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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-1

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वैशंपायन उवाच ।
कृत्वा विवाहं तु कुरुप्रवीरास्तदाभिमन्योर्मुदितस्वपक्षाः ।
विश्रम्य चत्वार्युषसः प्रतीताः सभां विराटस्य ततोऽभिजग्मुः ॥१॥
1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
kṛtvā vivāhaṁ tu kurupravīrā;stadābhimanyormuditasvapakṣāḥ ,
viśramya catvāryuṣasaḥ pratītāḥ; sabhāṁ virāṭasya tato'bhijagmuḥ.
1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca | kṛtvā vivāham tu
kurupravīrāḥ tadā abhimanyoḥ muditasvapakṣāḥ
| viśramya catvāri uṣasaḥ pratītāḥ
sabhām virāṭasya tataḥ abhijagmuḥ
1. Vaishampayana said: Having celebrated Abhimanyu's wedding, the foremost heroes of the Kuru clan, with their own side delighted, rested for four days and then proceeded to King Virata's assembly hall.
सभा तु सा मत्स्यपतेः समृद्धा मणिप्रवेकोत्तमरत्नचित्रा ।
न्यस्तासना माल्यवती सुगन्धा तामभ्ययुस्ते नरराजवर्याः ॥२॥
2. sabhā tu sā matsyapateḥ samṛddhā; maṇipravekottamaratnacitrā ,
nyastāsanā mālyavatī sugandhā; tāmabhyayuste nararājavaryāḥ.
2. sabhā tu sā matsyapateḥ samṛddhā
maṇipravekottamaratnacitrā
| nyastāsanā mālyavatī sugandhā
tām abhyayuḥ te nararājavaryāḥ
2. That opulent assembly hall of the Matsya king, adorned with the finest gems and excellent jewels, furnished with seats, fragrant, and garlanded, was approached by those foremost among kings.
अथासनान्याविशतां पुरस्तादुभौ विराटद्रुपदौ नरेन्द्रौ ।
वृद्धश्च मान्यः पृथिवीपतीनां पितामहो रामजनार्दनाभ्याम् ॥३॥
3. athāsanānyāviśatāṁ purastā;dubhau virāṭadrupadau narendrau ,
vṛddhaśca mānyaḥ pṛthivīpatīnāṁ; pitāmaho rāmajanārdanābhyām.
3. atha āsanāni āviśatām purastāt
ubhau virāṭadrupadau narendrau
| vṛddhaḥ ca mānyaḥ pṛthivīpatīnām
pitāmahaḥ rāmajanārdanābhyām
3. Then, in front, King Virata and King Drupada, both rulers, occupied their seats. The revered elder, the grandfather of kings, also sat with Balarama and Janardana (Krishna).
पाञ्चालराजस्य समीपतस्तु शिनिप्रवीरः सहरौहिणेयः ।
मत्स्यस्य राज्ञस्तु सुसंनिकृष्टौ जनार्दनश्चैव युधिष्ठिरश्च ॥४॥
4. pāñcālarājasya samīpatastu; śinipravīraḥ saharauhiṇeyaḥ ,
matsyasya rājñastu susaṁnikṛṣṭau; janārdanaścaiva yudhiṣṭhiraśca.
4. pāñcālarājasya samīpataḥ tu
śinipravīraḥ saharohiṇeyaḥ | matsyasya
rājñaḥ tu susaṃnikṛṣṭau
janārdanaḥ ca eva yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ca
4. Near the Pañcāla king sat the foremost hero of the Śinis, along with Rohiṇeya (Balarama). Very close to the Matsya king sat Janardana (Krishna) and Yudhiṣṭhira.
सुताश्च सर्वे द्रुपदस्य राज्ञो भीमार्जुनौ माद्रवतीसुतौ च ।
प्रद्युम्नसाम्बौ च युधि प्रवीरौ विराटपुत्रश्च सहाभिमन्युः ॥५॥
5. sutāśca sarve drupadasya rājño; bhīmārjunau mādravatīsutau ca ,
pradyumnasāmbau ca yudhi pravīrau; virāṭaputraśca sahābhimanyuḥ.
5. sutāḥ ca sarve drupadasya rājñaḥ
bhīmārjunau mādrāvatīsutau ca
pradyumnasāmbau ca yudhi pravīrau
virāṭaputraḥ ca saha abhimanyuḥ
5. And all the sons of King Drupada, Bhīma and Arjuna, the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva), Pradyumna and Sāmba, who were valiant heroes in battle, and the son of Virāṭa (Uttara), along with Abhimanyu.
सर्वे च शूराः पितृभिः समाना वीर्येण रूपेण बलेन चैव ।
उपाविशन्द्रौपदेयाः कुमाराः सुवर्णचित्रेषु वरासनेषु ॥६॥
6. sarve ca śūrāḥ pitṛbhiḥ samānā; vīryeṇa rūpeṇa balena caiva ,
upāviśandraupadeyāḥ kumārāḥ; suvarṇacitreṣu varāsaneṣu.
6. sarve ca śūrāḥ pitṛbhiḥ samānāḥ vīryeṇa rūpeṇa balena ca
eva upāviśan draupadeyāḥ kumārāḥ suvarṇacitreṣu varāsaneṣu
6. And all those heroes, who were equal to their fathers in valor, form, and strength, the Droupadeya princes, sat down on splendid seats adorned with gold.
तथोपविष्टेषु महारथेषु विभ्राजमानाम्बरभूषणेषु ।
रराज सा राजवती समृद्धा ग्रहैरिव द्यौर्विमलैरुपेता ॥७॥
7. tathopaviṣṭeṣu mahāratheṣu; vibhrājamānāmbarabhūṣaṇeṣu ,
rarāja sā rājavatī samṛddhā; grahairiva dyaurvimalairupetā.
7. tathā upaviṣṭeṣu mahāratheṣu vibhrājamānāmbara-bhūṣaṇeṣu
rarāja sā rājavatī samṛddhā grahaiḥ iva dyauḥ vimalaiḥ upetā
7. And as those great warriors (mahārathas), adorned with shining garments and ornaments, sat down, that prosperous royal assembly shone brightly, just like the sky adorned with pure planets.
ततः कथास्ते समवाययुक्ताः कृत्वा विचित्राः पुरुषप्रवीराः ।
तस्थुर्मुहूर्तं परिचिन्तयन्तः कृष्णं नृपास्ते समुदीक्षमाणाः ॥८॥
8. tataḥ kathāste samavāyayuktāḥ; kṛtvā vicitrāḥ puruṣapravīrāḥ ,
tasthurmuhūrtaṁ paricintayantaḥ; kṛṣṇaṁ nṛpāste samudīkṣamāṇāḥ.
8. tataḥ kathāḥ te samavāyayuktāḥ
kṛtvā vicitrāḥ puruṣapravīrāḥ
tasthuḥ muhūrtaṃ paricintayantaḥ
kṛṣṇaṃ nṛpāḥ te samudīkṣamāṇāḥ
8. Then, those excellent men (puruṣapravīras), the kings, after engaging in various suitable conversations, stood for a moment, pondering, and looking intently at Kṛṣṇa.
कथान्तमासाद्य च माधवेन संघट्टिताः पाण्डवकार्यहेतोः ।
ते राजसिंहाः सहिता ह्यशृण्वन्वाक्यं महार्थं च महोदयं च ॥९॥
9. kathāntamāsādya ca mādhavena; saṁghaṭṭitāḥ pāṇḍavakāryahetoḥ ,
te rājasiṁhāḥ sahitā hyaśṛṇva;nvākyaṁ mahārthaṁ ca mahodayaṁ ca.
9. kathāntam āsādya ca mādhavena
saṃghaṭṭitāḥ pāṇḍavakāryahetoḥ te
rājasiṃhāḥ sahitāḥ hi aśṛṇvan
vākyam mahārtham ca mahodayam ca
9. Having reached the conclusion of the discussions, and being assembled by Kṛṣṇa (Mādhava) for the sake of the Pāṇḍavas' cause, those lion-like kings, gathered together, indeed listened to words that were profoundly meaningful and promised great prosperity.
कृष्ण उवाच ।
सर्वैर्भवद्भिर्विदितं यथायं युधिष्ठिरः सौबलेनाक्षवत्याम् ।
जितो निकृत्यापहृतं च राज्यं पुनः प्रवासे समयः कृतश्च ॥१०॥
10. kṛṣṇa uvāca ,
sarvairbhavadbhirviditaṁ yathāyaṁ; yudhiṣṭhiraḥ saubalenākṣavatyām ,
jito nikṛtyāpahṛtaṁ ca rājyaṁ; punaḥ pravāse samayaḥ kṛtaśca.
10. kṛṣṇaḥ uvāca sarvaiḥ bhavadbhiḥ viditam
yathā ayam yudhiṣṭhiraḥ saubalena
akṣavatyām jitaḥ nikṛtyā apahṛtam ca
rājyam punaḥ pravāse samayaḥ kṛtaḥ ca
10. Kṛṣṇa said: "It is known by all of you how Yudhiṣṭhira was defeated by the son of Subala (Śakuni) through deception in the game of dice, and his kingdom was seized. Furthermore, a condition (samaya) was established for their exile (pravāsa)."
शक्तैर्विजेतुं तरसा महीं च सत्ये स्थितैस्तच्चरितं यथावत् ।
पाण्डोः सुतैस्तद्व्रतमुग्ररूपं वर्षाणि षट्सप्त च भारताग्र्यैः ॥११॥
11. śaktairvijetuṁ tarasā mahīṁ ca; satye sthitaistaccaritaṁ yathāvat ,
pāṇḍoḥ sutaistadvratamugrarūpaṁ; varṣāṇi ṣaṭsapta ca bhāratāgryaiḥ.
11. śaktaiḥ vijetum tarasā mahīm ca
satye sthitaiḥ tat caritam yathāvat
pāṇḍoḥ sutaiḥ tat vratam ugrarūpam
varṣāṇi ṣaṭsapta ca bhāratāgryaiḥ
11. By those powerful enough to conquer the earth by force, and by those firm in truth, their conduct (carita) was indeed appropriate. The sons of Pāṇḍu, who are foremost among the Bhāratas, observed that severe vow (vrata) for thirteen years.
त्रयोदशश्चैव सुदुस्तरोऽयमज्ञायमानैर्भवतां समीपे ।
क्लेशानसह्यांश्च तितिक्षमाणैर्यथोषितं तद्विदितं च सर्वम् ॥१२॥
12. trayodaśaścaiva sudustaro'ya;majñāyamānairbhavatāṁ samīpe ,
kleśānasahyāṁśca titikṣamāṇai;ryathoṣitaṁ tadviditaṁ ca sarvam.
12. trayodaśaḥ ca eva su-dustaraḥ ayam
ajñāyamānaiḥ bhavatām samīpe
kleśān asahyān ca titikṣamāṇaiḥ
yathā uṣitam tat viditam ca sarvam
12. And this thirteenth year, which was very difficult to endure, was passed by them remaining unknown (incognito) in your presence, tolerating unbearable hardships. All of that, how they lived, is well-known.
एवं गते धर्मसुतस्य राज्ञो दुर्योधनस्यापि च यद्धितं स्यात् ।
तच्चिन्तयध्वं कुरुपाण्डवानां धर्म्यं च युक्तं च यशस्करं च ॥१३॥
13. evaṁ gate dharmasutasya rājño; duryodhanasyāpi ca yaddhitaṁ syāt ,
taccintayadhvaṁ kurupāṇḍavānāṁ; dharmyaṁ ca yuktaṁ ca yaśaskaraṁ ca.
13. evam gate dharmasutasya rājñaḥ
duryodhanasya api ca yat hitam syāt
tat cintayadhvam kurupāṇḍavānām
dharmyam ca yuktam ca yaśaskaram ca
13. Given this situation, you should consider what would be beneficial for both King Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Dharma (dharma), and Duryodhana – something that is righteous (dharma), appropriate, and brings fame to both the Kurus and Pāṇḍavas.
अधर्मयुक्तं च न कामयेत राज्यं सुराणामपि धर्मराजः ।
धर्मार्थयुक्तं च महीपतित्वं ग्रामेऽपि कस्मिंश्चिदयं बुभूषेत् ॥१४॥
14. adharmayuktaṁ ca na kāmayeta; rājyaṁ surāṇāmapi dharmarājaḥ ,
dharmārthayuktaṁ ca mahīpatitvaṁ; grāme'pi kasmiṁścidayaṁ bubhūṣet.
14. adharmayuktam ca na kāmayeta rājyam
surāṇām api dharmarājaḥ |
dharmārthayuktam ca mahīpatitvam
grāme api kasmin cit ayam bubhūṣet
14. King Yudhiṣṭhira (dharmarāja) would not desire even the kingdom of the gods if it were connected with unrighteousness. Instead, he would wish to be king (mahipatitva) even of a small village, provided it is aligned with righteousness (dharma) and a proper purpose.
पित्र्यं हि राज्यं विदितं नृपाणां यथापकृष्टं धृतराष्ट्रपुत्रैः ।
मिथ्योपचारेण तथाप्यनेन कृच्छ्रं महत्प्राप्तमसह्यरूपम् ॥१५॥
15. pitryaṁ hi rājyaṁ viditaṁ nṛpāṇāṁ; yathāpakṛṣṭaṁ dhṛtarāṣṭraputraiḥ ,
mithyopacāreṇa tathāpyanena; kṛcchraṁ mahatprāptamasahyarūpam.
15. pitryam hi rājyam viditam nṛpāṇām
yathā apakṛṣṭam dhṛtarāṣṭraputraiḥ
| mithyopacāreṇa tathā api anena
kṛcchram mahat prāptam asahyarūpam
15. Indeed, it is known to kings how the ancestral kingdom was usurped by Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons through deceitful dealings. Yet, through this very act, a great and unbearable hardship was experienced.
न चापि पार्थो विजितो रणे तैः स्वतेजसा धृतराष्ट्रस्य पुत्रैः ।
तथापि राजा सहितः सुहृद्भिरभीप्सतेऽनामयमेव तेषाम् ॥१६॥
16. na cāpi pārtho vijito raṇe taiḥ; svatejasā dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putraiḥ ,
tathāpi rājā sahitaḥ suhṛdbhi;rabhīpsate'nāmayameva teṣām.
16. na ca api pārthaḥ vijitaḥ raṇe taiḥ
svatejasā dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putraiḥ
| tathā api rājā sahitaḥ suhṛdbhiḥ
abhīpsate anāmayam eva teṣām
16. Nor was Arjuna (pārtha) conquered in battle by the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra through their own prowess. Yet, despite this, the King (Yudhiṣṭhira), accompanied by his friends, desires only their well-being.
यत्तत्स्वयं पाण्डुसुतैर्विजित्य समाहृतं भूमिपतीन्निपीड्य ।
तत्प्रार्थयन्ते पुरुषप्रवीराः कुन्तीसुता माद्रवतीसुतौ च ॥१७॥
17. yattatsvayaṁ pāṇḍusutairvijitya; samāhṛtaṁ bhūmipatīnnipīḍya ,
tatprārthayante puruṣapravīrāḥ; kuntīsutā mādravatīsutau ca.
17. yat tat svayam pāṇḍusutaiḥ vijitya
samāhṛtam bhūmipatīn nipīḍya
tat prārthayante puruṣapravīrāḥ
kuntīsutāḥ mādrāvatīsutau ca
17. These foremost among men, the sons of Kunti and the two sons of Mādrāvatī, now request that very land which the sons of Pāṇḍu themselves acquired by conquering and subduing the kings.
बालास्त्विमे तैर्विविधैरुपायैः संप्रार्थिता हन्तुममित्रसाहाः ।
राज्यं जिहीर्षद्भिरसद्भिरुग्रैः सर्वं च तद्वो विदितं यथावत् ॥१८॥
18. bālāstvime tairvividhairupāyaiḥ; saṁprārthitā hantumamitrasāhāḥ ,
rājyaṁ jihīrṣadbhirasadbhirugraiḥ; sarvaṁ ca tadvo viditaṁ yathāvat.
18. bālāḥ tu ime taiḥ vividhaiḥ upāyaiḥ
samprārthitāḥ hantum amitrasāhāḥ
rājyam jihīrṣadbhiḥ asadbhiḥ ugraiḥ
sarvam ca tat vaḥ viditam yathāvat
18. These young ones were importuned by those wicked, fierce individuals who sought to seize the kingdom, using various stratagems to kill (their) allies. All of this is properly known to you.
तेषां च लोभं प्रसमीक्ष्य वृद्धं धर्मात्मतां चापि युधिष्ठिरस्य ।
संबन्धितां चापि समीक्ष्य तेषां मतिं कुरुध्वं सहिताः पृथक्च ॥१९॥
19. teṣāṁ ca lobhaṁ prasamīkṣya vṛddhaṁ; dharmātmatāṁ cāpi yudhiṣṭhirasya ,
saṁbandhitāṁ cāpi samīkṣya teṣāṁ; matiṁ kurudhvaṁ sahitāḥ pṛthakca.
19. teṣām ca lobham prasamīkṣya vṛddham
dharmātmatām ca api yudhiṣṭhirasya
sambandhitām ca api samīkṣya
teṣām matim kurudhvam sahitāḥ pṛthak ca
19. Therefore, considering their growing avarice and Yudhiṣṭhira's adherence to his intrinsic nature (dharma), and also taking into account their family relationship, you should collectively and individually make a decision.
इमे च सत्येऽभिरताः सदैव तं पारयित्वा समयं यथावत् ।
अतोऽन्यथा तैरुपचर्यमाणा हन्युः समेतान्धृतराष्ट्रपुत्रान् ॥२०॥
20. ime ca satye'bhiratāḥ sadaiva; taṁ pārayitvā samayaṁ yathāvat ,
ato'nyathā tairupacaryamāṇā; hanyuḥ sametāndhṛtarāṣṭraputrān.
20. ime ca satye abhiratāḥ sadaiva
tam pārayitvā samayam yathāvat
ataḥ anyathā taiḥ upacaryamāṇāḥ
hanyuḥ sametān dhṛtarāṣṭraputrān
20. Furthermore, these (Pāṇḍavas) are always devoted to truth and have properly fulfilled that agreement. If they are treated unjustly (otherwise) by those (Kauravas), then, united, they would surely kill the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra.
तैर्विप्रकारं च निशम्य राज्ञः सुहृज्जनास्तान्परिवारयेयुः ।
युद्धेन बाधेयुरिमांस्तथैव तैर्वध्यमाना युधि तांश्च हन्युः ॥२१॥
21. tairviprakāraṁ ca niśamya rājñaḥ; suhṛjjanāstānparivārayeyuḥ ,
yuddhena bādheyurimāṁstathaiva; tairvadhyamānā yudhi tāṁśca hanyuḥ.
21. taiḥ viprakāram ca niśamya rājñaḥ
suhṛjjanaḥ tān parivārayeyuḥ
yuddhena bādheyuḥ imān tathā eva taiḥ
vadhyamānāḥ yudhi tān ca hanyuḥ
21. Upon hearing of the insult (viprakāra) inflicted by them upon the king, his friends should surround those enemies. They should harass these enemies through war, and likewise, if they themselves are being slain in battle by those opponents, they should also kill them.
तथापि नेमेऽल्पतया समर्थास्तेषां जयायेति भवेन्मतं वः ।
समेत्य सर्वे सहिताः सुहृद्भिस्तेषां विनाशाय यतेयुरेव ॥२२॥
22. tathāpi neme'lpatayā samarthā;steṣāṁ jayāyeti bhavenmataṁ vaḥ ,
sametya sarve sahitāḥ suhṛdbhi;steṣāṁ vināśāya yateyureva.
22. tathā api na ime alpatayā samarthāḥ
teṣām jayāya iti bhavet matam
vaḥ sametya sarve sahitāḥ
suhṛdbhiḥ teṣām vināśāya yateyuḥ eva
22. Even so, these (friends of the king) may not be strong enough, due to their small numbers, to achieve victory over those enemies - this might be your opinion. In that case, all of them, uniting with their friends, should certainly strive for the destruction of those enemies.
दुर्योधनस्यापि मतं यथावन्न ज्ञायते किं नु करिष्यतीति ।
अज्ञायमाने च मते परस्य किं स्यात्समारभ्यतमं मतं वः ॥२३॥
23. duryodhanasyāpi mataṁ yathāva;nna jñāyate kiṁ nu kariṣyatīti ,
ajñāyamāne ca mate parasya; kiṁ syātsamārabhyatamaṁ mataṁ vaḥ.
23. duryodhanasya api matam yathāvat
na jñāyate kim nu kariṣyati
iti ajñāyamāne ca mate parasya
kim syāt samārabyatamam matam vaḥ
23. Duryodhana's intention (mata) is also not properly known - what will he do? And when the other's intention (mata) is unknown, what, in your opinion, would be the most suitable course of action (mata)?
तस्मादितो गच्छतु धर्मशीलः शुचिः कुलीनः पुरुषोऽप्रमत्तः ।
दूतः समर्थः प्रशमाय तेषां राज्यार्धदानाय युधिष्ठिरस्य ॥२४॥
24. tasmādito gacchatu dharmaśīlaḥ; śuciḥ kulīnaḥ puruṣo'pramattaḥ ,
dūtaḥ samarthaḥ praśamāya teṣāṁ; rājyārdhadānāya yudhiṣṭhirasya.
24. tasmāt itaḥ gacchatu dharmaśīlaḥ
śuciḥ kulīnaḥ puruṣaḥ apramattaḥ
dūtaḥ samarthaḥ praśamāya teṣām
rājyārdhadānāya yudhiṣṭhirasya
24. Therefore, let a man of virtuous (dharma-śīla) character, who is pure, noble, and vigilant, go from here. He should be a messenger capable of appeasing those enemies and of offering half the kingdom to Yudhiṣṭhira.
निशम्य वाक्यं तु जनार्दनस्य धर्मार्थयुक्तं मधुरं समं च ।
समाददे वाक्यमथाग्रजोऽस्य संपूज्य वाक्यं तदतीव राजन् ॥२५॥
25. niśamya vākyaṁ tu janārdanasya; dharmārthayuktaṁ madhuraṁ samaṁ ca ,
samādade vākyamathāgrajo'sya; saṁpūjya vākyaṁ tadatīva rājan.
25. niśamya vākyaṃ tu janārdanasya
dharmārthayuktaṃ madhuraṃ samaṃ ca
samādade vākyam atha agrajaḥ
asya saṃpūjya vākyaṃ tat atīva rājan
25. O King, after hearing Janardana's speech, which was righteous (dharma), purposeful, sweet, and balanced, his elder brother greatly honored that speech and then accepted it.