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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-37

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विदुर उवाच ।
सप्तदशेमान्राजेन्द्र मनुः स्वायंभुवोऽब्रवीत् ।
वैचित्रवीर्य पुरुषानाकाशं मुष्टिभिर्घ्नतः ॥१॥
1. vidura uvāca ,
saptadaśemānrājendra manuḥ svāyaṁbhuvo'bravīt ,
vaicitravīrya puruṣānākāśaṁ muṣṭibhirghnataḥ.
1. vidura uvāca saptadaśa imān rājendra manuḥ svāyaṃbhuvaḥ
abravīt vaicitravīrya puruṣān ākāśam muṣṭibhiḥ ghnataḥ
1. Vidura said, "O King of kings (rājendra), O son of Vichitravīrya, Svayambhuva Manu described these seventeen types of people as acting like those who strike the sky with their fists."
तानेवेन्द्रस्य हि धनुरनाम्यं नमतोऽब्रवीत् ।
अथो मरीचिनः पादाननाम्यान्नमतस्तथा ॥२॥
2. tānevendrasya hi dhanuranāmyaṁ namato'bravīt ,
atho marīcinaḥ pādānanāmyānnamatastathā.
2. tān eva indrasya hi dhanuḥ anāmyam namataḥ
abravīt atho marīcinaḥ pādān anāmyān namataḥ tathā
2. He (Svayambhuva Manu) declared those very same persons to be like those who bow before Indra's unbending bow, and similarly, like those who bow before the unyielding feet of Marīci.
यश्चाशिष्यं शासति यश्च कुप्यते यश्चातिवेलं भजते द्विषन्तम् ।
स्त्रियश्च योऽरक्षति भद्रमस्तु ते यश्चायाच्यं याचति यश्च कत्थते ॥३॥
3. yaścāśiṣyaṁ śāsati yaśca kupyate; yaścātivelaṁ bhajate dviṣantam ,
striyaśca yo'rakṣati bhadramastu te; yaścāyācyaṁ yācati yaśca katthate.
3. yaḥ ca aśiṣyam śāsati yaḥ ca kupyate
yaḥ ca ativelam bhajate dviṣantam
striyaḥ ca yaḥ arakṣati bhadram astu te
yaḥ ca ayācyam yācati yaḥ ca katthate
3. And he who teaches what ought not to be taught; and he who becomes angry (without proper cause); and he who excessively serves an enemy; and he who does not protect women - may good fortune be with you (O Dhṛtarāṣṭra) - and he who begs for what should not be begged; and he who boasts.
यश्चाभिजातः प्रकरोत्यकार्यं यश्चाबलो बलिना नित्यवैरी ।
अश्रद्दधानाय च यो ब्रवीति यश्चाकाम्यं कामयते नरेन्द्र ॥४॥
4. yaścābhijātaḥ prakarotyakāryaṁ; yaścābalo balinā nityavairī ,
aśraddadhānāya ca yo bravīti; yaścākāmyaṁ kāmayate narendra.
4. yaḥ ca abhijātaḥ prakaroti akāryam
yaḥ ca abalaḥ balinā nityavairī
aśraddadhānāya ca yaḥ bravīti
yaḥ ca akāmyam kāmayate narendra
4. And he who, though of noble birth, commits an improper act; and he who, though weak, is perpetually hostile towards a strong person; and he who speaks to a faithless person (śraddhā); and he who desires what should not be desired, O King (narendra).
वध्वा हासं श्वशुरो यश्च मन्यते वध्वा वसन्नुत यो मानकामः ।
परक्षेत्रे निर्वपति यश्च बीजं स्त्रियं च यः परिवदतेऽतिवेलम् ॥५॥
5. vadhvā hāsaṁ śvaśuro yaśca manyate; vadhvā vasannuta yo mānakāmaḥ ,
parakṣetre nirvapati yaśca bījaṁ; striyaṁ ca yaḥ parivadate'tivelam.
5. vadhvā hāsam śvaśuraḥ yaḥ ca manyate
vadhvā vasan uta yaḥ mānakāmaḥ
parakṣetre nirvapati yaḥ ca bījam
striyam ca yaḥ parivadate ativelam
5. And whoever, as a father-in-law, inappropriately regards his daughter-in-law's laughter, or whoever, desiring respect, lives with his daughter-in-law; and whoever sows seeds in another's field; and whoever excessively insults a woman.
यश्चैव लब्ध्वा न स्मरामीत्युवाच दत्त्वा च यः कत्थति याच्यमानः ।
यश्चासतः सान्त्वमुपासतीह एतेऽनुयान्त्यनिलं पाशहस्ताः ॥६॥
6. yaścaiva labdhvā na smarāmītyuvāca; dattvā ca yaḥ katthati yācyamānaḥ ,
yaścāsataḥ sāntvamupāsatīha; ete'nuyāntyanilaṁ pāśahastāḥ.
6. yaḥ ca eva labdhvā na smarāmi iti
uvāca dattvā ca yaḥ katthati yācyamānaḥ
yaḥ ca asataḥ sāntvam upāsate
iha ete anuyānti anilam pāśahastāḥ
6. And whoever, after having received something, says 'I do not remember it'; and whoever, having given something, boasts about it when asked; and whoever here cultivates the appeasement of the wicked – these individuals, holding nooses in their hands, follow the wind.
यस्मिन्यथा वर्तते यो मनुष्यस्तस्मिंस्तथा वर्तितव्यं स धर्मः ।
मायाचारो मायया वर्तितव्यः साध्वाचारः साधुना प्रत्युदेयः ॥७॥
7. yasminyathā vartate yo manuṣya;stasmiṁstathā vartitavyaṁ sa dharmaḥ ,
māyācāro māyayā vartitavyaḥ; sādhvācāraḥ sādhunā pratyudeyaḥ.
7. yasmin yathā vartate yaḥ manuṣyaḥ
tasmin tathā vartitavyam sa
dharmaḥ māyācāraḥ māyayā vartitavyaḥ
sādhvācāraḥ sādhunā pratyudeyaḥ
7. As a person behaves towards someone, so should one behave towards that person; that is the natural law (dharma). One who acts deceitfully should be treated with deceit. One who acts righteously should be met with righteousness.
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
शतायुरुक्तः पुरुषः सर्ववेदेषु वै यदा ।
नाप्नोत्यथ च तत्सर्वमायुः केनेह हेतुना ॥८॥
8. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
śatāyuruktaḥ puruṣaḥ sarvavedeṣu vai yadā ,
nāpnotyatha ca tatsarvamāyuḥ keneha hetunā.
8. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca śatāyuḥ uktaḥ puruṣaḥ sarvavedeṣu vai
yadā na āpnoti atha ca tat sarvam āyuḥ kena iha hetunā
8. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: When a person (puruṣa) is indeed declared in all the Vedas to have a lifespan of a hundred years, yet here he does not attain that full lifespan, by what reason does this happen?
विदुर उवाच ।
अतिवादोऽतिमानश्च तथात्यागो नराधिप ।
क्रोधश्चातिविवित्सा च मित्रद्रोहश्च तानि षट् ॥९॥
9. vidura uvāca ,
ativādo'timānaśca tathātyāgo narādhipa ,
krodhaścātivivitsā ca mitradrohaśca tāni ṣaṭ.
9. viduraḥ uvāca | ativādaḥ atimānaḥ ca tathā atyāgaḥ
narādhipa | krodhaḥ ca ativivitsā ca mitradrohaḥ ca tāni ṣaṭ
9. Vidura said: "O King, these six traits - harsh speech, arrogance, avarice, anger, excessive meddling, and betrayal of a friend - "
एत एवासयस्तीक्ष्णाः कृन्तन्त्यायूंषि देहिनाम् ।
एतानि मानवान्घ्नन्ति न मृत्युर्भद्रमस्तु ते ॥१०॥
10. eta evāsayastīkṣṇāḥ kṛntantyāyūṁṣi dehinām ,
etāni mānavānghnanti na mṛtyurbhadramastu te.
10. ete eva asayaḥ tīkṣṇāḥ kṛntanti āyūṃṣi dehinām |
etāni mānavān ghnanti na mṛtyuḥ bhadram astu te
10. These (traits) are indeed sharp swords that cut short the lifespans of embodied beings. These destroy people, not death itself. May prosperity be yours.
विश्वस्तस्यैति यो दारान्यश्चापि गुरुतल्पगः ।
वृषलीपतिर्द्विजो यश्च पानपश्चैव भारत ॥११॥
11. viśvastasyaiti yo dārānyaścāpi gurutalpagaḥ ,
vṛṣalīpatirdvijo yaśca pānapaścaiva bhārata.
11. viśvastasya eti yaḥ dārān yaḥ ca api gurutalpagaḥ
| vṛṣalīpatiḥ dvijaḥ yaḥ ca pānapaḥ ca eva bhārata
11. O Bhārata, whoever violates the wife of a trusted person, and whoever commits incest with the teacher's wife, and whichever twice-born marries a śūdra woman, and whoever is a drunkard -
शरणागतहा चैव सर्वे ब्रह्महणैः समाः ।
एतैः समेत्य कर्तव्यं प्रायश्चित्तमिति श्रुतिः ॥१२॥
12. śaraṇāgatahā caiva sarve brahmahaṇaiḥ samāḥ ,
etaiḥ sametya kartavyaṁ prāyaścittamiti śrutiḥ.
12. śaraṇāgatahā ca eva sarve brahmahaṇaiḥ samāḥ |
etaiḥ sametya kartavyam prāyaścittam iti śrutiḥ
12. - and whoever kills a refugee - all these are indeed equal to those who kill a Brahmin (brahmahan). Thus says the sacred tradition: expiation must be performed after associating with such people.
गृही वदान्योऽनपविद्धवाक्यः शेषान्नभोक्ताप्यविहिंसकश्च ।
नानर्थकृत्त्यक्तकलिः कृतज्ञः सत्यो मृदुः स्वर्गमुपैति विद्वान् ॥१३॥
13. gṛhī vadānyo'napaviddhavākyaḥ; śeṣānnabhoktāpyavihiṁsakaśca ,
nānarthakṛttyaktakaliḥ kṛtajñaḥ; satyo mṛduḥ svargamupaiti vidvān.
13. gṛhī vadānyaḥ anapaviddhavākyaḥ
śeṣānnabhoktā api avihimsakaḥ ca na
anarthakṛt tyaktakaliḥ kṛtajñaḥ
satyaḥ mṛduḥ svargam upaiti vidvān
13. A householder who is generous, whose word is reliable, who partakes of food only after others, who practices non-violence (avihimsakaḥ), causes no trouble, has given up quarrel, is grateful, truthful, gentle, and learned, attains heaven.
सुलभाः पुरुषा राजन्सततं प्रियवादिनः ।
अप्रियस्य तु पथ्यस्य वक्ता श्रोता च दुर्लभः ॥१४॥
14. sulabhāḥ puruṣā rājansatataṁ priyavādinaḥ ,
apriyasya tu pathyasya vaktā śrotā ca durlabhaḥ.
14. sulabhāḥ puruṣā rājan satatam priyavādinaḥ
apriyasya tu pathyasya vaktā śrotā ca durlabhaḥ
14. O King, those who speak pleasant words are always readily available. However, a speaker and a listener of unpleasant but beneficial (pathya) advice are rare.
यो हि धर्मं व्यपाश्रित्य हित्वा भर्तुः प्रियाप्रिये ।
अप्रियाण्याह पथ्यानि तेन राजा सहायवान् ॥१५॥
15. yo hi dharmaṁ vyapāśritya hitvā bhartuḥ priyāpriye ,
apriyāṇyāha pathyāni tena rājā sahāyavān.
15. yaḥ hi dharmam vyapāśritya hitvā bhartuḥ priyāpriye
apriyāṇi āha pathyāni tena rājā sahāyavān
15. Indeed, that person who, taking refuge in (natural law) dharma and setting aside the master's personal preferences (pleasant or unpleasant), speaks words that are unpleasant but beneficial, by such a person the king is truly helped.
त्यजेत्कुलार्थे पुरुषं ग्रामस्यार्थे कुलं त्यजेत् ।
ग्रामं जनपदस्यार्थे आत्मार्थे पृथिवीं त्यजेत् ॥१६॥
16. tyajetkulārthe puruṣaṁ grāmasyārthe kulaṁ tyajet ,
grāmaṁ janapadasyārthe ātmārthe pṛthivīṁ tyajet.
16. tyajet kulārthe puruṣam grāmasyārthe kulam tyajet
grāmam janapadasyārthe ātmārthe pṛthivīm tyajet
16. One should abandon an individual for the sake of the family. One should abandon a family for the sake of the village. One should abandon a village for the sake of the country. And for the sake of one's own self (ātman), one should abandon the entire earth.
आपदर्थं धनं रक्षेद्दारान्रक्षेद्धनैरपि ।
आत्मानं सततं रक्षेद्दारैरपि धनैरपि ॥१७॥
17. āpadarthaṁ dhanaṁ rakṣeddārānrakṣeddhanairapi ,
ātmānaṁ satataṁ rakṣeddārairapi dhanairapi.
17. āpadartham dhanam rakṣet dārān rakṣet dhanaiḥ
api ātmānam satatam rakṣet dāraiḥ api dhanaiḥ api
17. One should protect wealth for times of distress. One should protect one's wives even by sacrificing that wealth. However, one should always protect one's own self (ātman), even by sacrificing both wives and wealth.
उक्तं मया द्यूतकालेऽपि राजन्नैवं युक्तं वचनं प्रातिपीय ।
तदौषधं पथ्यमिवातुरस्य न रोचते तव वैचित्रवीर्य ॥१८॥
18. uktaṁ mayā dyūtakāle'pi rāja;nnaivaṁ yuktaṁ vacanaṁ prātipīya ,
tadauṣadhaṁ pathyamivāturasya; na rocate tava vaicitravīrya.
18. uktam mayā dyūtakāle api rājan
na evam yuktam vacanam prātipīya
tat auṣadham pathyam iva āturasya
na rocate tava vaicitravīrya
18. O King, O descendant of Pratipa, I indeed spoke to you even during the game of dice, saying that such words were not proper. But that advice, O son of Vichitravirya, is not agreeable to you, just as wholesome food is not agreeable to a sick person.
काकैरिमांश्चित्रबर्हान्मयूरान्पराजैष्ठाः पाण्डवान्धार्तराष्ट्रैः ।
हित्वा सिंहान्क्रोष्टुकान्गूहमानः प्राप्ते काले शोचिता त्वं नरेन्द्र ॥१९॥
19. kākairimāṁścitrabarhānmayūrā;nparājaiṣṭhāḥ pāṇḍavāndhārtarāṣṭraiḥ ,
hitvā siṁhānkroṣṭukāngūhamānaḥ; prāpte kāle śocitā tvaṁ narendra.
19. kākaiḥ imān citrabarhān mayūrān
parājaiṣṭhāḥ pāṇḍavān dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ
hitvā simhān kroṣṭukān gūhamānaḥ
prāpte kāle śocitā tvam narendra
19. O King (narendra), you caused the Pandavas, who are like these beautiful-tailed peacocks, to be defeated by the Dhartarashtras, who are like crows. Having abandoned the lions (Pandavas) and sheltered the jackals (Dhartarashtras), you will certainly be lamented when the appropriate time arrives.
यस्तात न क्रुध्यति सर्वकालं भृत्यस्य भक्तस्य हिते रतस्य ।
तस्मिन्भृत्या भर्तरि विश्वसन्ति न चैनमापत्सु परित्यजन्ति ॥२०॥
20. yastāta na krudhyati sarvakālaṁ; bhṛtyasya bhaktasya hite ratasya ,
tasminbhṛtyā bhartari viśvasanti; na cainamāpatsu parityajanti.
20. yaḥ tāta na krudhyati sarvakālam
bhṛtyasya bhaktasya hite ratasya
tasmin bhṛtyāḥ bhartari viśvasanti
na ca enam āpatsu parityajanti
20. O dear one, servants trust in a master who never becomes angry with a loyal and dedicated servant working for his welfare. Moreover, they do not abandon him during times of calamity.
न भृत्यानां वृत्तिसंरोधनेन बाह्यं जनं संजिघृक्षेदपूर्वम् ।
त्यजन्ति ह्येनमुचितावरुद्धाः स्निग्धा ह्यमात्याः परिहीनभोगाः ॥२१॥
21. na bhṛtyānāṁ vṛttisaṁrodhanena; bāhyaṁ janaṁ saṁjighṛkṣedapūrvam ,
tyajanti hyenamucitāvaruddhāḥ; snigdhā hyamātyāḥ parihīnabhogāḥ.
21. na bhṛtyānām vṛttisaṃrodhanena
bāhyam janam sañjighṛkṣet apūrvam
tyajanti hi enam ucitāvaruddhāḥ
snigdhāḥ hi amātyāḥ parihīnabhogāḥ
21. A ruler should not try to win over new, outside people by obstructing the livelihoods of his own servants. Indeed, even loyal ministers whose proper means of enjoyment are diminished and obstructed will abandon such a ruler.
कृत्यानि पूर्वं परिसंख्याय सर्वाण्यायव्ययावनुरूपां च वृत्तिम् ।
संगृह्णीयादनुरूपान्सहायान्सहायसाध्यानि हि दुष्कराणि ॥२२॥
22. kṛtyāni pūrvaṁ parisaṁkhyāya sarvā;ṇyāyavyayāvanurūpāṁ ca vṛttim ,
saṁgṛhṇīyādanurūpānsahāyā;nsahāyasādhyāni hi duṣkarāṇi.
22. kṛtyāni pūrvam parisaṃkhyāya
sarvāṇi āyavyayau anurūpām ca
vṛttim saṃgṛhṇīyāt anurūpān
sahāyān sahāyasādhyāni hi duṣkarāṇi
22. Having first fully assessed all duties and a livelihood proportionate to income and expenditure, one should then acquire suitable assistants. Indeed, difficult tasks can only be accomplished with the help of others.
अभिप्रायं यो विदित्वा तु भर्तुः सर्वाणि कार्याणि करोत्यतन्द्रीः ।
वक्ता हितानामनुरक्त आर्यः शक्तिज्ञ आत्मेव हि सोऽनुकम्प्यः ॥२३॥
23. abhiprāyaṁ yo viditvā tu bhartuḥ; sarvāṇi kāryāṇi karotyatandrīḥ ,
vaktā hitānāmanurakta āryaḥ; śaktijña ātmeva hi so'nukampyaḥ.
23. abhiprāyam yaḥ viditvā tu bhartuḥ
sarvāṇi kāryāṇi karoti atandrīḥ
vaktā hitānām anuraktaḥ āryaḥ
śaktijñaḥ ātmā iva hi saḥ anukampyaḥ
23. That person who, having understood the master's intention, diligently performs all tasks, speaks what is beneficial, is devoted and noble, and knows his own capabilities – indeed, such a person is to be cherished like one's own self (ātman).
वाक्यं तु यो नाद्रियतेऽनुशिष्टः प्रत्याह यश्चापि नियुज्यमानः ।
प्रज्ञाभिमानी प्रतिकूलवादी त्याज्यः स तादृक्त्वरयैव भृत्यः ॥२४॥
24. vākyaṁ tu yo nādriyate'nuśiṣṭaḥ; pratyāha yaścāpi niyujyamānaḥ ,
prajñābhimānī pratikūlavādī; tyājyaḥ sa tādṛktvarayaiva bhṛtyaḥ.
24. vākyam tu yaḥ na ādriyate anuśiṣṭaḥ
pratyāha yaḥ ca api niyujyamānaḥ
prajñābhimānī pratikūlavādī
tyājyaḥ saḥ tādṛk tvarayā eva bhṛtyaḥ
24. But a servant who, when instructed, does not respect the command, and who argues back when assigned a task; one who is conceited about his own intelligence and speaks in opposition – such a servant should indeed be dismissed immediately.
अस्तब्धमक्लीबमदीर्घसूत्रं सानुक्रोशं श्लक्ष्णमहार्यमन्यैः ।
अरोगजातीयमुदारवाक्यं दूतं वदन्त्यष्टगुणोपपन्नम् ॥२५॥
25. astabdhamaklībamadīrghasūtraṁ; sānukrośaṁ ślakṣṇamahāryamanyaiḥ ,
arogajātīyamudāravākyaṁ; dūtaṁ vadantyaṣṭaguṇopapannam.
25. astabdham aklībam adīrghasūtram
sānukrośam ślākṣṇam ahāryam
anyaiḥ arogajātīyam udāravākyam
dūtam vadanti aṣṭaguṇopapannam
25. They describe a messenger as possessing eight qualities: not arrogant, courageous, not procrastinating, compassionate, gentle, incorruptible by others, of a healthy disposition, and eloquent in speech.
न विश्वासाज्जातु परस्य गेहं गच्छेन्नरश्चेतयानो विकाले ।
न चत्वरे निशि तिष्ठेन्निगूढो न राजन्यां योषितं प्रार्थयीत ॥२६॥
26. na viśvāsājjātu parasya gehaṁ; gacchennaraścetayāno vikāle ,
na catvare niśi tiṣṭhennigūḍho; na rājanyāṁ yoṣitaṁ prārthayīta.
26. na viśvāsāt jātu parasya geham
gacchet naraḥ cetayānaḥ vikāle
na catvare niśi tiṣṭhet nigūḍhaḥ
na rājanyām yoṣitam prārthayīta
26. A discerning person should never visit another's house out of (mere) trust during an inappropriate time. He should not stand concealed in a public square at night, nor should he solicit a woman of the royal (rājanyā) class.
न निह्नवं सत्रगतस्य गच्छेत्संसृष्टमन्त्रस्य कुसंगतस्य ।
न च ब्रूयान्नाश्वसामि त्वयीति सकारणं व्यपदेशं तु कुर्यात् ॥२७॥
27. na nihnavaṁ satragatasya gacche;tsaṁsṛṣṭamantrasya kusaṁgatasya ,
na ca brūyānnāśvasāmi tvayīti; sakāraṇaṁ vyapadeśaṁ tu kuryāt.
27. na nihnavam satragatasya gacchet
saṃsṛṣṭamantrasya kusaṅgatasya
na ca brūyāt na āśvasāmi tvayi
iti sakāraṇam vyapadeśam tu kuryāt
27. One should not conceal (the true nature of) a person who has entered a secret assembly (satra), whose counsel (mantra) is compromised, or who is associated with bad company. And one should not say, "I do not trust you"; rather, one should provide a justified reason (vyapadeśa) (for one's actions).
घृणी राजा पुंश्चली राजभृत्यः पुत्रो भ्राता विधवा बालपुत्रा ।
सेनाजीवी चोद्धृतभक्त एव व्यवहारे वै वर्जनीयाः स्युरेते ॥२८॥
28. ghṛṇī rājā puṁścalī rājabhṛtyaḥ; putro bhrātā vidhavā bālaputrā ,
senājīvī coddhṛtabhakta eva; vyavahāre vai varjanīyāḥ syurete.
28. ghṛṇī rājā puṃścalī rājabhṛtyaḥ
putraḥ bhrātā vidhavā bālaputrā
senājīvī ca uddhṛtabhaktaḥ eva
vyavahāre vai varjanīyāḥ syuḥ ete
28. These are indeed to be avoided in (legal or financial) dealings (vyavahāra): a malicious king, an unchaste woman, a royal official, a son, a brother, a widow with young children, and a mercenary who has already received his assigned portion (bhakta).
गुणा दश स्नानशीलं भजन्ते बलं रूपं स्वरवर्णप्रशुद्धिः ।
स्पर्शश्च गन्धश्च विशुद्धता च श्रीः सौकुमार्यं प्रवराश्च नार्यः ॥२९॥
29. guṇā daśa snānaśīlaṁ bhajante; balaṁ rūpaṁ svaravarṇapraśuddhiḥ ,
sparśaśca gandhaśca viśuddhatā ca; śrīḥ saukumāryaṁ pravarāśca nāryaḥ.
29. guṇāḥ daśa snānaśīlam bhajante balam
rūpam svaravarṇapraśuddhiḥ |
sparśaḥ ca gandhaḥ ca viśuddhatā ca
śrīḥ saukumāryam pravarāḥ ca nāryaḥ
29. A person who bathes regularly attains ten qualities: strength, beauty, purity of voice and complexion, a pleasant touch and fragrance, general purity, prosperity, grace, and excellent women.
गुणाश्च षण्मितभुक्तं भजन्ते आरोग्यमायुश्च सुखं बलं च ।
अनाविलं चास्य भवेदपत्यं न चैनमाद्यून इति क्षिपन्ति ॥३०॥
30. guṇāśca ṣaṇmitabhuktaṁ bhajante; ārogyamāyuśca sukhaṁ balaṁ ca ,
anāvilaṁ cāsya bhavedapatyaṁ; na cainamādyūna iti kṣipanti.
30. guṇāḥ ca ṣaṭ mitabhuktam bhajante
ārogyam āyuḥ ca sukham balam ca
| anāvilam ca asya bhavet apatyam
na ca enam ādyūnaḥ iti kṣipanti
30. One who eats moderately also attains six qualities: health, longevity, happiness, and strength. His children will be untroubled, and people do not criticize him, saying, "He is a glutton."
अकर्मशीलं च महाशनं च लोकद्विष्टं बहुमायं नृशंसम् ।
अदेशकालज्ञमनिष्टवेषमेतान्गृहे न प्रतिवासयीत ॥३१॥
31. akarmaśīlaṁ ca mahāśanaṁ ca; lokadviṣṭaṁ bahumāyaṁ nṛśaṁsam ,
adeśakālajñamaniṣṭaveṣa;metāngṛhe na prativāsayīta.
31. akarmaśīlam ca mahāśanam ca lokadviṣṭam bahumāyam nṛśaṃsam
| adeśakālajñam aniṣṭaveṣam etān gṛhe na prativāsayīta
31. One should not allow the following types of people to reside in one's home: those who are habitually inactive, gluttonous, hated by others, very deceitful (māyā), cruel, ignorant of proper place and time, and dressed in an unwelcome manner.
कदर्यमाक्रोशकमश्रुतं च वराकसंभूतममान्यमानिनम् ।
निष्ठूरिणं कृतवैरं कृतघ्नमेतान्भृशार्तोऽपि न जातु याचेत् ॥३२॥
32. kadaryamākrośakamaśrutaṁ ca; varākasaṁbhūtamamānyamāninam ,
niṣṭhūriṇaṁ kṛtavairaṁ kṛtaghna;metānbhṛśārto'pi na jātu yācet.
32. kadaryam ākrośakam aśrutam ca
varākasaṃbhūtam amānyamāninam |
niṣṭhūriṇam kṛtavairam kṛtaghnam
etān bhṛśārtaḥ api na jātu yācet
32. Even if one is greatly distressed, one should never beg from these types of people: a miser, one who is abusive and unlearned, one born of a base family who considers himself unworthy of respect, a harsh person, one who has created animosity, and an ungrateful person.
संक्लिष्टकर्माणमतिप्रवादं नित्यानृतं चादृढभक्तिकं च ।
विकृष्टरागं बहुमानिनं चाप्येतान्न सेवेत नराधमान्षट् ॥३३॥
33. saṁkliṣṭakarmāṇamatipravādaṁ; nityānṛtaṁ cādṛḍhabhaktikaṁ ca ,
vikṛṣṭarāgaṁ bahumāninaṁ cā;pyetānna seveta narādhamānṣaṭ.
33. saṃkliṣṭakarmāṇam atipravādam
nityānṛtam ca adṛḍhabhaktikam ca
vikṛṣṭarāgam bahumāninam ca api
etān na seveta narādhamān ṣaṭ
33. One should not associate with these six lowest types of individuals: those whose actions (karma) are corrupt, those who are excessively critical, those who are perpetually untruthful, those whose devotion (bhakti) is unsteady, those with misplaced attachments, and those who are excessively arrogant.
सहायबन्धना ह्यर्थाः सहायाश्चार्थबन्धनाः ।
अन्योन्यबन्धनावेतौ विनान्योन्यं न सिध्यतः ॥३४॥
34. sahāyabandhanā hyarthāḥ sahāyāścārthabandhanāḥ ,
anyonyabandhanāvetau vinānyonyaṁ na sidhyataḥ.
34. sahāyabandhanāḥ hi arthāḥ sahāyāḥ ca arthabandhanāḥ
anyonyabandhanā etau vinā anyonyam na sidhyataḥ
34. Indeed, goals are reliant on allies, and allies are reliant on goals. These two are mutually bound; without each other, neither can succeed.
उत्पाद्य पुत्राननृणांश्च कृत्वा वृत्तिं च तेभ्योऽनुविधाय कांचित् ।
स्थाने कुमारीः प्रतिपाद्य सर्वा अरण्यसंस्थो मुनिवद्बुभूषेत् ॥३५॥
35. utpādya putrānanṛṇāṁśca kṛtvā; vṛttiṁ ca tebhyo'nuvidhāya kāṁcit ,
sthāne kumārīḥ pratipādya sarvā; araṇyasaṁstho munivadbubhūṣet.
35. utpādya putrān anṛṇān ca kṛtvā
vṛttim ca tebhyaḥ anuvidhāya kāṃcit
sthāne kumārīḥ pratipādya sarvāḥ
araṇyasaṃsthaḥ munivat bubhūṣet
35. Having begotten sons and ensured they are free from debt, and having arranged some means of livelihood for them, and having properly given all his daughters in marriage, one should then desire to live in the forest like a sage (muni).
हितं यत्सर्वभूतानामात्मनश्च सुखावहम् ।
तत्कुर्यादीश्वरो ह्येतन्मूलं धर्मार्थसिद्धये ॥३६॥
36. hitaṁ yatsarvabhūtānāmātmanaśca sukhāvaham ,
tatkuryādīśvaro hyetanmūlaṁ dharmārthasiddhaye.
36. hitam yat sarvabhūtānām ātmanaḥ ca sukhāvaham tat
kuryāt īśvaraḥ hi etad mūlam dharmārthasiddhaye
36. A ruler should do that which is beneficial for all beings and is conducive to happiness for oneself (ātman), for this is indeed the foundation for the fulfillment of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha).
बुद्धिः प्रभावस्तेजश्च सत्त्वमुत्थानमेव च ।
व्यवसायश्च यस्य स्यात्तस्यावृत्तिभयं कुतः ॥३७॥
37. buddhiḥ prabhāvastejaśca sattvamutthānameva ca ,
vyavasāyaśca yasya syāttasyāvṛttibhayaṁ kutaḥ.
37. buddhiḥ prabhāvaḥ tejaḥ ca sattvam utthānam eva ca
vyavasāyaḥ ca yasya syāt tasya āvṛtti bhayam kutaḥ
37. For one who possesses intelligence, power, brilliance, strength, initiative, and determination, from where could there be any fear regarding their livelihood?
पश्य दोषान्पाण्डवैर्विग्रहे त्वं यत्र व्यथेरन्नपि देवाः सशक्राः ।
पुत्रैर्वैरं नित्यमुद्विग्नवासो यशःप्रणाशो द्विषतां च हर्षः ॥३८॥
38. paśya doṣānpāṇḍavairvigrahe tvaṁ; yatra vyatherannapi devāḥ saśakrāḥ ,
putrairvairaṁ nityamudvignavāso; yaśaḥpraṇāśo dviṣatāṁ ca harṣaḥ.
38. paśya doṣān pāṇḍavaiḥ vigrahe tvam
yatra vyatheran api devāḥ saśakrāḥ
putraiḥ vairam nityam udvignavāsaḥ
yaśaḥ praṇāśaḥ dviṣatām ca harṣaḥ
38. You should consider the flaws in engaging in conflict with the Pāṇḍavas, a conflict where even the gods, along with Indra, would become distressed. [Such a war means] enmity among your sons, perpetual anxious living, the ruin of your reputation, and delight for your adversaries.
भीष्मस्य कोपस्तव चेन्द्रकल्प द्रोणस्य राज्ञश्च युधिष्ठिरस्य ।
उत्सादयेल्लोकमिमं प्रवृद्धः श्वेतो ग्रहस्तिर्यगिवापतन्खे ॥३९॥
39. bhīṣmasya kopastava cendrakalpa; droṇasya rājñaśca yudhiṣṭhirasya ,
utsādayellokamimaṁ pravṛddhaḥ; śveto grahastiryagivāpatankhe.
39. bhīṣmasya kopaḥ tava ca indrakalpa
droṇasya rājñaḥ ca yudhiṣṭhirasya
utsādayet lokam imam pravṛddhaḥ
śvetaḥ grahaḥ tiryak iva apatat khe
39. O you, who are like Indra! The immense wrath of Bhīṣma, your own wrath, that of Droṇa, and that of King Yudhiṣṭhira, when provoked, could destroy this world, just like a formidable white planet falling obliquely from the sky.
तव पुत्रशतं चैव कर्णः पञ्च च पाण्डवाः ।
पृथिवीमनुशासेयुरखिलां सागराम्बराम् ॥४०॥
40. tava putraśataṁ caiva karṇaḥ pañca ca pāṇḍavāḥ ,
pṛthivīmanuśāseyurakhilāṁ sāgarāmbarām.
40. tava putraśatam ca eva karṇaḥ pañca ca pāṇḍavāḥ
pṛthivīm anuśāseyuḥ akhilām sāgarāmbarām
40. Your hundred sons, along with Karṇa and the five Pāṇḍavas, would (jointly) govern the entire earth, which is surrounded by oceans.
धार्तराष्ट्रा वनं राजन्व्याघ्राः पाण्डुसुता मताः ।
मा वनं छिन्धि सव्याघ्रं मा व्याघ्रान्नीनशो वनात् ॥४१॥
41. dhārtarāṣṭrā vanaṁ rājanvyāghrāḥ pāṇḍusutā matāḥ ,
mā vanaṁ chindhi savyāghraṁ mā vyāghrānnīnaśo vanāt.
41. dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ vanam rājan vyāghrāḥ pāṇḍusutāḥ matāḥ
mā vanam chindhi savyāghram mā vyāghrān nīnaśaḥ vanāt
41. O King, the Dhārtarāṣṭras are considered the forest, and the sons of Pāṇḍu are considered the tigers. Do not destroy the forest that contains the tigers, nor remove the tigers from the forest.
न स्याद्वनमृते व्याघ्रान्व्याघ्रा न स्युरृते वनम् ।
वनं हि रक्ष्यते व्याघ्रैर्व्याघ्रान्रक्षति काननम् ॥४२॥
42. na syādvanamṛte vyāghrānvyāghrā na syurṛte vanam ,
vanaṁ hi rakṣyate vyāghrairvyāghrānrakṣati kānanam.
42. na syāt vanam ṛte vyāghrān vyāghrāḥ na syuḥ ṛte vanam
vanam hi rakṣyate vyāghraiḥ vyāghrān rakṣati kānanam
42. The forest would not exist without tigers, and tigers would not exist without the forest. Indeed, the forest is protected by tigers, and the forest protects the tigers.
न तथेच्छन्त्यकल्याणाः परेषां वेदितुं गुणान् ।
यथैषां ज्ञातुमिच्छन्ति नैर्गुण्यं पापचेतसः ॥४३॥
43. na tathecchantyakalyāṇāḥ pareṣāṁ vedituṁ guṇān ,
yathaiṣāṁ jñātumicchanti nairguṇyaṁ pāpacetasaḥ.
43. na tathā icchanti akalyāṇāḥ pareṣām veditum guṇān
yathā eṣām jñātum icchanti nairguṇyam pāpacetasaḥ
43. Those who are wicked do not desire to know the good qualities of others as much as the evil-minded desire to know their faults.
अर्थसिद्धिं परामिच्छन्धर्ममेवादितश्चरेत् ।
न हि धर्मादपैत्यर्थः स्वर्गलोकादिवामृतम् ॥४४॥
44. arthasiddhiṁ parāmicchandharmamevāditaścaret ,
na hi dharmādapaityarthaḥ svargalokādivāmṛtam.
44. arthasiddhim parām icchan dharmam eva āditaḥ caret
na hi dharmāt apaiti arthaḥ svargalokāt iva amṛtam
44. One who desires the supreme attainment of goals (arthasiddhi) should indeed first practice righteousness (dharma). For material prosperity (artha) certainly does not depart from (dharma), just as immortality (amṛta) does not depart from the heavenly realm (svargaloka).
यस्यात्मा विरतः पापात्कल्याणे च निवेशितः ।
तेन सर्वमिदं बुद्धं प्रकृतिर्विकृतिश्च या ॥४५॥
45. yasyātmā virataḥ pāpātkalyāṇe ca niveśitaḥ ,
tena sarvamidaṁ buddhaṁ prakṛtirvikṛtiśca yā.
45. yasya ātmā virataḥ pāpāt kalyāṇe ca niveśitaḥ
tena sarvam idam buddham prakṛtiḥ vikṛtiḥ ca yā
45. He whose self (ātman) is detached from sin and dedicated to welfare understands all of this, including both original nature (prakṛti) and its transformations.
यो धर्ममर्थं कामं च यथाकालं निषेवते ।
धर्मार्थकामसंयोगं सोऽमुत्रेह च विन्दति ॥४६॥
46. yo dharmamarthaṁ kāmaṁ ca yathākālaṁ niṣevate ,
dharmārthakāmasaṁyogaṁ so'mutreha ca vindati.
46. yaḥ dharmam artham kāmam ca yathākālam niṣevate
dharmārthakāmasaṃyogam saḥ amutra iha ca vindati
46. Whoever pursues righteousness (dharma), material prosperity, and pleasure in due course attains the fulfillment of these three - righteousness (dharma), material prosperity, and pleasure - both in this world and the next.
संनियच्छति यो वेगमुत्थितं क्रोधहर्षयोः ।
स श्रियो भाजनं राजन्यश्चापत्सु न मुह्यति ॥४७॥
47. saṁniyacchati yo vegamutthitaṁ krodhaharṣayoḥ ,
sa śriyo bhājanaṁ rājanyaścāpatsu na muhyati.
47. saṃniyacchati yaḥ vegam utthitam krodhaharṣayoḥ
saḥ śriyaḥ bhājanam rājan yaḥ ca āpatsu na muhyati
47. O King, he who restrains the urges that arise from both anger and joy, and who does not become bewildered in adversities, becomes a recipient of prosperity.
बलं पञ्चविधं नित्यं पुरुषाणां निबोध मे ।
यत्तु बाहुबलं नाम कनिष्ठं बलमुच्यते ॥४८॥
48. balaṁ pañcavidhaṁ nityaṁ puruṣāṇāṁ nibodha me ,
yattu bāhubalaṁ nāma kaniṣṭhaṁ balamucyate.
48. balam pañcavidham nityam puruṣāṇām nibodha me
yat tu bāhubalam nāma kaniṣṭham balam ucyate
48. Understand from me the five types of enduring strength (bala) possessed by men. That which is called physical strength is declared to be the least significant strength.
अमात्यलाभो भद्रं ते द्वितीयं बलमुच्यते ।
धनलाभस्तृतीयं तु बलमाहुर्जिगीषवः ॥४९॥
49. amātyalābho bhadraṁ te dvitīyaṁ balamucyate ,
dhanalābhastṛtīyaṁ tu balamāhurjigīṣavaḥ.
49. amātyalābhaḥ bhadram te dvitīyam balam ucyate
dhanalābhaḥ tṛtīyam tu balam āhuḥ jigīṣavaḥ
49. The acquisition of ministers (counselors) is declared to be the second strength, which is indeed beneficial for you. Those who desire victory, however, call the acquisition of wealth the third strength.
यत्त्वस्य सहजं राजन्पितृपैतामहं बलम् ।
अभिजातबलं नाम तच्चतुर्थं बलं स्मृतम् ॥५०॥
50. yattvasya sahajaṁ rājanpitṛpaitāmahaṁ balam ,
abhijātabalaṁ nāma taccaturthaṁ balaṁ smṛtam.
50. yat tu asya sahajam rājan pitṛpaitāmaham balam
abhijātabalam nāma tat caturtham balam smṛtam
50. O King, that strength which is innate to him, inherited from his father and grandfather - that is called the strength of noble lineage, and it is considered the fourth strength.
येन त्वेतानि सर्वाणि संगृहीतानि भारत ।
यद्बलानां बलं श्रेष्ठं तत्प्रज्ञाबलमुच्यते ॥५१॥
51. yena tvetāni sarvāṇi saṁgṛhītāni bhārata ,
yadbalānāṁ balaṁ śreṣṭhaṁ tatprajñābalamucyate.
51. yena tu etāni sarvāṇi saṃgṛhītāni bhārata yat
balānām balam śreṣṭham tat prajñābalam ucyate
51. But, O Bhārata, that by which all these (other strengths) are controlled - that strength, which is the best among all strengths, is called the strength of wisdom (prajñā).
महते योऽपकाराय नरस्य प्रभवेन्नरः ।
तेन वैरं समासज्य दूरस्थोऽस्मीति नाश्वसेत् ॥५२॥
52. mahate yo'pakārāya narasya prabhavennaraḥ ,
tena vairaṁ samāsajya dūrastho'smīti nāśvaset.
52. mahate yaḥ apakārāya narasya prabhaven naraḥ tena
vairam samāsajya dūrasthaḥ asmi iti na āśvaset
52. One should not feel secure, thinking 'I am far away,' after having formed an enmity with a person who is capable of inflicting great harm upon another.
स्त्रीषु राजसु सर्पेषु स्वाध्याये शत्रुसेविषु ।
भोगे चायुषि विश्वासं कः प्राज्ञः कर्तुमर्हति ॥५३॥
53. strīṣu rājasu sarpeṣu svādhyāye śatruseviṣu ,
bhoge cāyuṣi viśvāsaṁ kaḥ prājñaḥ kartumarhati.
53. strīṣu rājasu sarpeṣu svādhyāye śatruseviṣu
bhoge ca āyuṣi viśvāsam kaḥ prājñaḥ kartum arhati
53. What wise person can place their trust in women, kings, snakes, self-study (svādhyāya), those who serve enemies, enjoyment, or life itself?
प्रज्ञाशरेणाभिहतस्य जन्तोश्चिकित्सकाः सन्ति न चौषधानि ।
न होममन्त्रा न च मङ्गलानि नाथर्वणा नाप्यगदाः सुसिद्धाः ॥५४॥
54. prajñāśareṇābhihatasya janto;ścikitsakāḥ santi na cauṣadhāni ,
na homamantrā na ca maṅgalāni; nātharvaṇā nāpyagadāḥ susiddhāḥ.
54. prajñāśareṇa abhihatasya jantoḥ
cikitsakāḥ santi na ca auṣadhāni |
na homamantrāḥ na ca maṅgalāni na
ātharvaṇāḥ na api agadāḥ susiddhāḥ
54. For a creature struck by the arrow of wisdom (prajñā), there are no physicians, nor medicines. There are no sacrificial chants (mantras), nor auspicious rites, nor Atharva Veda practitioners, nor even potent antidotes.
सर्पश्चाग्निश्च सिंहश्च कुलपुत्रश्च भारत ।
नावज्ञेया मनुष्येण सर्वे ते ह्यतितेजसः ॥५५॥
55. sarpaścāgniśca siṁhaśca kulaputraśca bhārata ,
nāvajñeyā manuṣyeṇa sarve te hyatitejasaḥ.
55. sarpaḥ ca agniḥ ca siṃhaḥ ca kulaputraḥ ca bhārata
| na avajñeyāḥ manuṣyeṇa sarve te hi atitejasaḥ
55. O Bhārata, a snake, a fire, a lion, and a noble son (kulaputra) - these should not be underestimated by any person, for all of them are indeed exceedingly powerful.
अग्निस्तेजो महल्लोके गूढस्तिष्ठति दारुषु ।
न चोपयुङ्क्ते तद्दारु यावन्नो दीप्यते परैः ॥५६॥
56. agnistejo mahalloke gūḍhastiṣṭhati dāruṣu ,
na copayuṅkte taddāru yāvanno dīpyate paraiḥ.
56. agniḥ tejas mahat loke gūḍhaḥ tiṣṭhati dāruṣu | na
ca upayuṅkte tat dāru yāvat na u dīpyate paraiḥ
56. Fire, a great splendor (tejas) in the world, remains hidden within wood. It does not consume that wood until it is ignited by others.
स एव खलु दारुभ्यो यदा निर्मथ्य दीप्यते ।
तदा तच्च वनं चान्यन्निर्दहत्याशु तेजसा ॥५७॥
57. sa eva khalu dārubhyo yadā nirmathya dīpyate ,
tadā tacca vanaṁ cānyannirdahatyāśu tejasā.
57. saḥ eva khalu dārubhyaḥ yadā nirmathya dīpyate
tadā tat ca vanam ca anyat nirdahati āśu tejasā
57. Indeed, when fire is generated by rubbing wood and then blazes, it swiftly consumes both that wood and the entire forest with its power.
एवमेव कुले जाताः पावकोपमतेजसः ।
क्षमावन्तो निराकाराः काष्ठेऽग्निरिव शेरते ॥५८॥
58. evameva kule jātāḥ pāvakopamatejasaḥ ,
kṣamāvanto nirākārāḥ kāṣṭhe'gniriva śerate.
58. evam eva kule jātāḥ pāvakopamatejasaḥ
kṣamāvantaḥ nirākārāḥ kāṣṭhe agniḥ iva śerate
58. Similarly, those born in a noble lineage, possessing fiery brilliance, yet patient and outwardly inactive, reside (hidden) just like fire lies dormant within wood.
लताधर्मा त्वं सपुत्रः शालाः पाण्डुसुता मताः ।
न लता वर्धते जातु महाद्रुममनाश्रिता ॥५९॥
59. latādharmā tvaṁ saputraḥ śālāḥ pāṇḍusutā matāḥ ,
na latā vardhate jātu mahādrumamanāśritā.
59. latādharma tvam saputraḥ śālāḥ pāṇḍusutāḥ
matāḥ na latā vardhate jātu mahādrumam anāśritā
59. You, along with your sons, possess the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a creeper. The sons of Pāṇḍu are considered mighty trees. A creeper can never grow if it does not rely on a great tree.
वनं राजंस्त्वं सपुत्रोऽम्बिकेय सिंहान्वने पाण्डवांस्तात विद्धि ।
सिंहैर्विहीनं हि वनं विनश्येत्सिंहा विनश्येयुरृते वनेन ॥६०॥
60. vanaṁ rājaṁstvaṁ saputro'mbikeya; siṁhānvane pāṇḍavāṁstāta viddhi ,
siṁhairvihīnaṁ hi vanaṁ vinaśye;tsiṁhā vinaśyeyurṛte vanena.
60. vanam rājan tvam saputraḥ ambikeya
siṃhān vane pāṇḍavān tāta viddhi
siṃhaiḥ vihīnam hi vanam
vinaśyet siṃhāḥ vinaśyeyuḥ ṛte vanena
60. O King, son of Ambikā, you along with your sons are the forest. O dear one, know the Pāṇḍavas to be the lions in that forest. Indeed, a forest devoid of lions would surely perish, and likewise, lions would perish without the forest.