyoḥ dharmātmā kaścit
āgataḥ ca tena ākhyātam yathā etat kapaṭam kṛtam
67. Then, from that gathering of enemies, a righteous-souled (dharma) individual, a jackal (gomāyu), arrived. And by him, it was revealed exactly how this deception had been perpetrated.
ततो विज्ञातचारित्रः सत्कृत्य स विमोक्षितः ।
परिष्वक्तश्च सस्नेहं मृगेन्द्रेण पुनः पुनः ॥६८॥
68. tato vijñātacāritraḥ satkṛtya sa vimokṣitaḥ ,
pariṣvaktaśca sasnehaṁ mṛgendreṇa punaḥ punaḥ.
68. tataḥ vijñāta-cāritraḥ satkṛtya sa vimokṣitaḥ
pariṣvaktaḥ ca sasneham mṛgendreṇa punaḥ punaḥ
68. tataḥ vijñāta-cāritraḥ saḥ satkṛtya vimokṣitaḥ
ca mṛgendreṇa sasneham punaḥ punaḥ pariṣvaktaḥ
68. Then, his character (cāritra) being understood, he was honored and released. And he was affectionately embraced repeatedly by the king of beasts (mṛgendra).
अनुज्ञाप्य मृगेन्द्रं तु गोमायुर्नीतिशास्त्रवित् ।
तेनामर्षेण संतप्तः प्रायमासितुमैच्छत ॥६९॥
69. anujñāpya mṛgendraṁ tu gomāyurnītiśāstravit ,
tenāmarṣeṇa saṁtaptaḥ prāyamāsitumaicchata.
69. anujñāpya mṛgendram tu go-māyuḥ nīti-śāstra-vit
tena amarṣeṇa santaptaḥ prāyam āsitum aicchat
69. tu nīti-śāstra-vit go-māyuḥ mṛgendram anujñāpya
tena amarṣeṇa santaptaḥ prāyam āsitum aicchat
69. But the jackal (gomāyu), who was skilled in the science of polity (nītiśāstra), having taken leave of the king of beasts (mṛgendra), was tormented by that indignation and wished to undertake a fast unto death (prāya).
शार्दूलस्तत्र गोमायुं स्नेहात्प्रस्रुतलोचनः ।
अवारयत्स धर्मिष्ठं पूजया प्रतिपूजयन् ॥७०॥
70. śārdūlastatra gomāyuṁ snehātprasrutalocanaḥ ,
avārayatsa dharmiṣṭhaṁ pūjayā pratipūjayan.
70. śārdūlaḥ tatra go-māyum snehāt prasruta-locanaḥ
avārayat sa dharmiṣṭham pūjayā pratipūjayant
70. tatra śārdūlaḥ saḥ snehāt prasruta-locanaḥ
gomāyum dharmiṣṭham pūjayā pratipūjayant avārayat
70. Then the tiger (śārdūla), with eyes moist from affection, restrained that most righteous (dharma) jackal (gomāyu), honoring him in return with reverence.
तं स गोमायुरालोक्य स्नेहादागतसंभ्रमम् ।
बभाषे प्रणतो वाक्यं बाष्पगद्गदया गिरा ॥७१॥
71. taṁ sa gomāyurālokya snehādāgatasaṁbhramam ,
babhāṣe praṇato vākyaṁ bāṣpagadgadayā girā.
71. tam saḥ gomāyuḥ ālokya snehāt āgata-saṃbhramam
babhāṣe praṇataḥ vākyam bāṣpa-gadgadayā girā
71. saḥ gomāyuḥ tam ālokya snehāt āgata-saṃbhramam
praṇataḥ bāṣpa-gadgadayā girā vākyam babhāṣe
71. The jackal, seeing him and having approached him with great agitation out of affection, humbly spoke these words with a voice choked with tears.
पूजितोऽहं त्वया पूर्वं पश्चाच्चैव विमानितः ।
परेषामास्पदं नीतो वस्तुं नार्हाम्यहं त्वयि ॥७२॥
72. pūjito'haṁ tvayā pūrvaṁ paścāccaiva vimānitaḥ ,
pareṣāmāspadaṁ nīto vastuṁ nārhāmyahaṁ tvayi.
72. pūjitaḥ aham tvayā pūrvam paścāt ca eva vimānitaḥ
pareṣām āspadam nītaḥ vastum na arhāmi aham tvayi
72. aham tvayā pūrvam pūjitaḥ paścāt ca eva vimānitaḥ
pareṣām āspadam nītaḥ aham tvayi vastum na arhāmi
72. "I was honored by you before, but then I was indeed dishonored and brought to the abode of others. I do not deserve to dwell with you."
स्वसंतुष्टाश्च्युताः स्थानान्मानात्प्रत्यवरोपिताः ।
स्वयं चोपहृता भृत्या ये चाप्युपहृताः परैः ॥७३॥
73. svasaṁtuṣṭāścyutāḥ sthānānmānātpratyavaropitāḥ ,
svayaṁ copahṛtā bhṛtyā ye cāpyupahṛtāḥ paraiḥ.
73. sva-saṃtuṣṭāḥ cyutāḥ sthānāt mānāt pratyavaropitāḥ
svayam ca upahṛtāḥ bhṛtyāḥ ye ca api upahṛtāḥ paraiḥ
73. ye bhṛtyāḥ sva-saṃtuṣṭāḥ sthānāt cyutāḥ mānāt
pratyavaropitāḥ ca svayam paraiḥ api ca upahṛtāḥ
73. Servants who are self-satisfied are removed from their position, degraded from their honor, and are insulted either by themselves (their masters) or by others.
परिक्षीणाश्च लुब्धाश्च क्रूराः काराभितापिताः ।
हृतस्वा मानिनो ये च त्यक्तोपात्ता महेप्सवः ॥७४॥
74. parikṣīṇāśca lubdhāśca krūrāḥ kārābhitāpitāḥ ,
hṛtasvā mānino ye ca tyaktopāttā mahepsavaḥ.
74. parikṣīṇāḥ ca lubdhāḥ ca krūrāḥ kārābhitāpitāḥ
hṛta-svāḥ māninaḥ ye ca tyakta-upāttāḥ mahā-īpsavaḥ
74. ye parikṣīṇāḥ ca lubdhāḥ ca krūrāḥ kārābhitāpitāḥ
hṛta-svāḥ māninaḥ ca tyakta-upāttāḥ mahā-īpsavaḥ
74. And also those who are utterly ruined, greedy, and cruel; those tormented by prisons; those proud ones whose possessions have been seized; and those who have abandoned what they gained, being greatly desirous (of more).
संतापिताश्च ये केचिद्व्यसनौघप्रतीक्षिणः ।
अन्तर्हिताः सोपहिताः सर्वे ते परसाधनाः ॥७५॥
75. saṁtāpitāśca ye kecidvyasanaughapratīkṣiṇaḥ ,
antarhitāḥ sopahitāḥ sarve te parasādhanāḥ.
75. saṃtāpitāḥ ca ye kecit vyasanaughapratīkṣiṇaḥ
antarhitāḥ sopahitāḥ sarve te parasādhanāḥ
75. ye kecit saṃtāpitāḥ ca vyasanaughapratīkṣiṇaḥ
antarhitāḥ sopahitāḥ te sarve parasādhanāḥ
75. All those who are tormented, some of whom are expecting a flood of misfortunes, and who are hidden or act with deceit - they are all agents serving others' purposes.
अवमानेन युक्तस्य स्थापितस्य च मे पुनः ।
कथं यास्यसि विश्वासमहमेष्यामि वा पुनः ॥७६॥
76. avamānena yuktasya sthāpitasya ca me punaḥ ,
kathaṁ yāsyasi viśvāsamahameṣyāmi vā punaḥ.
76. avamānena yuktasya sthāpitasya ca me punaḥ
katham yāsyasi viśvāsam aham eṣyāmi vā punaḥ
76. avamānena yuktasya sthāpitasya ca me punaḥ
katham viśvāsam yāsyasi? vā aham punaḥ eṣyāmi?
76. How will you come to trust me again, or how can I return, after I have been established [in a position] and then subjected to insult?
समर्थ इति संगृह्य स्थापयित्वा परीक्ष्य च ।
कृतं च समयं भित्त्वा त्वयाहमवमानितः ॥७७॥
77. samartha iti saṁgṛhya sthāpayitvā parīkṣya ca ,
kṛtaṁ ca samayaṁ bhittvā tvayāhamavamānitaḥ.
77. samarthaḥ iti saṃgṛhya sthāpayitvā parīkṣya ca
kṛtam ca samayam bhittvā tvayā aham avamānitaḥ
77. tvayā samarthaḥ iti saṃgṛhya,
sthāpayitvā,
ca parīkṣya,
kṛtam ca samayam bhittvā,
aham avamānitaḥ
77. You, having accepted me as capable, having established and tested me, and having broken the agreement made, have now insulted me.
प्रथमं यः समाख्यातः शीलवानिति संसदि ।
न वाच्यं तस्य वैगुण्यं प्रतिज्ञां परिरक्षता ॥७८॥
78. prathamaṁ yaḥ samākhyātaḥ śīlavāniti saṁsadi ,
na vācyaṁ tasya vaiguṇyaṁ pratijñāṁ parirakṣatā.
78. prathamam yaḥ samākhyātaḥ śīlavān iti saṃsadi
na vācyam tasya vaiguṇyam pratijñām parirakṣatā
78. pratijñām parirakṣatā yaḥ prathamam saṃsadi śīlavān iti samākhyātaḥ,
tasya vaiguṇyam na vācyam.
78. One who upholds a pledge should not speak of the flaws of someone who was initially proclaimed virtuous in an assembly.
एवं चावमतस्येह विश्वासं किं प्रयास्यसि ।
त्वयि चैव ह्यविश्वासे ममोद्वेगो भविष्यति ॥७९॥
79. evaṁ cāvamatasyeha viśvāsaṁ kiṁ prayāsyasi ,
tvayi caiva hyaviśvāse mamodvego bhaviṣyati.
79. evaṃ ca avamatasya iha viśvāsam kim prayāsyasi
tvayi ca eva hi aviśvāse mama udvegaḥ bhaviṣyati
79. evaṃ iha avamatasya tvayi ca eva hi aviśvāse mama
udvegaḥ bhaviṣyati ca kim viśvāsam prayāsyasi
79. How will you gain the trust of someone who has been thus dishonored here? And indeed, if there is no trust in you, anxiety will arise for me.
शङ्कितस्त्वमहं भीतः परे छिद्रानुदर्शिनः ।
अस्निग्धाश्चैव दुस्तोषाः कर्म चैतद्बहुच्छलम् ॥८०॥
80. śaṅkitastvamahaṁ bhītaḥ pare chidrānudarśinaḥ ,
asnigdhāścaiva dustoṣāḥ karma caitadbahucchalam.
80. śaṅkitaḥ tu aham bhītaḥ pare chidrānudarśinaḥ
asnigdhāḥ ca eva dustoṣāḥ karma ca etat bahucchalam
80. tu aham śaṅkitaḥ bhītaḥ pare chidrānudarśinaḥ ca
eva asnigdhāḥ dustoṣāḥ ca etat karma bahucchalam
80. I am indeed fearful and suspicious, for others are intent on finding faults. Moreover, they are unloving and difficult to satisfy, and this endeavor (karma) is fraught with much deceit.
दुःखेन श्लेष्यते भिन्नं श्लिष्टं दुःखेन भिद्यते ।
भिन्नश्लिष्टा तु या प्रीतिर्न सा स्नेहेन वर्तते ॥८१॥
81. duḥkhena śleṣyate bhinnaṁ śliṣṭaṁ duḥkhena bhidyate ,
bhinnaśliṣṭā tu yā prītirna sā snehena vartate.
81. duḥkhena śleṣyate bhinnam śliṣṭam duḥkhena bhidyate
bhinnaśliṣṭā tu yā prītiḥ na sā snehena vartate
81. bhinnam duḥkhena śleṣyate śliṣṭam duḥkhena bhidyate
tu yā bhinnaśliṣṭā prītiḥ sā snehena na vartate
81. A broken thing is joined with difficulty, and a joined thing is broken with difficulty. But the affection (prīti) that has been broken and then rejoined does not last with genuine love (sneha).
कश्चिदेव हि भीतस्तु दृश्यते न परात्मनोः ।
कार्यापेक्षा हि वर्तन्ते भावाः स्निग्धास्तु दुर्लभाः ॥८२॥
82. kaścideva hi bhītastu dṛśyate na parātmanoḥ ,
kāryāpekṣā hi vartante bhāvāḥ snigdhāstu durlabhāḥ.
82. kaścit eva hi bhītaḥ tu dṛśyate na para ātmanoḥ
kāryāpekṣā hi vartante bhāvāḥ snigdhāḥ tu durlabhāḥ
82. hi eva kaścit bhītaḥ tu para ātmanoḥ na dṛśyate hi
bhāvāḥ kāryāpekṣāḥ vartante tu snigdhāḥ durlabhāḥ
82. Indeed, a fearful person does not distinguish between himself and others. For sentiments (bhāva) usually arise only with the expectation of some utility, but true affection (sneha) is rare.
सुदुःखं पुरुषज्ञानं चित्तं ह्येषां चलाचलम् ।
समर्थो वाप्यशक्तो वा शतेष्वेकोऽधिगम्यते ॥८३॥
83. suduḥkhaṁ puruṣajñānaṁ cittaṁ hyeṣāṁ calācalam ,
samartho vāpyaśakto vā śateṣveko'dhigamyate.
83. suduḥkham puruṣajñānam cittam hi eṣām calācalam
samarthaḥ vā api aśaktaḥ vā śateṣu ekaḥ adhigamyate
83. puruṣajñānam suduḥkham hi eṣām cittam calācalam
samarthaḥ vā api aśaktaḥ vā śateṣu ekaḥ adhigamyate
83. Understanding human beings (puruṣa) is extremely difficult, for their minds are indeed very unsteady. Whether one is capable or incapable, only one in hundreds is truly comprehended.
अकस्मात्प्रक्रिया नॄणामकस्माच्चापकर्षणम् ।
शुभाशुभे महत्त्वं च प्रकर्तुं बुद्धिलाघवात् ॥८४॥
84. akasmātprakriyā nṝṇāmakasmāccāpakarṣaṇam ,
śubhāśubhe mahattvaṁ ca prakartuṁ buddhilāghavāt.
84. akasmāt prakriyā nṝṇām akasmāt ca apakarṣaṇam
śubhāśubhe mahattvam ca prakartum buddhilāghavāt
84. nṝṇām akasmāt prakriyā ca akasmāt apakarṣaṇam ca
śubhāśubhe mahattvam prakartum buddhilāghavāt
84. For human beings, there is sudden engagement and sudden withdrawal, and they are capable of achieving both favorable and unfavorable outcomes (śubhāśubha) as well as greatness, all due to the shallowness of their intellect.
एवं बहुविधं सान्त्वमुक्त्वा धर्मार्थहेतुमत् ।
प्रसादयित्वा राजानं गोमायुर्वनमभ्यगात् ॥८५॥
85. evaṁ bahuvidhaṁ sāntvamuktvā dharmārthahetumat ,
prasādayitvā rājānaṁ gomāyurvanamabhyagāt.
85. evam bahuvidham sāntvam uktvā dharmārthahetumat
prasādayitvā rājānam gomāyuḥ vanam abhyagāt
85. gomāyuḥ evam dharmārthahetumat bahuvidham
sāntvam uktvā rājānam prasādayitvā vanam abhyagāt
85. Having thus spoken many kinds of soothing words, which were conducive to the principles of (dharma) and practical affairs (artha), and having appeased the king, the jackal went to the forest.
अगृह्यानुनयं तस्य मृगेन्द्रस्य स बुद्धिमान् ।
गोमायुः प्रायमासीनस्त्यक्त्वा देहं दिवं ययौ ॥८६॥
86. agṛhyānunayaṁ tasya mṛgendrasya sa buddhimān ,
gomāyuḥ prāyamāsīnastyaktvā dehaṁ divaṁ yayau.
86. agṛhya anunayam tasya mṛgendrasya saḥ buddhimān
gomāyuḥ prāyam āsīnaḥ tyaktvā deham divam yayau
86. saḥ buddhimān gomāyuḥ tasya mṛgendrasya anunayam
agṛhya prāyam āsīnaḥ deham tyaktvā divam yayau
86. Not accepting the entreaty of that lion (mṛgendra), the intelligent jackal (gomāyu), having sat down to undertake a fast (prāya), abandoned his body and went to heaven.