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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-92

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भीष्म उवाच ।
तथा विधौ प्रवृत्ते तु सर्व एव महर्षयः ।
पितृयज्ञानकुर्वन्त विधिदृष्टेन कर्मणा ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tathā vidhau pravṛtte tu sarva eva maharṣayaḥ ,
pitṛyajñānakurvanta vidhidṛṣṭena karmaṇā.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tathā vidhau pravṛtte tu sarve eva
maharṣayaḥ pitṛyajñān akurvanta vidhidṛṣṭena karmaṇā
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tu tathā vidhau pravṛtte sarve eva
maharṣayaḥ vidhidṛṣṭena karmaṇā pitṛyajñān akurvanta
1. Bhishma said: "Indeed, when that ritual (vidhi) had thus begun, all the great sages performed the ancestral Vedic rituals (pitṛyajña) by actions (karma) prescribed by the sacred texts."
ऋषयो धर्मनित्यास्तु कृत्वा निवपनान्युत ।
तर्पणं चाप्यकुर्वन्त तीर्थाम्भोभिर्यतव्रताः ॥२॥
2. ṛṣayo dharmanityāstu kṛtvā nivapanānyuta ,
tarpaṇaṁ cāpyakurvanta tīrthāmbhobhiryatavratāḥ.
2. ṛṣayaḥ dharmanityāḥ tu kṛtvā nivapanāni uta
tarpaṇam ca api akurvanta tīrthāmbhobhiḥ yatavratāḥ
2. tu ṛṣayaḥ dharmanityāḥ yatavratāḥ nivapanāni
kṛtvā ca api tīrthāmbhobhiḥ tarpaṇam akurvanta
2. Indeed, the sages, ever steadfast in their natural law (dharma) and disciplined in their vows, having performed the funerary offerings (nivapana), also made water oblations (tarpaṇa) with the waters from holy sites.
निवापैर्दीयमानैश्च चातुर्वर्ण्येन भारत ।
तर्पिताः पितरो देवास्ते नान्नं जरयन्ति वै ॥३॥
3. nivāpairdīyamānaiśca cāturvarṇyena bhārata ,
tarpitāḥ pitaro devāste nānnaṁ jarayanti vai.
3. nivāpaiḥ dīyamānaiḥ ca cāturvarṇyena bhārata
tarpitāḥ pitaraḥ devāḥ te na annam jarayanti vai
3. bhārata cāturvarṇyena dīyamānaiḥ nivāpaiḥ ca
tarpitāḥ te pitaraḥ devāḥ annam na jarayanti vai
3. O Bhārata, the ancestors (pitṛs) and the gods, even though propitiated by the offerings given by the four social classes, are indeed unable to digest that food.
अजीर्णेनाभिहन्यन्ते ते देवाः पितृभिः सह ।
सोममेवाभ्यपद्यन्त निवापान्नाभिपीडिताः ॥४॥
4. ajīrṇenābhihanyante te devāḥ pitṛbhiḥ saha ,
somamevābhyapadyanta nivāpānnābhipīḍitāḥ.
4. ajīrṇena abhihanyante te devāḥ pitṛbhiḥ saha
somam eva abhyapadyanta nivāpānna abhipīḍitāḥ
4. te devāḥ pitṛbhiḥ saha ajīrṇena abhihanyante
nivāpānna abhipīḍitāḥ somam eva abhyapadyanta
4. Those gods, along with the ancestors (pitṛs), are afflicted by indigestion. Tormented by the food from the offerings, they resorted to Soma (Soma) itself.
तेऽब्रुवन्सोममासाद्य पितरोऽजीर्णपीडिताः ।
निवापान्नेन पीड्यामः श्रेयो नोऽत्र विधीयताम् ॥५॥
5. te'bruvansomamāsādya pitaro'jīrṇapīḍitāḥ ,
nivāpānnena pīḍyāmaḥ śreyo no'tra vidhīyatām.
5. te abruvan somam āsādya pitaraḥ ajīrṇapīḍitāḥ
nivāpānnena pīḍyāmaḥ śreyaḥ naḥ atra vidhīyatām
5. somam āsādya ajīrṇapīḍitāḥ te pitaraḥ abruvan
nivāpānnena pīḍyāmaḥ naḥ śreyaḥ atra vidhīyatām
5. Having approached Soma (Soma), those ancestors (pitṛs), afflicted by indigestion, said: 'We are tormented by the food from the offerings. Let our welfare be established here.'
तान्सोमः प्रत्युवाचाथ श्रेयश्चेदीप्सितं सुराः ।
स्वयंभूसदनं यात स वः श्रेयो विधास्यति ॥६॥
6. tānsomaḥ pratyuvācātha śreyaścedīpsitaṁ surāḥ ,
svayaṁbhūsadanaṁ yāta sa vaḥ śreyo vidhāsyati.
6. tān somaḥ pratyuvāca atha śreyaḥ cet īpsitam surāḥ
svayambhūsadanam yāta saḥ vaḥ śreyaḥ vidhāsyati
6. atha somaḥ tān pratyuvāca surāḥ cet śreyaḥ īpsitam
svayambhūsadanam yāta saḥ vaḥ śreyaḥ vidhāsyati
6. Then Soma (Soma) replied to them: 'O gods, if welfare is desired, go to the abode of the Self-Existent (Brahmā); he will provide for your welfare.'
ते सोमवचनाद्देवाः पितृभिः सह भारत ।
मेरुशृङ्गे समासीनं पितामहमुपागमन् ॥७॥
7. te somavacanāddevāḥ pitṛbhiḥ saha bhārata ,
meruśṛṅge samāsīnaṁ pitāmahamupāgaman.
7. te somavacanāt devāḥ pitṛbhiḥ saha bhārata
meruśṛṅge samāsīnam pitāmaham upāgaman
7. bhārata te devāḥ pitṛbhiḥ saha somavacanāt
meruśṛṅge samāsīnam pitāmaham upāgaman
7. O Bhārata, those gods, accompanied by the ancestors, following Soma's instruction, approached the grandfather (Brahmā) who was seated on the peak of Mount Meru.
पितर ऊचुः ।
निवापान्नेन भगवन्भृशं पीड्यामहे वयम् ।
प्रसादं कुरु नो देव श्रेयो नः संविधीयताम् ॥८॥
8. pitara ūcuḥ ,
nivāpānnena bhagavanbhṛśaṁ pīḍyāmahe vayam ,
prasādaṁ kuru no deva śreyo naḥ saṁvidhīyatām.
8. pitaraḥ ūcuḥ nivāpānnena bhagavan bhṛśam pīḍyāmahe
vayam prasādam kuru naḥ deva śreyaḥ naḥ saṃvidhīyatām
8. pitaraḥ ūcuḥ bhagavan deva vayam nivāpānnena bhṛśam
pīḍyāmahe naḥ prasādam kuru naḥ śreyaḥ saṃvidhīyatām
8. The ancestors said: 'O Lord, O God, we are greatly afflicted by the ancestral offering (nivāpa). Please show us favor; may our welfare be ensured.'
इति तेषां वचः श्रुत्वा स्वयंभूरिदमब्रवीत् ।
एष मे पार्श्वतो वह्निर्युष्मच्छ्रेयो विधास्यति ॥९॥
9. iti teṣāṁ vacaḥ śrutvā svayaṁbhūridamabravīt ,
eṣa me pārśvato vahniryuṣmacchreyo vidhāsyati.
9. iti teṣām vacaḥ śrutvā svayaṃbhūḥ idam abravīt
eṣaḥ me pārśvataḥ vahniḥ yuṣmacchreyaḥ vidhāsyati
9. iti teṣām vacaḥ śrutvā svayaṃbhūḥ idam abravīt
eṣaḥ me pārśvataḥ vahniḥ yuṣmacchreyaḥ vidhāsyati
9. Having heard their words, the self-existent (Brahmā) spoke these words: 'This fire-god (Agni) beside me will bring about your welfare.'
अग्निरुवाच ।
सहितास्तात भोक्ष्यामो निवापे समुपस्थिते ।
जरयिष्यथ चाप्यन्नं मया सार्धं न संशयः ॥१०॥
10. agniruvāca ,
sahitāstāta bhokṣyāmo nivāpe samupasthite ,
jarayiṣyatha cāpyannaṁ mayā sārdhaṁ na saṁśayaḥ.
10. agniḥ uvāca sahitāḥ tāta bhokṣyāmaḥ nivāpe samupasthite
jarayiṣyatha ca api annam mayā sārdham na saṃśayaḥ
10. agniḥ uvāca tāta nivāpe samupasthite sahitāḥ
bhokṣyāmaḥ ca api annam mayā sārdham saṃśayaḥ na
10. Agni said: 'O dear one, when the ancestral offering (nivāpa) is prepared, we will consume it together. And you (ancestors) will certainly digest that food along with me; there is no doubt about it.'
एतच्छ्रुत्वा तु पितरस्ततस्ते विज्वराभवन् ।
एतस्मात्कारणाच्चाग्नेः प्राक्तनं दीयते नृप ॥११॥
11. etacchrutvā tu pitarastataste vijvarābhavan ,
etasmātkāraṇāccāgneḥ prāktanaṁ dīyate nṛpa.
11. etat śrutvā tu pitaraḥ tataḥ te vijvarāḥ abhavan
| etasmāt kāraṇāt ca agneḥ prāktanam dīyate nṛpa
11. nṛpa etat śrutvā tu te pitaraḥ tataḥ vijvarāḥ
abhavan ca etasmāt kāraṇāt agneḥ prāktanam dīyate
11. O King, upon hearing this, those ancestors became free from distress. And for this very reason, an offering is made to Agni (the fire deity) beforehand.
निवप्ते चाग्निपूर्वे वै निवापे पुरुषर्षभ ।
न ब्रह्मराक्षसास्तं वै निवापं धर्षयन्त्युत ।
रक्षांसि चापवर्तन्ते स्थिते देवे विभावसौ ॥१२॥
12. nivapte cāgnipūrve vai nivāpe puruṣarṣabha ,
na brahmarākṣasāstaṁ vai nivāpaṁ dharṣayantyuta ,
rakṣāṁsi cāpavartante sthite deve vibhāvasau.
12. nivapte ca agni-pūrve vai nivāpe
puruṣarṣabha | na brahma-rākṣasāḥ tam
vai nivāpam dharṣayanti uta | rakṣāṃsi
ca apavartante sthite deve vibhāvasau
12. puruṣarṣabha ca vai agni-pūrve nivapte
nivāpe na brahma-rākṣasāḥ tam
vai nivāpam uta dharṣayanti ca deve
vibhāvasau sthite rakṣāṃsi apavartante
12. O best among men, when the oblation is made, preceded by the fire (ritual), neither the brahmarākṣas (ghosts of Brahmins) nor other demons (rakṣas) dare to violate that offering. And when the radiant deity (Agni) is present, the demons turn away.
पूर्वं पिण्डं पितुर्दद्यात्ततो दद्यात्पितामहे ।
प्रपितामहाय च तत एष श्राद्धविधिः स्मृतः ॥१३॥
13. pūrvaṁ piṇḍaṁ piturdadyāttato dadyātpitāmahe ,
prapitāmahāya ca tata eṣa śrāddhavidhiḥ smṛtaḥ.
13. pūrvam piṇḍam pituḥ dadyāt tataḥ dadyāt pitāmahe
| prapitāmahāya ca tataḥ eṣa śrāddha-vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ
13. pūrvam piṇḍam pituḥ dadyāt tataḥ pitāmahe dadyāt
ca tataḥ prapitāmahāya eṣa śrāddha-vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ
13. First, one should offer the rice ball (piṇḍa) to the father. Then, one should offer to the grandfather. And then, to the great-grandfather. This is considered the prescribed procedure for the śrāddha (ancestral ritual).
ब्रूयाच्छ्राद्धे च सावित्रीं पिण्डे पिण्डे समाहितः ।
सोमायेति च वक्तव्यं तथा पितृमतेति च ॥१४॥
14. brūyācchrāddhe ca sāvitrīṁ piṇḍe piṇḍe samāhitaḥ ,
somāyeti ca vaktavyaṁ tathā pitṛmateti ca.
14. brūyāt śrāddhe ca sāvitrīm piṇḍe piṇḍe samāhitaḥ
| somāya iti ca vaktavyam tathā pitṛ-mate iti ca
14. samāhitaḥ śrāddhe ca piṇḍe piṇḍe sāvitrīm brūyāt
ca somāya iti tathā ca pitṛ-mate iti vaktavyam
14. Being attentive, one should recite the Sāvitrī mantra at each rice ball (piṇḍa) in the śrāddha (ancestral ritual). And it should be spoken thus: 'To Soma,' and also 'To Pitṛmat.'
रजस्वला च या नारी व्यङ्गिता कर्णयोश्च या ।
निवापे नोपतिष्ठेत संग्राह्या नान्यवंशजाः ॥१५॥
15. rajasvalā ca yā nārī vyaṅgitā karṇayośca yā ,
nivāpe nopatiṣṭheta saṁgrāhyā nānyavaṁśajāḥ.
15. rajasvalā ca yā nārī vyaṅgitā karṇayoḥ ca yā
nivāpe na upatiṣṭheta saṃgrāhyāḥ na anyavaṃśajāḥ
15. A menstruating woman, and any woman who is physically marked or defective in her ears, should not be present at the funeral offering (nivāpa). Furthermore, women not belonging to the family lineage should not be accepted.
जलं प्रतरमाणश्च कीर्तयेत पितामहान् ।
नदीमासाद्य कुर्वीत पितॄणां पिण्डतर्पणम् ॥१६॥
16. jalaṁ prataramāṇaśca kīrtayeta pitāmahān ,
nadīmāsādya kurvīta pitṝṇāṁ piṇḍatarpaṇam.
16. jalam prataramāṇaḥ ca kīrtayeta pitāmahān
nadīm āsādya kurvīta pitṝṇām piṇḍatarpaṇam
16. One who is crossing water should remember his paternal ancestors. Having reached a river, one should perform the ritual of offering rice balls and water libations for the ancestors (pitṛ).
पूर्वं स्ववंशजानां तु कृत्वाद्भिस्तर्पणं पुनः ।
सुहृत्संबन्धिवर्गाणां ततो दद्याज्जलाञ्जलिम् ॥१७॥
17. pūrvaṁ svavaṁśajānāṁ tu kṛtvādbhistarpaṇaṁ punaḥ ,
suhṛtsaṁbandhivargāṇāṁ tato dadyājjalāñjalim.
17. pūrvam svavaṃśajānām tu kṛtvā adbhiḥ tarpaṇam punaḥ
suhṛtsambandhivargāṇām tataḥ dadyāt jalāñjalim
17. First, having indeed performed the water libation (tarpaṇa) for one's own family members, one should then offer water libations for the groups of friends and relatives.
कल्माषगोयुगेनाथ युक्तेन तरतो जलम् ।
पितरोऽभिलषन्ते वै नावं चाप्यधिरोहतः ।
सदा नावि जलं तज्ज्ञाः प्रयच्छन्ति समाहिताः ॥१८॥
18. kalmāṣagoyugenātha yuktena tarato jalam ,
pitaro'bhilaṣante vai nāvaṁ cāpyadhirohataḥ ,
sadā nāvi jalaṁ tajjñāḥ prayacchanti samāhitāḥ.
18. kalmāṣagoyugena atha yuktena tarataḥ
jalam pitaraḥ abhilaṣante vai
nāvam ca api adhirohataḥ sadā nāvi
jalam tajjñāḥ prayacchanti samāhitāḥ
18. The ancestors (pitṛ) indeed desire offerings from one who crosses the water (accompanied) by a yoked pair of brindled oxen, and also from one who embarks upon a boat. Therefore, those knowledgeable in these matters (tajjñāḥ), being attentive, always offer water from a boat.
मासार्धे कृष्णपक्षस्य कुर्यान्निवपनानि वै ।
पुष्टिरायुस्तथा वीर्यं श्रीश्चैव पितृवर्तिनः ॥१९॥
19. māsārdhe kṛṣṇapakṣasya kuryānnivapanāni vai ,
puṣṭirāyustathā vīryaṁ śrīścaiva pitṛvartinaḥ.
19. māsārdhe kṛṣṇapakṣasya kuryāt nivapanāni vai
puṣṭiḥ āyuḥ tathā vīryam śrīḥ ca eva pitṛvartinaḥ
19. kṛṣṇapakṣasya māsārdhe nivapanāni vai kuryāt
pitṛvartinaḥ puṣṭiḥ āyuḥ tathā vīryam śrīḥ ca eva
19. One should indeed perform ancestral offerings (nivapanāni) in the middle of the dark fortnight of the month. Prosperity, longevity, vigor, and glory certainly accrue to those who make these offerings to the ancestors.
पितामहः पुलस्त्यश्च वसिष्ठः पुलहस्तथा ।
अङ्गिराश्च क्रतुश्चैव कश्यपश्च महानृषिः ।
एते कुरुकुलश्रेष्ठ महायोगेश्वराः स्मृताः ॥२०॥
20. pitāmahaḥ pulastyaśca vasiṣṭhaḥ pulahastathā ,
aṅgirāśca kratuścaiva kaśyapaśca mahānṛṣiḥ ,
ete kurukulaśreṣṭha mahāyogeśvarāḥ smṛtāḥ.
20. pitāmahaḥ pulastyaḥ ca vasiṣṭhaḥ
pulahaḥ tathā aṅgirāḥ ca kratuḥ ca
eva kaśyapaḥ ca mahānṛṣiḥ ete
kurukulaśreṣṭha mahāyogeśvarāḥ smṛtāḥ
20. kurukulaśreṣṭha pitāmahaḥ pulastyaḥ
ca vasiṣṭhaḥ pulahaḥ tathā
aṅgirāḥ ca kratuḥ ca eva kaśyapaḥ ca
mahānṛṣiḥ ete mahāyogeśvarāḥ smṛtāḥ
20. Pitāmaha, Pulastya, Vasiṣṭha, and Pulaha; Aṅgiras, Kratu, and certainly Kaśyapa - these great sages, O best of the Kuru dynasty, are remembered as great masters of yoga (mahāyogeśvara).
एते च पितरो राजन्नेष श्राद्धविधिः परः ।
प्रेतास्तु पिण्डसंबन्धान्मुच्यन्ते तेन कर्मणा ॥२१॥
21. ete ca pitaro rājanneṣa śrāddhavidhiḥ paraḥ ,
pretāstu piṇḍasaṁbandhānmucyante tena karmaṇā.
21. ete ca pitaraḥ rājan eṣaḥ śrāddhavidhiḥ paraḥ
pretāḥ tu piṇḍasambandhāt mucyante tena karmaṇā
21. rājan ete ca pitaraḥ eṣaḥ paraḥ śrāddhavidhiḥ
tena karmaṇā tu pretāḥ piṇḍasambandhāt mucyante
21. And these ancestors, O King - this is the supreme procedure for ancestral rites (śrāddha). By that action (karma), the departed spirits are indeed liberated from their connection to the rice-ball offerings (piṇḍa).
इत्येषा पुरुषश्रेष्ठ श्राद्धोत्पत्तिर्यथागमम् ।
ख्यापिता पूर्वनिर्दिष्टा दानं वक्ष्याम्यतः परम् ॥२२॥
22. ityeṣā puruṣaśreṣṭha śrāddhotpattiryathāgamam ,
khyāpitā pūrvanirdiṣṭā dānaṁ vakṣyāmyataḥ param.
22. iti eṣā puruṣaśreṣṭha śrāddhotpattiḥ yathāgamam
khyāpitā pūrvanirdiṣṭā dānam vakṣyāmi ataḥ param
22. iti puruṣaśreṣṭha eṣā śrāddhotpattiḥ yathāgamam
pūrvanirdiṣṭā khyāpitā ataḥ param dānam vakṣyāmi
22. Thus, O best among men (puruṣa), this origin of ancestral rites (śrāddha) has been proclaimed according to tradition and previously described. Hereafter, I shall explain the topic of donations.