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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-117

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
इमे वै मानवा लोके भृशं मांसस्य गृद्धिनः ।
विसृज्य भक्षान्विविधान्यथा रक्षोगणास्तथा ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ime vai mānavā loke bhṛśaṁ māṁsasya gṛddhinaḥ ,
visṛjya bhakṣānvividhānyathā rakṣogaṇāstathā.
1. Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ime vai mānavāḥ loke bhṛśam māṁsasya
gṛddhinaḥ visṛjya bhakṣān vividhān yathā rakṣogaṇāḥ tathā
1. Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ime mānavāḥ loke vai bhṛśam māṁsasya
gṛddhinaḥ vividhān bhakṣān visṛjya yathā rakṣogaṇāḥ tathā
1. Yudhishthira said: 'Indeed, these human beings in the world are excessively greedy for meat, abandoning various other foods, just like hordes of Rākṣasas.'
नापूपान्विविधाकाराञ्शाकानि विविधानि च ।
षाडवान्रसयोगांश्च तथेच्छन्ति यथामिषम् ॥२॥
2. nāpūpānvividhākārāñśākāni vividhāni ca ,
ṣāḍavānrasayogāṁśca tathecchanti yathāmiṣam.
2. na apūpān vividhākārān śākāni vividhāni ca
ṣāḍavān rasayogān ca tathā icchanti yathā āmiṣam
2. vividhākārān apūpān ca vividhāni śākāni ca
ṣāḍavān rasayogān tathā na icchanti yathā āmiṣam
2. They do not desire cakes of various forms, nor various vegetables, nor dishes prepared with six tastes (ṣaḍrasa) and other flavorful preparations, in the same way that they desire meat.
तत्र मे बुद्धिरत्रैव विसर्गे परिमुह्यते ।
न मन्ये रसतः किंचिन्मांसतोऽस्तीह किंचन ॥३॥
3. tatra me buddhiratraiva visarge parimuhyate ,
na manye rasataḥ kiṁcinmāṁsato'stīha kiṁcana.
3. tatra me buddhiḥ atra eva visarge parimuhyate na
manye rasataḥ kiñcit māṃsataḥ asti iha kiñcana
3. atra eva visarge me buddhiḥ tatra parimuhyate.
(aham) rasataḥ kiñcit na manye,
iha māṃsataḥ kiñcana asti (iti api na manye).
3. Regarding this matter, my intellect becomes utterly bewildered. I do not consider anything significant about taste, nor do I believe anything worthwhile exists here concerning meat.
तदिच्छामि गुणाञ्श्रोतुं मांसस्याभक्षणेऽपि वा ।
भक्षणे चैव ये दोषास्तांश्चैव पुरुषर्षभ ॥४॥
4. tadicchāmi guṇāñśrotuṁ māṁsasyābhakṣaṇe'pi vā ,
bhakṣaṇe caiva ye doṣāstāṁścaiva puruṣarṣabha.
4. tat icchāmi guṇān śrotum māṃsasya abhakṣaṇe api vā
bhakṣaṇe ca eva ye doṣāḥ tān ca eva puruṣarṣabha
4. he puruṣarṣabha,
tat (aham) māṃsasya abhakṣaṇe api vā (vartamānān) guṇān śrotum icchāmi,
ca eva bhakṣaṇe ye doṣāḥ,
tān ca eva (śrotum icchāmi).
4. Therefore, I wish to hear the virtues of not eating meat, or even of eating it, and also, O best of men, the faults that arise from eating it.
सर्वं तत्त्वेन धर्मज्ञ यथावदिह धर्मतः ।
किं वा भक्ष्यमभक्ष्यं वा सर्वमेतद्वदस्व मे ॥५॥
5. sarvaṁ tattvena dharmajña yathāvadiha dharmataḥ ,
kiṁ vā bhakṣyamabhakṣyaṁ vā sarvametadvadasva me.
5. sarvam tattvena dharmajña yathāvat iha dharmataḥ
kim vā bhakṣyam abhakṣyam vā sarvam etat vadasva me
5. he dharmajña,
iha sarvam tattvena yathāvat dharmataḥ (me) vadasva.
kim vā bhakṣyam,
kim vā abhakṣyam,
etat sarvam (me) vadasva.
5. O knower of natural law (dharma), explain everything to me truthfully and properly here, according to natural law (dharma). What is edible and what is inedible – tell me all of this.
भीष्म उवाच ।
एवमेतन्महाबाहो यथा वदसि भारत ।
न मांसात्परमत्रान्यद्रसतो विद्यते भुवि ॥६॥
6. bhīṣma uvāca ,
evametanmahābāho yathā vadasi bhārata ,
na māṁsātparamatrānyadrasato vidyate bhuvi.
6. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca evam etat mahābāho yathā vadasi bhārata
na māṃsāt param atra anyat rasataḥ vidyate bhuvi
6. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca: he mahābāho,
he bhārata,
yat tvam vadasi,
etat evam.
bhuvi māṃsāt param,
rasataḥ anyat (vastu) na atra vidyate.
6. Bhīṣma said: 'O mighty-armed one, O descendant of Bharata, what you say is indeed true. On earth, there is nothing else superior to meat in terms of taste.'
क्षतक्षीणाभितप्तानां ग्राम्यधर्मरताश्च ये ।
अध्वना कर्शितानां च न मांसाद्विद्यते परम् ॥७॥
7. kṣatakṣīṇābhitaptānāṁ grāmyadharmaratāśca ye ,
adhvanā karśitānāṁ ca na māṁsādvidyate param.
7. kṣatakṣīṇābhitaptānām grāmyadharmaratāḥ ca ye
adhvanā karśitānām ca na māṃsāt vidyate param
7. ye kṣatakṣīṇābhitaptānām ca grāmyadharmaratāḥ ca adhvanā karśitānām,
tānām māṃsāt param na vidyate
7. For those who are injured, emaciated, or afflicted, and for those engrossed in worldly pleasures, and for those weakened by travel, nothing superior to meat exists.
सद्यो वर्धयति प्राणान्पुष्टिमग्र्यां ददाति च ।
न भक्षोऽभ्यधिकः कश्चिन्मांसादस्ति परंतप ॥८॥
8. sadyo vardhayati prāṇānpuṣṭimagryāṁ dadāti ca ,
na bhakṣo'bhyadhikaḥ kaścinmāṁsādasti paraṁtapa.
8. sadyas vardhayati prāṇān puṣṭim agryām dadāti ca na
bhakṣaḥ abhyadhikaḥ kaścit māṃsāt asti paraṃtapa
8. he paraṃtapa,
sadyas prāṇān vardhayati ca agryām puṣṭim dadāti.
māṃsāt abhyadhikaḥ kaścit bhakṣaḥ na asti.
8. (Meat) immediately increases vitality (prāṇa) and grants excellent nourishment. O tormentor of foes, no food superior to meat exists.
विवर्जने तु बहवो गुणाः कौरवनन्दन ।
ये भवन्ति मनुष्याणां तान्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥९॥
9. vivarjane tu bahavo guṇāḥ kauravanandana ,
ye bhavanti manuṣyāṇāṁ tānme nigadataḥ śṛṇu.
9. vivarjane tu bahavaḥ guṇāḥ kauravanandana ye
bhavanti manuṣyāṇām tān me nigadataḥ śṛṇu
9. he kauravanandana,
tu vivarjane ye bahavaḥ guṇāḥ manuṣyāṇām bhavanti,
tān nigadataḥ me śṛṇu.
9. But, O son of Kuru, listen to me as I speak of the many benefits that accrue to humans from abstaining (from meat).
स्वमांसं परमांसैर्यो विवर्धयितुमिच्छति ।
नास्ति क्षुद्रतरस्तस्मान्न नृशंसतरो नरः ॥१०॥
10. svamāṁsaṁ paramāṁsairyo vivardhayitumicchati ,
nāsti kṣudratarastasmānna nṛśaṁsataro naraḥ.
10. svamāṃsam paramāṃsaiḥ yaḥ vivardhayitum icchati
na asti kṣudrataraḥ tasmāt na nṛśaṃsataraḥ naraḥ
10. yaḥ svamāṃsam paramāṃsaiḥ vivardhayitum icchati,
tasmāt kṣudrataraḥ na asti,
na ca nṛśaṃsataraḥ naraḥ (asti).
10. The person who desires to increase their own flesh with the flesh of others - there is no one more contemptible than that person, nor any human more cruel.
न हि प्राणात्प्रियतरं लोके किंचन विद्यते ।
तस्माद्दयां नरः कुर्याद्यथात्मनि तथा परे ॥११॥
11. na hi prāṇātpriyataraṁ loke kiṁcana vidyate ,
tasmāddayāṁ naraḥ kuryādyathātmani tathā pare.
11. na hi prāṇāt priyataraṃ loke kiñcana vidyate
tasmāt dayām naraḥ kuryāt yathā ātmani tathā pare
11. loke prāṇāt priyataraṃ kiñcana na hi vidyate
tasmāt naraḥ yathā ātmani tathā pare dayām kuryāt
11. Indeed, nothing dearer than life (prāṇa) exists in the world. Therefore, a person should show compassion (dayā) towards others, just as they would towards their own self (ātman).
शुक्राच्च तात संभूतिर्मांसस्येह न संशयः ।
भक्षणे तु महान्दोषो वधेन सह कल्पते ॥१२॥
12. śukrācca tāta saṁbhūtirmāṁsasyeha na saṁśayaḥ ,
bhakṣaṇe tu mahāndoṣo vadhena saha kalpate.
12. śukrāt ca tāta saṃbhūtiḥ māṃsasya iha na saṃśayaḥ
bhakṣaṇe tu mahān doṣaḥ vadhena saha kalpate
12. tāta iha māṃsasya saṃbhūtiḥ śukrāt ca na saṃśayaḥ
tu bhakṣaṇe mahān doṣaḥ vadhena saha kalpate
12. Dear one, there is no doubt that the origin of flesh in this world is from vital fluid. But in consuming it, there is a great moral transgression, which is considered equivalent to the act of killing.
अहिंसालक्षणो धर्म इति वेदविदो विदुः ।
यदहिंस्रं भवेत्कर्म तत्कुर्यादात्मवान्नरः ॥१३॥
13. ahiṁsālakṣaṇo dharma iti vedavido viduḥ ,
yadahiṁsraṁ bhavetkarma tatkuryādātmavānnaraḥ.
13. ahiṃsālakṣaṇaḥ dharmaḥ iti vedavidaḥ viduḥ yat
ahiṃsram bhavet karma tat kuryāt ātmavān naraḥ
13. vedavidaḥ dharmaḥ ahiṃsālakṣaṇaḥ iti viduḥ
ātmavān naraḥ yat karma ahiṃsram bhavet tat kuryāt
13. Those who know the Vedas understand that the natural law (dharma) is characterized by non-violence (ahiṃsā). A self-possessed person should perform any action (karma) that is non-injurious.
पितृदैवतयज्ञेषु प्रोक्षितं हविरुच्यते ।
विधिना वेददृष्टेन तद्भुक्त्वेह न दुष्यति ॥१४॥
14. pitṛdaivatayajñeṣu prokṣitaṁ havirucyate ,
vidhinā vedadṛṣṭena tadbhuktveha na duṣyati.
14. pitṛdaivatayajñeṣu prokṣitam haviḥ ucyate
vidhinā vedadṛṣṭena tat bhuktvā iha na duṣyati
14. pitṛdaivatayajñeṣu prokṣitam haviḥ vedadṛṣṭena
vidhinā ucyate tat bhuktvā iha na duṣyati
14. The offering (havis) that is consecrated in Vedic rituals (yajña) for ancestors and deities is declared to be so by the prescribed method ordained in the Vedas. Having consumed that here, one does not incur sin.
यज्ञार्थे पशवः सृष्टा इत्यपि श्रूयते श्रुतिः ।
अतोऽन्यथा प्रवृत्तानां राक्षसो विधिरुच्यते ॥१५॥
15. yajñārthe paśavaḥ sṛṣṭā ityapi śrūyate śrutiḥ ,
ato'nyathā pravṛttānāṁ rākṣaso vidhirucyate.
15. yajñārthe paśavaḥ sṛṣṭāḥ iti api śrūyate śrutiḥ
ataḥ anyathā pravṛttānām rākṣasaḥ vidhiḥ ucyate
15. śrutiḥ api śrūyate iti yat paśavaḥ yajñārthe sṛṣṭāḥ
ataḥ anyathā pravṛttānām vidhiḥ rākṣasaḥ ucyate
15. It is also heard in the Vedic texts that animals were created for the purpose of a Vedic ritual (yajña). Therefore, the practice of those who act contrary to this is called demonic.
क्षत्रियाणां तु यो दृष्टो विधिस्तमपि मे शृणु ।
वीर्येणोपार्जितं मांसं यथा खादन्न दुष्यति ॥१६॥
16. kṣatriyāṇāṁ tu yo dṛṣṭo vidhistamapi me śṛṇu ,
vīryeṇopārjitaṁ māṁsaṁ yathā khādanna duṣyati.
16. kṣatriyāṇām tu yaḥ dṛṣṭaḥ vidhiḥ tam api me śṛṇu
vīryeṇa upārjitam māṃsam yathā khādan na duṣyati
16. tu me kṣatriyāṇām yaḥ dṛṣṭaḥ vidhiḥ tam api śṛṇu
yathā vīryeṇa upārjitam māṃsam khādan na duṣyati
16. Now, also hear from me the rule prescribed for kṣatriyas: just as one does not incur sin by eating meat acquired through one's own prowess.
आरण्याः सर्वदैवत्याः प्रोक्षिताः सर्वशो मृगाः ।
अगस्त्येन पुरा राजन्मृगया येन पूज्यते ॥१७॥
17. āraṇyāḥ sarvadaivatyāḥ prokṣitāḥ sarvaśo mṛgāḥ ,
agastyena purā rājanmṛgayā yena pūjyate.
17. āraṇyāḥ sarvadaivatyāḥ prokṣitāḥ sarvaśaḥ
mṛgāḥ agastyena purā rājan mṛgayā yena pūjyate
17. rājan,
purā agastyena sarvaśaḥ āraṇyāḥ mṛgāḥ sarvadaivatyāḥ prokṣitāḥ,
yena mṛgayā pūjyate
17. O King, in ancient times, all forest animals were consecrated to all deities by Agastya, by which act hunting (mṛgayā) is esteemed.
नात्मानमपरित्यज्य मृगया नाम विद्यते ।
समतामुपसंगम्य रूपं हन्यान्न वा नृप ॥१८॥
18. nātmānamaparityajya mṛgayā nāma vidyate ,
samatāmupasaṁgamya rūpaṁ hanyānna vā nṛpa.
18. na ātmānam aparityajya mṛgayā nāma vidyate
samatām upasaṅgamya rūpam hanyāt na vā nṛpa
18. nṛpa,
ātmānam aparityajya mṛgayā nāma na vidyate samatām upasaṅgamya rūpam hanyāt vā na
18. Indeed, hunting cannot be undertaken without abandoning one's true self (ātman). O King, having attained a state of equanimity, one may or may not strike down the physical form.
अतो राजर्षयः सर्वे मृगयां यान्ति भारत ।
लिप्यन्ते न हि दोषेण न चैतत्पातकं विदुः ॥१९॥
19. ato rājarṣayaḥ sarve mṛgayāṁ yānti bhārata ,
lipyante na hi doṣeṇa na caitatpātakaṁ viduḥ.
19. ataḥ rājarṣayaḥ sarve mṛgayām yānti bhārata
na hi doṣeṇa na ca etat pātakam viduḥ
19. bhārata,
ataḥ sarve rājarṣayaḥ mṛgayām yānti hi doṣeṇa na lipyante ca etat pātakam na viduḥ
19. Therefore, all royal sages engage in hunting, O Bhārata. Indeed, they are not tainted by any fault, nor do they consider this an transgression.
न हि तत्परमं किंचिदिह लोके परत्र च ।
यत्सर्वेष्विह लोकेषु दया कौरवनन्दन ॥२०॥
20. na hi tatparamaṁ kiṁcidiha loke paratra ca ,
yatsarveṣviha lokeṣu dayā kauravanandana.
20. na hi tat paramam kiñcit iha loke paratra ca
yat sarveṣu iha lokeṣu dayā kauravanandana
20. kauravanandana,
hi iha loke ca paratra kiñcit paramam na,
yat dayā sarveṣu iha lokeṣu
20. O delight of the Kurus, truly there is nothing supreme, neither in this world nor in the next, that surpasses compassion in all these worlds.
न भयं विद्यते जातु नरस्येह दयावतः ।
दयावतामिमे लोकाः परे चापि तपस्विनाम् ॥२१॥
21. na bhayaṁ vidyate jātu narasyeha dayāvataḥ ,
dayāvatāmime lokāḥ pare cāpi tapasvinām.
21. na bhayam vidyate jātu narasya iha dayāvataḥ
dayāvatām ime lokāḥ pare ca api tapasvinām
21. iha dayāvataḥ narasya jātu bhayam na vidyate
ime lokāḥ ca pare api dayāvatām tapasvinām
21. No fear ever exists for a compassionate person in this world. These worlds, as well as those in the hereafter, belong to the compassionate and also to the ascetics (tapasvin).
अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यो यो ददाति दयापरः ।
अभयं तस्य भूतानि ददतीत्यनुशुश्रुमः ॥२२॥
22. abhayaṁ sarvabhūtebhyo yo dadāti dayāparaḥ ,
abhayaṁ tasya bhūtāni dadatītyanuśuśrumaḥ.
22. abhayam sarvabhūtebhyaḥ yaḥ dadāti dayāparaḥ
abhayam tasya bhūtāni dadati iti anuśuśrumaḥ
22. yaḥ dayāparaḥ sarvabhūtebhyaḥ abhayam dadāti,
tasya bhūtāni abhayam dadati iti anuśuśrumaḥ
22. We have heard that whoever, being profoundly compassionate, grants fearlessness to all beings, to him in turn do all beings grant fearlessness.
क्षतं च स्खलितं चैव पतितं क्लिष्टमाहतम् ।
सर्वभूतानि रक्षन्ति समेषु विषमेषु च ॥२३॥
23. kṣataṁ ca skhalitaṁ caiva patitaṁ kliṣṭamāhatam ,
sarvabhūtāni rakṣanti sameṣu viṣameṣu ca.
23. kṣatam ca skhalitam ca eva patitam kliṣṭam
āhatam sarvabhūtāni rakṣanti sameṣu viṣameṣu ca
23. sarvabhūtāni sameṣu viṣameṣu ca kṣatam ca
skhalitam ca eva patitam kliṣṭam āhatam rakṣanti
23. All beings protect (those who are) injured, stumbled, fallen, distressed, or struck, both in favorable and difficult circumstances.
नैनं व्यालमृगा घ्नन्ति न पिशाचा न राक्षसाः ।
मुच्यन्ते भयकालेषु मोक्षयन्ति च ये परान् ॥२४॥
24. nainaṁ vyālamṛgā ghnanti na piśācā na rākṣasāḥ ,
mucyante bhayakāleṣu mokṣayanti ca ye parān.
24. na enam vyālamṛgāḥ ghnanti na piśācāḥ na rākṣasāḥ
mucyante bhayakāleṣu mokṣayanti ca ye parān
24. vyālamṛgāḥ na piśācāḥ na rākṣasāḥ enam na ghnanti
ca ye parān mokṣayanti bhayakāleṣu mucyante
24. Neither wild beasts, nor goblins (piśācāḥ), nor ogres (rākṣasāḥ) kill him; and those who liberate others are themselves freed in times of fear.
प्राणदानात्परं दानं न भूतं न भविष्यति ।
न ह्यात्मनः प्रियतरः कश्चिदस्तीति निश्चितम् ॥२५॥
25. prāṇadānātparaṁ dānaṁ na bhūtaṁ na bhaviṣyati ,
na hyātmanaḥ priyataraḥ kaścidastīti niścitam.
25. prāṇadānāt param dānam na bhūtam na bhaviṣyati na
hi ātmanaḥ priyataraḥ kaścit asti iti niścitam
25. prāṇadānāt param dānam na bhūtam na bhaviṣyati;
hi ātmanaḥ priyataraḥ kaścit na asti iti niścitam
25. There has never been, nor will there ever be, a greater gift (dāna) than the giving of life. For it is certain that nothing is dearer than one's own self (ātman).
अनिष्टं सर्वभूतानां मरणं नाम भारत ।
मृत्युकाले हि भूतानां सद्यो जायति वेपथुः ॥२६॥
26. aniṣṭaṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ maraṇaṁ nāma bhārata ,
mṛtyukāle hi bhūtānāṁ sadyo jāyati vepathuḥ.
26. aniṣṭam sarvabhūtānām maraṇam nāma bhārata
mṛtyukāle hi bhūtānām sadyaḥ jāyati vepathuḥ
26. bhārata,
maraṇam nāma sarvabhūtānām aniṣṭam hi mṛtyukāle bhūtānām sadyaḥ vepathuḥ jāyati
26. O Bhārata, death is indeed undesirable for all beings. For, at the moment of death, trembling immediately arises in all creatures.
जातिजन्मजरादुःखे नित्यं संसारसागरे ।
जन्तवः परिवर्तन्ते मरणादुद्विजन्ति च ॥२७॥
27. jātijanmajarāduḥkhe nityaṁ saṁsārasāgare ,
jantavaḥ parivartante maraṇādudvijanti ca.
27. jātijanmajarāduḥkhe nityam saṃsārasāgare
jantavaḥ parivartante maraṇāt udvijanti ca
27. jantavaḥ jātijanmajarāduḥkhe nityam
saṃsārasāgare parivartante ca maraṇāt udvijanti
27. Living beings constantly revolve in the ocean of transmigration (saṃsāra), marked by the suffering of birth and old age, and they also recoil from death.
गर्भवासेषु पच्यन्ते क्षाराम्लकटुकै रसैः ।
मूत्रश्लेष्मपुरीषाणां स्पर्शैश्च भृशदारुणैः ॥२८॥
28. garbhavāseṣu pacyante kṣārāmlakaṭukai rasaiḥ ,
mūtraśleṣmapurīṣāṇāṁ sparśaiśca bhṛśadāruṇaiḥ.
28. garbhavāseṣu pacyante kṣārāmlakaṭukaiḥ rasaiḥ
mūtraśleṣmapurīṣāṇām sparśaiḥ ca bhṛśadāruṇaiḥ
28. garbhavāseṣu (jantavaḥ) kṣārāmlakaṭukaiḥ rasaiḥ
mūtraśleṣmapurīṣāṇām bhṛśadāruṇaiḥ sparśaiḥ ca pacyante
28. In their dwelling in the womb, they are tormented by alkaline, sour, and pungent fluids, and by the exceedingly dreadful contacts of urine, phlegm, and feces.
जाताश्चाप्यवशास्तत्र भिद्यमानाः पुनः पुनः ।
पाट्यमानाश्च दृश्यन्ते विवशा मांसगृद्धिनः ॥२९॥
29. jātāścāpyavaśāstatra bhidyamānāḥ punaḥ punaḥ ,
pāṭyamānāśca dṛśyante vivaśā māṁsagṛddhinaḥ.
29. jātāḥ ca api avaśāḥ tatra bhidyamānāḥ punaḥ punaḥ
pāṭyamānāḥ ca dṛśyante vivaśāḥ māṃsagṛddhinaḥ
29. (jantavaḥ) jātāḥ ca api avaśāḥ tatra punaḥ punaḥ
bhidyamānāḥ ca pāṭyamānāḥ vivaśāḥ māṃsagṛddhinaḥ dṛśyante
29. And having been born, they are seen there, helpless, being repeatedly pierced and cut by those greedy for flesh.
कुम्भीपाके च पच्यन्ते तां तां योनिमुपागताः ।
आक्रम्य मार्यमाणाश्च भ्राम्यन्ते वै पुनः पुनः ॥३०॥
30. kumbhīpāke ca pacyante tāṁ tāṁ yonimupāgatāḥ ,
ākramya māryamāṇāśca bhrāmyante vai punaḥ punaḥ.
30. kumbhīpāke ca pacyante tām tām yonim upāgatāḥ
ākramya māryamāṇāḥ ca bhrāmyante vai punaḥ punaḥ
30. (jantavaḥ) ca tām tām yonim upāgatāḥ kumbhīpāke pacyante
(te) ākramya māryamāṇāḥ ca punaḥ punaḥ vai bhrāmyante
30. And having attained various forms of existence (yoni), they are tormented in the hell of Kumbhīpāka. Attacked and being killed, they are indeed made to wander again and again.
नात्मनोऽस्ति प्रियतरः पृथिव्यामनुसृत्य ह ।
तस्मात्प्राणिषु सर्वेषु दयावानात्मवान्भवेत् ॥३१॥
31. nātmano'sti priyataraḥ pṛthivyāmanusṛtya ha ,
tasmātprāṇiṣu sarveṣu dayāvānātmavānbhavet.
31. na ātmanaḥ asti priyataraḥ pṛthivyām anusṛtya ha
| tasmāt prāṇiṣu sarveṣu dayāvān ātmavān bhavet
31. Indeed, considering the matter, nothing on earth is dearer than one's own self (ātman). Therefore, one should be compassionate towards all beings and self-possessed.
सर्वमांसानि यो राजन्यावज्जीवं न भक्षयेत् ।
स्वर्गे स विपुलं स्थानं प्राप्नुयान्नात्र संशयः ॥३२॥
32. sarvamāṁsāni yo rājanyāvajjīvaṁ na bhakṣayet ,
svarge sa vipulaṁ sthānaṁ prāpnuyānnātra saṁśayaḥ.
32. sarvamāṃsāni yaḥ rājan yāvat jīvam na bhakṣayet |
svarge sa vipulam sthānam prāpnuyāt na atra saṃśayaḥ
32. O king, whoever does not consume any meat throughout their life attains a vast abode in heaven; there is no doubt about this.
ये भक्षयन्ति मांसानि भूतानां जीवितैषिणाम् ।
भक्ष्यन्ते तेऽपि तैर्भूतैरिति मे नास्ति संशयः ॥३३॥
33. ye bhakṣayanti māṁsāni bhūtānāṁ jīvitaiṣiṇām ,
bhakṣyante te'pi tairbhūtairiti me nāsti saṁśayaḥ.
33. ye bhakṣayanti māṃsāni bhūtānām jīvitaiṣiṇām |
bhakṣyante te api taiḥ bhūtaiḥ iti me na asti saṃśayaḥ
33. Those who consume the flesh of beings desiring to live will also be consumed by those very beings; I have no doubt about this.
मां स भक्षयते यस्माद्भक्षयिष्ये तमप्यहम् ।
एतन्मांसस्य मांसत्वमतो बुध्यस्व भारत ॥३४॥
34. māṁ sa bhakṣayate yasmādbhakṣayiṣye tamapyaham ,
etanmāṁsasya māṁsatvamato budhyasva bhārata.
34. mām sa bhakṣayate yasmāt bhakṣayiṣye tam api aham
| etat māṃsasya māṃsatvam ataḥ budhyasva bhārata
34. Because he eats me, I will also eat him. Therefore, O Bhārata, understand this to be the very nature of flesh (māṃsa) itself.
घातको वध्यते नित्यं तथा वध्येत बन्धकः ।
आक्रोष्टाक्रुश्यते राजन्द्वेष्टा द्वेष्यत्वमाप्नुते ॥३५॥
35. ghātako vadhyate nityaṁ tathā vadhyeta bandhakaḥ ,
ākroṣṭākruśyate rājandveṣṭā dveṣyatvamāpnute.
35. ghātakaḥ vadhyate nityam tathā vadhyeta bandhakaḥ
ākroṣṭā ākruśyate rājan dveṣṭā dveṣyatvam āpnute
35. rājan ghātakaḥ nityam vadhyate tathā bandhakaḥ
vadhyeta ākroṣṭā ākruśyate dveṣṭā dveṣyatvam āpnute
35. A killer is always slain; similarly, a captor should be slain. O king, an abuser is abused, and a hater attains the state of being hated.
येन येन शरीरेण यद्यत्कर्म करोति यः ।
तेन तेन शरीरेण तत्तत्फलमुपाश्नुते ॥३६॥
36. yena yena śarīreṇa yadyatkarma karoti yaḥ ,
tena tena śarīreṇa tattatphalamupāśnute.
36. yena yena śarīreṇa yat yat karma karoti yaḥ
tena tena śarīreṇa tat tat phalam upāśnute
36. yaḥ yena yena śarīreṇa yat yat karma karoti
tena tena śarīreṇa tat tat phalam upāśnute
36. Whatever action a person performs through a particular body, he experiences that very result (phalam) through that very same body.
अहिंसा परमो धर्मस्तथाहिंसा परो दमः ।
अहिंसा परमं दानमहिंसा परमं तपः ॥३७॥
37. ahiṁsā paramo dharmastathāhiṁsā paro damaḥ ,
ahiṁsā paramaṁ dānamahiṁsā paramaṁ tapaḥ.
37. ahiṃsā paramaḥ dharmaḥ tathā ahiṃsā paraḥ
damaḥ ahiṃsā paramam dānam ahiṃsā paramam tapaḥ
37. ahiṃsā paramaḥ dharmaḥ tathā ahiṃsā paraḥ
damaḥ ahiṃsā paramam dānam ahiṃsā paramam tapaḥ
37. Non-violence (ahiṃsā) is the highest intrinsic nature (dharma); similarly, non-violence is the supreme self-control. Non-violence is the highest act of giving (dāna), and non-violence is the supreme austerity (tapas).
अहिंसा परमो यज्ञस्तथाहिंसा परं बलम् ।
अहिंसा परमं मित्रमहिंसा परमं सुखम् ।
अहिंसा परमं सत्यमहिंसा परमं श्रुतम् ॥३८॥
38. ahiṁsā paramo yajñastathāhiṁsā paraṁ balam ,
ahiṁsā paramaṁ mitramahiṁsā paramaṁ sukham ,
ahiṁsā paramaṁ satyamahiṁsā paramaṁ śrutam.
38. ahiṃsā paramaḥ yajñaḥ tathā ahiṃsā
paramam balam ahiṃsā paramam mitram
ahiṃsā paramam sukham ahiṃsā
paramam satyam ahiṃsā paramam śrutam
38. ahiṃsā paramaḥ yajñaḥ tathā ahiṃsā
paramam balam ahiṃsā paramam mitram
ahiṃsā paramam sukham ahiṃsā
paramam satyam ahiṃsā paramam śrutam
38. Non-violence (ahiṃsā) is the supreme Vedic ritual (yajña); similarly, non-violence is supreme strength. Non-violence is the highest friend, non-violence is supreme happiness, non-violence is the ultimate truth, and non-violence is the highest sacred knowledge.
सर्वयज्ञेषु वा दानं सर्वतीर्थेषु चाप्लुतम् ।
सर्वदानफलं वापि नैतत्तुल्यमहिंसया ॥३९॥
39. sarvayajñeṣu vā dānaṁ sarvatīrtheṣu cāplutam ,
sarvadānaphalaṁ vāpi naitattulyamahiṁsayā.
39. sarvayajñeṣu vā dānam sarvatīrtheṣu ca āplutam
sarvadānaphalam vā api na etat tulyam ahiṃsayā
39. sarvayajñeṣu dānam vā sarvatīrtheṣu ca āplutam
vā api sarvadānaphalam etat ahiṃsayā na tulyam
39. The merit from giving gifts in all (Vedic rituals) [yajñas], or from bathing in all holy places, or even the fruit of all acts of charity (dāna) – none of this is comparable to non-harming (ahiṃsā).
अहिंस्रस्य तपोऽक्षय्यमहिंस्रो यजते सदा ।
अहिंस्रः सर्वभूतानां यथा माता यथा पिता ॥४०॥
40. ahiṁsrasya tapo'kṣayyamahiṁsro yajate sadā ,
ahiṁsraḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ yathā mātā yathā pitā.
40. ahiṃsrasya tapaḥ akṣayyam ahiṃsraḥ yajate sadā
ahiṃsraḥ sarvabhūtānām yathā mātā yathā pitā
40. ahiṃsrasya tapaḥ akṣayyam ahiṃsraḥ sadā yajate
ahiṃsraḥ sarvabhūtānām yathā mātā yathā pitā
40. The austerity (tapas) of a non-harming person is inexhaustible. A non-harming person always performs (Vedic rituals) [yajñas]. A non-harming person is like a mother and a father to all beings.
एतत्फलमहिंसाया भूयश्च कुरुपुंगव ।
न हि शक्या गुणा वक्तुमिह वर्षशतैरपि ॥४१॥
41. etatphalamahiṁsāyā bhūyaśca kurupuṁgava ,
na hi śakyā guṇā vaktumiha varṣaśatairapi.
41. etat phalam ahiṃsāyāḥ bhūyaḥ ca kurupuṅgava
na hi śakyāḥ guṇāḥ vaktum iha varṣaśataiḥ api
41. kurupuṅgava etat ahiṃsāyāḥ phalam ca bhūyaḥ
hi iha varṣaśataiḥ api guṇāḥ vaktum na śakyāḥ
41. O best among the Kurus, this is the fruit of non-harming (ahiṃsā), and there is even more. Indeed, its qualities cannot be fully described here, not even in hundreds of years.