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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-38

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विदुर उवाच ।
ऊर्ध्वं प्राणा ह्युत्क्रामन्ति यूनः स्थविर आयति ।
प्रत्युत्थानाभिवादाभ्यां पुनस्तान्प्रतिपद्यते ॥१॥
1. vidura uvāca ,
ūrdhvaṁ prāṇā hyutkrāmanti yūnaḥ sthavira āyati ,
pratyutthānābhivādābhyāṁ punastānpratipadyate.
1. vidura uvāca ūrdhvam prāṇāḥ hi utkramanti yūnaḥ sthavire
āyati pratyutthānābhivādābhyām punaḥ tān pratipadyate
1. Vidura said: When an elder approaches, the life breaths (prāṇa) of a young person indeed tend to rise upwards; however, by standing up and offering salutations, one recovers them again.
पीठं दत्त्वा साधवेऽभ्यागताय आनीयापः परिनिर्णिज्य पादौ ।
सुखं पृष्ट्वा प्रतिवेद्यात्मसंस्थं ततो दद्यादन्नमवेक्ष्य धीरः ॥२॥
2. pīṭhaṁ dattvā sādhave'bhyāgatāya; ānīyāpaḥ parinirṇijya pādau ,
sukhaṁ pṛṣṭvā prativedyātmasaṁsthaṁ; tato dadyādannamavekṣya dhīraḥ.
2. pīṭham dattvā sādhave abhyāgatāya
ānīya āpaḥ parinirṇijya pādau
sukham pṛṣṭvā prativedya ātmasaṃstham
tataḥ dadyāt annam avekṣya dhīraḥ
2. A wise person should first offer a seat to a virtuous guest who has arrived, then bring water and thoroughly wash their feet. After inquiring about their welfare and informing them of one's own well-being (ātman), one should then, after careful consideration, offer food.
यस्योदकं मधुपर्कं च गां च नमन्त्रवित्प्रतिगृह्णाति गेहे ।
लोभाद्भयादर्थकार्पण्यतो वा तस्यानर्थं जीवितमाहुरार्याः ॥३॥
3. yasyodakaṁ madhuparkaṁ ca gāṁ ca; namantravitpratigṛhṇāti gehe ,
lobhādbhayādarthakārpaṇyato vā; tasyānarthaṁ jīvitamāhurāryāḥ.
3. yasya udakam madhuparkam ca gām ca
na mantravit pratigṛhṇāti gehe
lobhāt bhayāt arthakārpaṇyataḥ vā
tasya anartham jīvitam āhuḥ āryāḥ
3. The noble ones (ārya) declare that the life of a person is without purpose if, in his home, water, the honey mixture (madhuparka), and a cow are accepted by someone not learned in sacred verses (mantra) – whether this occurs out of greed, fear, or a craving for wealth.
चिकित्सकः शल्यकर्तावकीर्णी स्तेनः क्रूरो मद्यपो भ्रूणहा च ।
सेनाजीवी श्रुतिविक्रायकश्च भृशं प्रियोऽप्यतिथिर्नोदकार्हः ॥४॥
4. cikitsakaḥ śalyakartāvakīrṇī; stenaḥ krūro madyapo bhrūṇahā ca ,
senājīvī śrutivikrāyakaśca; bhṛśaṁ priyo'pyatithirnodakārhaḥ.
4. cikitsakaḥ śalyakartā avakīrṇī
stenaḥ krūraḥ madyapaḥ bhrūṇahā ca
senājīvī śrutivikrāyakaḥ ca bhṛśam
priyaḥ api atithiḥ na udakārhaḥ
4. A physician, a surgeon, one who has broken a vow (avakīrṇī), a thief, a cruel person, a drunkard, and an embryo-killer (bhrūṇahā); also, one who lives by the army and one who sells sacred knowledge (śruti) - even if such a person is very dear, they are not worthy of water as a guest.
अविक्रेयं लवणं पक्वमन्नं दधि क्षीरं मधु तैलं घृतं च ।
तिला मांसं मूलफलानि शाकं रक्तं वासः सर्वगन्धा गुडश्च ॥५॥
5. avikreyaṁ lavaṇaṁ pakvamannaṁ; dadhi kṣīraṁ madhu tailaṁ ghṛtaṁ ca ,
tilā māṁsaṁ mūlaphalāni śākaṁ; raktaṁ vāsaḥ sarvagandhā guḍaśca.
5. avikreyaṃ lavaṇaṃ pakvam annaṃ
dadhi kṣīraṃ madhu tailaṃ ghṛtaṃ ca
| tilāḥ māṃsaṃ mūlaphalāni śākaṃ
raktaṃ vāsaḥ sarvagandhāḥ guḍaḥ ca
5. Salt, cooked food, yogurt, milk, honey, oil, and ghee are not to be sold; nor are sesame seeds, meat, roots, fruits, vegetables, red cloth, garments, all kinds of perfumes, and jaggery.
अरोषणो यः समलोष्टकाञ्चनः प्रहीणशोको गतसंधिविग्रहः ।
निन्दाप्रशंसोपरतः प्रियाप्रिये चरन्नुदासीनवदेष भिक्षुकः ॥६॥
6. aroṣaṇo yaḥ samaloṣṭakāñcanaḥ; prahīṇaśoko gatasaṁdhivigrahaḥ ,
nindāpraśaṁsoparataḥ priyāpriye; carannudāsīnavadeṣa bhikṣukaḥ.
6. aroṣaṇaḥ yaḥ samaloṣṭakāñcanaḥ
prahīṇaśokaḥ gatasaṃdhivigrahaḥ
| nindāpraśaṃsoparataḥ priyāpriye
caran udāsīnavat eṣa bhikṣukaḥ
6. This mendicant is one who is not easily angered, to whom a clod of earth and gold are alike, who has cast off sorrow, who has abandoned alliance and conflict, who has ceased from both blame and praise, and who acts impartially regarding pleasant and unpleasant things.
नीवारमूलेङ्गुदशाकवृत्तिः सुसंयतात्माग्निकार्येष्वचोद्यः ।
वने वसन्नतिथिष्वप्रमत्तो धुरंधरः पुण्यकृदेष तापसः ॥७॥
7. nīvāramūleṅgudaśākavṛttiḥ; susaṁyatātmāgnikāryeṣvacodyaḥ ,
vane vasannatithiṣvapramatto; dhuraṁdharaḥ puṇyakṛdeṣa tāpasaḥ.
7. nīvāramūleṅgudaśākavṛttiḥ
susaṃyatātmā agnikāryeṣu acodyaḥ |
vane vasan atithiṣu apramattaḥ
dhuraṃdharaḥ puṇyakṛt eṣa tāpasaḥ
7. This ascetic, dwelling in the forest, sustains himself on wild rice, roots, and inguda leaves/seeds. He has a well-controlled self (ātman), is assiduous in performing fire rituals, attentive to guests, bears the burden of his duties, and performs meritorious deeds.
अपकृत्वा बुद्धिमतो दूरस्थोऽस्मीति नाश्वसेत् ।
दीर्घौ बुद्धिमतो बाहू याभ्यां हिंसति हिंसितः ॥८॥
8. apakṛtvā buddhimato dūrastho'smīti nāśvaset ,
dīrghau buddhimato bāhū yābhyāṁ hiṁsati hiṁsitaḥ.
8. apakṛtvā buddhimataḥ dūrasthaḥ asmi iti na āśvaset
| dīrghau buddhimataḥ bāhū yābhyāṃ hiṃsati hiṃsitaḥ
8. One should not feel secure after harming a wise person, thinking, 'I am far away.' The arms of a wise person are long; with them, the injured one eventually harms the injurer.
न विश्वसेदविश्वस्ते विश्वस्ते नातिविश्वसेत् ।
विश्वासाद्भयमुत्पन्नं मूलान्यपि निकृन्तति ॥९॥
9. na viśvasedaviśvaste viśvaste nātiviśvaset ,
viśvāsādbhayamutpannaṁ mūlānyapi nikṛntati.
9. na viśvaset aviśvaste viśvaste na ativiśvaset
viśvāsāt bhayam utpannam mūlāni api nikṛntati
9. One should not trust an untrustworthy person. Even in a trustworthy person, one should not place excessive trust, because fear arising from such over-reliance can cut even the very roots (of one's well-being).
अनीर्ष्युर्गुप्तदारः स्यात्संविभागी प्रियंवदः ।
श्लक्ष्णो मधुरवाक्स्त्रीणां न चासां वशगो भवेत् ॥१०॥
10. anīrṣyurguptadāraḥ syātsaṁvibhāgī priyaṁvadaḥ ,
ślakṣṇo madhuravākstrīṇāṁ na cāsāṁ vaśago bhavet.
10. anīrṣyuḥ guptadāraḥ syāt saṃvibhāgī priyaṃvadaḥ
ślakṣṇaḥ madhuravāk strīṇām na ca āsām vaśagaḥ bhavet
10. A man should be free from jealousy, protect his wife, be generous, and speak pleasantly. He should be gentle and sweet-spoken towards women, but he should not become subservient to them.
पूजनीया महाभागाः पुण्याश्च गृहदीप्तयः ।
स्त्रियः श्रियो गृहस्योक्तास्तस्माद्रक्ष्या विशेषतः ॥११॥
11. pūjanīyā mahābhāgāḥ puṇyāśca gṛhadīptayaḥ ,
striyaḥ śriyo gṛhasyoktāstasmādrakṣyā viśeṣataḥ.
11. pūjanīyāḥ mahābhāgāḥ puṇyāḥ ca gṛhadīptayaḥ striyaḥ
śriyaḥ gṛhasya uktāḥ tasmāt rakṣyāḥ viśeṣataḥ
11. Women are to be honored; they are highly fortunate, sacred, and the lights of the home. They are declared to be the prosperity (śrī) of the household; therefore, they must be protected especially.
पितुरन्तःपुरं दद्यान्मातुर्दद्यान्महानसम् ।
गोषु चात्मसमं दद्यात्स्वयमेव कृषिं व्रजेत् ।
भृत्यैर्वणिज्याचारं च पुत्रैः सेवेत ब्राह्मणान् ॥१२॥
12. piturantaḥpuraṁ dadyānmāturdadyānmahānasam ,
goṣu cātmasamaṁ dadyātsvayameva kṛṣiṁ vrajet ,
bhṛtyairvaṇijyācāraṁ ca putraiḥ seveta brāhmaṇān.
12. pituḥ antaḥpuram dadyāt mātuḥ dadyāt
mahānasam goṣu ca ātmasamam dadyāt
svayam eva kṛṣim vrajet bhṛtyaiḥ
vaṇijyācāram ca putraiḥ sevet brāhmaṇān
12. One should give the inner quarters to the father, and the great kitchen to the mother. He should give an equal share (to himself) to the cows. He himself should personally engage in farming. Through servants, he should manage trade and commerce, and through his sons, he should serve the Brahmins.
अद्भ्योऽग्निर्ब्रह्मतः क्षत्रमश्मनो लोहमुत्थितम् ।
तेषां सर्वत्रगं तेजः स्वासु योनिषु शाम्यति ॥१३॥
13. adbhyo'gnirbrahmataḥ kṣatramaśmano lohamutthitam ,
teṣāṁ sarvatragaṁ tejaḥ svāsu yoniṣu śāmyati.
13. adbhyaḥ agniḥ brahmataḥ kṣatram aśmanaḥ loham
utthitam teṣām sarvatragam tejaḥ svāsu yoniṣu śāmyati
13. Fire (agni) arises from waters, the warrior class (kṣatra) from the Brahmin (brahman), and iron from stone. The all-pervading power (tejas) of these subsides within their own sources.
नित्यं सन्तः कुले जाताः पावकोपमतेजसः ।
क्षमावन्तो निराकाराः काष्ठेऽग्निरिव शेरते ॥१४॥
14. nityaṁ santaḥ kule jātāḥ pāvakopamatejasaḥ ,
kṣamāvanto nirākārāḥ kāṣṭhe'gniriva śerate.
14. nityam santaḥ kule jātāḥ pāvakopamatejasaḥ
kṣamāvantaḥ nirākārāḥ kāṣṭhe agniḥ iva śerate
14. Virtuous people (santaḥ), born in (noble) families, possessing brilliance (tejas) comparable to fire (agni), are patient and unassuming, residing like fire (agni) hidden within wood.
यस्य मन्त्रं न जानन्ति बाह्याश्चाभ्यन्तराश्च ये ।
स राजा सर्वतश्चक्षुश्चिरमैश्वर्यमश्नुते ॥१५॥
15. yasya mantraṁ na jānanti bāhyāścābhyantarāśca ye ,
sa rājā sarvataścakṣuściramaiśvaryamaśnute.
15. yasya mantram na jānanti bāhyāḥ ca ābhyantarāḥ ca
ye sa rājā sarvataścakṣuḥ ciram aiśvaryam aśnute
15. A king whose counsel (mantra) is not known by either outsiders or insiders, that king, being vigilant everywhere (sarvataścakṣu), enjoys lasting prosperity and dominion (aiśvarya).
करिष्यन्न प्रभाषेत कृतान्येव च दर्शयेत् ।
धर्मकामार्थकार्याणि तथा मन्त्रो न भिद्यते ॥१६॥
16. kariṣyanna prabhāṣeta kṛtānyeva ca darśayet ,
dharmakāmārthakāryāṇi tathā mantro na bhidyate.
16. kariṣyan na prabhāṣeta kṛtāni eva ca darśayet
dharmakāmārthakāryāṇi tathā mantraḥ na bhidyate
16. One should not speak about what they are intending to do, but should only reveal what has already been accomplished. In this way, for matters concerning duty (dharma), desires (kāma), and material prosperity (artha), one's counsel (mantra) remains unbroken.
गिरिपृष्ठमुपारुह्य प्रासादं वा रहोगतः ।
अरण्ये निःशलाके वा तत्र मन्त्रो विधीयते ॥१७॥
17. giripṛṣṭhamupāruhya prāsādaṁ vā rahogataḥ ,
araṇye niḥśalāke vā tatra mantro vidhīyate.
17. giripṛṣṭham upāruhya prāsādam vā rahogataḥ
araṇye niḥśalāke vā tatra mantraḥ vidhīyate
17. Counsel (mantra) should be deliberated either after ascending a mountain peak, or in a secluded palace, or in a forest that is free from obstructions.
नासुहृत्परमं मन्त्रं भारतार्हति वेदितुम् ।
अपण्डितो वापि सुहृत्पण्डितो वाप्यनात्मवान् ।
अमात्ये ह्यर्थलिप्सा च मन्त्ररक्षणमेव च ॥१८॥
18. nāsuhṛtparamaṁ mantraṁ bhāratārhati veditum ,
apaṇḍito vāpi suhṛtpaṇḍito vāpyanātmavān ,
amātye hyarthalipsā ca mantrarakṣaṇameva ca.
18. na asuhṛt paramam mantram bhārata
arhati veditum apaṇḍitaḥ vā api suhṛt
paṇḍitaḥ vā api anātmavān amātye
hi arthalipsā ca mantrarakṣaṇam eva ca
18. O Bhārata, an unfriendly person is not worthy of knowing the supreme counsel (mantra). Neither is an unlearned friend, nor even a learned person who lacks self-control (ātman). For even in a minister, there can be both a desire for wealth (arthalipsā) and the duty to protect counsel (mantrarakṣaṇam).
कृतानि सर्वकार्याणि यस्य वा पार्षदा विदुः ।
गूढमन्त्रस्य नृपतेस्तस्य सिद्धिरसंशयम् ॥१९॥
19. kṛtāni sarvakāryāṇi yasya vā pārṣadā viduḥ ,
gūḍhamantrasya nṛpatestasya siddhirasaṁśayam.
19. kṛtāni sarvakāryāṇi yasya vā pārṣadā viduḥ
gūḍhamantrasya nṛpateḥ tasya siddhiḥ asaṃśayam
19. Success is certainly attained by that king (nṛpati) whose counsel (mantra) is kept secret, and whose councillors (pārṣada) know of tasks only after they have been accomplished.
अप्रशस्तानि कर्माणि यो मोहादनुतिष्ठति ।
स तेषां विपरिभ्रंशे भ्रश्यते जीवितादपि ॥२०॥
20. apraśastāni karmāṇi yo mohādanutiṣṭhati ,
sa teṣāṁ viparibhraṁśe bhraśyate jīvitādapi.
20. apraśastāni karmāṇi yaḥ mohāt anutiṣṭhati
saḥ teṣām viparibhraṃśe bhraśyate jīvitāt api
20. Whoever performs improper actions (karma) due to delusion (moha), he loses even his life (jīvita) upon the failure of those actions.
कर्मणां तु प्रशस्तानामनुष्ठानं सुखावहम् ।
तेषामेवाननुष्ठानं पश्चात्तापकरं महत् ॥२१॥
21. karmaṇāṁ tu praśastānāmanuṣṭhānaṁ sukhāvaham ,
teṣāmevānanuṣṭhānaṁ paścāttāpakaraṁ mahat.
21. karmaṇām tu praśastānām anuṣṭhānam sukhāvaham
teṣām eva ananuṣṭhānam paścāttāpakaram mahat
21. Indeed, the performance of praiseworthy actions (karma) is conducive to happiness. Conversely, the non-performance of those very actions leads to great regret.
स्थानवृद्धिक्षयज्ञस्य षाड्गुण्यविदितात्मनः ।
अनवज्ञातशीलस्य स्वाधीना पृथिवी नृप ॥२२॥
22. sthānavṛddhikṣayajñasya ṣāḍguṇyaviditātmanaḥ ,
anavajñātaśīlasya svādhīnā pṛthivī nṛpa.
22. sthānavṛddhikṣayajñasya ṣāḍguṇyaviditātmanaḥ
anavajñātaśīlasya svādhīnā pṛthivī nṛpa
22. O King, the earth is under the complete control of a ruler who comprehends the fixed states, growth, and decline (of kingdoms), whose true nature (ātman) is understood through the six strategies (of statecraft), and whose character is never disrespected.
अमोघक्रोधहर्षस्य स्वयं कृत्यान्ववेक्षिणः ।
आत्मप्रत्ययकोशस्य वसुधेयं वसुंधरा ॥२३॥
23. amoghakrodhaharṣasya svayaṁ kṛtyānvavekṣiṇaḥ ,
ātmapratyayakośasya vasudheyaṁ vasuṁdharā.
23. amoghakrodhaharṣasya svayam kṛtyānvavekṣiṇaḥ
ātmapratyayakosasya vasudhā iyam vasundharā
23. This earth, the bearer of all wealth (vasundharā), belongs to the one whose anger and joy are never wasted, who personally oversees his duties, and whose true treasure (kośa) is self-confidence.
नाममात्रेण तुष्येत छत्रेण च महीपतिः ।
भृत्येभ्यो विसृजेदर्थान्नैकः सर्वहरो भवेत् ॥२४॥
24. nāmamātreṇa tuṣyeta chatreṇa ca mahīpatiḥ ,
bhṛtyebhyo visṛjedarthānnaikaḥ sarvaharo bhavet.
24. nāmamātreṇa tuṣyeta chatreṇa ca mahīpatiḥ
bhṛtyebhyaḥ visṛjet arthān na ekaḥ sarvaharah bhavet
24. A king should be content with merely the title and the royal umbrella (as symbols of power). He should distribute wealth to his servants, and no one person should become a plunderer of everything.
ब्राह्मणो ब्राह्मणं वेद भर्ता वेद स्त्रियं तथा ।
अमात्यं नृपतिर्वेद राजा राजानमेव च ॥२५॥
25. brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇaṁ veda bhartā veda striyaṁ tathā ,
amātyaṁ nṛpatirveda rājā rājānameva ca.
25. brāhmaṇaḥ brāhmaṇam veda bhartā veda striyam
tathā amātyam nṛpatiḥ veda rājā rājānam eva ca
25. A Brahmin understands another Brahmin, just as a husband understands his wife. A king understands his minister, and a king understands another king.
न शत्रुरङ्कमापन्नो मोक्तव्यो वध्यतां गतः ।
अहताद्धि भयं तस्माज्जायते नचिरादिव ॥२६॥
26. na śatruraṅkamāpanno moktavyo vadhyatāṁ gataḥ ,
ahatāddhi bhayaṁ tasmājjāyate nacirādiva.
26. na śatruḥ aṅkam āpannaḥ moktavyaḥ vadhyatām
gataḥ ahatāt hi bhayam tasmāt jāyate nacirāt iva
26. An enemy who has fallen into one's control and is destined for execution should not be released. For, indeed, from an unslain enemy, fear will soon arise.
दैवतेषु च यत्नेन राजसु ब्राह्मणेषु च ।
नियन्तव्यः सदा क्रोधो वृद्धबालातुरेषु च ॥२७॥
27. daivateṣu ca yatnena rājasu brāhmaṇeṣu ca ,
niyantavyaḥ sadā krodho vṛddhabālātureṣu ca.
27. daivateṣu ca yatnena rājasu brāhmaṇeṣu ca
niyantavyaḥ sadā krodhaḥ vṛddhabālātureṣu ca
27. Anger should always be carefully controlled regarding deities, kings, and Brahmins, and also regarding the elderly, children, and the sick.
निरर्थं कलहं प्राज्ञो वर्जयेन्मूढसेवितम् ।
कीर्तिं च लभते लोके न चानर्थेन युज्यते ॥२८॥
28. nirarthaṁ kalahaṁ prājño varjayenmūḍhasevitam ,
kīrtiṁ ca labhate loke na cānarthena yujyate.
28. nirartham kalaham prājñaḥ varjayet mūḍhasevitam
kīrtim ca labhate loke na ca anarthena yujyate
28. A wise person should avoid senseless quarrels, which are pursued by fools. (By doing so) he attains fame in the world and is not afflicted by misfortune.
प्रसादो निष्फलो यस्य क्रोधश्चापि निरर्थकः ।
न तं भर्तारमिच्छन्ति षण्ढं पतिमिव स्त्रियः ॥२९॥
29. prasādo niṣphalo yasya krodhaścāpi nirarthakaḥ ,
na taṁ bhartāramicchanti ṣaṇḍhaṁ patimiva striyaḥ.
29. prasādaḥ niṣphalaḥ yasya krodhaḥ ca api nirarthakaḥ
na tam bhartāram icchanti ṣaṇḍham patim iva striyaḥ
29. Women do not desire such a master whose favor yields no results and whose anger is pointless, just as they do not desire an impotent husband.
न बुद्धिर्धनलाभाय न जाड्यमसमृद्धये ।
लोकपर्यायवृत्तान्तं प्राज्ञो जानाति नेतरः ॥३०॥
30. na buddhirdhanalābhāya na jāḍyamasamṛddhaye ,
lokaparyāyavṛttāntaṁ prājño jānāti netaraḥ.
30. na buddhiḥ dhanalābhāya na jāḍyam asamṛddhaye
lokaparyāyavṛttāntam prājñaḥ jānāti na itaraḥ
30. It is not intelligence that necessarily leads to the acquisition of wealth, nor is it dullness that inevitably leads to a lack of prosperity. Only the discerning person understands the unfolding course of worldly events, not others.
विद्याशीलवयोवृद्धान्बुद्धिवृद्धांश्च भारत ।
धनाभिजनवृद्धांश्च नित्यं मूढोऽवमन्यते ॥३१॥
31. vidyāśīlavayovṛddhānbuddhivṛddhāṁśca bhārata ,
dhanābhijanavṛddhāṁśca nityaṁ mūḍho'vamanyate.
31. vidyāśīlavayovṛddhān buddhivṛddhān ca bhārata
dhana-abhijana-vṛddhān ca nityam mūḍhaḥ avamanyate
31. O Bhārata, a foolish person always disregards those who are venerable due to their knowledge, moral character, and age; those who are advanced in wisdom; and those who are distinguished by wealth and noble lineage.
अनार्यवृत्तमप्राज्ञमसूयकमधार्मिकम् ।
अनर्थाः क्षिप्रमायान्ति वाग्दुष्टं क्रोधनं तथा ॥३२॥
32. anāryavṛttamaprājñamasūyakamadhārmikam ,
anarthāḥ kṣipramāyānti vāgduṣṭaṁ krodhanaṁ tathā.
32. anāryavṛttam aprājñam asūyakam adhārmikam
anarthāḥ kṣipram āyānti vāgduṣṭam krodhanam tathā
32. Misfortunes quickly befall a person of ignoble conduct, who is unwise, envious, and unrighteous (adhārmika). Likewise, they also come upon one who is abusive in speech and prone to anger.
अविसंवादनं दानं समयस्याव्यतिक्रमः ।
आवर्तयन्ति भूतानि सम्यक्प्रणिहिता च वाक् ॥३३॥
33. avisaṁvādanaṁ dānaṁ samayasyāvyatikramaḥ ,
āvartayanti bhūtāni samyakpraṇihitā ca vāk.
33. avisaṃvādanam dānam samayasya avyatikramaḥ
āvartayanti bhūtāni samyakpraṇihitā ca vāk
33. Honesty, generosity (dāna), adherence to agreements, and properly directed speech bring all beings under one's influence.
अविसंवादको दक्षः कृतज्ञो मतिमानृजुः ।
अपि संक्षीणकोशोऽपि लभते परिवारणम् ॥३४॥
34. avisaṁvādako dakṣaḥ kṛtajño matimānṛjuḥ ,
api saṁkṣīṇakośo'pi labhate parivāraṇam.
34. avisaṃvādakaḥ dakṣaḥ kṛtajñaḥ matimān ṛjuḥ
api saṃkṣīṇakośaḥ api labhate parivāraṇam
34. A trustworthy, competent, grateful, intelligent, and straightforward person obtains support and a following, even if his treasury is completely depleted.
धृतिः शमो दमः शौचं कारुण्यं वागनिष्ठुरा ।
मित्राणां चानभिद्रोहः सप्तैताः समिधः श्रियः ॥३५॥
35. dhṛtiḥ śamo damaḥ śaucaṁ kāruṇyaṁ vāganiṣṭhurā ,
mitrāṇāṁ cānabhidrohaḥ saptaitāḥ samidhaḥ śriyaḥ.
35. dhṛtiḥ śamaḥ damaḥ śaucam kāruṇyam vāk aniṣṭhurā
mitrāṇām ca anabhidrohaḥ sapta etāḥ samidhaḥ śriyaḥ
35. Fortitude, mental tranquility (śama), self-restraint (dama), purity, compassion, gentle speech, and not betraying friends - these seven are the kindling for prosperity.
असंविभागी दुष्टात्मा कृतघ्नो निरपत्रपः ।
तादृङ्नराधमो लोके वर्जनीयो नराधिप ॥३६॥
36. asaṁvibhāgī duṣṭātmā kṛtaghno nirapatrapaḥ ,
tādṛṅnarādhamo loke varjanīyo narādhipa.
36. asaṃvibhāgī duṣṭātmā kṛtaghnaḥ nirapatrapaḥ
tādṛk narādhamaḥ loke varjanīyaḥ narādhipa
36. O King (narādhipa), such a despicable man (narādhama) in the world - who is unsharing, wicked in spirit (ātman), ungrateful, and shameless - should be avoided.
न स रात्रौ सुखं शेते ससर्प इव वेश्मनि ।
यः कोपयति निर्दोषं सदोषोऽभ्यन्तरं जनम् ॥३७॥
37. na sa rātrau sukhaṁ śete sasarpa iva veśmani ,
yaḥ kopayati nirdoṣaṁ sadoṣo'bhyantaraṁ janam.
37. na saḥ rātrau sukhaṃ śete sa-sarpaḥ iva veśmani
yaḥ kopayati nirdoṣam sa-doṣaḥ abhyaṃtaram janam
37. A person who, being himself at fault, provokes an innocent individual close to him, does not sleep peacefully at night, just like someone living in a house infested with snakes.
येषु दुष्टेषु दोषः स्याद्योगक्षेमस्य भारत ।
सदा प्रसादनं तेषां देवतानामिवाचरेत् ॥३८॥
38. yeṣu duṣṭeṣu doṣaḥ syādyogakṣemasya bhārata ,
sadā prasādanaṁ teṣāṁ devatānāmivācaret.
38. yeṣu duṣṭeṣu doṣaḥ syāt yoga-kṣemasya bhārata
sadā prasādanam teṣām devatānām iva ācaret
38. O Bhārata, one should always appease those wicked individuals who might bring harm to one's prosperity and security (yogakṣema), treating them with the same reverence as one would the gods.
येऽर्थाः स्त्रीषु समासक्ताः प्रथमोत्पतितेषु च ।
ये चानार्यसमासक्ताः सर्वे ते संशयं गताः ॥३९॥
39. ye'rthāḥ strīṣu samāsaktāḥ prathamotpatiteṣu ca ,
ye cānāryasamāsaktāḥ sarve te saṁśayaṁ gatāḥ.
39. ye arthāḥ strīṣu sam-āsaktāḥ prathama utpatiteṣu ca
ye ca an-ārya-sam-āsaktāḥ sarve te saṃśayam gatāḥ
39. Those possessions or aims that are associated with women (or sensual pleasures), and those that are newly acquired, as well as those attached to ignoble people - all of them are certainly lost.
यत्र स्त्री यत्र कितवो यत्र बालोऽनुशास्ति च ।
मज्जन्ति तेऽवशा देशा नद्यामश्मप्लवा इव ॥४०॥
40. yatra strī yatra kitavo yatra bālo'nuśāsti ca ,
majjanti te'vaśā deśā nadyāmaśmaplavā iva.
40. yatra strī yatra kitavaḥ yatra bālaḥ anu-śāsti ca
majjanti te avaśāḥ deśāḥ nadyām aśma-plavāḥ iva
40. Wherever a woman, a gambler, or a child holds authority, those regions helplessly perish, just like stone boats sinking in a river.
प्रयोजनेषु ये सक्ता न विशेषेषु भारत ।
तानहं पण्डितान्मन्ये विशेषा हि प्रसङ्गिनः ॥४१॥
41. prayojaneṣu ye saktā na viśeṣeṣu bhārata ,
tānahaṁ paṇḍitānmanye viśeṣā hi prasaṅginaḥ.
41. prayojaneṣu ye saktāḥ na viśeṣeṣu bhārata tān
aham paṇḍitān manye viśeṣāḥ hi prasaṅginaḥ
41. O Bhārata, I consider those wise who are focused on the primary objectives, not on the specific details, for specific details indeed lead to entanglement.
यं प्रशंसन्ति कितवा यं प्रशंसन्ति चारणाः ।
यं प्रशंसन्ति बन्धक्यो न स जीवति मानवः ॥४२॥
42. yaṁ praśaṁsanti kitavā yaṁ praśaṁsanti cāraṇāḥ ,
yaṁ praśaṁsanti bandhakyo na sa jīvati mānavaḥ.
42. yam praśaṃsanti kitavāḥ yam praśaṃsanti cāraṇāḥ
yam praśaṃsanti bandhakyaḥ na saḥ jīvati mānavaḥ
42. That man whom gamblers, bards, and harlots praise does not truly live.
हित्वा तान्परमेष्वासान्पाण्डवानमितौजसः ।
आहितं भारतैश्वर्यं त्वया दुर्योधने महत् ॥४३॥
43. hitvā tānparameṣvāsānpāṇḍavānamitaujasaḥ ,
āhitaṁ bhārataiśvaryaṁ tvayā duryodhane mahat.
43. hitvā tān parameṣvāsān pāṇḍavān amitaujasaḥ
āhitam bhārata aiśvaryam tvayā duryodhane mahat
43. O Bhārata, by abandoning those Pāṇḍavas, who are mighty archers of immeasurable prowess, you have conferred great sovereignty (aiśvarya) upon Duryodhana.
तं द्रक्ष्यसि परिभ्रष्टं तस्मात्त्वं नचिरादिव ।
ऐश्वर्यमदसंमूढं बलिं लोकत्रयादिव ॥४४॥
44. taṁ drakṣyasi paribhraṣṭaṁ tasmāttvaṁ nacirādiva ,
aiśvaryamadasaṁmūḍhaṁ baliṁ lokatrayādiva.
44. tam drakṣyasi paribhraṣṭam tasmāt tvam na cirāt
iva aiśvaryamadasaṃmūḍham balim lokatrayāt iva
44. You will soon see him fallen from that (sovereignty), just as Bali, deluded by the arrogance of power (aiśvarya), was cast out from the three worlds.