महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-13, chapter-90
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कीदृशेभ्यः प्रदातव्यं भवेच्छ्राद्धं पितामह ।
द्विजेभ्यः कुरुशार्दूल तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥१॥
कीदृशेभ्यः प्रदातव्यं भवेच्छ्राद्धं पितामह ।
द्विजेभ्यः कुरुशार्दूल तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kīdṛśebhyaḥ pradātavyaṁ bhavecchrāddhaṁ pitāmaha ,
dvijebhyaḥ kuruśārdūla tanme vyākhyātumarhasi.
kīdṛśebhyaḥ pradātavyaṁ bhavecchrāddhaṁ pitāmaha ,
dvijebhyaḥ kuruśārdūla tanme vyākhyātumarhasi.
1.
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kīdṛśebhyaḥ pradātavyam bhavet śrāddham
pitāmaha dvijebhyaḥ kuruśārdūla tat me vyākhyātum arhasi
pitāmaha dvijebhyaḥ kuruśārdūla tat me vyākhyātum arhasi
1.
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha kuruśārdūla kīdṛśebhyaḥ dvijebhyaḥ
śrāddham pradātavyam bhavet me tat vyākhyātum arhasi
śrāddham pradātavyam bhavet me tat vyākhyātum arhasi
1.
Yudhiṣṭhira said, 'O grandfather, O tiger among the Kurus! To what kind of Brahmins (dvija) should the ancestral ritual (śrāddha) be offered? You ought to explain that to me.'
भीष्म उवाच ।
ब्राह्मणान्न परीक्षेत क्षत्रियो दानधर्मवित् ।
दैवे कर्मणि पित्र्ये तु न्याय्यमाहुः परीक्षणम् ॥२॥
ब्राह्मणान्न परीक्षेत क्षत्रियो दानधर्मवित् ।
दैवे कर्मणि पित्र्ये तु न्याय्यमाहुः परीक्षणम् ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
brāhmaṇānna parīkṣeta kṣatriyo dānadharmavit ,
daive karmaṇi pitrye tu nyāyyamāhuḥ parīkṣaṇam.
brāhmaṇānna parīkṣeta kṣatriyo dānadharmavit ,
daive karmaṇi pitrye tu nyāyyamāhuḥ parīkṣaṇam.
2.
bhīṣmaḥ uvāca brāhmaṇān na parīkṣeta kṣatriyaḥ dānadharmavit
daive karmaṇi pitrye tu nyāyyam āhuḥ parīkṣaṇam
daive karmaṇi pitrye tu nyāyyam āhuḥ parīkṣaṇam
2.
bhīṣmaḥ uvāca dānadharmavit kṣatriyaḥ brāhmaṇān na
parīkṣeta tu daive karmaṇi pitrye parīkṣaṇam nyāyyam āhuḥ
parīkṣeta tu daive karmaṇi pitrye parīkṣaṇam nyāyyam āhuḥ
2.
Bhīṣma said, 'A Kṣatriya who understands the natural law (dharma) of giving should not examine Brahmins. However, in divine rituals or ancestral rituals (pitṛya karma), they say that examination (of Brahmins) is proper.'
देवताः पूजयन्तीह दैवेनैवेह तेजसा ।
उपेत्य तस्माद्देवेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यो दापयेन्नरः ॥३॥
उपेत्य तस्माद्देवेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यो दापयेन्नरः ॥३॥
3. devatāḥ pūjayantīha daivenaiveha tejasā ,
upetya tasmāddevebhyaḥ sarvebhyo dāpayennaraḥ.
upetya tasmāddevebhyaḥ sarvebhyo dāpayennaraḥ.
3.
devatāḥ pūjayanti iha daivena eva iha tejasā
upetya tasmāt devebhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ dāpayet naraḥ
upetya tasmāt devebhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ dāpayet naraḥ
3.
iha devatāḥ daivena eva iha tejasā pūjayanti
tasmāt naraḥ upetya sarvebhyaḥ devebhyaḥ dāpayet
tasmāt naraḥ upetya sarvebhyaḥ devebhyaḥ dāpayet
3.
Here, the deities themselves worship with their own divine splendor. Therefore, a man should approach all those deities and arrange for offerings to be given to them.
श्राद्धे त्वथ महाराज परीक्षेद्ब्राह्मणान्बुधः ।
कुलशीलवयोरूपैर्विद्ययाभिजनेन च ॥४॥
कुलशीलवयोरूपैर्विद्ययाभिजनेन च ॥४॥
4. śrāddhe tvatha mahārāja parīkṣedbrāhmaṇānbudhaḥ ,
kulaśīlavayorūpairvidyayābhijanena ca.
kulaśīlavayorūpairvidyayābhijanena ca.
4.
śrāddhe tu atha mahārāja parīkṣet brāhmaṇān
budhaḥ kulaśīlavayorūpaiḥ vidyayā abhijanena ca
budhaḥ kulaśīlavayorūpaiḥ vidyayā abhijanena ca
4.
atha mahārāja budhaḥ śrāddhe tu brāhmaṇān
kulaśīlavayorūpaiḥ vidyayā ca abhijanena parīkṣet
kulaśīlavayorūpaiḥ vidyayā ca abhijanena parīkṣet
4.
Now, O great king, a wise person should indeed examine the Brahmins for a post-funeral ritual (śrāddha) based on their family, character, age, appearance, knowledge, and noble lineage.
एषामन्ये पङ्क्तिदूषास्तथान्ये पङ्क्तिपावनाः ।
अपाङ्क्तेयास्तु ये राजन्कीर्तयिष्यामि ताञ्शृणु ॥५॥
अपाङ्क्तेयास्तु ये राजन्कीर्तयिष्यामि ताञ्शृणु ॥५॥
5. eṣāmanye paṅktidūṣāstathānye paṅktipāvanāḥ ,
apāṅkteyāstu ye rājankīrtayiṣyāmi tāñśṛṇu.
apāṅkteyāstu ye rājankīrtayiṣyāmi tāñśṛṇu.
5.
eṣām anye paṅktidūṣāḥ tathā anye paṅktipāvanāḥ
apāṅkteyāḥ tu ye rājan kīrtayiṣyāmi tān śṛṇu
apāṅkteyāḥ tu ye rājan kīrtayiṣyāmi tān śṛṇu
5.
rājan eṣām anye paṅktidūṣāḥ tathā anye
paṅktipāvanāḥ tu ye apāṅkteyāḥ tān kīrtayiṣyāmi śṛṇu
paṅktipāvanāḥ tu ye apāṅkteyāḥ tān kīrtayiṣyāmi śṛṇu
5.
Among these (Brahmins), some are defilers of the company, and likewise, others are purifiers of the company. But O king, listen, I will enumerate those who are unworthy of the company.
कितवो भ्रूणहा यक्ष्मी पशुपालो निराकृतिः ।
ग्रामप्रेष्यो वार्धुषिको गायनः सर्वविक्रयी ॥६॥
ग्रामप्रेष्यो वार्धुषिको गायनः सर्वविक्रयी ॥६॥
6. kitavo bhrūṇahā yakṣmī paśupālo nirākṛtiḥ ,
grāmapreṣyo vārdhuṣiko gāyanaḥ sarvavikrayī.
grāmapreṣyo vārdhuṣiko gāyanaḥ sarvavikrayī.
6.
kitavaḥ bhrūṇahā yakṣmī paśupālaḥ nirākṛtiḥ
grāmapreṣyaḥ vārdhuṣikaḥ gāyanaḥ sarvavikrayī
grāmapreṣyaḥ vārdhuṣikaḥ gāyanaḥ sarvavikrayī
6.
kitavaḥ bhrūṇahā yakṣmī paśupālaḥ nirākṛtiḥ
grāmapreṣyaḥ vārdhuṣikaḥ gāyanaḥ sarvavikrayī
grāmapreṣyaḥ vārdhuṣikaḥ gāyanaḥ sarvavikrayī
6.
A gambler, a killer of an embryo, one afflicted with consumption, an animal herder, a despicable person, a village servant, a usurer, a singer, and one who sells everything.
अगारदाही गरदः कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी ।
सामुद्रिको राजभृत्यस्तैलिकः कूटकारकः ॥७॥
सामुद्रिको राजभृत्यस्तैलिकः कूटकारकः ॥७॥
7. agāradāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī ,
sāmudriko rājabhṛtyastailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ.
sāmudriko rājabhṛtyastailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ.
7.
agāradāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī
sāmudrikaḥ rājabhṛtyaḥ tailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ
sāmudrikaḥ rājabhṛtyaḥ tailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ
7.
agāradāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī
sāmudrikaḥ rājabhṛtyaḥ tailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ
sāmudrikaḥ rājabhṛtyaḥ tailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ
7.
An arsonist, a poisoner, one who partakes in forbidden food, a seller of Soma, a soothsayer, a government official, an oil merchant, and a deceiver.
पित्रा विवदमानश्च यस्य चोपपतिर्गृहे ।
अभिशस्तस्तथा स्तेनः शिल्पं यश्चोपजीवति ॥८॥
अभिशस्तस्तथा स्तेनः शिल्पं यश्चोपजीवति ॥८॥
8. pitrā vivadamānaśca yasya copapatirgṛhe ,
abhiśastastathā stenaḥ śilpaṁ yaścopajīvati.
abhiśastastathā stenaḥ śilpaṁ yaścopajīvati.
8.
pitrā vivadamānaḥ ca yasya ca upapatiḥ gṛhe
abhiśastaḥ tathā stenaḥ śilpam yaḥ ca upajīvati
abhiśastaḥ tathā stenaḥ śilpam yaḥ ca upajīvati
8.
pitrā vivadamānaḥ ca yasya ca upapatiḥ gṛhe
abhiśastaḥ tathā stenaḥ śilpam yaḥ ca upajīvati
abhiśastaḥ tathā stenaḥ śilpam yaḥ ca upajīvati
8.
And one who quarrels with his father; also one whose wife has a paramour in the house; likewise, one who is accused of a grave offense, and a thief; and one who lives by a manual craft.
पर्वकारश्च सूची च मित्रध्रुक्पारदारिकः ।
अव्रतानामुपाध्यायः काण्डपृष्ठस्तथैव च ॥९॥
अव्रतानामुपाध्यायः काण्डपृष्ठस्तथैव च ॥९॥
9. parvakāraśca sūcī ca mitradhrukpāradārikaḥ ,
avratānāmupādhyāyaḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhastathaiva ca.
avratānāmupādhyāyaḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhastathaiva ca.
9.
parvakāraḥ ca sūcī ca mitradhruk pāradārikaḥ
avratānām upādhyāyaḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhaḥ tathaiva ca
avratānām upādhyāyaḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhaḥ tathaiva ca
9.
parvakāraḥ ca sūcī ca mitradhruk pāradārikaḥ
avratānām upādhyāyaḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhaḥ tathaiva ca
avratānām upādhyāyaḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhaḥ tathaiva ca
9.
And one who disregards sacred days, an informer, a betrayer of friends, an adulterer, a teacher of those without vows, and also one with a bent back.
श्वभिर्यश्च परिक्रामेद्यः शुना दष्ट एव च ।
परिवित्तिश्च यश्च स्याद्दुश्चर्मा गुरुतल्पगः ।
कुशीलवो देवलको नक्षत्रैर्यश्च जीवति ॥१०॥
परिवित्तिश्च यश्च स्याद्दुश्चर्मा गुरुतल्पगः ।
कुशीलवो देवलको नक्षत्रैर्यश्च जीवति ॥१०॥
10. śvabhiryaśca parikrāmedyaḥ śunā daṣṭa eva ca ,
parivittiśca yaśca syādduścarmā gurutalpagaḥ ,
kuśīlavo devalako nakṣatrairyaśca jīvati.
parivittiśca yaśca syādduścarmā gurutalpagaḥ ,
kuśīlavo devalako nakṣatrairyaśca jīvati.
10.
śvabhiḥ yaḥ ca parikrāmēt yaḥ śunā
daṣṭaḥ eva ca parivittiḥ ca yaḥ ca
syāt duścarma gurutalpagaḥ kuśīlavaḥ
devalakaḥ nakṣatraiḥ yaḥ ca jīvati
daṣṭaḥ eva ca parivittiḥ ca yaḥ ca
syāt duścarma gurutalpagaḥ kuśīlavaḥ
devalakaḥ nakṣatraiḥ yaḥ ca jīvati
10.
śvabhiḥ yaḥ ca parikrāmēt yaḥ śunā
daṣṭaḥ eva ca parivittiḥ ca yaḥ ca
syāt duścarma gurutalpagaḥ kuśīlavaḥ
devalakaḥ nakṣatraiḥ yaḥ ca jīvati
daṣṭaḥ eva ca parivittiḥ ca yaḥ ca
syāt duścarma gurutalpagaḥ kuśīlavaḥ
devalakaḥ nakṣatraiḥ yaḥ ca jīvati
10.
And one who wanders with dogs, and also one who has been bitten by a dog; and a 'parivitti' (a younger brother married before his elder brother); one with a skin disease; one who violates the (guru's) teacher's bed; an actor; a temple priest; and one who lives by astrology.
एतानिह विजानीयादपाङ्क्तेयान्द्विजाधमान् ।
शूद्राणामुपदेशं च ये कुर्वन्त्यल्पचेतसः ॥११॥
शूद्राणामुपदेशं च ये कुर्वन्त्यल्पचेतसः ॥११॥
11. etāniha vijānīyādapāṅkteyāndvijādhamān ,
śūdrāṇāmupadeśaṁ ca ye kurvantyalpacetasaḥ.
śūdrāṇāmupadeśaṁ ca ye kurvantyalpacetasaḥ.
11.
etāni iha vijānīyāt apāṅkteyān dvijādhamān
śūdrāṇām upadeśam ca ye kurvanti alpacetasaḥ
śūdrāṇām upadeśam ca ye kurvanti alpacetasaḥ
11.
iha ye alpacetasaḥ śūdrāṇām upadeśam kurvanti ca,
etāni apāṅkteyān dvijādhamān vijānīyāt.
etāni apāṅkteyān dvijādhamān vijānīyāt.
11.
Here, one should recognize as the lowest among the twice-born (dvija) and unfit for communal dining, those foolish ones who impart instruction to śūdras.
षष्टिं काणः शतं षण्ढः श्वित्री यावत्प्रपश्यति ।
पङ्क्त्यां समुपविष्टायां तावद्दूषयते नृप ॥१२॥
पङ्क्त्यां समुपविष्टायां तावद्दूषयते नृप ॥१२॥
12. ṣaṣṭiṁ kāṇaḥ śataṁ ṣaṇḍhaḥ śvitrī yāvatprapaśyati ,
paṅktyāṁ samupaviṣṭāyāṁ tāvaddūṣayate nṛpa.
paṅktyāṁ samupaviṣṭāyāṁ tāvaddūṣayate nṛpa.
12.
ṣaṣṭim kāṇaḥ śatam ṣaṇḍhaḥ śvitrī yāvat prapaśyati
paṅktyām samupaviṣṭāyām tāvat dūṣayate nṛpa
paṅktyām samupaviṣṭāyām tāvat dūṣayate nṛpa
12.
nṛpa,
kāṇaḥ ṣaṣṭim (janān) dūṣayate,
ṣaṇḍhaḥ śatam (janān) (dūṣayate),
śvitrī yāvat (janān) paṅktyām samupaviṣṭāyām prapaśyati,
tāvat (janān) dūṣayate.
kāṇaḥ ṣaṣṭim (janān) dūṣayate,
ṣaṇḍhaḥ śatam (janān) (dūṣayate),
śvitrī yāvat (janān) paṅktyām samupaviṣṭāyām prapaśyati,
tāvat (janān) dūṣayate.
12.
O king, a one-eyed man defiles sixty (diners), an impotent man a hundred, and a person with white leprosy defiles as many (diners) as he can see while seated in the dining line.
यद्वेष्टितशिरा भुङ्क्ते यद्भुङ्क्ते दक्षिणामुखः ।
सोपानत्कश्च यद्भुङ्क्ते सर्वं विद्यात्तदासुरम् ॥१३॥
सोपानत्कश्च यद्भुङ्क्ते सर्वं विद्यात्तदासुरम् ॥१३॥
13. yadveṣṭitaśirā bhuṅkte yadbhuṅkte dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ ,
sopānatkaśca yadbhuṅkte sarvaṁ vidyāttadāsuram.
sopānatkaśca yadbhuṅkte sarvaṁ vidyāttadāsuram.
13.
yat veṣṭitaśirāḥ bhuṅkte yat bhuṅkte dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ
sa upānatkaḥ ca yat bhuṅkte sarvam vidyāt tat āsuram
sa upānatkaḥ ca yat bhuṅkte sarvam vidyāt tat āsuram
13.
yat veṣṭitaśirāḥ bhuṅkte,
yat dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ bhuṅkte,
ca yat sa upānatkaḥ bhuṅkte,
sarvam tat āsuram vidyāt.
yat dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ bhuṅkte,
ca yat sa upānatkaḥ bhuṅkte,
sarvam tat āsuram vidyāt.
13.
Whatever one eats with a covered head, whatever one eats facing south, and whatever one eats wearing shoes - one should know all that to be of a demonic nature.
असूयता च यद्दत्तं यच्च श्रद्धाविवर्जितम् ।
सर्वं तदसुरेन्द्राय ब्रह्मा भागमकल्पयत् ॥१४॥
सर्वं तदसुरेन्द्राय ब्रह्मा भागमकल्पयत् ॥१४॥
14. asūyatā ca yaddattaṁ yacca śraddhāvivarjitam ,
sarvaṁ tadasurendrāya brahmā bhāgamakalpayat.
sarvaṁ tadasurendrāya brahmā bhāgamakalpayat.
14.
asūyatā ca yat dattam yat ca śraddhāvivarjitam
sarvam tat asurendrāya brahmā bhāgam akalpayat
sarvam tat asurendrāya brahmā bhāgam akalpayat
14.
ca yat asūyatā dattam,
ca yat śraddhāvivarjitam (dattam),
sarvam tat bhāgam brahmā asurendrāya akalpayat.
ca yat śraddhāvivarjitam (dattam),
sarvam tat bhāgam brahmā asurendrāya akalpayat.
14.
Whatever is given by an envious person, and whatever is offered without faith (śraddhā) - all that Brahmā assigned as a portion to the chief of the asuras.
श्वानश्च पङ्क्तिदूषाश्च नावेक्षेरन्कथंचन ।
तस्मात्परिवृते दद्यात्तिलांश्चान्ववकीरयेत् ॥१५॥
तस्मात्परिवृते दद्यात्तिलांश्चान्ववकीरयेत् ॥१५॥
15. śvānaśca paṅktidūṣāśca nāvekṣerankathaṁcana ,
tasmātparivṛte dadyāttilāṁścānvavakīrayet.
tasmātparivṛte dadyāttilāṁścānvavakīrayet.
15.
śvānaḥ ca paṅktidūṣāḥ ca na avekṣeran kathaṃcana
tasmāt parivṛte dadyāt tilān ca anvavakīrayet
tasmāt parivṛte dadyāt tilān ca anvavakīrayet
15.
śvānaḥ ca paṅktidūṣāḥ ca kathaṃcana na avekṣeran
tasmāt parivṛte tilān ca dadyāt anvavakīrayet
tasmāt parivṛte tilān ca dadyāt anvavakīrayet
15.
Dogs and those who defile the sacred gathering should under no circumstances be allowed to see it. Therefore, one should make the offering in an enclosed space and scatter sesame seeds around.
तिलादाने च क्रव्यादा ये च क्रोधवशा गणाः ।
यातुधानाः पिशाचाश्च विप्रलुम्पन्ति तद्धविः ॥१६॥
यातुधानाः पिशाचाश्च विप्रलुम्पन्ति तद्धविः ॥१६॥
16. tilādāne ca kravyādā ye ca krodhavaśā gaṇāḥ ,
yātudhānāḥ piśācāśca vipralumpanti taddhaviḥ.
yātudhānāḥ piśācāśca vipralumpanti taddhaviḥ.
16.
tilādāne ca kravyādāḥ ye ca krodhavaśāḥ gaṇāḥ
yātudhānāḥ piśācāḥ ca vipralumpanti tat haviḥ
yātudhānāḥ piśācāḥ ca vipralumpanti tat haviḥ
16.
tilādāne ca kravyādāḥ ye ca krodhavaśāḥ gaṇāḥ
yātudhānāḥ ca piśācāḥ tat haviḥ vipralumpanti
yātudhānāḥ ca piśācāḥ tat haviḥ vipralumpanti
16.
And during the offering of sesame seeds, flesh-eaters, those hordes governed by wrath, yātudhānas, and piśācas, plunder that oblation.
यावद्ध्यपङ्क्त्यः पङ्क्त्यां वै भुञ्जानाननुपश्यति ।
तावत्फलाद्भ्रंशयति दातारं तस्य बालिशम् ॥१७॥
तावत्फलाद्भ्रंशयति दातारं तस्य बालिशम् ॥१७॥
17. yāvaddhyapaṅktyaḥ paṅktyāṁ vai bhuñjānānanupaśyati ,
tāvatphalādbhraṁśayati dātāraṁ tasya bāliśam.
tāvatphalādbhraṁśayati dātāraṁ tasya bāliśam.
17.
yāvat hi apaṅktyaḥ paṅktyām vai bhuñjānān anupaśyati
tāvat phalāt bhraṃśayati dātāram tasya bāliśam
tāvat phalāt bhraṃśayati dātāram tasya bāliśam
17.
yāvat hi apaṅktyaḥ vai paṅktyām bhuñjānān anupaśyati
tāvat tasya bāliśam dātāram phalāt bhraṃśayati
tāvat tasya bāliśam dātāram phalāt bhraṃśayati
17.
Indeed, as long as an individual unfit for the ritual row sees those who are eating in it, for so long does he deprive that foolish patron of the merit of his offering.
इमे तु भरतश्रेष्ठ विज्ञेयाः पङ्क्तिपावनाः ।
ये त्वतस्तान्प्रवक्ष्यामि परीक्षस्वेह तान्द्विजान् ॥१८॥
ये त्वतस्तान्प्रवक्ष्यामि परीक्षस्वेह तान्द्विजान् ॥१८॥
18. ime tu bharataśreṣṭha vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ ,
ye tvatastānpravakṣyāmi parīkṣasveha tāndvijān.
ye tvatastānpravakṣyāmi parīkṣasveha tāndvijān.
18.
ime tu bharataśreṣṭha vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ ye
tu ataḥ tān pravakṣyāmi parīkṣasva iha tān dvijān
tu ataḥ tān pravakṣyāmi parīkṣasva iha tān dvijān
18.
bharataśreṣṭha tu ime paṅktipāvanāḥ vijñeyāḥ ye
tu ataḥ tān pravakṣyāmi iha tān dvijān parīkṣasva
tu ataḥ tān pravakṣyāmi iha tān dvijān parīkṣasva
18.
But these, O best of Bharatas, are to be understood as purifiers of the ritual assembly. I shall now declare who they are; you should carefully examine those brāhmaṇas here.
वेदविद्याव्रतस्नाता ब्राह्मणाः सर्व एव हि ।
पाङ्क्तेयान्यांस्तु वक्ष्यामि ज्ञेयास्ते पङ्क्तिपावनाः ॥१९॥
पाङ्क्तेयान्यांस्तु वक्ष्यामि ज्ञेयास्ते पङ्क्तिपावनाः ॥१९॥
19. vedavidyāvratasnātā brāhmaṇāḥ sarva eva hi ,
pāṅkteyānyāṁstu vakṣyāmi jñeyāste paṅktipāvanāḥ.
pāṅkteyānyāṁstu vakṣyāmi jñeyāste paṅktipāvanāḥ.
19.
veda-vidyā-vrata-snātāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ sarva eva hi
pāṅkteyān anyān tu vakṣyāmi jñeyāḥ te paṅkti-pāvanāḥ
pāṅkteyān anyān tu vakṣyāmi jñeyāḥ te paṅkti-pāvanāḥ
19.
hi sarva brāhmaṇāḥ veda-vidyā-vrata-snātāḥ eva tu
anyān pāṅkteyān te paṅkti-pāvanāḥ jñeyāḥ vakṣyāmi
anyān pāṅkteyān te paṅkti-pāvanāḥ jñeyāḥ vakṣyāmi
19.
Indeed, all brahmins are those who have completed their Vedic studies and sacred observances (vrata). However, I will now speak of others who are to be recognized as worthy guests at a ceremonial meal and purifiers of the assembly.
त्रिणाचिकेतः पञ्चाग्निस्त्रिसुपर्णः षडङ्गवित् ।
ब्रह्मदेयानुसंतानश्छन्दोगो ज्येष्ठसामगः ॥२०॥
ब्रह्मदेयानुसंतानश्छन्दोगो ज्येष्ठसामगः ॥२०॥
20. triṇāciketaḥ pañcāgnistrisuparṇaḥ ṣaḍaṅgavit ,
brahmadeyānusaṁtānaśchandogo jyeṣṭhasāmagaḥ.
brahmadeyānusaṁtānaśchandogo jyeṣṭhasāmagaḥ.
20.
tri-ṇāciketaḥ pañca-agniḥ tri-suparṇaḥ ṣaṭ-aṅga-vit
brahma-deya-anu-saṃtānaḥ chandogaḥ jyeṣṭha-sāmagaḥ
brahma-deya-anu-saṃtānaḥ chandogaḥ jyeṣṭha-sāmagaḥ
20.
tri-ṇāciketaḥ pañca-agniḥ tri-suparṇaḥ ṣaṭ-aṅga-vit
brahma-deya-anu-saṃtānaḥ chandogaḥ jyeṣṭha-sāmagaḥ
brahma-deya-anu-saṃtānaḥ chandogaḥ jyeṣṭha-sāmagaḥ
20.
He who has performed the three Nāciketa Vedic rituals (yajña), maintains the five sacred fires, understands the three Suparṇa hymns, is conversant with the six auxiliary branches (aṅga) of the Vedas, has an unbroken lineage from a wife gifted as a Brahmin bride (brahmadeya), is a chanter of the Sāma Veda, and performs the foremost Sāma chants.
मातापित्रोर्यश्च वश्यः श्रोत्रियो दशपूरुषः ।
ऋतुकालाभिगामी च धर्मपत्नीषु यः सदा ।
वेदविद्याव्रतस्नातो विप्रः पङ्क्तिं पुनात्युत ॥२१॥
ऋतुकालाभिगामी च धर्मपत्नीषु यः सदा ।
वेदविद्याव्रतस्नातो विप्रः पङ्क्तिं पुनात्युत ॥२१॥
21. mātāpitroryaśca vaśyaḥ śrotriyo daśapūruṣaḥ ,
ṛtukālābhigāmī ca dharmapatnīṣu yaḥ sadā ,
vedavidyāvratasnāto vipraḥ paṅktiṁ punātyuta.
ṛtukālābhigāmī ca dharmapatnīṣu yaḥ sadā ,
vedavidyāvratasnāto vipraḥ paṅktiṁ punātyuta.
21.
mātā-pitroḥ yaḥ ca vaśyaḥ śrotriyaḥ
daśa-pūruṣaḥ ṛtu-kāla-abhigāmī ca
dharma-patnīṣu yaḥ sadā
veda-vidyā-vrata-snātaḥ vipraḥ paṅktim punāti uta
daśa-pūruṣaḥ ṛtu-kāla-abhigāmī ca
dharma-patnīṣu yaḥ sadā
veda-vidyā-vrata-snātaḥ vipraḥ paṅktim punāti uta
21.
ca uta yaḥ mātā-pitroḥ vaśyaḥ śrotriyaḥ
daśa-pūruṣaḥ ca yaḥ sadā
dharma-patnīṣu ṛtu-kāla-abhigāmī
veda-vidyā-vrata-snātaḥ vipraḥ paṅktim punāti
daśa-pūruṣaḥ ca yaḥ sadā
dharma-patnīṣu ṛtu-kāla-abhigāmī
veda-vidyā-vrata-snātaḥ vipraḥ paṅktim punāti
21.
And furthermore, a Brahmin who is obedient to his mother and father, a learned (śrotriya) one with a pure lineage spanning ten generations, who always approaches his lawful wives (dharma-patnī) during the fertile period, and who has completed his Vedic studies and sacred observances (vrata) - such a Brahmin (vipra) indeed purifies the assembly.
अथर्वशिरसोऽध्येता ब्रह्मचारी यतव्रतः ।
सत्यवादी धर्मशीलः स्वकर्मनिरतश्च यः ॥२२॥
सत्यवादी धर्मशीलः स्वकर्मनिरतश्च यः ॥२२॥
22. atharvaśiraso'dhyetā brahmacārī yatavrataḥ ,
satyavādī dharmaśīlaḥ svakarmanirataśca yaḥ.
satyavādī dharmaśīlaḥ svakarmanirataśca yaḥ.
22.
atharva-śirasaḥ adhyetā brahmacārī yata-vrataḥ
satya-vādī dharma-śīlaḥ sva-karma-nirataḥ ca yaḥ
satya-vādī dharma-śīlaḥ sva-karma-nirataḥ ca yaḥ
22.
yaḥ atharva-śirasaḥ adhyetā brahmacārī yata-vrataḥ
satya-vādī dharma-śīlaḥ ca sva-karma-nirataḥ
satya-vādī dharma-śīlaḥ ca sva-karma-nirataḥ
22.
And he who studies the Atharvaśiras (Upaniṣad), maintains celibacy (brahmacārī) and strict vows (vrata), speaks the truth, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is virtuous conduct, and who is dedicated to his prescribed duties (sva-karma).
ये च पुण्येषु तीर्थेषु अभिषेककृतश्रमाः ।
मखेषु च समन्त्रेषु भवन्त्यवभृथाप्लुताः ॥२३॥
मखेषु च समन्त्रेषु भवन्त्यवभृथाप्लुताः ॥२३॥
23. ye ca puṇyeṣu tīrtheṣu abhiṣekakṛtaśramāḥ ,
makheṣu ca samantreṣu bhavantyavabhṛthāplutāḥ.
makheṣu ca samantreṣu bhavantyavabhṛthāplutāḥ.
23.
ye ca puṇyeṣu tīrtheṣu abhiṣekakṛtaśramāḥ
makheṣu ca samantreṣu bhavanti avabhṛthāplutāḥ
makheṣu ca samantreṣu bhavanti avabhṛthāplutāḥ
23.
ye ca puṇyeṣu tīrtheṣu abhiṣekakṛtaśramāḥ ca
samantreṣu makheṣu avabhṛthāplutāḥ bhavanti
samantreṣu makheṣu avabhṛthāplutāḥ bhavanti
23.
Those who undertake the effort of bathing in sacred pilgrimage sites, and who perform the concluding purification bath (avabhṛtha) in Vedic rituals (yajña) accompanied by mantras.
अक्रोधना अचपलाः क्षान्ता दान्ता जितेन्द्रियाः ।
सर्वभूतहिता ये च श्राद्धेष्वेतान्निमन्त्रयेत् ।
एतेषु दत्तमक्षय्यमेते वै पङ्क्तिपावनाः ॥२४॥
सर्वभूतहिता ये च श्राद्धेष्वेतान्निमन्त्रयेत् ।
एतेषु दत्तमक्षय्यमेते वै पङ्क्तिपावनाः ॥२४॥
24. akrodhanā acapalāḥ kṣāntā dāntā jitendriyāḥ ,
sarvabhūtahitā ye ca śrāddheṣvetānnimantrayet ,
eteṣu dattamakṣayyamete vai paṅktipāvanāḥ.
sarvabhūtahitā ye ca śrāddheṣvetānnimantrayet ,
eteṣu dattamakṣayyamete vai paṅktipāvanāḥ.
24.
akrodhanāḥ acapalāḥ kṣāntāḥ dāntāḥ
jitendriyāḥ sarvabhūtahitāḥ ye ca
śrāddheṣu etān nimantrayet eteṣu
dattam akṣayyam ete vai paṅktipāvanāḥ
jitendriyāḥ sarvabhūtahitāḥ ye ca
śrāddheṣu etān nimantrayet eteṣu
dattam akṣayyam ete vai paṅktipāvanāḥ
24.
ye ca akrodhanāḥ acapalāḥ kṣāntāḥ
dāntāḥ jitendriyāḥ sarvabhūtahitāḥ
etān śrāddheṣu nimantrayet eteṣu
dattam akṣayyam ete vai paṅktipāvanāḥ
dāntāḥ jitendriyāḥ sarvabhūtahitāḥ
etān śrāddheṣu nimantrayet eteṣu
dattam akṣayyam ete vai paṅktipāvanāḥ
24.
Those who are not angry, not fickle, patient, self-controlled, with subdued senses, and beneficial to all beings – one should invite these in ancestral rituals (śrāddha). What is given to such people is indeed imperishable; they are indeed purifiers of the assembly.
इमे परे महाराज विज्ञेयाः पङ्क्तिपावनाः ।
यतयो मोक्षधर्मज्ञा योगाः सुचरितव्रताः ॥२५॥
यतयो मोक्षधर्मज्ञा योगाः सुचरितव्रताः ॥२५॥
25. ime pare mahārāja vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ ,
yatayo mokṣadharmajñā yogāḥ sucaritavratāḥ.
yatayo mokṣadharmajñā yogāḥ sucaritavratāḥ.
25.
ime pare mahārāja vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ
yatayaḥ mokṣadharmajñāḥ yogāḥ sucaritavratāḥ
yatayaḥ mokṣadharmajñāḥ yogāḥ sucaritavratāḥ
25.
mahārāja ime pare paṅktipāvanāḥ vijñeyāḥ
yatayaḥ mokṣadharmajñāḥ yogāḥ sucaritavratāḥ
yatayaḥ mokṣadharmajñāḥ yogāḥ sucaritavratāḥ
25.
O great king, these others should be known as purifiers of the assembly: ascetics (yati) who understand the principles of liberation (mokṣadharma), and yogis (yoga) who have observed excellent vows.
ये चेतिहासं प्रयताः श्रावयन्ति द्विजोत्तमान् ।
ये च भाष्यविदः केचिद्ये च व्याकरणे रताः ॥२६॥
ये च भाष्यविदः केचिद्ये च व्याकरणे रताः ॥२६॥
26. ye cetihāsaṁ prayatāḥ śrāvayanti dvijottamān ,
ye ca bhāṣyavidaḥ kecidye ca vyākaraṇe ratāḥ.
ye ca bhāṣyavidaḥ kecidye ca vyākaraṇe ratāḥ.
26.
ye ca itihāsam prayatāḥ śrāvayanti dvijottamān
ye ca bhāṣyavidaḥ kecit ye ca vyākaraṇe ratāḥ
ye ca bhāṣyavidaḥ kecit ye ca vyākaraṇe ratāḥ
26.
ye ca prayatāḥ itihāsam dvijottamān śrāvayanti
ye ca kecit bhāṣyavidaḥ ye ca vyākaraṇe ratāḥ
ye ca kecit bhāṣyavidaḥ ye ca vyākaraṇe ratāḥ
26.
And those who diligently narrate the epic (itihāsa) to the most eminent Brahmins, and some who are experts in commentaries, and those who are devoted to grammar.
अधीयते पुराणं ये धर्मशास्त्राण्यथापि च ।
अधीत्य च यथान्यायं विधिवत्तस्य कारिणः ॥२७॥
अधीत्य च यथान्यायं विधिवत्तस्य कारिणः ॥२७॥
27. adhīyate purāṇaṁ ye dharmaśāstrāṇyathāpi ca ,
adhītya ca yathānyāyaṁ vidhivattasya kāriṇaḥ.
adhītya ca yathānyāyaṁ vidhivattasya kāriṇaḥ.
27.
adhīyate purāṇam ye dharmaśāstrāṇi atha api ca
adhītya ca yathānyāyam vidhivat tasya kāriṇaḥ
adhītya ca yathānyāyam vidhivat tasya kāriṇaḥ
27.
ye purāṇam atha api ca dharmaśāstrāṇi adhīyate
ca yathānyāyam vidhivat adhītya tasya kāriṇaḥ
ca yathānyāyam vidhivat adhītya tasya kāriṇaḥ
27.
Those who study the Purāṇas and also the treatises on natural law (dharmaśāstra), and having properly studied them according to custom, become practitioners of those principles.
उपपन्नो गुरुकुले सत्यवादी सहस्रदः ।
अग्र्यः सर्वेषु वेदेषु सर्वप्रवचनेषु च ॥२८॥
अग्र्यः सर्वेषु वेदेषु सर्वप्रवचनेषु च ॥२८॥
28. upapanno gurukule satyavādī sahasradaḥ ,
agryaḥ sarveṣu vedeṣu sarvapravacaneṣu ca.
agryaḥ sarveṣu vedeṣu sarvapravacaneṣu ca.
28.
upapannaḥ gurukule satyavādī sahasradaḥ
agryaḥ sarveṣu vedeṣu sarvapravacaneṣu ca
agryaḥ sarveṣu vedeṣu sarvapravacaneṣu ca
28.
(yaḥ) gurukule upapannaḥ satyavādī sahasradaḥ ca sarveṣu
vedeṣu sarvapravacaneṣu agryaḥ (saḥ paṅktipāvanaḥ)
vedeṣu sarvapravacaneṣu agryaḥ (saḥ paṅktipāvanaḥ)
28.
One who is well-established in a spiritual teacher's (guru) household, a speaker of truth, a giver of thousands (of gifts); preeminent in all sacred texts (Vedas) and in all traditional teachings.
यावदेते प्रपश्यन्ति पङ्क्त्यास्तावत्पुनन्त्युत ।
ततो हि पावनात्पङ्क्त्याः पङ्क्तिपावन उच्यते ॥२९॥
ततो हि पावनात्पङ्क्त्याः पङ्क्तिपावन उच्यते ॥२९॥
29. yāvadete prapaśyanti paṅktyāstāvatpunantyuta ,
tato hi pāvanātpaṅktyāḥ paṅktipāvana ucyate.
tato hi pāvanātpaṅktyāḥ paṅktipāvana ucyate.
29.
yāvat ete prapaśyanti paṅktyāḥ tāvat punanti uta
tataḥ hi pāvanāt paṅktyāḥ paṅktipāvanaḥ ucyate
tataḥ hi pāvanāt paṅktyāḥ paṅktipāvanaḥ ucyate
29.
yāvat ete paṅktyāḥ prapaśyanti tāvat uta punanti
tataḥ hi pāvanāt paṅktyāḥ paṅktipāvanaḥ ucyate
tataḥ hi pāvanāt paṅktyāḥ paṅktipāvanaḥ ucyate
29.
As far as these (men described) are present in the line (of diners), so far do they purify it. Therefore, indeed, because of purifying the line, such a person is called a 'purifier of the line' (paṅktipāvana).
क्रोशादर्धतृतीयात्तु पावयेदेक एव हि ।
ब्रह्मदेयानुसंतान इति ब्रह्मविदो विदुः ॥३०॥
ब्रह्मदेयानुसंतान इति ब्रह्मविदो विदुः ॥३०॥
30. krośādardhatṛtīyāttu pāvayedeka eva hi ,
brahmadeyānusaṁtāna iti brahmavido viduḥ.
brahmadeyānusaṁtāna iti brahmavido viduḥ.
30.
krośāt ardhatṛtīyāt tu pāvayeta ekaḥ eva hi
brahmadeyānusaṃtānaḥ iti brahmavidaḥ viduḥ
brahmadeyānusaṃtānaḥ iti brahmavidaḥ viduḥ
30.
ekaḥ eva hi krośāt ardhatṛtīyāt tu pāvayeta
brahmadeyānusaṃtānaḥ iti brahmavidaḥ viduḥ
brahmadeyānusaṃtānaḥ iti brahmavidaḥ viduḥ
30.
Indeed, just one (such person) could purify (an area extending) for two and a half krośas. Those who know the ultimate reality (brahman) understand him to be a continuation of Brahmā's gift.
अनृत्विगनुपाध्यायः स चेदग्रासनं व्रजेत् ।
ऋत्विग्भिरननुज्ञातः पङ्क्त्या हरति दुष्कृतम् ॥३१॥
ऋत्विग्भिरननुज्ञातः पङ्क्त्या हरति दुष्कृतम् ॥३१॥
31. anṛtviganupādhyāyaḥ sa cedagrāsanaṁ vrajet ,
ṛtvigbhirananujñātaḥ paṅktyā harati duṣkṛtam.
ṛtvigbhirananujñātaḥ paṅktyā harati duṣkṛtam.
31.
anṛtvik anupādhyāyaḥ saḥ cet agrāsanam vrajet
ṛtvigbhiḥ ananujñātaḥ paṅktyā harati duṣkṛtam
ṛtvigbhiḥ ananujñātaḥ paṅktyā harati duṣkṛtam
31.
saḥ anṛtvik anupādhyāyaḥ cet agrāsanam ṛtvigbhiḥ
ananujñātaḥ vrajet paṅktyā duṣkṛtam harati
ananujñātaḥ vrajet paṅktyā duṣkṛtam harati
31.
If a person, not being a ritual priest (ṛtvik) or a teacher, occupies the foremost seat without the permission of the officiating priests, he takes away the merit of the entire row of guests.
अथ चेद्वेदवित्सर्वैः पङ्क्तिदोषैर्विवर्जितः ।
न च स्यात्पतितो राजन्पङ्क्तिपावन एव सः ॥३२॥
न च स्यात्पतितो राजन्पङ्क्तिपावन एव सः ॥३२॥
32. atha cedvedavitsarvaiḥ paṅktidoṣairvivarjitaḥ ,
na ca syātpatito rājanpaṅktipāvana eva saḥ.
na ca syātpatito rājanpaṅktipāvana eva saḥ.
32.
atha cet vedavit sarvaiḥ paṅktidoṣaiḥ vivarjitaḥ
na ca syāt patitaḥ rājan paṅktipāvanaḥ eva saḥ
na ca syāt patitaḥ rājan paṅktipāvanaḥ eva saḥ
32.
atha rājan cet vedavit sarvaiḥ paṅktidoṣaiḥ
vivarjitaḥ ca patitaḥ na syāt saḥ eva paṅktipāvanaḥ
vivarjitaḥ ca patitaḥ na syāt saḥ eva paṅktipāvanaḥ
32.
But if, O king, a knower of the Vedas is free from all defects that might affect the assembly (paṅkti), and he is not a fallen person, then he is indeed a purifier of the assembly.
तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन परीक्ष्यामन्त्रयेद्द्विजान् ।
स्वकर्मनिरतान्दान्तान्कुले जातान्बहुश्रुतान् ॥३३॥
स्वकर्मनिरतान्दान्तान्कुले जातान्बहुश्रुतान् ॥३३॥
33. tasmātsarvaprayatnena parīkṣyāmantrayeddvijān ,
svakarmaniratāndāntānkule jātānbahuśrutān.
svakarmaniratāndāntānkule jātānbahuśrutān.
33.
tasmāt sarvaprayatnena parīkṣya āmantrayet dvijān
svakarmaniratān dāntān kule jātān bahuśrutān
svakarmaniratān dāntān kule jātān bahuśrutān
33.
tasmāt sarvaprayatnena parīkṣya svakarmaniratān
dāntān kule jātān bahuśrutān dvijān āmantrayet
dāntān kule jātān bahuśrutān dvijān āmantrayet
33.
Therefore, one should make every effort to thoroughly examine and then invite Brahmins (dvija) who are diligently devoted to their proper duties (dharma), are self-controlled, come from good families, and are highly learned.
यस्य मित्रप्रधानानि श्राद्धानि च हवींषि च ।
न प्रीणाति पितॄन्देवान्स्वर्गं च न स गच्छति ॥३४॥
न प्रीणाति पितॄन्देवान्स्वर्गं च न स गच्छति ॥३४॥
34. yasya mitrapradhānāni śrāddhāni ca havīṁṣi ca ,
na prīṇāti pitṝndevānsvargaṁ ca na sa gacchati.
na prīṇāti pitṝndevānsvargaṁ ca na sa gacchati.
34.
yasya mitrapradhānāni śrāddhāni ca havīṃṣi ca na
prīṇāti pitṝn devān svargam ca na saḥ gacchati
prīṇāti pitṝn devān svargam ca na saḥ gacchati
34.
yasya śrāddhāni ca havīṃṣi ca mitrapradhānāni
saḥ pitṝn devān na prīṇāti ca svargam na gacchati
saḥ pitṝn devān na prīṇāti ca svargam na gacchati
34.
The person whose ancestral rites (śrāddha) and oblations (haviṣ) are predominantly offered to friends does not satisfy the ancestors (pitṛ) or the gods (deva), nor does he attain heaven (svarga).
यश्च श्राद्धे कुरुते संगतानि न देवयानेन पथा स याति ।
स वै मुक्तः पिप्पलं बन्धनाद्वा स्वर्गाल्लोकाच्च्यवते श्राद्धमित्रः ॥३५॥
स वै मुक्तः पिप्पलं बन्धनाद्वा स्वर्गाल्लोकाच्च्यवते श्राद्धमित्रः ॥३५॥
35. yaśca śrāddhe kurute saṁgatāni; na devayānena pathā sa yāti ,
sa vai muktaḥ pippalaṁ bandhanādvā; svargāllokāccyavate śrāddhamitraḥ.
sa vai muktaḥ pippalaṁ bandhanādvā; svargāllokāccyavate śrāddhamitraḥ.
35.
yaḥ ca śrāddhe kurute saṅgatāni na
devayānena pathā saḥ yāti | saḥ
vai muktaḥ pippalam bandhanāt vā
svargāt lokāt cyavate śrāddhamitraḥ
devayānena pathā saḥ yāti | saḥ
vai muktaḥ pippalam bandhanāt vā
svargāt lokāt cyavate śrāddhamitraḥ
35.
yaḥ ca śrāddhe saṅgatāni kurute
saḥ devayānena pathā na yāti saḥ
śrāddhamitraḥ vai bandhanāt muktaḥ
pippalam vā svargāt lokāt cyavate
saḥ devayānena pathā na yāti saḥ
śrāddhamitraḥ vai bandhanāt muktaḥ
pippalam vā svargāt lokāt cyavate
35.
Whoever organizes social gatherings during a śrāddha (ancestral ritual) does not travel on the path of the gods (devayāna). Indeed, such a person, who treats friends as śrāddha guests, is deprived of the fruit (pippala) of liberation from bondage and falls from the heavenly worlds.
तस्मान्मित्रं श्राद्धकृन्नाद्रियेत दद्यान्मित्रेभ्यः संग्रहार्थं धनानि ।
यं मन्यते नैव शत्रुं न मित्रं तं मध्यस्थं भोजयेद्धव्यकव्ये ॥३६॥
यं मन्यते नैव शत्रुं न मित्रं तं मध्यस्थं भोजयेद्धव्यकव्ये ॥३६॥
36. tasmānmitraṁ śrāddhakṛnnādriyeta; dadyānmitrebhyaḥ saṁgrahārthaṁ dhanāni ,
yaṁ manyate naiva śatruṁ na mitraṁ; taṁ madhyasthaṁ bhojayeddhavyakavye.
yaṁ manyate naiva śatruṁ na mitraṁ; taṁ madhyasthaṁ bhojayeddhavyakavye.
36.
tasmāt mitram śrāddhakṛt na ādriyeta
dadyāt mitrebhyaḥ saṅgrahārtham dhanāni
| yam manyate na eva śatrum na mitram
tam madhyastham bhojayet havya kavye
dadyāt mitrebhyaḥ saṅgrahārtham dhanāni
| yam manyate na eva śatrum na mitram
tam madhyastham bhojayet havya kavye
36.
tasmāt śrāddhakṛt mitram na ādriyeta
mitrebhyaḥ saṅgrahārtham dhanāni dadyāt
yam śatrum na eva mitram na manyate
tam madhyastham havya kavye bhojayet
mitrebhyaḥ saṅgrahārtham dhanāni dadyāt
yam śatrum na eva mitram na manyate
tam madhyastham havya kavye bhojayet
36.
Therefore, the performer of a śrāddha (ancestral ritual) should not show special regard to a friend (as a guest). Instead, one should give wealth to friends for their support. One should feed in the ritual offerings (havya and kavya) that neutral person whom one considers neither an enemy nor a close friend.
यथोषरे बीजमुप्तं न रोहेन्न चास्योप्ता प्राप्नुयाद्बीजभागम् ।
एवं श्राद्धं भुक्तमनर्हमाणैर्न चेह नामुत्र फलं ददाति ॥३७॥
एवं श्राद्धं भुक्तमनर्हमाणैर्न चेह नामुत्र फलं ददाति ॥३७॥
37. yathoṣare bījamuptaṁ na rohe;nna cāsyoptā prāpnuyādbījabhāgam ,
evaṁ śrāddhaṁ bhuktamanarhamāṇai;rna ceha nāmutra phalaṁ dadāti.
evaṁ śrāddhaṁ bhuktamanarhamāṇai;rna ceha nāmutra phalaṁ dadāti.
37.
yathā ūṣare bījam uptam na rohet na
ca asya uptā prāpnuyāt bījabhāgam
| evam śrāddham bhuktam anarhāmāṇaiḥ
na ca iha na amutra phalam dadāti
ca asya uptā prāpnuyāt bījabhāgam
| evam śrāddham bhuktam anarhāmāṇaiḥ
na ca iha na amutra phalam dadāti
37.
yathā ūṣare uptam bījam na rohet ca
asya uptā bījabhāgam na prāpnuyāt
evam anarhāmāṇaiḥ bhuktam śrāddham
ca iha na amutra phalam na dadāti
asya uptā bījabhāgam na prāpnuyāt
evam anarhāmāṇaiḥ bhuktam śrāddham
ca iha na amutra phalam na dadāti
37.
Just as seed sown in barren land does not grow, and its sower does not obtain a share of the seed. Similarly, a śrāddha (ancestral ritual) eaten by unworthy people yields no fruit in this world or the next.
ब्राह्मणो ह्यनधीयानस्तृणाग्निरिव शाम्यति ।
तस्मै श्राद्धं न दातव्यं न हि भस्मनि हूयते ॥३८॥
तस्मै श्राद्धं न दातव्यं न हि भस्मनि हूयते ॥३८॥
38. brāhmaṇo hyanadhīyānastṛṇāgniriva śāmyati ,
tasmai śrāddhaṁ na dātavyaṁ na hi bhasmani hūyate.
tasmai śrāddhaṁ na dātavyaṁ na hi bhasmani hūyate.
38.
brāhmaṇaḥ hi anadhīyānaḥ tṛṇāgniḥ iva śāmyati |
tasmai śrāddham na dātavyam na hi bhasmani hūyate
tasmai śrāddham na dātavyam na hi bhasmani hūyate
38.
hi anadhīyānaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ tṛṇāgniḥ iva śāmyati
tasmai śrāddham na dātavyam hi bhasmani na hūyate
tasmai śrāddham na dātavyam hi bhasmani na hūyate
38.
Indeed, a Brahmin who does not study (the Vedas) subsides like a fire made of grass. To such a one, a śrāddha (ancestral ritual) should not be given, for it is not offered into ashes.
संभोजनी नाम पिशाचदक्षिणा सा नैव देवान्न पितॄनुपैति ।
इहैव सा भ्राम्यति क्षीणपुण्या शालान्तरे गौरिव नष्टवत्सा ॥३९॥
इहैव सा भ्राम्यति क्षीणपुण्या शालान्तरे गौरिव नष्टवत्सा ॥३९॥
39. saṁbhojanī nāma piśācadakṣiṇā; sā naiva devānna pitṝnupaiti ,
ihaiva sā bhrāmyati kṣīṇapuṇyā; śālāntare gauriva naṣṭavatsā.
ihaiva sā bhrāmyati kṣīṇapuṇyā; śālāntare gauriva naṣṭavatsā.
39.
saṃbhojanī nāma piśācadakṣiṇā sā
na eva devān na pitṝn upaiti
| iha eva sā bhrāmyati kṣīṇapuṇyā
śālāntare gauḥ iva naṣṭavatsā
na eva devān na pitṝn upaiti
| iha eva sā bhrāmyati kṣīṇapuṇyā
śālāntare gauḥ iva naṣṭavatsā
39.
saṃbhojanī nāma piśācadakṣiṇā sā devān na eva upaiti,
pitṝn na upaiti sā kṣīṇapuṇyā naṣṭavatsā gauḥ iva śālāntare iha eva bhrāmyati
pitṝn na upaiti sā kṣīṇapuṇyā naṣṭavatsā gauḥ iva śālāntare iha eva bhrāmyati
39.
That communal feast, called a 'goblin's offering', neither reaches the gods nor the ancestors. Instead, she, with her merit depleted, wanders here in this very enclosure, like a cow that has lost its calf.
यथाग्नौ शान्ते घृतमाजुहोति तन्नैव देवान्न पितॄनुपैति ।
तथा दत्तं नर्तने गायने च यां चानृचे दक्षिणामावृणोति ॥४०॥
तथा दत्तं नर्तने गायने च यां चानृचे दक्षिणामावृणोति ॥४०॥
40. yathāgnau śānte ghṛtamājuhoti; tannaiva devānna pitṝnupaiti ,
tathā dattaṁ nartane gāyane ca; yāṁ cānṛce dakṣiṇāmāvṛṇoti.
tathā dattaṁ nartane gāyane ca; yāṁ cānṛce dakṣiṇāmāvṛṇoti.
40.
yathā agnau śānte ghṛtam ā juhoti
tat na eva devān na pitṝn upaiti
| tathā dattam nartane gāyane
ca yām ca anṛce dakṣiṇām āvṛṇoti
tat na eva devān na pitṝn upaiti
| tathā dattam nartane gāyane
ca yām ca anṛce dakṣiṇām āvṛṇoti
40.
yathā śānte agnau ghṛtam ā juhoti,
tat devān na eva upaiti,
pitṝn na upaiti tathā nartane gāyane ca dattam,
ca yām anṛce dakṣiṇām āvṛṇoti (sā api na upaiti)
tat devān na eva upaiti,
pitṝn na upaiti tathā nartane gāyane ca dattam,
ca yām anṛce dakṣiṇām āvṛṇoti (sā api na upaiti)
40.
Just as an offering of clarified butter poured into an extinguished fire reaches neither the gods nor the ancestors, similarly, that which is given for dancing and singing, and the offering (dakṣiṇā) bestowed upon one not versed in Vedic lore (anṛce), also does not reach them.
उभौ हिनस्ति न भुनक्ति चैषा या चानृचे दक्षिणा दीयते वै ।
आघातनी गर्हितैषा पतन्ती तेषां प्रेतान्पातयेद्देवयानात् ॥४१॥
आघातनी गर्हितैषा पतन्ती तेषां प्रेतान्पातयेद्देवयानात् ॥४१॥
41. ubhau hinasti na bhunakti caiṣā; yā cānṛce dakṣiṇā dīyate vai ,
āghātanī garhitaiṣā patantī; teṣāṁ pretānpātayeddevayānāt.
āghātanī garhitaiṣā patantī; teṣāṁ pretānpātayeddevayānāt.
41.
ubhau hinasti na bhunakti ca eṣā
yā ca anṛce dakṣiṇā dīyate vai
| āghātanī garhitā eṣā patantī
teṣām pretān pātayet devayānāt
yā ca anṛce dakṣiṇā dīyate vai
| āghātanī garhitā eṣā patantī
teṣām pretān pātayet devayānāt
41.
yā ca anṛce dakṣiṇā vai dīyate,
eṣā ubhau na hinasti ca na bhunakti eṣā āghātanī garhitā patantī teṣām pretān devayānāt pātayet
eṣā ubhau na hinasti ca na bhunakti eṣā āghātanī garhitā patantī teṣām pretān devayānāt pātayet
41.
That offering (dakṣiṇā) which is given to one not versed in Vedic lore (anṛce) injures both (the giver and recipient) and benefits neither. This despicable, destructive act, leading to downfall, would cast the departed spirits (pretān) of such people away from the path of the gods (devayāna).
ऋषीणां समयं नित्यं ये चरन्ति युधिष्ठिर ।
निश्चिताः सर्वधर्मज्ञास्तान्देवा ब्राह्मणान्विदुः ॥४२॥
निश्चिताः सर्वधर्मज्ञास्तान्देवा ब्राह्मणान्विदुः ॥४२॥
42. ṛṣīṇāṁ samayaṁ nityaṁ ye caranti yudhiṣṭhira ,
niścitāḥ sarvadharmajñāstāndevā brāhmaṇānviduḥ.
niścitāḥ sarvadharmajñāstāndevā brāhmaṇānviduḥ.
42.
ṛṣīṇām samayam nityam ye caranti yudhiṣṭhira |
niścitāḥ sarvadharmajñāḥ tān devāḥ brāhmaṇān viduḥ
niścitāḥ sarvadharmajñāḥ tān devāḥ brāhmaṇān viduḥ
42.
yudhiṣṭhira,
ye ṛṣīṇām samayam nityam caranti,
niścitāḥ sarvadharmajñāḥ tān devāḥ brāhmaṇān viduḥ
ye ṛṣīṇām samayam nityam caranti,
niścitāḥ sarvadharmajñāḥ tān devāḥ brāhmaṇān viduḥ
42.
O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who constantly follow the established conduct (samayam) of the sages, who are resolute and knowledgeable in all aspects of natural law (dharma), them the gods consider to be true brahmins.
स्वाध्यायनिष्ठा ऋषयो ज्ञाननिष्ठास्तथैव च ।
तपोनिष्ठाश्च बोद्धव्याः कर्मनिष्ठाश्च भारत ॥४३॥
तपोनिष्ठाश्च बोद्धव्याः कर्मनिष्ठाश्च भारत ॥४३॥
43. svādhyāyaniṣṭhā ṛṣayo jñānaniṣṭhāstathaiva ca ,
taponiṣṭhāśca boddhavyāḥ karmaniṣṭhāśca bhārata.
taponiṣṭhāśca boddhavyāḥ karmaniṣṭhāśca bhārata.
43.
svādhyāya-niṣṭhāḥ ṛṣayaḥ jñāna-niṣṭhāḥ tathā eva ca
tapaḥ-niṣṭhāḥ ca boddhavyāḥ karma-niṣṭhāḥ ca bhārata
tapaḥ-niṣṭhāḥ ca boddhavyāḥ karma-niṣṭhāḥ ca bhārata
43.
bhārata svādhyāya-niṣṭhāḥ ṛṣayaḥ tathā eva ca
jñāna-niṣṭhāḥ ca tapaḥ-niṣṭhāḥ ca karma-niṣṭhāḥ boddhavyāḥ
jñāna-niṣṭhāḥ ca tapaḥ-niṣṭhāḥ ca karma-niṣṭhāḥ boddhavyāḥ
43.
O Bhārata, the sages who are dedicated to self-study, and likewise those dedicated to knowledge, and those dedicated to ascetic practice (tapas), and those dedicated to action (karma) – all of them should be recognized.
कव्यानि ज्ञाननिष्ठेभ्यः प्रतिष्ठाप्यानि भारत ।
तत्र ये ब्राह्मणाः केचिन्न निन्दति हि ते वराः ॥४४॥
तत्र ये ब्राह्मणाः केचिन्न निन्दति हि ते वराः ॥४४॥
44. kavyāni jñānaniṣṭhebhyaḥ pratiṣṭhāpyāni bhārata ,
tatra ye brāhmaṇāḥ kecinna nindati hi te varāḥ.
tatra ye brāhmaṇāḥ kecinna nindati hi te varāḥ.
44.
kavyāni jñāna-niṣṭhebhyaḥ pratiṣṭhāpyāni bhārata
tatra ye brāhmaṇāḥ kecit na nindati hi te varāḥ
tatra ye brāhmaṇāḥ kecit na nindati hi te varāḥ
44.
bhārata jñāna-niṣṭhebhyaḥ kavyāni pratiṣṭhāpyāni
tatra ye kecit brāhmaṇāḥ na nindati hi te varāḥ
tatra ye kecit brāhmaṇāḥ na nindati hi te varāḥ
44.
O Bhārata, offerings meant for ancestors should be presented to those who are dedicated to knowledge. Among them, those brahmins who do not criticize are indeed excellent.
ये तु निन्दन्ति जल्पेषु न ताञ्श्राद्धेषु भोजयेत् ।
ब्राह्मणा निन्दिता राजन्हन्युस्त्रिपुरुषं कुलम् ॥४५॥
ब्राह्मणा निन्दिता राजन्हन्युस्त्रिपुरुषं कुलम् ॥४५॥
45. ye tu nindanti jalpeṣu na tāñśrāddheṣu bhojayet ,
brāhmaṇā ninditā rājanhanyustripuruṣaṁ kulam.
brāhmaṇā ninditā rājanhanyustripuruṣaṁ kulam.
45.
ye tu nindanti jalpeṣu na tān śrāddheṣu bhojayet
brāhmaṇāḥ ninditāḥ rājan hanyūḥ tri-puruṣam kulam
brāhmaṇāḥ ninditāḥ rājan hanyūḥ tri-puruṣam kulam
45.
ye tu jalpeṣu nindanti tān śrāddheṣu na bhojayet
rājan ninditāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ tri-puruṣam kulam hanyūḥ
rājan ninditāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ tri-puruṣam kulam hanyūḥ
45.
But those who criticize in discussions should not be fed during ancestral rites (śrāddha). O king, brahmins who have been criticized would destroy a family for three generations.
वैखानसानां वचनमृषीणां श्रूयते नृप ।
दूरादेव परीक्षेत ब्राह्मणान्वेदपारगान् ।
प्रियान्वा यदि वा द्वेष्यांस्तेषु तच्छ्राद्धमावपेत् ॥४६॥
दूरादेव परीक्षेत ब्राह्मणान्वेदपारगान् ।
प्रियान्वा यदि वा द्वेष्यांस्तेषु तच्छ्राद्धमावपेत् ॥४६॥
46. vaikhānasānāṁ vacanamṛṣīṇāṁ śrūyate nṛpa ,
dūrādeva parīkṣeta brāhmaṇānvedapāragān ,
priyānvā yadi vā dveṣyāṁsteṣu tacchrāddhamāvapet.
dūrādeva parīkṣeta brāhmaṇānvedapāragān ,
priyānvā yadi vā dveṣyāṁsteṣu tacchrāddhamāvapet.
46.
vaikhānasānām vacanam ṛṣīṇām śrūyate
nṛpa dūrāt eva parīkṣeta
brāhmaṇān veda-pāragān priyān vā yadi
vā dveṣyān teṣu tat śrāddham āvapet
nṛpa dūrāt eva parīkṣeta
brāhmaṇān veda-pāragān priyān vā yadi
vā dveṣyān teṣu tat śrāddham āvapet
46.
nṛpa vaikhānasānām ṛṣīṇām vacanam
śrūyate dūrāt eva veda-pāragān
brāhmaṇān parīkṣeta priyān vā yadi
vā dveṣyān teṣu tat śrāddham āvapet
śrūyate dūrāt eva veda-pāragān
brāhmaṇān parīkṣeta priyān vā yadi
vā dveṣyān teṣu tat śrāddham āvapet
46.
O king, the saying of the Vaikhānasa forest hermits (muni) and sages (ṛṣi) is heard: one should examine brahmins who have mastered the Vedas from a distance. Whether they are agreeable or disagreeable, one should offer that ancestral rite (śrāddha) to them.
यः सहस्रं सहस्राणां भोजयेदनृचां नरः ।
एकस्तान्मन्त्रवित्प्रीतः सर्वानर्हति भारत ॥४७॥
एकस्तान्मन्त्रवित्प्रीतः सर्वानर्हति भारत ॥४७॥
47. yaḥ sahasraṁ sahasrāṇāṁ bhojayedanṛcāṁ naraḥ ,
ekastānmantravitprītaḥ sarvānarhati bhārata.
ekastānmantravitprītaḥ sarvānarhati bhārata.
47.
yaḥ sahasram sahasrāṇām bhojayet anṛcām naraḥ
ekaḥ tān mantravit prītaḥ sarvān arhati bhārata
ekaḥ tān mantravit prītaḥ sarvān arhati bhārata
47.
bhārata yaḥ naraḥ sahasrāṇām sahasram anṛcām
bhojayet ekaḥ prītaḥ mantravit tān sarvān arhati
bhojayet ekaḥ prītaḥ mantravit tān sarvān arhati
47.
O Bhārata, a single man who is a knower of sacred incantations (mantra) and is pleased, is worthy of the merit of feeding even a thousand times a thousand men who are ignorant of the Vedic hymns.
Links to all chapters:
ādi parva
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
Chapter 65
Chapter 66
Chapter 67
Chapter 68
Chapter 69
Chapter 70
Chapter 71
Chapter 72
Chapter 73
Chapter 74
Chapter 75
Chapter 76
Chapter 77
Chapter 78
Chapter 79
Chapter 80
Chapter 81
Chapter 82
Chapter 83
Chapter 84
Chapter 85
Chapter 86
Chapter 87
Chapter 88
Chapter 89
Chapter 90
Chapter 91
Chapter 92
Chapter 93
Chapter 94
Chapter 95
Chapter 96
Chapter 97
Chapter 98
Chapter 99
Chapter 100
Chapter 101
Chapter 102
Chapter 103
Chapter 104
Chapter 105
Chapter 106
Chapter 107
Chapter 108
Chapter 109
Chapter 110
Chapter 111
Chapter 112
Chapter 113
Chapter 114
Chapter 115
Chapter 116
Chapter 117
Chapter 118
Chapter 119
Chapter 120
Chapter 121
Chapter 122
Chapter 123
Chapter 124
Chapter 125
Chapter 126
Chapter 127
Chapter 128
Chapter 129
Chapter 130
Chapter 131
Chapter 132
Chapter 133
Chapter 134
Chapter 135
Chapter 136
Chapter 137
Chapter 138
Chapter 139
Chapter 140
Chapter 141
Chapter 142
Chapter 143
Chapter 144
Chapter 145
Chapter 146
Chapter 147
Chapter 148
Chapter 149
Chapter 150
Chapter 151
Chapter 152
Chapter 153
Chapter 154
Chapter 155
Chapter 156
Chapter 157
Chapter 158
Chapter 159
Chapter 160
Chapter 161
Chapter 162
Chapter 163
Chapter 164
Chapter 165
Chapter 166
Chapter 167
Chapter 168
Chapter 169
Chapter 170
Chapter 171
Chapter 172
Chapter 173
Chapter 174
Chapter 175
Chapter 176
Chapter 177
Chapter 178
Chapter 179
Chapter 180
Chapter 181
Chapter 182
Chapter 183
Chapter 184
Chapter 185
Chapter 186
Chapter 187
Chapter 188
Chapter 189
Chapter 190
Chapter 191
Chapter 192
Chapter 193
Chapter 194
Chapter 195
Chapter 196
Chapter 197
Chapter 198
Chapter 199
Chapter 200
Chapter 201
Chapter 202
Chapter 203
Chapter 204
Chapter 205
Chapter 206
Chapter 207
Chapter 208
Chapter 209
Chapter 210
Chapter 211
Chapter 212
Chapter 213
Chapter 214
Chapter 215
Chapter 216
Chapter 217
Chapter 218
Chapter 219
Chapter 220
Chapter 221
Chapter 222
Chapter 223
Chapter 224
Chapter 225
sabhā parva
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
Chapter 65
Chapter 66
Chapter 67
Chapter 68
Chapter 69
Chapter 70
Chapter 71
Chapter 72
vana parva
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
Chapter 65
Chapter 66
Chapter 67
Chapter 68
Chapter 69
Chapter 70
Chapter 71
Chapter 72
Chapter 73
Chapter 74
Chapter 75
Chapter 76
Chapter 77
Chapter 78
Chapter 79
Chapter 80
Chapter 81
Chapter 82
Chapter 83
Chapter 84
Chapter 85
Chapter 86
Chapter 87
Chapter 88
Chapter 89
Chapter 90
Chapter 91
Chapter 92
Chapter 93
Chapter 94
Chapter 95
Chapter 96
Chapter 97
Chapter 98
Chapter 99
Chapter 100
Chapter 101
Chapter 102
Chapter 103
Chapter 104
Chapter 105
Chapter 106
Chapter 107
Chapter 108
Chapter 109
Chapter 110
Chapter 111
Chapter 112
Chapter 113
Chapter 114
Chapter 115
Chapter 116
Chapter 117
Chapter 118
Chapter 119
Chapter 120
Chapter 121
Chapter 122
Chapter 123
Chapter 124
Chapter 125
Chapter 126
Chapter 127
Chapter 128
Chapter 129
Chapter 130
Chapter 131
Chapter 132
Chapter 133
Chapter 134
Chapter 135
Chapter 136
Chapter 137
Chapter 138
Chapter 139
Chapter 140
Chapter 141
Chapter 142
Chapter 143
Chapter 144
Chapter 145
Chapter 146
Chapter 147
Chapter 148
Chapter 149
Chapter 150
Chapter 151
Chapter 152
Chapter 153
Chapter 154
Chapter 155
Chapter 156
Chapter 157
Chapter 158
Chapter 159
Chapter 160
Chapter 161
Chapter 162
Chapter 163
Chapter 164
Chapter 165
Chapter 166
Chapter 167
Chapter 168
Chapter 169
Chapter 170
Chapter 171
Chapter 172
Chapter 173
Chapter 174
Chapter 175
Chapter 176
Chapter 177
Chapter 178
Chapter 179
Chapter 180
Chapter 181
Chapter 182
Chapter 183
Chapter 184
Chapter 185
Chapter 186
Chapter 187
Chapter 188
Chapter 189
Chapter 190
Chapter 191
Chapter 192
Chapter 193
Chapter 194
Chapter 195
Chapter 196
Chapter 197
Chapter 198
Chapter 199
Chapter 200
Chapter 201
Chapter 202
Chapter 203
Chapter 204
Chapter 205
Chapter 206
Chapter 207
Chapter 208
Chapter 209
Chapter 210
Chapter 211
Chapter 212
Chapter 213
Chapter 214
Chapter 215
Chapter 216
Chapter 217
Chapter 218
Chapter 219
Chapter 220
Chapter 221
Chapter 222
Chapter 223
Chapter 224
Chapter 225
Chapter 226
Chapter 227
Chapter 228
Chapter 229
Chapter 230
Chapter 231
Chapter 232
Chapter 233
Chapter 234
Chapter 235
Chapter 236
Chapter 237
Chapter 238
Chapter 239
Chapter 240
Chapter 241
Chapter 242
Chapter 243
Chapter 244
Chapter 245
Chapter 246
Chapter 247
Chapter 248
Chapter 249
Chapter 250
Chapter 251
Chapter 252
Chapter 253
Chapter 254
Chapter 255
Chapter 256
Chapter 257
Chapter 258
Chapter 259
Chapter 260
Chapter 261
Chapter 262
Chapter 263
Chapter 264
Chapter 265
Chapter 266
Chapter 267
Chapter 268
Chapter 269
Chapter 270
Chapter 271
Chapter 272
Chapter 273
Chapter 274
Chapter 275
Chapter 276
Chapter 277
Chapter 278
Chapter 279
Chapter 280
Chapter 281
Chapter 282
Chapter 283
Chapter 284
Chapter 285
Chapter 286
Chapter 287
Chapter 288
Chapter 289
Chapter 290
Chapter 291
Chapter 292
Chapter 293
Chapter 294
Chapter 295
Chapter 296
Chapter 297
Chapter 298
Chapter 299
virāṭa parva
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
Chapter 65
Chapter 66
Chapter 67
udyoga parva
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
Chapter 65
Chapter 66
Chapter 67
Chapter 68
Chapter 69
Chapter 70
Chapter 71
Chapter 72
Chapter 73
Chapter 74
Chapter 75
Chapter 76
Chapter 77
Chapter 78
Chapter 79
Chapter 80
Chapter 81
Chapter 82
Chapter 83
Chapter 84
Chapter 85
Chapter 86
Chapter 87
Chapter 88
Chapter 89
Chapter 90
Chapter 91
Chapter 92
Chapter 93
Chapter 94
Chapter 95
Chapter 96
Chapter 97
Chapter 98
Chapter 99
Chapter 100
Chapter 101
Chapter 102
Chapter 103
Chapter 104
Chapter 105
Chapter 106
Chapter 107
Chapter 108
Chapter 109
Chapter 110
Chapter 111
Chapter 112
Chapter 113
Chapter 114
Chapter 115
Chapter 116
Chapter 117
Chapter 118
Chapter 119
Chapter 120
Chapter 121
Chapter 122
Chapter 123
Chapter 124
Chapter 125
Chapter 126
Chapter 127
Chapter 128
Chapter 129
Chapter 130
Chapter 131
Chapter 132
Chapter 133
Chapter 134
Chapter 135
Chapter 136
Chapter 137
Chapter 138
Chapter 139
Chapter 140
Chapter 141
Chapter 142
Chapter 143
Chapter 144
Chapter 145
Chapter 146
Chapter 147
Chapter 148
Chapter 149
Chapter 150
Chapter 151
Chapter 152
Chapter 153
Chapter 154
Chapter 155
Chapter 156
Chapter 157
Chapter 158
Chapter 159
Chapter 160
Chapter 161
Chapter 162
Chapter 163
Chapter 164
Chapter 165
Chapter 166
Chapter 167
Chapter 168
Chapter 169
Chapter 170
Chapter 171
Chapter 172
Chapter 173
Chapter 174
Chapter 175
Chapter 176
Chapter 177
Chapter 178
Chapter 179
Chapter 180
Chapter 181
Chapter 182
Chapter 183
Chapter 184
Chapter 185
Chapter 186
Chapter 187
Chapter 188
Chapter 189
Chapter 190
Chapter 191
Chapter 192
Chapter 193
Chapter 194
Chapter 195
Chapter 196
Chapter 197
bhīṣma parva
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
Chapter 65
Chapter 66
Chapter 67
Chapter 68
Chapter 69
Chapter 70
Chapter 71
Chapter 72
Chapter 73
Chapter 74
Chapter 75
Chapter 76
Chapter 77
Chapter 78
Chapter 79
Chapter 80
Chapter 81
Chapter 82
Chapter 83
Chapter 84
Chapter 85
Chapter 86
Chapter 87
Chapter 88
Chapter 89
Chapter 90
Chapter 91
Chapter 92
Chapter 93
Chapter 94
Chapter 95
Chapter 96
Chapter 97
Chapter 98
Chapter 99
Chapter 100
Chapter 101
Chapter 102
Chapter 103
Chapter 104
Chapter 105
Chapter 106
Chapter 107
Chapter 108
Chapter 109
Chapter 110
Chapter 111
Chapter 112
Chapter 113
Chapter 114
Chapter 115
Chapter 116
Chapter 117
droṇa parva
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
Chapter 65
Chapter 66
Chapter 67
Chapter 68
Chapter 69
Chapter 70
Chapter 71
Chapter 72
Chapter 73
Chapter 74
Chapter 75
Chapter 76
Chapter 77
Chapter 78
Chapter 79
Chapter 80
Chapter 81
Chapter 82
Chapter 83
Chapter 84
Chapter 85
Chapter 86
Chapter 87
Chapter 88
Chapter 89
Chapter 90
Chapter 91
Chapter 92
Chapter 93
Chapter 94
Chapter 95
Chapter 96
Chapter 97
Chapter 98
Chapter 99
Chapter 100
Chapter 101
Chapter 102
Chapter 103
Chapter 104
Chapter 105
Chapter 106
Chapter 107
Chapter 108
Chapter 109
Chapter 110
Chapter 111
Chapter 112
Chapter 113
Chapter 114
Chapter 115
Chapter 116
Chapter 117
Chapter 118
Chapter 119
Chapter 120
Chapter 121
Chapter 122
Chapter 123
Chapter 124
Chapter 125
Chapter 126
Chapter 127
Chapter 128
Chapter 129
Chapter 130
Chapter 131
Chapter 132
Chapter 133
Chapter 134
Chapter 135
Chapter 136
Chapter 137
Chapter 138
Chapter 139
Chapter 140
Chapter 141
Chapter 142
Chapter 143
Chapter 144
Chapter 145
Chapter 146
Chapter 147
Chapter 148
Chapter 149
Chapter 150
Chapter 151
Chapter 152
Chapter 153
Chapter 154
Chapter 155
Chapter 156
Chapter 157
Chapter 158
Chapter 159
Chapter 160
Chapter 161
Chapter 162
Chapter 163
Chapter 164
Chapter 165
Chapter 166
Chapter 167
Chapter 168
Chapter 169
Chapter 170
Chapter 171
Chapter 172
Chapter 173
karṇa parva
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
Chapter 65
Chapter 66
Chapter 67
Chapter 68
Chapter 69
śalya parva
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
sauptika parva
strī parva
śānti parva
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
Chapter 65
Chapter 66
Chapter 67
Chapter 68
Chapter 69
Chapter 70
Chapter 71
Chapter 72
Chapter 73
Chapter 74
Chapter 75
Chapter 76
Chapter 77
Chapter 78
Chapter 79
Chapter 80
Chapter 81
Chapter 82
Chapter 83
Chapter 84
Chapter 85
Chapter 86
Chapter 87
Chapter 88
Chapter 89
Chapter 90
Chapter 91
Chapter 92
Chapter 93
Chapter 94
Chapter 95
Chapter 96
Chapter 97
Chapter 98
Chapter 99
Chapter 100
Chapter 101
Chapter 102
Chapter 103
Chapter 104
Chapter 105
Chapter 106
Chapter 107
Chapter 108
Chapter 109
Chapter 110
Chapter 111
Chapter 112
Chapter 113
Chapter 114
Chapter 115
Chapter 116
Chapter 117
Chapter 118
Chapter 119
Chapter 120
Chapter 121
Chapter 122
Chapter 123
Chapter 124
Chapter 125
Chapter 126
Chapter 127
Chapter 128
Chapter 129
Chapter 130
Chapter 131
Chapter 132
Chapter 133
Chapter 134
Chapter 135
Chapter 136
Chapter 137
Chapter 138
Chapter 139
Chapter 140
Chapter 141
Chapter 142
Chapter 143
Chapter 144
Chapter 145
Chapter 146
Chapter 147
Chapter 148
Chapter 149
Chapter 150
Chapter 151
Chapter 152
Chapter 153
Chapter 154
Chapter 155
Chapter 156
Chapter 157
Chapter 158
Chapter 159
Chapter 160
Chapter 161
Chapter 162
Chapter 163
Chapter 164
Chapter 165
Chapter 166
Chapter 167
Chapter 168
Chapter 169
Chapter 170
Chapter 171
Chapter 172
Chapter 173
Chapter 174
Chapter 175
Chapter 176
Chapter 177
Chapter 178
Chapter 179
Chapter 180
Chapter 181
Chapter 182
Chapter 183
Chapter 184
Chapter 185
Chapter 186
Chapter 187
Chapter 188
Chapter 189
Chapter 190
Chapter 191
Chapter 192
Chapter 193
Chapter 194
Chapter 195
Chapter 196
Chapter 197
Chapter 198
Chapter 199
Chapter 200
Chapter 201
Chapter 202
Chapter 203
Chapter 204
Chapter 205
Chapter 206
Chapter 207
Chapter 208
Chapter 209
Chapter 210
Chapter 211
Chapter 212
Chapter 213
Chapter 214
Chapter 215
Chapter 216
Chapter 217
Chapter 218
Chapter 219
Chapter 220
Chapter 221
Chapter 222
Chapter 223
Chapter 224
Chapter 225
Chapter 226
Chapter 227
Chapter 228
Chapter 229
Chapter 230
Chapter 231
Chapter 232
Chapter 233
Chapter 234
Chapter 235
Chapter 236
Chapter 237
Chapter 238
Chapter 239
Chapter 240
Chapter 241
Chapter 242
Chapter 243
Chapter 244
Chapter 245
Chapter 246
Chapter 247
Chapter 248
Chapter 249
Chapter 250
Chapter 251
Chapter 252
Chapter 253
Chapter 254
Chapter 255
Chapter 256
Chapter 257
Chapter 258
Chapter 259
Chapter 260
Chapter 261
Chapter 262
Chapter 263
Chapter 264
Chapter 265
Chapter 266
Chapter 267
Chapter 268
Chapter 269
Chapter 270
Chapter 271
Chapter 272
Chapter 273
Chapter 274
Chapter 275
Chapter 276
Chapter 277
Chapter 278
Chapter 279
Chapter 280
Chapter 281
Chapter 282
Chapter 283
Chapter 284
Chapter 285
Chapter 286
Chapter 287
Chapter 288
Chapter 289
Chapter 290
Chapter 291
Chapter 292
Chapter 293
Chapter 294
Chapter 295
Chapter 296
Chapter 297
Chapter 298
Chapter 299
Chapter 300
Chapter 301
Chapter 302
Chapter 303
Chapter 304
Chapter 305
Chapter 306
Chapter 307
Chapter 308
Chapter 309
Chapter 310
Chapter 311
Chapter 312
Chapter 313
Chapter 314
Chapter 315
Chapter 316
Chapter 317
Chapter 318
Chapter 319
Chapter 320
Chapter 321
Chapter 322
Chapter 323
Chapter 324
Chapter 325
Chapter 326
Chapter 327
Chapter 328
Chapter 329
Chapter 330
Chapter 331
Chapter 332
Chapter 333
Chapter 334
Chapter 335
Chapter 336
Chapter 337
Chapter 338
Chapter 339
Chapter 340
Chapter 341
Chapter 342
Chapter 343
Chapter 344
Chapter 345
Chapter 346
Chapter 347
Chapter 348
Chapter 349
Chapter 350
Chapter 351
Chapter 352
Chapter 353
anuśāsana parva (current book)
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
Chapter 65
Chapter 66
Chapter 67
Chapter 68
Chapter 69
Chapter 70
Chapter 71
Chapter 72
Chapter 73
Chapter 74
Chapter 75
Chapter 76
Chapter 77
Chapter 78
Chapter 79
Chapter 80
Chapter 81
Chapter 82
Chapter 83
Chapter 84
Chapter 85
Chapter 86
Chapter 87
Chapter 88
Chapter 89
Chapter 90 (current chapter)
Chapter 91
Chapter 92
Chapter 93
Chapter 94
Chapter 95
Chapter 96
Chapter 97
Chapter 98
Chapter 99
Chapter 100
Chapter 101
Chapter 102
Chapter 103
Chapter 104
Chapter 105
Chapter 106
Chapter 107
Chapter 108
Chapter 109
Chapter 110
Chapter 111
Chapter 112
Chapter 113
Chapter 114
Chapter 115
Chapter 116
Chapter 117
Chapter 118
Chapter 119
Chapter 120
Chapter 121
Chapter 122
Chapter 123
Chapter 124
Chapter 125
Chapter 126
Chapter 127
Chapter 128
Chapter 129
Chapter 130
Chapter 131
Chapter 132
Chapter 133
Chapter 134
Chapter 135
Chapter 136
Chapter 137
Chapter 138
Chapter 139
Chapter 140
Chapter 141
Chapter 142
Chapter 143
Chapter 144
Chapter 145
Chapter 146
Chapter 147
Chapter 148
Chapter 149
Chapter 150
Chapter 151
Chapter 152
Chapter 153
Chapter 154
aśvamedhika parva
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47
Chapter 48
Chapter 49
Chapter 50
Chapter 51
Chapter 52
Chapter 53
Chapter 54
Chapter 55
Chapter 56
Chapter 57
Chapter 58
Chapter 59
Chapter 60
Chapter 61
Chapter 62
Chapter 63
Chapter 64
Chapter 65
Chapter 66
Chapter 67
Chapter 68
Chapter 69
Chapter 70
Chapter 71
Chapter 72
Chapter 73
Chapter 74
Chapter 75
Chapter 76
Chapter 77
Chapter 78
Chapter 79
Chapter 80
Chapter 81
Chapter 82
Chapter 83
Chapter 84
Chapter 85
Chapter 86
Chapter 87
Chapter 88
Chapter 89
Chapter 90
Chapter 91
Chapter 92
Chapter 93
Chapter 94
Chapter 95
Chapter 96
āśramavāsika parva
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Chapter 39
Chapter 40
Chapter 41
Chapter 42
Chapter 43
Chapter 44
Chapter 45
Chapter 46
Chapter 47