Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-68

Use the following checkboxes to set the display options for this chapter (You can also control the display of each verse separately):
what would you like to see in each verse:
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
भूय एव कुरुश्रेष्ठ दानानां विधिमुत्तमम् ।
कथयस्व महाप्राज्ञ भूमिदानं विशेषतः ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
bhūya eva kuruśreṣṭha dānānāṁ vidhimuttamam ,
kathayasva mahāprājña bhūmidānaṁ viśeṣataḥ.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bhūyaḥ eva kuruśreṣṭha dānānām vidhim
uttamam kathayasva mahāprājña bhūmidānam viśeṣataḥ
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca he kuruśreṣṭha,
he mahāprājña,
bhūyaḥ eva dānānām uttamam vidhim,
viśeṣataḥ bhūmidānam,
kathayasva
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O best among the Kurus, O highly wise one, please tell me again the excellent procedure for making donations (dāna), especially regarding the gift of land."
पृथिवीं क्षत्रियो दद्याद्ब्राह्मणस्तां स्वकर्मणा ।
विधिवत्प्रतिगृह्णीयान्न त्वन्यो दातुमर्हति ॥२॥
2. pṛthivīṁ kṣatriyo dadyādbrāhmaṇastāṁ svakarmaṇā ,
vidhivatpratigṛhṇīyānna tvanyo dātumarhati.
2. pṛthivīm kṣatriyaḥ dadyāt brāhmaṇaḥ tām svakarmaṇā
vidhivat pratigṛhṇīyāt na tu anyaḥ dātum arhati
2. kṣatriyaḥ pṛthivīm dadyāt brāhmaṇaḥ tām svakarmaṇā
vidhivat pratigṛhṇīyāt tu anyaḥ dātum na arhati
2. A kṣatriya should give land. A brāhmaṇa should accept it according to the prescribed rules, in accordance with his own vocation (karma). However, no other person is authorized to make such a gift.
सर्ववर्णैस्तु यच्छक्यं प्रदातुं फलकाङ्क्षिभिः ।
वेदे वा यत्समाम्नातं तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥३॥
3. sarvavarṇaistu yacchakyaṁ pradātuṁ phalakāṅkṣibhiḥ ,
vede vā yatsamāmnātaṁ tanme vyākhyātumarhasi.
3. sarvavarṇaiḥ tu yat śakyam pradātum phalakāṅkṣibhiḥ
vede vā yat samāmnātam tat me vyākhyātum arhasi
3. tu me tat vyākhyātum arhasi yat sarvavarṇaiḥ
phalakāṅkṣibhiḥ pradātum śakyam vā yat vede samāmnātam
3. But you should explain to me what all social classes (varṇas) who desire results may give, or what is traditionally enjoined in the Veda.
भीष्म उवाच ।
तुल्यनामानि देयानि त्रीणि तुल्यफलानि च ।
सर्वकामफलानीह गावः पृथ्वी सरस्वती ॥४॥
4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tulyanāmāni deyāni trīṇi tulyaphalāni ca ,
sarvakāmaphalānīha gāvaḥ pṛthvī sarasvatī.
4. bhīṣma uvāca | tulyanāmāni deyāni trīṇi tulyaphalāni
ca | sarvakāmaphalāni iha gāvaḥ pṛthvī sarasvatī
4. Bhishma said: In this world, cows, the earth, and Sarasvati are three gifts of equal renown, yielding equal results, and indeed fulfilling all desires.
यो ब्रूयाच्चापि शिष्याय धर्म्यां ब्राह्मीं सरस्वतीम् ।
पृथिवीगोप्रदानाभ्यां स तुल्यं फलमश्नुते ॥५॥
5. yo brūyāccāpi śiṣyāya dharmyāṁ brāhmīṁ sarasvatīm ,
pṛthivīgopradānābhyāṁ sa tulyaṁ phalamaśnute.
5. yaḥ brūyāt ca api śiṣyāya dharmyām brāhmīm sarasvatīm
| pṛthivīgopradānābhyām saḥ tulyam phalam aśnute
5. Whoever teaches a disciple sacred knowledge (Sarasvatī) that conforms to natural law (dharma) and is divine, he obtains a result equal to that from giving away land and cows.
तथैव गाः प्रशंसन्ति न च देयं ततः परम् ।
संनिकृष्टफलास्ता हि लघ्वर्थाश्च युधिष्ठिर ।
मातरः सर्वभूतानां गावः सर्वसुखप्रदाः ॥६॥
6. tathaiva gāḥ praśaṁsanti na ca deyaṁ tataḥ param ,
saṁnikṛṣṭaphalāstā hi laghvarthāśca yudhiṣṭhira ,
mātaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ gāvaḥ sarvasukhapradāḥ.
6. tathā eva gāḥ praśaṃsanti na ca deyam
tataḥ param | saṃnikṛṣṭaphalāḥ tāḥ hi
laghvarthāḥ ca yudhiṣṭhira | mātaraḥ
sarvabhūtānām gāvaḥ sarvasukhapradāḥ
6. Similarly, cows are praised, and there is no gift superior to them. Indeed, O Yudhishthira, their results are immediate, and they are easily [obtained]. Cows are the mothers of all beings and givers of all happiness.
वृद्धिमाकाङ्क्षता नित्यं गावः कार्याः प्रदक्षिणाः ।
मङ्गलायतनं देव्यस्तस्मात्पूज्याः सदैव हि ॥७॥
7. vṛddhimākāṅkṣatā nityaṁ gāvaḥ kāryāḥ pradakṣiṇāḥ ,
maṅgalāyatanaṁ devyastasmātpūjyāḥ sadaiva hi.
7. vṛddhim ākāṅkṣatā nityam gāvaḥ kāryāḥ pradakṣiṇāḥ
| maṅgalāyatanam devyaḥ tasmāt pūjyāḥ sadā eva hi
7. One who desires constant prosperity should always circumambulate cows. They are goddesses, abodes of auspiciousness; therefore, they should indeed always be worshipped.
प्रचोदनं देवकृतं गवां कर्मसु वर्तताम् ।
पूर्वमेवाक्षरं नान्यदभिधेयं कथंचन ॥८॥
8. pracodanaṁ devakṛtaṁ gavāṁ karmasu vartatām ,
pūrvamevākṣaraṁ nānyadabhidheyaṁ kathaṁcana.
8. pracodanam devakṛtam gavām karmasu vartatām
pūrvam eva akṣaram na anyat abhidheyam kathañcana
8. May the divine inspiration for the activities of cows constantly endure. Only the primal, imperishable (akṣara) principle should be declared, and nothing else by any means whatsoever.
प्रचारे वा निपाने वा बुधो नोद्वेजयेत गाः ।
तृषिता ह्यभिवीक्षन्त्यो नरं हन्युः सबान्धवम् ॥९॥
9. pracāre vā nipāne vā budho nodvejayeta gāḥ ,
tṛṣitā hyabhivīkṣantyo naraṁ hanyuḥ sabāndhavam.
9. pracāre vā nipāne vā budhaḥ na udvejayet gāḥ
tṛṣitā hi abhivīkṣantyaḥ naram hanyuḥ sabāndhavam
9. A discerning person should not disturb cows, whether they are grazing or at a watering place. For thirsty cows, if they look upon a man, would indeed kill that person along with his kinsmen.
पितृसद्मानि सततं देवतायतनानि च ।
पूयन्ते शकृता यासां पूतं किमधिकं ततः ॥१०॥
10. pitṛsadmāni satataṁ devatāyatanāni ca ,
pūyante śakṛtā yāsāṁ pūtaṁ kimadhikaṁ tataḥ.
10. pitṛsadmāni satatam devatāyatanāni ca
pūyante śakṛtā yāsām pūtam kim adhikam tataḥ
10. Ancestral homes and temples of deities are constantly purified by their dung. What could be purer or greater than that?
ग्रासमुष्टिं परगवे दद्यात्संवत्सरं तु यः ।
अकृत्वा स्वयमाहारं व्रतं तत्सार्वकामिकम् ॥११॥
11. grāsamuṣṭiṁ paragave dadyātsaṁvatsaraṁ tu yaḥ ,
akṛtvā svayamāhāraṁ vrataṁ tatsārvakāmikam.
11. grāsamuṣṭim paragave dadyāt saṃvatsaram tu yaḥ
akṛtvā svayam āhāram vratam tat sārvakāmikam
11. Whoever gives a handful of grass to another's cow for a full year, without first partaking of food himself, that vow (vrata) is truly wish-fulfilling.
स हि पुत्रान्यशोर्थं च श्रियं चाप्यधिगच्छति ।
नाशयत्यशुभं चैव दुःस्वप्नं च व्यपोहति ॥१२॥
12. sa hi putrānyaśorthaṁ ca śriyaṁ cāpyadhigacchati ,
nāśayatyaśubhaṁ caiva duḥsvapnaṁ ca vyapohati.
12. saḥ hi putrān yaśaḥ-artham ca śriyam ca api adhigacchati
nāśayati aśubham ca eva duḥsvapnam ca vyapohati
12. saḥ hi putrān yaśaḥ-artham ca śriyam ca api adhigacchati
aśubham ca eva duḥsvapnam ca vyapohati nāśayati
12. Indeed, he obtains sons, renown, and prosperity. He also destroys all inauspiciousness and dispels bad dreams.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
देयाः किंलक्षणा गावः काश्चापि परिवर्जयेत् ।
कीदृशाय प्रदातव्या न देयाः कीदृशाय च ॥१३॥
13. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
deyāḥ kiṁlakṣaṇā gāvaḥ kāścāpi parivarjayet ,
kīdṛśāya pradātavyā na deyāḥ kīdṛśāya ca.
13. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca deyāḥ kim-lakṣaṇāḥ gāvaḥ kāḥ ca api
parivarjayet kīdṛśāya pradātavyāḥ na deyāḥ kīdṛśāya ca
13. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca deyāḥ gāvaḥ kim-lakṣaṇāḥ kāḥ ca api
parivarjayet kīdṛśāya pradātavyāḥ ca kīdṛśāya na deyāḥ
13. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "What are the characteristics of cows that should be given, and which ones should one avoid? To whom should they be given, and to whom should they not be given?"
भीष्म उवाच ।
असद्वृत्ताय पापाय लुब्धायानृतवादिने ।
हव्यकव्यव्यपेताय न देया गौः कथंचन ॥१४॥
14. bhīṣma uvāca ,
asadvṛttāya pāpāya lubdhāyānṛtavādine ,
havyakavyavyapetāya na deyā gauḥ kathaṁcana.
14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca asat-vṛttāya pāpāya lubdhāya anṛta-vādine
havya-kavya-vyapetāya na deyā gauḥ kathaṃcana
14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca gauḥ asat-vṛttāya pāpāya lubdhāya
anṛta-vādine havya-kavya-vyapetāya ca kathaṃcana na deyā
14. Bhīṣma said: "A cow should never be given to someone of bad conduct, to a sinner, to a greedy person, to a liar, or to one who neglects the prescribed Vedic rituals (yagña) for gods and ancestors."
भिक्षवे बहुपुत्राय श्रोत्रियायाहिताग्नये ।
दत्त्वा दशगवां दाता लोकानाप्नोत्यनुत्तमान् ॥१५॥
15. bhikṣave bahuputrāya śrotriyāyāhitāgnaye ,
dattvā daśagavāṁ dātā lokānāpnotyanuttamān.
15. bhikṣave bahu-putrāya śrotriyāya āhita-agnaye
dattvā daśa-gavām dātā lokān āpnoti anuttamān
15. dattvā daśa-gavām bhikṣave bahu-putrāya śrotriyāya
āhita-agnaye dātā anuttamān lokān āpnoti
15. Having given ten cows to a mendicant, to a person with many sons, to a Brahmin learned in the Vedas (śrotriya), or to one who has established the sacred fire (āhitāgni), the donor (dātā) attains unsurpassed realms.
यं चैव धर्मं कुरुते तस्य पुण्यफलं च यत् ।
सर्वस्यैवांशभाग्दाता तन्निमित्तं प्रवृत्तयः ॥१६॥
16. yaṁ caiva dharmaṁ kurute tasya puṇyaphalaṁ ca yat ,
sarvasyaivāṁśabhāgdātā tannimittaṁ pravṛttayaḥ.
16. yam ca eva dharmam kurute tasya puṇyaphalam ca yat
sarvasya eva aṃśabhāk dātā tat nimittam pravṛttayaḥ
16. yam ca eva dharmam kurute,
yat ca tasya puṇyaphalam,
(saḥ) sarvasya eva aṃśabhāk dātā (bhavati).
tat nimittam pravṛttayaḥ (bhavanti).
16. Whatever righteous action (dharma) one performs, and whatever meritorious fruit (puṇyaphalam) results from it, the giver (dātā) becomes a sharer (aṃśabhāk) in all of it. For that very reason, such activities (pravṛttayaḥ) are undertaken.
यश्चैनमुत्पादयति यश्चैनं त्रायते भयात् ।
यश्चास्य कुरुते वृत्तिं सर्वे ते पितरस्त्रयः ॥१७॥
17. yaścainamutpādayati yaścainaṁ trāyate bhayāt ,
yaścāsya kurute vṛttiṁ sarve te pitarastrayaḥ.
17. yaḥ ca enam utpādayati yaḥ ca enam trāyate bhayāt
yaḥ ca asya kurute vṛttim sarve te pitaraḥ trayaḥ
17. yaḥ ca enam utpādayati,
yaḥ ca enam bhayāt trāyate,
yaḥ ca asya vṛttim kurute,
te trayaḥ sarve pitaraḥ.
17. And whoever brings him forth, and whoever protects him from fear, and whoever provides for his livelihood – these three are all his fathers.
कल्मषं गुरुशुश्रूषा हन्ति मानो महद्यशः ।
अपुत्रतां त्रयः पुत्रा अवृत्तिं दश धेनवः ॥१८॥
18. kalmaṣaṁ guruśuśrūṣā hanti māno mahadyaśaḥ ,
aputratāṁ trayaḥ putrā avṛttiṁ daśa dhenavaḥ.
18. kalmaṣam guruśuśrūṣā hanti mānaḥ mahat yaśaḥ
aputratām trayaḥ putrāḥ avṛttim daśa dhenavaḥ
18. guruśuśrūṣā kalmaṣam hanti.
mahat yaśaḥ mānam (hanti).
trayaḥ putrāḥ aputratām (hanti).
daśa dhenavaḥ avṛttim (hanti).
18. Service to one's teacher destroys sin. Great fame destroys pride. Three sons destroy childlessness. Ten cows destroy poverty.
वेदान्तनिष्ठस्य बहुश्रुतस्य प्रज्ञानतृप्तस्य जितेन्द्रियस्य ।
शिष्टस्य दान्तस्य यतस्य चैव भूतेषु नित्यं प्रियवादिनश्च ॥१९॥
19. vedāntaniṣṭhasya bahuśrutasya; prajñānatṛptasya jitendriyasya ,
śiṣṭasya dāntasya yatasya caiva; bhūteṣu nityaṁ priyavādinaśca.
19. vedāntaniṣṭhasya bahuśrutasya
prajñānatṛptasya jitendriyasya
śiṣṭasya dāntasya yatasya ca eva
bhūteṣu nityam priyavādinaḥ ca
19. vedāntaniṣṭhasya,
bahuśrutasya,
prajñānatṛptasya,
jitendriyasya,
śiṣṭasya,
dāntasya,
yatasya ca eva,
nityam bhūteṣu priyavādinaḥ ca.
19. Of one who is firmly established in Vedānta (vedānta), highly learned, satisfied by spiritual wisdom (prajñāna), who has conquered their senses; and who is disciplined, self-controlled, restrained, and always speaks kindly to all beings.
यः क्षुद्भयाद्वै न विकर्म कुर्यान्मृदुर्दान्तश्चातिथेयश्च नित्यम् ।
वृत्तिं विप्रायातिसृजेत तस्मै यस्तुल्यशीलश्च सपुत्रदारः ॥२०॥
20. yaḥ kṣudbhayādvai na vikarma kuryā;nmṛdurdāntaścātitheyaśca nityam ,
vṛttiṁ viprāyātisṛjeta tasmai; yastulyaśīlaśca saputradāraḥ.
20. yaḥ kṣudbhayāt vai na vikarma kuryāt
mṛduḥ dāntaḥ ca ātitheyaḥ ca
nityam vṛttim viprāya atisṛjeta
tasmai yaḥ tulyasīlaḥ ca saputradāraḥ
20. yaḥ kṣudbhayāt vai vikarma na kuryāt
mṛduḥ ca dāntaḥ ca nityam
ātitheyaḥ yaḥ tulyasīlaḥ ca saputradāraḥ
tasmai viprāya vṛttim atisṛjeta
20. One who would never commit a forbidden act (vikarma) out of fear of hunger, who is gentle, self-controlled, and always hospitable, should offer a means of livelihood to a brahmin of similar character who has a wife and children.
शुभे पात्रे ये गुणा गोप्रदाने तावान्दोषो ब्राह्मणस्वापहारे ।
सर्वावस्थं ब्राह्मणस्वापहारो दाराश्चैषां दूरतो वर्जनीयाः ॥२१॥
21. śubhe pātre ye guṇā gopradāne; tāvāndoṣo brāhmaṇasvāpahāre ,
sarvāvasthaṁ brāhmaṇasvāpahāro; dārāścaiṣāṁ dūrato varjanīyāḥ.
21. śubhe pātre ye guṇāḥ gopradāne
tāvān doṣaḥ brāhmaṇasvāpahāre
sarvāvastham brāhmaṇasvāpahāraḥ
dārāḥ ca eṣām dūrataḥ varjanīyāḥ
21. śubhe pātre gopradāne ye guṇāḥ
brāhmaṇasvāpahāre tāvān doṣaḥ
brāhmaṇasvāpahāraḥ sarvāvastham
eṣām dārāḥ ca dūrataḥ varjanīyāḥ
21. Whatever merits are accrued by donating a cow to a worthy recipient, an equal fault (doṣa) is incurred by confiscating a brahmin's property. Confiscation of a brahmin's property is wrong in all circumstances. Moreover, their wives must be strictly avoided.