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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-9

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
ब्राह्मणानां तु ये लोके प्रतिश्रुत्य पितामह ।
न प्रयच्छन्ति मोहात्ते के भवन्ति महामते ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ tu ye loke pratiśrutya pitāmaha ,
na prayacchanti mohātte ke bhavanti mahāmate.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca brāhmaṇānām tu ye loke pratiśrutya
pitāmaha na prayacchanti mohāt te ke bhavanti mahāmate
1. pitāmaha mahāmate ye tu loke brāhmaṇānām
pratiśrutya mohāt na prayacchanti te ke bhavanti
1. Yudhishthira said: "O Grandfather, O great-minded one, what becomes of those in this world who, having promised to brahmins, do not give due to delusion?"
एतन्मे तत्त्वतो ब्रूहि धर्मं धर्मभृतां वर ।
प्रतिश्रुत्य दुरात्मानो न प्रयच्छन्ति ये नराः ॥२॥
2. etanme tattvato brūhi dharmaṁ dharmabhṛtāṁ vara ,
pratiśrutya durātmāno na prayacchanti ye narāḥ.
2. etat me tattvataḥ brūhi dharmam dharmabhṛtām vara
pratiśrutya durātmānaḥ na prayacchanti ye narāḥ
2. dharmabhṛtām vara me etat dharmam tattvataḥ brūhi
ye durātmānaḥ narāḥ pratiśrutya na prayacchanti
2. O best among those who uphold natural law (dharma), tell me this truth: concerning those wicked-minded men who, having promised, do not give.
भीष्म उवाच ।
यो न दद्यात्प्रतिश्रुत्य स्वल्पं वा यदि वा बहु ।
आशास्तस्य हताः सर्वाः क्लीबस्येव प्रजाफलम् ॥३॥
3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
yo na dadyātpratiśrutya svalpaṁ vā yadi vā bahu ,
āśāstasya hatāḥ sarvāḥ klībasyeva prajāphalam.
3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yaḥ na dadyāt pratiśrutya svalpam vā yadi
vā bahu āśāḥ tasya hatāḥ sarvāḥ klībasya iva prajāphalam
3. yaḥ pratiśrutya svalpam vā yadi vā bahu na dadyāt
tasya sarvāḥ āśāḥ hatāḥ klībasya prajāphalam iva
3. Bhishma said: "He who, having promised, does not give, whether it be a little or a lot, all his hopes are destroyed, just like the prospect of offspring for an impotent man."
यां रात्रिं जायते पापो यां च रात्रिं विनश्यति ।
एतस्मिन्नन्तरे यद्यत्सुकृतं तस्य भारत ।
यच्च तस्य हुतं किंचित्सर्वं तस्योपहन्यते ॥४॥
4. yāṁ rātriṁ jāyate pāpo yāṁ ca rātriṁ vinaśyati ,
etasminnantare yadyatsukṛtaṁ tasya bhārata ,
yacca tasya hutaṁ kiṁcitsarvaṁ tasyopahanyate.
4. yām rātrim jāyate pāpaḥ yām ca rātrim
vinaśyati etasmin antare yat yat
sukṛtam tasya bhārata yat ca tasya
hutam kiṃcit sarvam tasya upahanyate
4. bhārata pāpaḥ yām rātrim jāyate ca
yām rātrim vinaśyati etasmin antare
tasya yat yat sukṛtam ca yat kiṃcit
tasya hutam sarvam tasya upahanyate
4. O Bharata, whatever good deeds that sinner performs in the span between the night he is born and the night he dies, and whatever little Vedic fire ritual (homa) he has performed – all of that is destroyed for him.
अत्रैतद्वचनं प्राहुर्धर्मशास्त्रविदो जनाः ।
निशम्य भरतश्रेष्ठ बुद्ध्या परमयुक्तया ॥५॥
5. atraitadvacanaṁ prāhurdharmaśāstravido janāḥ ,
niśamya bharataśreṣṭha buddhyā paramayuktayā.
5. atra etat vacanam prāhuḥ dharmaśāstravidaḥ janāḥ
niśamya bharataśreṣṭha buddhyā parama-yuktayā
5. bharataśreṣṭha atra dharmaśāstravidaḥ janāḥ etat
vacanam parama-yuktayā buddhyā niśamya prāhuḥ
5. Here, O best of Bharatas, people who are experts in the texts of natural law (dharmaśāstra) speak this statement, having understood it with a supremely discerning intellect.
अपि चोदाहरन्तीमं धर्मशास्त्रविदो जनाः ।
अश्वानां श्यामकर्णानां सहस्रेण स मुच्यते ॥६॥
6. api codāharantīmaṁ dharmaśāstravido janāḥ ,
aśvānāṁ śyāmakarṇānāṁ sahasreṇa sa mucyate.
6. api ca udāharanti imam dharmaśāstravidaḥ janāḥ
aśvānām śyāmakarṇānām sahasreṇa saḥ mucyate
6. api ca dharmaśāstravidaḥ janāḥ imam udāharanti
saḥ śyāmakarṇānām aśvānām sahasreṇa mucyate
6. Moreover, experts in the texts of natural law (dharmaśāstra) cite this verse: 'He is released by (offering) a thousand black-eared horses.'
अत्रैवोदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
सृगालस्य च संवादं वानरस्य च भारत ॥७॥
7. atraivodāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
sṛgālasya ca saṁvādaṁ vānarasya ca bhārata.
7. atra eva udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
sṛgālasya ca saṃvādam vānarasya ca bhārata
7. bhārata atra eva udāharanti imam purātanam
itihāsam sṛgālasya ca vānarasya ca saṃvādam
7. Here, O Bhārata, they also relate this ancient historical narrative (itihāsa): the conversation between a jackal and a monkey.
तौ सखायौ पुरा ह्यास्तां मानुषत्वे परंतप ।
अन्यां योनिं समापन्नौ सार्गालीं वानरीं तथा ॥८॥
8. tau sakhāyau purā hyāstāṁ mānuṣatve paraṁtapa ,
anyāṁ yoniṁ samāpannau sārgālīṁ vānarīṁ tathā.
8. tau sakhāyau purā hi āstām mānuṣatve paraṃtapa
anyām yonim samāpannau sārgālīm vānarīm tathā
8. paraṃtapa tau sakhāyau purā hi mānuṣatve āstām
tathā anyām sārgālīm vānarīm yonim samāpannau
8. Indeed, those two were friends in their human state (mānuṣatva) in the past, O scorcher of foes. Subsequently, they attained other forms of existence (yoni), specifically as a jackal and a monkey.
ततः परासून्खादन्तं सृगालं वानरोऽब्रवीत् ।
श्मशानमध्ये संप्रेक्ष्य पूर्वजातिमनुस्मरन् ॥९॥
9. tataḥ parāsūnkhādantaṁ sṛgālaṁ vānaro'bravīt ,
śmaśānamadhye saṁprekṣya pūrvajātimanusmaran.
9. tataḥ parāsūn khādantam sṛgālaḥ vānaraḥ abravīt
śmaśānamadhye samprekṣya pūrvajātīm anusmaran
9. vānaraḥ śmaśānamadhye parāsūn khādantam sṛgālam
samprekṣya pūrvajātīm anusmaran tataḥ abravīt
9. Then, seeing a jackal eating corpses in the middle of a cremation ground, a monkey, remembering its previous birth, spoke.
किं त्वया पापकं कर्म कृतं पूर्वं सुदारुणम् ।
यस्त्वं श्मशाने मृतकान्पूतिकानत्सि कुत्सितान् ॥१०॥
10. kiṁ tvayā pāpakaṁ karma kṛtaṁ pūrvaṁ sudāruṇam ,
yastvaṁ śmaśāne mṛtakānpūtikānatsi kutsitān.
10. kim tvayā pāpakam karma kṛtam pūrvam sudāruṇam
yaḥ tvam śmaśāne mṛtakān pūtikān atsi kutsitān
10. tvayā pūrvam kim sudāruṇam pāpakam karma kṛtam
yaḥ tvam śmaśāne pūtikān kutsitān mṛtakān atsi
10. What extremely dreadful sinful action (karma) was performed by you previously, that you now eat foul, loathsome corpses in a cremation ground?
एवमुक्तः प्रत्युवाच सृगालो वानरं तदा ।
ब्राह्मणस्य प्रतिश्रुत्य न मया तदुपाकृतम् ॥११॥
11. evamuktaḥ pratyuvāca sṛgālo vānaraṁ tadā ,
brāhmaṇasya pratiśrutya na mayā tadupākṛtam.
11. evam uktaḥ pratyuvāca sṛgālaḥ vānaram tadā
brāhmaṇasya pratiśrutya na mayā tat upākṛtam
11. evam uktaḥ sṛgālaḥ tadā vānaram pratyuvāca
brāhmaṇasya pratiśrutya tat mayā na upākṛtam
11. Addressed thus, the jackal then replied to the monkey: "Having made a promise to a Brahmin, that promise was not fulfilled by me."
तत्कृते पापिकां योनिमापन्नोऽस्मि प्लवंगम ।
तस्मादेवंविधं भक्ष्यं भक्षयामि बुभुक्षितः ॥१२॥
12. tatkṛte pāpikāṁ yonimāpanno'smi plavaṁgama ,
tasmādevaṁvidhaṁ bhakṣyaṁ bhakṣayāmi bubhukṣitaḥ.
12. tatkṛte pāpikām yonim āpannaḥ asmi plavaṅgama
tasmāt evaṃvidham bhakṣyam bhakṣayāmi bubhukṣitaḥ
12. plavaṅgama tatkṛte pāpikām yonim āpannaḥ asmi
tasmāt bubhukṣitaḥ evaṃvidham bhakṣyam bhakṣayāmi
12. Because of that (unfulfilled promise), I have attained a sinful birth (yoni), O monkey. Therefore, being hungry, I eat this kind of food.
इत्येतद्ब्रुवतो राजन्ब्राह्मणस्य मया श्रुतम् ।
कथां कथयतः पुण्यां धर्मज्ञस्य पुरातनीम् ॥१३॥
13. ityetadbruvato rājanbrāhmaṇasya mayā śrutam ,
kathāṁ kathayataḥ puṇyāṁ dharmajñasya purātanīm.
13. iti etat bruvataḥ rājan brāhmaṇasya mayā śrutam
kathām kathayataḥ puṇyām dharmajñasya purātanīm
13. rājan,
mayā iti etat śrutam,
bruvataḥ dharmajñasya brāhmaṇasya puṇyām purātanīm kathām kathayataḥ
13. O King, I heard this from that brahmin, a knower of (dharma), who was narrating a sacred, ancient story.
श्रुतं चापि मया भूयः कृष्णस्यापि विशां पते ।
कथां कथयतः पूर्वं ब्राह्मणं प्रति पाण्डव ॥१४॥
14. śrutaṁ cāpi mayā bhūyaḥ kṛṣṇasyāpi viśāṁ pate ,
kathāṁ kathayataḥ pūrvaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ prati pāṇḍava.
14. śrutam ca api mayā bhūyaḥ kṛṣṇasya api viśām pate
kathām kathayataḥ pūrvam brāhmaṇam prati pāṇḍava
14. viśām pate pāṇḍava,
mayā bhūyaḥ ca api kṛṣṇasya api pūrvam brāhmaṇam prati kathām kathayataḥ śrutam
14. O Lord of the people (viśām pate), O Pāṇḍava, I also heard again from Krishna, who was previously narrating a story concerning a brahmin.
एवमेव च मां नित्यं ब्राह्मणाः संदिशन्ति वै ।
प्रतिश्रुत्य भवेद्देयं नाशा कार्या हि ब्राह्मणैः ॥१५॥
15. evameva ca māṁ nityaṁ brāhmaṇāḥ saṁdiśanti vai ,
pratiśrutya bhaveddeyaṁ nāśā kāryā hi brāhmaṇaiḥ.
15. evam eva ca mām nityam brāhmaṇāḥ saṃdiśanti vai
pratiśrutya bhavet deyam na āśā kāryā hi brāhmaṇaiḥ
15. ca vai brāhmaṇāḥ mām nityam evam eva saṃdiśanti: pratiśrutya deyam bhavet,
hi brāhmaṇaiḥ āśā na kāryā
15. And indeed, brahmins always instruct me in this very way: 'What has been promised must be given, for the hopes of brahmins should certainly not be left unfulfilled.'
ब्राह्मणो ह्याशया पूर्वं कृतया पृथिवीपते ।
सुसमिद्धो यथा दीप्तः पावकस्तद्विधः स्मृतः ॥१६॥
16. brāhmaṇo hyāśayā pūrvaṁ kṛtayā pṛthivīpate ,
susamiddho yathā dīptaḥ pāvakastadvidhaḥ smṛtaḥ.
16. brāhmaṇaḥ hi āśayā pūrvam kṛtayā pṛthivīpate
susamiddhaḥ yathā dīptaḥ pāvakaḥ tat vidhaḥ smṛtaḥ
16. pṛthivīpate,
hi pūrvam kṛtayā āśayā brāhmaṇaḥ yathā susamiddhaḥ dīptaḥ pāvakaḥ,
tat vidhaḥ smṛtaḥ
16. For, O Lord of the Earth, a brahmin whose expectation has been created in advance is considered to be like a well-kindled, blazing fire.
यं निरीक्षेत संक्रुद्ध आशया पूर्वजातया ।
प्रदहेत हि तं राजन्कक्षमक्षय्यभुग्यथा ॥१७॥
17. yaṁ nirīkṣeta saṁkruddha āśayā pūrvajātayā ,
pradaheta hi taṁ rājankakṣamakṣayyabhugyathā.
17. yam nirīkṣeta saṃkruddhaḥ āśayā pūrvajātayā
pradaheta hi tam rājan kakṣam akṣayyabhuk yathā
17. rājan,
yam pūrvajātayā āśayā saṃkruddhaḥ nirīkṣeta,
tam hi akṣayyabhuk yathā kakṣam pradaheta.
17. O king, if someone, intensely enraged by a deeply ingrained animosity, were to look at another, he would indeed burn him completely, just as a fire that consumes endlessly burns dry grass.
स एव हि यदा तुष्टो वचसा प्रतिनन्दति ।
भवत्यगदसंकाशो विषये तस्य भारत ॥१८॥
18. sa eva hi yadā tuṣṭo vacasā pratinandati ,
bhavatyagadasaṁkāśo viṣaye tasya bhārata.
18. saḥ eva hi yadā tuṣṭaḥ vacasā pratinandati
bhavati agadasaṃkāśaḥ viṣaye tasya bhārata
18. bhārata,
yadā saḥ eva hi tuṣṭaḥ vacasā pratinandati,
(tadā saḥ) tasya viṣaye agadasaṃkāśaḥ bhavati.
18. But, O Bhārata, when that very person is pleased and expresses approval with his words, he becomes like an antidote (agada) in that regard for the other.
पुत्रान्पौत्रान्पशूंश्चैव बान्धवान्सचिवांस्तथा ।
पुरं जनपदं चैव शान्तिरिष्टेव पुष्यति ॥१९॥
19. putrānpautrānpaśūṁścaiva bāndhavānsacivāṁstathā ,
puraṁ janapadaṁ caiva śāntiriṣṭeva puṣyati.
19. putrān pautrān paśūn ca eva bāndhavān sacivān tathā
puram janapadam ca eva śāntiḥ iṣṭā iva puṣyati
19. śāntiḥ iṣṭā iva putrān,
pautrān,
paśūn ca eva,
bāndhavān,
sacivān tathā,
puram,
janapadam ca eva puṣyati.
19. Peace (śānti), like a cherished person, fosters sons, grandsons, cattle, relatives, ministers, and also the city and the country.
एतद्धि परमं तेजो ब्राह्मणस्येह दृश्यते ।
सहस्रकिरणस्येव सवितुर्धरणीतले ॥२०॥
20. etaddhi paramaṁ tejo brāhmaṇasyeha dṛśyate ,
sahasrakiraṇasyeva saviturdharaṇītale.
20. etat hi paramam tejaḥ brāhmaṇasya iha dṛśyate
sahasrakiraṇasya iva savituḥ dharaṇītale
20. iha brāhmaṇasya etat hi paramam tejaḥ dṛśyate,
dharaṇītale sahasrakiraṇasya savituḥ iva.
20. Indeed, this supreme spiritual power (tejas) of a brāhmaṇa is observed here, just like the thousand-rayed sun on the surface of the earth (dharaṇītala).
तस्माद्दातव्यमेवेह प्रतिश्रुत्य युधिष्ठिर ।
यदीच्छेच्छोभनां जातिं प्राप्तुं भरतसत्तम ॥२१॥
21. tasmāddātavyameveha pratiśrutya yudhiṣṭhira ,
yadīcchecchobhanāṁ jātiṁ prāptuṁ bharatasattama.
21. tasmāt dātavyam eva iha pratiśrutya yudhiṣṭhira
yadi icchet śobhanām jātim prāptum bharatasattama
21. yudhiṣṭhira bharatasattama tasmāt iha pratiśrutya
dātavyam eva yadi śobhanām jātim prāptum icchet
21. Therefore, O Yudhishthira, O best among the Bharatas, one should certainly give what has been promised in this world, if one desires to obtain an auspicious birth.
ब्राह्मणस्य हि दत्तेन ध्रुवं स्वर्गो ह्यनुत्तमः ।
शक्यं प्राप्तुं विशेषेण दानं हि महती क्रिया ॥२२॥
22. brāhmaṇasya hi dattena dhruvaṁ svargo hyanuttamaḥ ,
śakyaṁ prāptuṁ viśeṣeṇa dānaṁ hi mahatī kriyā.
22. brāhmaṇasya hi dattena dhruvam svargaḥ hi anuttamaḥ
śakyam prāptum viśeṣeṇa dānam hi mahatī kriyā
22. hi brāhmaṇasya dattena dhruvam anuttamaḥ svargaḥ
prāptum śakyam hi dānam viśeṣeṇa mahatī kriyā
22. Indeed, through gifts made to a brahmin, unsurpassed heaven (svarga) is surely attainable. For giving (dāna) is, especially, a great action.
इतो दत्तेन जीवन्ति देवताः पितरस्तथा ।
तस्माद्दानानि देयानि ब्राह्मणेभ्यो विजानता ॥२३॥
23. ito dattena jīvanti devatāḥ pitarastathā ,
tasmāddānāni deyāni brāhmaṇebhyo vijānatā.
23. itaḥ dattena jīvanti devatāḥ pitaraḥ tathā
tasmāt dānāni deyāni brāhmaṇebhyaḥ vijānatā
23. itaḥ dattena devatāḥ tathā pitaraḥ jīvanti
tasmāt vijānatā brāhmaṇebhyaḥ dānāni deyāni
23. From what is given here, the gods and ancestors (pitara) subsist. Therefore, a discerning person should give donations (dāna) to brahmins.
महद्धि भरतश्रेष्ठ ब्राह्मणस्तीर्थमुच्यते ।
वेलायां न तु कस्यांचिद्गच्छेद्विप्रो ह्यपूजितः ॥२४॥
24. mahaddhi bharataśreṣṭha brāhmaṇastīrthamucyate ,
velāyāṁ na tu kasyāṁcidgacchedvipro hyapūjitaḥ.
24. mahat hi bharataśreṣṭha brāhmaṇaḥ tīrtham ucyate
velāyām na tu kasyāñcit gacchet vipraḥ hi apūjitaḥ
24. hi bharataśreṣṭha brāhmaṇaḥ mahat tīrtham ucyate
tu hi kasyāñcit velāyām apūjitaḥ vipraḥ na gacchet
24. Indeed, O best among the Bharatas, a brahmin is said to be a great sacred person (tīrtha). But a brahmin should certainly not depart unhonored at any time.