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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-37

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ब्रह्मोवाच ।
रजोऽहं वः प्रवक्ष्यामि याथातथ्येन सत्तमाः ।
निबोधत महाभागा गुणवृत्तं च सर्वशः ॥१॥
1. brahmovāca ,
rajo'haṁ vaḥ pravakṣyāmi yāthātathyena sattamāḥ ,
nibodhata mahābhāgā guṇavṛttaṁ ca sarvaśaḥ.
1. brahmā uvāca rajaḥ aham vaḥ pravakṣyāmi yāthātathyena
sattamāḥ nibodhata mahābhāgā guṇavṛttam ca sarvaśaḥ
1. brahmā uvāca sattamāḥ mahābhāgā vaḥ rajaḥ aham
yāthātathyena pravakṣyāmi ca guṇavṛttam sarvaśaḥ nibodhata
1. Brahmā said: "O most excellent ones, O greatly fortunate ones, I will now truthfully explain to you the quality of rajas. Completely understand the activities of the qualities (guṇas)."
संघातो रूपमायासः सुखदुःखे हिमातपौ ।
ऐश्वर्यं विग्रहः संधिर्हेतुवादोऽरतिः क्षमा ॥२॥
2. saṁghāto rūpamāyāsaḥ sukhaduḥkhe himātapau ,
aiśvaryaṁ vigrahaḥ saṁdhirhetuvādo'ratiḥ kṣamā.
2. saṃghātaḥ rūpam āyāsaḥ sukhaduḥkhe hima ātapau
aiśvaryaṃ vigrahaḥ sandhiḥ hetuvādaḥ aratiḥ kṣamā
2. saṃghātaḥ rūpam āyāsaḥ sukhaduḥkhe hima ātapau
aiśvaryaṃ vigrahaḥ sandhiḥ hetuvādaḥ aratiḥ kṣamā
2. Combination, form, strenuous effort, pleasure and pain, cold and heat, dominion, conflict, reconciliation, reasoned argument, discontent, and forbearance.
बलं शौर्यं मदो रोषो व्यायामकलहावपि ।
ईर्ष्येप्सा पैशुनं युद्धं ममत्वं परिपालनम् ॥३॥
3. balaṁ śauryaṁ mado roṣo vyāyāmakalahāvapi ,
īrṣyepsā paiśunaṁ yuddhaṁ mamatvaṁ paripālanam.
3. balam śauryaṃ madaḥ roṣaḥ vyāyāma kalahau api
īrṣyā īpsā paiśunam yuddham mamatvam paripālanam
3. balam śauryaṃ madaḥ roṣaḥ vyāyāma kalahau api
īrṣyā īpsā paiśunam yuddham mamatvam paripālanam
3. Strength, valor, arrogance, anger, and also physical exercise and quarrels, envy, fervent desire, malicious gossip, war, possessiveness, and diligent protection.
वधबन्धपरिक्लेशाः क्रयो विक्रय एव च ।
निकृन्त छिन्धि भिन्धीति परमर्मावकर्तनम् ॥४॥
4. vadhabandhaparikleśāḥ krayo vikraya eva ca ,
nikṛnta chindhi bhindhīti paramarmāvakartanam.
4. vadhabandhaparikleśāḥ krayaḥ vikrayaḥ eva ca
nikṛnta chindhi bhindhi iti paramarmāvakartanam
4. vadhabandhaparikleśāḥ krayaḥ vikrayaḥ eva ca
nikṛnta chindhi bhindhi iti paramarmāvakartanam
4. Slaughter, imprisonment, and severe suffering, buying and selling, and indeed the cries of 'Cut down!', 'Cut off!', 'Break!', and the deep wounding of others' vital points.
उग्रं दारुणमाक्रोशः परवित्तानुशासनम् ।
लोकचिन्ता विचिन्ता च मत्सरः परिभाषणम् ॥५॥
5. ugraṁ dāruṇamākrośaḥ paravittānuśāsanam ,
lokacintā vicintā ca matsaraḥ paribhāṣaṇam.
5. ugraṃ dāruṇam ākrośaḥ paravittānuśāsanam
lokacintā vicintā ca matsaraḥ paribhāṣaṇam
5. ugraṃ dāruṇam ākrośaḥ paravittānuśāsanam
lokacintā vicintā ca matsaraḥ paribhāṣaṇam
5. Fierce anger, cruelty, insult, the control over others' possessions, concern for the world, deep anxiety, envy, and hostile speech.
मृषावादो मृषादानं विकल्पः परिभाषणम् ।
निन्दा स्तुतिः प्रशंसा च प्रतापः परितर्पणम् ॥६॥
6. mṛṣāvādo mṛṣādānaṁ vikalpaḥ paribhāṣaṇam ,
nindā stutiḥ praśaṁsā ca pratāpaḥ paritarpaṇam.
6. mṛṣāvādaḥ mṛṣādānam vikalpaḥ paribhāṣaṇam
nindā stutiḥ praśaṃsā ca pratāpaḥ paritarpaṇam
6. mṛṣāvādaḥ mṛṣādānam vikalpaḥ paribhāṣaṇam
nindā stutiḥ praśaṃsā ca pratāpaḥ paritarpaṇam
6. False speech, improper giving, indecision, censure, blame, praise, commendation, valor, and gratification.
परिचर्या च शुश्रूषा सेवा तृष्णा व्यपाश्रयः ।
व्यूहोऽनयः प्रमादश्च परितापः परिग्रहः ॥७॥
7. paricaryā ca śuśrūṣā sevā tṛṣṇā vyapāśrayaḥ ,
vyūho'nayaḥ pramādaśca paritāpaḥ parigrahaḥ.
7. paricaryā ca śuśrūṣā sevā tṛṣṇā vyapāśrayaḥ
vyūhaḥ anayaḥ pramādaḥ ca paritāpaḥ parigrahaḥ
7. paricaryā ca śuśrūṣā sevā tṛṣṇā vyapāśrayaḥ
vyūhaḥ anayaḥ pramādaḥ ca paritāpaḥ parigrahaḥ
7. Attendance, service, devotion, craving, seeking refuge, strategic arrangement, bad policy, carelessness, suffering, and acquisition.
संस्कारा ये च लोकेऽस्मिन्प्रवर्तन्ते पृथक्पृथक् ।
नृषु नारीषु भूतेषु द्रव्येषु शरणेषु च ॥८॥
8. saṁskārā ye ca loke'sminpravartante pṛthakpṛthak ,
nṛṣu nārīṣu bhūteṣu dravyeṣu śaraṇeṣu ca.
8. saṃskārāḥ ye ca loke asmin pravartante pṛthakpṛthak
nṛṣu nārīṣu bhūteṣu dravyeṣu śaraṇeṣu ca
8. saṃskārāḥ ye loke asmin pṛthakpṛthak nṛṣu
nārīṣu bhūteṣu dravyeṣu śaraṇeṣu ca pravartante
8. And those conditioning impressions (saṃskāra) that distinctly operate in this world, among men, women, all beings, material objects, and places of refuge.
संतापोऽप्रत्ययश्चैव व्रतानि नियमाश्च ये ।
प्रदानमाशीर्युक्तं च सततं मे भवत्विति ॥९॥
9. saṁtāpo'pratyayaścaiva vratāni niyamāśca ye ,
pradānamāśīryuktaṁ ca satataṁ me bhavatviti.
9. saṃtāpaḥ apratyayaḥ ca eva vratāni niyamāḥ ca ye
pradānam āśīryuktam ca satatam me bhavatu iti
9. saṃtāpaḥ apratyayaḥ ca eva vratāni niyamāḥ ca ye
pradānam āśīryuktam ca satatam me iti bhavatu
9. May intense spiritual ardor, and disbelief, as well as the vows and prescribed observances, and giving accompanied by blessings, always be for me.
स्वधाकारो नमस्कारः स्वाहाकारो वषट्क्रिया ।
याजनाध्यापने चोभे तथैवाहुः परिग्रहम् ॥१०॥
10. svadhākāro namaskāraḥ svāhākāro vaṣaṭkriyā ,
yājanādhyāpane cobhe tathaivāhuḥ parigraham.
10. svadhākāraḥ namaskāraḥ svāhākāraḥ vaṣaṭkriyā
yājana-adhyāpane ca ubhe tathā eva āhuḥ parigraham
10. svadhākāraḥ namaskāraḥ svāhākāraḥ vaṣaṭkriyā
yājana-adhyāpane ca ubhe tathā eva parigraham āhuḥ
10. The utterance of "svadhā" for ancestors, salutation, the utterance of "svāhā" for deities, and the ritual cry of "vaṣaṭ"; likewise, both officiating at a (Vedic ritual) [yajña] and teaching - these, they say, constitute a means of acceptance (parigraha).
इदं मे स्यादिदं मे स्यात्स्नेहो गुणसमुद्भवः ।
अभिद्रोहस्तथा माया निकृतिर्मान एव च ॥११॥
11. idaṁ me syādidaṁ me syātsneho guṇasamudbhavaḥ ,
abhidrohastathā māyā nikṛtirmāna eva ca.
11. idam me syāt idam me syāt snehaḥ guṇa-samudbhavaḥ
abhidrohaḥ tathā māyā nikṛtiḥ mānaḥ eva ca
11. idam me syāt idam me syāt snehaḥ guṇa-samudbhavaḥ
tathā abhidrohaḥ māyā nikṛtiḥ mānaḥ eva ca
11. 'This should be mine, this should be mine' - such is the attachment that arises from (perceived) qualities. Likewise, malice, and also illusion (māyā), deceit, and pride (māna) [are present].
स्तैन्यं हिंसा परीवादः परितापः प्रजागरः ।
स्तम्भो दम्भोऽथ रागश्च भक्तिः प्रीतिः प्रमोदनम् ॥१२॥
12. stainyaṁ hiṁsā parīvādaḥ paritāpaḥ prajāgaraḥ ,
stambho dambho'tha rāgaśca bhaktiḥ prītiḥ pramodanam.
12. stainyam hiṃsā parīvādaḥ paritāpaḥ prajāgaraḥ stambhaḥ
dambhaḥ atha rāgaḥ ca bhaktiḥ prītiḥ pramodanam
12. stainyam hiṃsā parīvādaḥ paritāpaḥ prajāgaraḥ atha
stambhaḥ dambhaḥ rāgaḥ ca bhaktiḥ prītiḥ pramodanam
12. Theft, violence, slander, anguish, and sleeplessness; furthermore, rigidity, hypocrisy, and also attachment, devotion (bhakti), joy, and delight.
द्यूतं च जनवादश्च संबन्धाः स्त्रीकृताश्च ये ।
नृत्तवादित्रगीतानि प्रसङ्गा ये च केचन ।
सर्व एते गुणा विप्रा राजसाः संप्रकीर्तिताः ॥१३॥
13. dyūtaṁ ca janavādaśca saṁbandhāḥ strīkṛtāśca ye ,
nṛttavāditragītāni prasaṅgā ye ca kecana ,
sarva ete guṇā viprā rājasāḥ saṁprakīrtitāḥ.
13. dyūtam ca janavādaḥ ca sambandhāḥ
strīkṛtāḥ ca ye nṛttavāditragītāni
prasaṅgāḥ ye ca kecana sarve ete
guṇāḥ viprāḥ rājasāḥ samprakīrtitāḥ
13. viprāḥ dyūtam ca janavādaḥ ca ye
strīkṛtāḥ sambandhāḥ ca ye kecana
nṛttavāditragītāni prasaṅgāḥ ca sarve
ete guṇāḥ rājasāḥ samprakīrtitāḥ
13. Gambling, gossip, and illicit relationships with women, along with dancing, instrumental music, singing, and any other such attachments – all these qualities, O brahmins, are declared to be born of passion (rajas).
भूतभव्यभविष्याणां भावानां भुवि भावनाः ।
त्रिवर्गनिरता नित्यं धर्मोऽर्थः काम इत्यपि ॥१४॥
14. bhūtabhavyabhaviṣyāṇāṁ bhāvānāṁ bhuvi bhāvanāḥ ,
trivarganiratā nityaṁ dharmo'rthaḥ kāma ityapi.
14. bhūtabhavyabhaviṣyāṇām bhāvānām bhuvi bhāvanāḥ
trivarganiratāḥ nityam dharmaḥ arthaḥ kāmaḥ iti api
14. bhuvi bhāvanāḥ bhūtabhavyabhaviṣyāṇām bhāvānām
nityam trivarganiratāḥ dharmaḥ arthaḥ kāmaḥ iti api
14. On earth, the sentiments (bhāvanāḥ) of beings (bhāvānām) regarding the past, present, and future are constantly focused on the three aims of human life (trivarga): righteous conduct (dharma), material prosperity (artha), and desire (kāma).
कामवृत्ताः प्रमोदन्ते सर्वकामसमृद्धिभिः ।
अर्वाक्स्रोतस इत्येते तैजसा रजसावृताः ॥१५॥
15. kāmavṛttāḥ pramodante sarvakāmasamṛddhibhiḥ ,
arvāksrotasa ityete taijasā rajasāvṛtāḥ.
15. kāmavṛttāḥ pramodante sarvakāmasamṛddhibhiḥ
arvāksrotasaḥ iti ete taijasāḥ rajasā āvṛtāḥ
15. kāmavṛttāḥ sarvakāmasamṛddhibhiḥ pramodante
iti ete arvāksrotasaḥ taijasāḥ rajasā āvṛtāḥ
15. Those whose conduct is driven by desire (kāma) rejoice with the complete fulfillment of all desires. Such individuals, known as "अर्वाक्स्रोतसः" (those with a downward flow of energy), are fiery (taijasa) and enveloped by the quality of passion (rajas).
अस्मिँल्लोके प्रमोदन्ते जायमानाः पुनः पुनः ।
प्रेत्यभाविकमीहन्त इह लौकिकमेव च ।
ददति प्रतिगृह्णन्ति जपन्त्यथ च जुह्वति ॥१६॥
16. asmiँlloke pramodante jāyamānāḥ punaḥ punaḥ ,
pretyabhāvikamīhanta iha laukikameva ca ,
dadati pratigṛhṇanti japantyatha ca juhvati.
16. asmin loke pramodante jāyamānāḥ
punaḥ punaḥ pretyabhāvikam īhante
iha laukikam eva ca dadati
pratigṛhṇanti japanti atha ca juhvati
16. jāyamānāḥ punaḥ punaḥ asmin loke
pramodante pretyabhāvikam iha
laukikam ca eva īhante dadati
pratigṛhṇanti atha ca japanti juhvati
16. In this world, those who are born repeatedly rejoice. They strive for both things related to the afterlife and for worldly matters here. They give, they receive, they recite (mantras), and they perform Vedic fire rituals (juhvati).
रजोगुणा वो बहुधानुकीर्तिता यथावदुक्तं गुणवृत्तमेव च ।
नरो हि यो वेद गुणानिमान्सदा स राजसैः सर्वगुणैर्विमुच्यते ॥१७॥
17. rajoguṇā vo bahudhānukīrtitā; yathāvaduktaṁ guṇavṛttameva ca ,
naro hi yo veda guṇānimānsadā; sa rājasaiḥ sarvaguṇairvimucyate.
17. rajaḥguṇāḥ vaḥ bahudhā anukīrtitāḥ
yathāvat uktam guṇavṛttam eva ca
naraḥ hi yaḥ veda guṇān imān sadā
saḥ rājasaiḥ sarvaguṇaiḥ vimucyate
17. The attributes of rajas (rajoguṇa) have been extensively described to you, and their characteristic behaviors have also been accurately stated. Indeed, a person who always understands these qualities is freed from all the attributes associated with rajas.