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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-90

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कीदृशेभ्यः प्रदातव्यं भवेच्छ्राद्धं पितामह ।
द्विजेभ्यः कुरुशार्दूल तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kīdṛśebhyaḥ pradātavyaṁ bhavecchrāddhaṁ pitāmaha ,
dvijebhyaḥ kuruśārdūla tanme vyākhyātumarhasi.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kīdṛśebhyaḥ pradātavyam bhavet śrāddham
pitāmaha dvijebhyaḥ kuruśārdūla tat me vyākhyātum arhasi
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha kuruśārdūla kīdṛśebhyaḥ dvijebhyaḥ
śrāddham pradātavyam bhavet me tat vyākhyātum arhasi
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said, 'O grandfather, O tiger among the Kurus! To what kind of Brahmins (dvija) should the ancestral ritual (śrāddha) be offered? You ought to explain that to me.'
भीष्म उवाच ।
ब्राह्मणान्न परीक्षेत क्षत्रियो दानधर्मवित् ।
दैवे कर्मणि पित्र्ये तु न्याय्यमाहुः परीक्षणम् ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
brāhmaṇānna parīkṣeta kṣatriyo dānadharmavit ,
daive karmaṇi pitrye tu nyāyyamāhuḥ parīkṣaṇam.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca brāhmaṇān na parīkṣeta kṣatriyaḥ dānadharmavit
daive karmaṇi pitrye tu nyāyyam āhuḥ parīkṣaṇam
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca dānadharmavit kṣatriyaḥ brāhmaṇān na
parīkṣeta tu daive karmaṇi pitrye parīkṣaṇam nyāyyam āhuḥ
2. Bhīṣma said, 'A Kṣatriya who understands the natural law (dharma) of giving should not examine Brahmins. However, in divine rituals or ancestral rituals (pitṛya karma), they say that examination (of Brahmins) is proper.'
देवताः पूजयन्तीह दैवेनैवेह तेजसा ।
उपेत्य तस्माद्देवेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यो दापयेन्नरः ॥३॥
3. devatāḥ pūjayantīha daivenaiveha tejasā ,
upetya tasmāddevebhyaḥ sarvebhyo dāpayennaraḥ.
3. devatāḥ pūjayanti iha daivena eva iha tejasā
upetya tasmāt devebhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ dāpayet naraḥ
3. iha devatāḥ daivena eva iha tejasā pūjayanti
tasmāt naraḥ upetya sarvebhyaḥ devebhyaḥ dāpayet
3. Here, the deities themselves worship with their own divine splendor. Therefore, a man should approach all those deities and arrange for offerings to be given to them.
श्राद्धे त्वथ महाराज परीक्षेद्ब्राह्मणान्बुधः ।
कुलशीलवयोरूपैर्विद्ययाभिजनेन च ॥४॥
4. śrāddhe tvatha mahārāja parīkṣedbrāhmaṇānbudhaḥ ,
kulaśīlavayorūpairvidyayābhijanena ca.
4. śrāddhe tu atha mahārāja parīkṣet brāhmaṇān
budhaḥ kulaśīlavayorūpaiḥ vidyayā abhijanena ca
4. atha mahārāja budhaḥ śrāddhe tu brāhmaṇān
kulaśīlavayorūpaiḥ vidyayā ca abhijanena parīkṣet
4. Now, O great king, a wise person should indeed examine the Brahmins for a post-funeral ritual (śrāddha) based on their family, character, age, appearance, knowledge, and noble lineage.
एषामन्ये पङ्क्तिदूषास्तथान्ये पङ्क्तिपावनाः ।
अपाङ्क्तेयास्तु ये राजन्कीर्तयिष्यामि ताञ्शृणु ॥५॥
5. eṣāmanye paṅktidūṣāstathānye paṅktipāvanāḥ ,
apāṅkteyāstu ye rājankīrtayiṣyāmi tāñśṛṇu.
5. eṣām anye paṅktidūṣāḥ tathā anye paṅktipāvanāḥ
apāṅkteyāḥ tu ye rājan kīrtayiṣyāmi tān śṛṇu
5. rājan eṣām anye paṅktidūṣāḥ tathā anye
paṅktipāvanāḥ tu ye apāṅkteyāḥ tān kīrtayiṣyāmi śṛṇu
5. Among these (Brahmins), some are defilers of the company, and likewise, others are purifiers of the company. But O king, listen, I will enumerate those who are unworthy of the company.
कितवो भ्रूणहा यक्ष्मी पशुपालो निराकृतिः ।
ग्रामप्रेष्यो वार्धुषिको गायनः सर्वविक्रयी ॥६॥
6. kitavo bhrūṇahā yakṣmī paśupālo nirākṛtiḥ ,
grāmapreṣyo vārdhuṣiko gāyanaḥ sarvavikrayī.
6. kitavaḥ bhrūṇahā yakṣmī paśupālaḥ nirākṛtiḥ
grāmapreṣyaḥ vārdhuṣikaḥ gāyanaḥ sarvavikrayī
6. kitavaḥ bhrūṇahā yakṣmī paśupālaḥ nirākṛtiḥ
grāmapreṣyaḥ vārdhuṣikaḥ gāyanaḥ sarvavikrayī
6. A gambler, a killer of an embryo, one afflicted with consumption, an animal herder, a despicable person, a village servant, a usurer, a singer, and one who sells everything.
अगारदाही गरदः कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी ।
सामुद्रिको राजभृत्यस्तैलिकः कूटकारकः ॥७॥
7. agāradāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī ,
sāmudriko rājabhṛtyastailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ.
7. agāradāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī
sāmudrikaḥ rājabhṛtyaḥ tailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ
7. agāradāhī garadaḥ kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī
sāmudrikaḥ rājabhṛtyaḥ tailikaḥ kūṭakārakaḥ
7. An arsonist, a poisoner, one who partakes in forbidden food, a seller of Soma, a soothsayer, a government official, an oil merchant, and a deceiver.
पित्रा विवदमानश्च यस्य चोपपतिर्गृहे ।
अभिशस्तस्तथा स्तेनः शिल्पं यश्चोपजीवति ॥८॥
8. pitrā vivadamānaśca yasya copapatirgṛhe ,
abhiśastastathā stenaḥ śilpaṁ yaścopajīvati.
8. pitrā vivadamānaḥ ca yasya ca upapatiḥ gṛhe
abhiśastaḥ tathā stenaḥ śilpam yaḥ ca upajīvati
8. pitrā vivadamānaḥ ca yasya ca upapatiḥ gṛhe
abhiśastaḥ tathā stenaḥ śilpam yaḥ ca upajīvati
8. And one who quarrels with his father; also one whose wife has a paramour in the house; likewise, one who is accused of a grave offense, and a thief; and one who lives by a manual craft.
पर्वकारश्च सूची च मित्रध्रुक्पारदारिकः ।
अव्रतानामुपाध्यायः काण्डपृष्ठस्तथैव च ॥९॥
9. parvakāraśca sūcī ca mitradhrukpāradārikaḥ ,
avratānāmupādhyāyaḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhastathaiva ca.
9. parvakāraḥ ca sūcī ca mitradhruk pāradārikaḥ
avratānām upādhyāyaḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhaḥ tathaiva ca
9. parvakāraḥ ca sūcī ca mitradhruk pāradārikaḥ
avratānām upādhyāyaḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhaḥ tathaiva ca
9. And one who disregards sacred days, an informer, a betrayer of friends, an adulterer, a teacher of those without vows, and also one with a bent back.
श्वभिर्यश्च परिक्रामेद्यः शुना दष्ट एव च ।
परिवित्तिश्च यश्च स्याद्दुश्चर्मा गुरुतल्पगः ।
कुशीलवो देवलको नक्षत्रैर्यश्च जीवति ॥१०॥
10. śvabhiryaśca parikrāmedyaḥ śunā daṣṭa eva ca ,
parivittiśca yaśca syādduścarmā gurutalpagaḥ ,
kuśīlavo devalako nakṣatrairyaśca jīvati.
10. śvabhiḥ yaḥ ca parikrāmēt yaḥ śunā
daṣṭaḥ eva ca parivittiḥ ca yaḥ ca
syāt duścarma gurutalpagaḥ kuśīlavaḥ
devalakaḥ nakṣatraiḥ yaḥ ca jīvati
10. śvabhiḥ yaḥ ca parikrāmēt yaḥ śunā
daṣṭaḥ eva ca parivittiḥ ca yaḥ ca
syāt duścarma gurutalpagaḥ kuśīlavaḥ
devalakaḥ nakṣatraiḥ yaḥ ca jīvati
10. And one who wanders with dogs, and also one who has been bitten by a dog; and a 'parivitti' (a younger brother married before his elder brother); one with a skin disease; one who violates the (guru's) teacher's bed; an actor; a temple priest; and one who lives by astrology.
एतानिह विजानीयादपाङ्क्तेयान्द्विजाधमान् ।
शूद्राणामुपदेशं च ये कुर्वन्त्यल्पचेतसः ॥११॥
11. etāniha vijānīyādapāṅkteyāndvijādhamān ,
śūdrāṇāmupadeśaṁ ca ye kurvantyalpacetasaḥ.
11. etāni iha vijānīyāt apāṅkteyān dvijādhamān
śūdrāṇām upadeśam ca ye kurvanti alpacetasaḥ
11. iha ye alpacetasaḥ śūdrāṇām upadeśam kurvanti ca,
etāni apāṅkteyān dvijādhamān vijānīyāt.
11. Here, one should recognize as the lowest among the twice-born (dvija) and unfit for communal dining, those foolish ones who impart instruction to śūdras.
षष्टिं काणः शतं षण्ढः श्वित्री यावत्प्रपश्यति ।
पङ्क्त्यां समुपविष्टायां तावद्दूषयते नृप ॥१२॥
12. ṣaṣṭiṁ kāṇaḥ śataṁ ṣaṇḍhaḥ śvitrī yāvatprapaśyati ,
paṅktyāṁ samupaviṣṭāyāṁ tāvaddūṣayate nṛpa.
12. ṣaṣṭim kāṇaḥ śatam ṣaṇḍhaḥ śvitrī yāvat prapaśyati
paṅktyām samupaviṣṭāyām tāvat dūṣayate nṛpa
12. nṛpa,
kāṇaḥ ṣaṣṭim (janān) dūṣayate,
ṣaṇḍhaḥ śatam (janān) (dūṣayate),
śvitrī yāvat (janān) paṅktyām samupaviṣṭāyām prapaśyati,
tāvat (janān) dūṣayate.
12. O king, a one-eyed man defiles sixty (diners), an impotent man a hundred, and a person with white leprosy defiles as many (diners) as he can see while seated in the dining line.
यद्वेष्टितशिरा भुङ्क्ते यद्भुङ्क्ते दक्षिणामुखः ।
सोपानत्कश्च यद्भुङ्क्ते सर्वं विद्यात्तदासुरम् ॥१३॥
13. yadveṣṭitaśirā bhuṅkte yadbhuṅkte dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ ,
sopānatkaśca yadbhuṅkte sarvaṁ vidyāttadāsuram.
13. yat veṣṭitaśirāḥ bhuṅkte yat bhuṅkte dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ
sa upānatkaḥ ca yat bhuṅkte sarvam vidyāt tat āsuram
13. yat veṣṭitaśirāḥ bhuṅkte,
yat dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ bhuṅkte,
ca yat sa upānatkaḥ bhuṅkte,
sarvam tat āsuram vidyāt.
13. Whatever one eats with a covered head, whatever one eats facing south, and whatever one eats wearing shoes - one should know all that to be of a demonic nature.
असूयता च यद्दत्तं यच्च श्रद्धाविवर्जितम् ।
सर्वं तदसुरेन्द्राय ब्रह्मा भागमकल्पयत् ॥१४॥
14. asūyatā ca yaddattaṁ yacca śraddhāvivarjitam ,
sarvaṁ tadasurendrāya brahmā bhāgamakalpayat.
14. asūyatā ca yat dattam yat ca śraddhāvivarjitam
sarvam tat asurendrāya brahmā bhāgam akalpayat
14. ca yat asūyatā dattam,
ca yat śraddhāvivarjitam (dattam),
sarvam tat bhāgam brahmā asurendrāya akalpayat.
14. Whatever is given by an envious person, and whatever is offered without faith (śraddhā) - all that Brahmā assigned as a portion to the chief of the asuras.
श्वानश्च पङ्क्तिदूषाश्च नावेक्षेरन्कथंचन ।
तस्मात्परिवृते दद्यात्तिलांश्चान्ववकीरयेत् ॥१५॥
15. śvānaśca paṅktidūṣāśca nāvekṣerankathaṁcana ,
tasmātparivṛte dadyāttilāṁścānvavakīrayet.
15. śvānaḥ ca paṅktidūṣāḥ ca na avekṣeran kathaṃcana
tasmāt parivṛte dadyāt tilān ca anvavakīrayet
15. śvānaḥ ca paṅktidūṣāḥ ca kathaṃcana na avekṣeran
tasmāt parivṛte tilān ca dadyāt anvavakīrayet
15. Dogs and those who defile the sacred gathering should under no circumstances be allowed to see it. Therefore, one should make the offering in an enclosed space and scatter sesame seeds around.
तिलादाने च क्रव्यादा ये च क्रोधवशा गणाः ।
यातुधानाः पिशाचाश्च विप्रलुम्पन्ति तद्धविः ॥१६॥
16. tilādāne ca kravyādā ye ca krodhavaśā gaṇāḥ ,
yātudhānāḥ piśācāśca vipralumpanti taddhaviḥ.
16. tilādāne ca kravyādāḥ ye ca krodhavaśāḥ gaṇāḥ
yātudhānāḥ piśācāḥ ca vipralumpanti tat haviḥ
16. tilādāne ca kravyādāḥ ye ca krodhavaśāḥ gaṇāḥ
yātudhānāḥ ca piśācāḥ tat haviḥ vipralumpanti
16. And during the offering of sesame seeds, flesh-eaters, those hordes governed by wrath, yātudhānas, and piśācas, plunder that oblation.
यावद्ध्यपङ्क्त्यः पङ्क्त्यां वै भुञ्जानाननुपश्यति ।
तावत्फलाद्भ्रंशयति दातारं तस्य बालिशम् ॥१७॥
17. yāvaddhyapaṅktyaḥ paṅktyāṁ vai bhuñjānānanupaśyati ,
tāvatphalādbhraṁśayati dātāraṁ tasya bāliśam.
17. yāvat hi apaṅktyaḥ paṅktyām vai bhuñjānān anupaśyati
tāvat phalāt bhraṃśayati dātāram tasya bāliśam
17. yāvat hi apaṅktyaḥ vai paṅktyām bhuñjānān anupaśyati
tāvat tasya bāliśam dātāram phalāt bhraṃśayati
17. Indeed, as long as an individual unfit for the ritual row sees those who are eating in it, for so long does he deprive that foolish patron of the merit of his offering.
इमे तु भरतश्रेष्ठ विज्ञेयाः पङ्क्तिपावनाः ।
ये त्वतस्तान्प्रवक्ष्यामि परीक्षस्वेह तान्द्विजान् ॥१८॥
18. ime tu bharataśreṣṭha vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ ,
ye tvatastānpravakṣyāmi parīkṣasveha tāndvijān.
18. ime tu bharataśreṣṭha vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ ye
tu ataḥ tān pravakṣyāmi parīkṣasva iha tān dvijān
18. bharataśreṣṭha tu ime paṅktipāvanāḥ vijñeyāḥ ye
tu ataḥ tān pravakṣyāmi iha tān dvijān parīkṣasva
18. But these, O best of Bharatas, are to be understood as purifiers of the ritual assembly. I shall now declare who they are; you should carefully examine those brāhmaṇas here.
वेदविद्याव्रतस्नाता ब्राह्मणाः सर्व एव हि ।
पाङ्क्तेयान्यांस्तु वक्ष्यामि ज्ञेयास्ते पङ्क्तिपावनाः ॥१९॥
19. vedavidyāvratasnātā brāhmaṇāḥ sarva eva hi ,
pāṅkteyānyāṁstu vakṣyāmi jñeyāste paṅktipāvanāḥ.
19. veda-vidyā-vrata-snātāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ sarva eva hi
pāṅkteyān anyān tu vakṣyāmi jñeyāḥ te paṅkti-pāvanāḥ
19. hi sarva brāhmaṇāḥ veda-vidyā-vrata-snātāḥ eva tu
anyān pāṅkteyān te paṅkti-pāvanāḥ jñeyāḥ vakṣyāmi
19. Indeed, all brahmins are those who have completed their Vedic studies and sacred observances (vrata). However, I will now speak of others who are to be recognized as worthy guests at a ceremonial meal and purifiers of the assembly.
त्रिणाचिकेतः पञ्चाग्निस्त्रिसुपर्णः षडङ्गवित् ।
ब्रह्मदेयानुसंतानश्छन्दोगो ज्येष्ठसामगः ॥२०॥
20. triṇāciketaḥ pañcāgnistrisuparṇaḥ ṣaḍaṅgavit ,
brahmadeyānusaṁtānaśchandogo jyeṣṭhasāmagaḥ.
20. tri-ṇāciketaḥ pañca-agniḥ tri-suparṇaḥ ṣaṭ-aṅga-vit
brahma-deya-anu-saṃtānaḥ chandogaḥ jyeṣṭha-sāmagaḥ
20. tri-ṇāciketaḥ pañca-agniḥ tri-suparṇaḥ ṣaṭ-aṅga-vit
brahma-deya-anu-saṃtānaḥ chandogaḥ jyeṣṭha-sāmagaḥ
20. He who has performed the three Nāciketa Vedic rituals (yajña), maintains the five sacred fires, understands the three Suparṇa hymns, is conversant with the six auxiliary branches (aṅga) of the Vedas, has an unbroken lineage from a wife gifted as a Brahmin bride (brahmadeya), is a chanter of the Sāma Veda, and performs the foremost Sāma chants.
मातापित्रोर्यश्च वश्यः श्रोत्रियो दशपूरुषः ।
ऋतुकालाभिगामी च धर्मपत्नीषु यः सदा ।
वेदविद्याव्रतस्नातो विप्रः पङ्क्तिं पुनात्युत ॥२१॥
21. mātāpitroryaśca vaśyaḥ śrotriyo daśapūruṣaḥ ,
ṛtukālābhigāmī ca dharmapatnīṣu yaḥ sadā ,
vedavidyāvratasnāto vipraḥ paṅktiṁ punātyuta.
21. mātā-pitroḥ yaḥ ca vaśyaḥ śrotriyaḥ
daśa-pūruṣaḥ ṛtu-kāla-abhigāmī ca
dharma-patnīṣu yaḥ sadā
veda-vidyā-vrata-snātaḥ vipraḥ paṅktim punāti uta
21. ca uta yaḥ mātā-pitroḥ vaśyaḥ śrotriyaḥ
daśa-pūruṣaḥ ca yaḥ sadā
dharma-patnīṣu ṛtu-kāla-abhigāmī
veda-vidyā-vrata-snātaḥ vipraḥ paṅktim punāti
21. And furthermore, a Brahmin who is obedient to his mother and father, a learned (śrotriya) one with a pure lineage spanning ten generations, who always approaches his lawful wives (dharma-patnī) during the fertile period, and who has completed his Vedic studies and sacred observances (vrata) - such a Brahmin (vipra) indeed purifies the assembly.
अथर्वशिरसोऽध्येता ब्रह्मचारी यतव्रतः ।
सत्यवादी धर्मशीलः स्वकर्मनिरतश्च यः ॥२२॥
22. atharvaśiraso'dhyetā brahmacārī yatavrataḥ ,
satyavādī dharmaśīlaḥ svakarmanirataśca yaḥ.
22. atharva-śirasaḥ adhyetā brahmacārī yata-vrataḥ
satya-vādī dharma-śīlaḥ sva-karma-nirataḥ ca yaḥ
22. yaḥ atharva-śirasaḥ adhyetā brahmacārī yata-vrataḥ
satya-vādī dharma-śīlaḥ ca sva-karma-nirataḥ
22. And he who studies the Atharvaśiras (Upaniṣad), maintains celibacy (brahmacārī) and strict vows (vrata), speaks the truth, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is virtuous conduct, and who is dedicated to his prescribed duties (sva-karma).
ये च पुण्येषु तीर्थेषु अभिषेककृतश्रमाः ।
मखेषु च समन्त्रेषु भवन्त्यवभृथाप्लुताः ॥२३॥
23. ye ca puṇyeṣu tīrtheṣu abhiṣekakṛtaśramāḥ ,
makheṣu ca samantreṣu bhavantyavabhṛthāplutāḥ.
23. ye ca puṇyeṣu tīrtheṣu abhiṣekakṛtaśramāḥ
makheṣu ca samantreṣu bhavanti avabhṛthāplutāḥ
23. ye ca puṇyeṣu tīrtheṣu abhiṣekakṛtaśramāḥ ca
samantreṣu makheṣu avabhṛthāplutāḥ bhavanti
23. Those who undertake the effort of bathing in sacred pilgrimage sites, and who perform the concluding purification bath (avabhṛtha) in Vedic rituals (yajña) accompanied by mantras.
अक्रोधना अचपलाः क्षान्ता दान्ता जितेन्द्रियाः ।
सर्वभूतहिता ये च श्राद्धेष्वेतान्निमन्त्रयेत् ।
एतेषु दत्तमक्षय्यमेते वै पङ्क्तिपावनाः ॥२४॥
24. akrodhanā acapalāḥ kṣāntā dāntā jitendriyāḥ ,
sarvabhūtahitā ye ca śrāddheṣvetānnimantrayet ,
eteṣu dattamakṣayyamete vai paṅktipāvanāḥ.
24. akrodhanāḥ acapalāḥ kṣāntāḥ dāntāḥ
jitendriyāḥ sarvabhūtahitāḥ ye ca
śrāddheṣu etān nimantrayet eteṣu
dattam akṣayyam ete vai paṅktipāvanāḥ
24. ye ca akrodhanāḥ acapalāḥ kṣāntāḥ
dāntāḥ jitendriyāḥ sarvabhūtahitāḥ
etān śrāddheṣu nimantrayet eteṣu
dattam akṣayyam ete vai paṅktipāvanāḥ
24. Those who are not angry, not fickle, patient, self-controlled, with subdued senses, and beneficial to all beings – one should invite these in ancestral rituals (śrāddha). What is given to such people is indeed imperishable; they are indeed purifiers of the assembly.
इमे परे महाराज विज्ञेयाः पङ्क्तिपावनाः ।
यतयो मोक्षधर्मज्ञा योगाः सुचरितव्रताः ॥२५॥
25. ime pare mahārāja vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ ,
yatayo mokṣadharmajñā yogāḥ sucaritavratāḥ.
25. ime pare mahārāja vijñeyāḥ paṅktipāvanāḥ
yatayaḥ mokṣadharmajñāḥ yogāḥ sucaritavratāḥ
25. mahārāja ime pare paṅktipāvanāḥ vijñeyāḥ
yatayaḥ mokṣadharmajñāḥ yogāḥ sucaritavratāḥ
25. O great king, these others should be known as purifiers of the assembly: ascetics (yati) who understand the principles of liberation (mokṣadharma), and yogis (yoga) who have observed excellent vows.
ये चेतिहासं प्रयताः श्रावयन्ति द्विजोत्तमान् ।
ये च भाष्यविदः केचिद्ये च व्याकरणे रताः ॥२६॥
26. ye cetihāsaṁ prayatāḥ śrāvayanti dvijottamān ,
ye ca bhāṣyavidaḥ kecidye ca vyākaraṇe ratāḥ.
26. ye ca itihāsam prayatāḥ śrāvayanti dvijottamān
ye ca bhāṣyavidaḥ kecit ye ca vyākaraṇe ratāḥ
26. ye ca prayatāḥ itihāsam dvijottamān śrāvayanti
ye ca kecit bhāṣyavidaḥ ye ca vyākaraṇe ratāḥ
26. And those who diligently narrate the epic (itihāsa) to the most eminent Brahmins, and some who are experts in commentaries, and those who are devoted to grammar.
अधीयते पुराणं ये धर्मशास्त्राण्यथापि च ।
अधीत्य च यथान्यायं विधिवत्तस्य कारिणः ॥२७॥
27. adhīyate purāṇaṁ ye dharmaśāstrāṇyathāpi ca ,
adhītya ca yathānyāyaṁ vidhivattasya kāriṇaḥ.
27. adhīyate purāṇam ye dharmaśāstrāṇi atha api ca
adhītya ca yathānyāyam vidhivat tasya kāriṇaḥ
27. ye purāṇam atha api ca dharmaśāstrāṇi adhīyate
ca yathānyāyam vidhivat adhītya tasya kāriṇaḥ
27. Those who study the Purāṇas and also the treatises on natural law (dharmaśāstra), and having properly studied them according to custom, become practitioners of those principles.
उपपन्नो गुरुकुले सत्यवादी सहस्रदः ।
अग्र्यः सर्वेषु वेदेषु सर्वप्रवचनेषु च ॥२८॥
28. upapanno gurukule satyavādī sahasradaḥ ,
agryaḥ sarveṣu vedeṣu sarvapravacaneṣu ca.
28. upapannaḥ gurukule satyavādī sahasradaḥ
agryaḥ sarveṣu vedeṣu sarvapravacaneṣu ca
28. (yaḥ) gurukule upapannaḥ satyavādī sahasradaḥ ca sarveṣu
vedeṣu sarvapravacaneṣu agryaḥ (saḥ paṅktipāvanaḥ)
28. One who is well-established in a spiritual teacher's (guru) household, a speaker of truth, a giver of thousands (of gifts); preeminent in all sacred texts (Vedas) and in all traditional teachings.
यावदेते प्रपश्यन्ति पङ्क्त्यास्तावत्पुनन्त्युत ।
ततो हि पावनात्पङ्क्त्याः पङ्क्तिपावन उच्यते ॥२९॥
29. yāvadete prapaśyanti paṅktyāstāvatpunantyuta ,
tato hi pāvanātpaṅktyāḥ paṅktipāvana ucyate.
29. yāvat ete prapaśyanti paṅktyāḥ tāvat punanti uta
tataḥ hi pāvanāt paṅktyāḥ paṅktipāvanaḥ ucyate
29. yāvat ete paṅktyāḥ prapaśyanti tāvat uta punanti
tataḥ hi pāvanāt paṅktyāḥ paṅktipāvanaḥ ucyate
29. As far as these (men described) are present in the line (of diners), so far do they purify it. Therefore, indeed, because of purifying the line, such a person is called a 'purifier of the line' (paṅktipāvana).
क्रोशादर्धतृतीयात्तु पावयेदेक एव हि ।
ब्रह्मदेयानुसंतान इति ब्रह्मविदो विदुः ॥३०॥
30. krośādardhatṛtīyāttu pāvayedeka eva hi ,
brahmadeyānusaṁtāna iti brahmavido viduḥ.
30. krośāt ardhatṛtīyāt tu pāvayeta ekaḥ eva hi
brahmadeyānusaṃtānaḥ iti brahmavidaḥ viduḥ
30. ekaḥ eva hi krośāt ardhatṛtīyāt tu pāvayeta
brahmadeyānusaṃtānaḥ iti brahmavidaḥ viduḥ
30. Indeed, just one (such person) could purify (an area extending) for two and a half krośas. Those who know the ultimate reality (brahman) understand him to be a continuation of Brahmā's gift.
अनृत्विगनुपाध्यायः स चेदग्रासनं व्रजेत् ।
ऋत्विग्भिरननुज्ञातः पङ्क्त्या हरति दुष्कृतम् ॥३१॥
31. anṛtviganupādhyāyaḥ sa cedagrāsanaṁ vrajet ,
ṛtvigbhirananujñātaḥ paṅktyā harati duṣkṛtam.
31. anṛtvik anupādhyāyaḥ saḥ cet agrāsanam vrajet
ṛtvigbhiḥ ananujñātaḥ paṅktyā harati duṣkṛtam
31. saḥ anṛtvik anupādhyāyaḥ cet agrāsanam ṛtvigbhiḥ
ananujñātaḥ vrajet paṅktyā duṣkṛtam harati
31. If a person, not being a ritual priest (ṛtvik) or a teacher, occupies the foremost seat without the permission of the officiating priests, he takes away the merit of the entire row of guests.
अथ चेद्वेदवित्सर्वैः पङ्क्तिदोषैर्विवर्जितः ।
न च स्यात्पतितो राजन्पङ्क्तिपावन एव सः ॥३२॥
32. atha cedvedavitsarvaiḥ paṅktidoṣairvivarjitaḥ ,
na ca syātpatito rājanpaṅktipāvana eva saḥ.
32. atha cet vedavit sarvaiḥ paṅktidoṣaiḥ vivarjitaḥ
na ca syāt patitaḥ rājan paṅktipāvanaḥ eva saḥ
32. atha rājan cet vedavit sarvaiḥ paṅktidoṣaiḥ
vivarjitaḥ ca patitaḥ na syāt saḥ eva paṅktipāvanaḥ
32. But if, O king, a knower of the Vedas is free from all defects that might affect the assembly (paṅkti), and he is not a fallen person, then he is indeed a purifier of the assembly.
तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन परीक्ष्यामन्त्रयेद्द्विजान् ।
स्वकर्मनिरतान्दान्तान्कुले जातान्बहुश्रुतान् ॥३३॥
33. tasmātsarvaprayatnena parīkṣyāmantrayeddvijān ,
svakarmaniratāndāntānkule jātānbahuśrutān.
33. tasmāt sarvaprayatnena parīkṣya āmantrayet dvijān
svakarmaniratān dāntān kule jātān bahuśrutān
33. tasmāt sarvaprayatnena parīkṣya svakarmaniratān
dāntān kule jātān bahuśrutān dvijān āmantrayet
33. Therefore, one should make every effort to thoroughly examine and then invite Brahmins (dvija) who are diligently devoted to their proper duties (dharma), are self-controlled, come from good families, and are highly learned.
यस्य मित्रप्रधानानि श्राद्धानि च हवींषि च ।
न प्रीणाति पितॄन्देवान्स्वर्गं च न स गच्छति ॥३४॥
34. yasya mitrapradhānāni śrāddhāni ca havīṁṣi ca ,
na prīṇāti pitṝndevānsvargaṁ ca na sa gacchati.
34. yasya mitrapradhānāni śrāddhāni ca havīṃṣi ca na
prīṇāti pitṝn devān svargam ca na saḥ gacchati
34. yasya śrāddhāni ca havīṃṣi ca mitrapradhānāni
saḥ pitṝn devān na prīṇāti ca svargam na gacchati
34. The person whose ancestral rites (śrāddha) and oblations (haviṣ) are predominantly offered to friends does not satisfy the ancestors (pitṛ) or the gods (deva), nor does he attain heaven (svarga).
यश्च श्राद्धे कुरुते संगतानि न देवयानेन पथा स याति ।
स वै मुक्तः पिप्पलं बन्धनाद्वा स्वर्गाल्लोकाच्च्यवते श्राद्धमित्रः ॥३५॥
35. yaśca śrāddhe kurute saṁgatāni; na devayānena pathā sa yāti ,
sa vai muktaḥ pippalaṁ bandhanādvā; svargāllokāccyavate śrāddhamitraḥ.
35. yaḥ ca śrāddhe kurute saṅgatāni na
devayānena pathā saḥ yāti | saḥ
vai muktaḥ pippalam bandhanāt vā
svargāt lokāt cyavate śrāddhamitraḥ
35. yaḥ ca śrāddhe saṅgatāni kurute
saḥ devayānena pathā na yāti saḥ
śrāddhamitraḥ vai bandhanāt muktaḥ
pippalam vā svargāt lokāt cyavate
35. Whoever organizes social gatherings during a śrāddha (ancestral ritual) does not travel on the path of the gods (devayāna). Indeed, such a person, who treats friends as śrāddha guests, is deprived of the fruit (pippala) of liberation from bondage and falls from the heavenly worlds.
तस्मान्मित्रं श्राद्धकृन्नाद्रियेत दद्यान्मित्रेभ्यः संग्रहार्थं धनानि ।
यं मन्यते नैव शत्रुं न मित्रं तं मध्यस्थं भोजयेद्धव्यकव्ये ॥३६॥
36. tasmānmitraṁ śrāddhakṛnnādriyeta; dadyānmitrebhyaḥ saṁgrahārthaṁ dhanāni ,
yaṁ manyate naiva śatruṁ na mitraṁ; taṁ madhyasthaṁ bhojayeddhavyakavye.
36. tasmāt mitram śrāddhakṛt na ādriyeta
dadyāt mitrebhyaḥ saṅgrahārtham dhanāni
| yam manyate na eva śatrum na mitram
tam madhyastham bhojayet havya kavye
36. tasmāt śrāddhakṛt mitram na ādriyeta
mitrebhyaḥ saṅgrahārtham dhanāni dadyāt
yam śatrum na eva mitram na manyate
tam madhyastham havya kavye bhojayet
36. Therefore, the performer of a śrāddha (ancestral ritual) should not show special regard to a friend (as a guest). Instead, one should give wealth to friends for their support. One should feed in the ritual offerings (havya and kavya) that neutral person whom one considers neither an enemy nor a close friend.
यथोषरे बीजमुप्तं न रोहेन्न चास्योप्ता प्राप्नुयाद्बीजभागम् ।
एवं श्राद्धं भुक्तमनर्हमाणैर्न चेह नामुत्र फलं ददाति ॥३७॥
37. yathoṣare bījamuptaṁ na rohe;nna cāsyoptā prāpnuyādbījabhāgam ,
evaṁ śrāddhaṁ bhuktamanarhamāṇai;rna ceha nāmutra phalaṁ dadāti.
37. yathā ūṣare bījam uptam na rohet na
ca asya uptā prāpnuyāt bījabhāgam
| evam śrāddham bhuktam anarhāmāṇaiḥ
na ca iha na amutra phalam dadāti
37. yathā ūṣare uptam bījam na rohet ca
asya uptā bījabhāgam na prāpnuyāt
evam anarhāmāṇaiḥ bhuktam śrāddham
ca iha na amutra phalam na dadāti
37. Just as seed sown in barren land does not grow, and its sower does not obtain a share of the seed. Similarly, a śrāddha (ancestral ritual) eaten by unworthy people yields no fruit in this world or the next.
ब्राह्मणो ह्यनधीयानस्तृणाग्निरिव शाम्यति ।
तस्मै श्राद्धं न दातव्यं न हि भस्मनि हूयते ॥३८॥
38. brāhmaṇo hyanadhīyānastṛṇāgniriva śāmyati ,
tasmai śrāddhaṁ na dātavyaṁ na hi bhasmani hūyate.
38. brāhmaṇaḥ hi anadhīyānaḥ tṛṇāgniḥ iva śāmyati |
tasmai śrāddham na dātavyam na hi bhasmani hūyate
38. hi anadhīyānaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ tṛṇāgniḥ iva śāmyati
tasmai śrāddham na dātavyam hi bhasmani na hūyate
38. Indeed, a Brahmin who does not study (the Vedas) subsides like a fire made of grass. To such a one, a śrāddha (ancestral ritual) should not be given, for it is not offered into ashes.
संभोजनी नाम पिशाचदक्षिणा सा नैव देवान्न पितॄनुपैति ।
इहैव सा भ्राम्यति क्षीणपुण्या शालान्तरे गौरिव नष्टवत्सा ॥३९॥
39. saṁbhojanī nāma piśācadakṣiṇā; sā naiva devānna pitṝnupaiti ,
ihaiva sā bhrāmyati kṣīṇapuṇyā; śālāntare gauriva naṣṭavatsā.
39. saṃbhojanī nāma piśācadakṣiṇā sā
na eva devān na pitṝn upaiti
| iha eva sā bhrāmyati kṣīṇapuṇyā
śālāntare gauḥ iva naṣṭavatsā
39. saṃbhojanī nāma piśācadakṣiṇā sā devān na eva upaiti,
pitṝn na upaiti sā kṣīṇapuṇyā naṣṭavatsā gauḥ iva śālāntare iha eva bhrāmyati
39. That communal feast, called a 'goblin's offering', neither reaches the gods nor the ancestors. Instead, she, with her merit depleted, wanders here in this very enclosure, like a cow that has lost its calf.
यथाग्नौ शान्ते घृतमाजुहोति तन्नैव देवान्न पितॄनुपैति ।
तथा दत्तं नर्तने गायने च यां चानृचे दक्षिणामावृणोति ॥४०॥
40. yathāgnau śānte ghṛtamājuhoti; tannaiva devānna pitṝnupaiti ,
tathā dattaṁ nartane gāyane ca; yāṁ cānṛce dakṣiṇāmāvṛṇoti.
40. yathā agnau śānte ghṛtam ā juhoti
tat na eva devān na pitṝn upaiti
| tathā dattam nartane gāyane
ca yām ca anṛce dakṣiṇām āvṛṇoti
40. yathā śānte agnau ghṛtam ā juhoti,
tat devān na eva upaiti,
pitṝn na upaiti tathā nartane gāyane ca dattam,
ca yām anṛce dakṣiṇām āvṛṇoti (sā api na upaiti)
40. Just as an offering of clarified butter poured into an extinguished fire reaches neither the gods nor the ancestors, similarly, that which is given for dancing and singing, and the offering (dakṣiṇā) bestowed upon one not versed in Vedic lore (anṛce), also does not reach them.
उभौ हिनस्ति न भुनक्ति चैषा या चानृचे दक्षिणा दीयते वै ।
आघातनी गर्हितैषा पतन्ती तेषां प्रेतान्पातयेद्देवयानात् ॥४१॥
41. ubhau hinasti na bhunakti caiṣā; yā cānṛce dakṣiṇā dīyate vai ,
āghātanī garhitaiṣā patantī; teṣāṁ pretānpātayeddevayānāt.
41. ubhau hinasti na bhunakti ca eṣā
yā ca anṛce dakṣiṇā dīyate vai
| āghātanī garhitā eṣā patantī
teṣām pretān pātayet devayānāt
41. yā ca anṛce dakṣiṇā vai dīyate,
eṣā ubhau na hinasti ca na bhunakti eṣā āghātanī garhitā patantī teṣām pretān devayānāt pātayet
41. That offering (dakṣiṇā) which is given to one not versed in Vedic lore (anṛce) injures both (the giver and recipient) and benefits neither. This despicable, destructive act, leading to downfall, would cast the departed spirits (pretān) of such people away from the path of the gods (devayāna).
ऋषीणां समयं नित्यं ये चरन्ति युधिष्ठिर ।
निश्चिताः सर्वधर्मज्ञास्तान्देवा ब्राह्मणान्विदुः ॥४२॥
42. ṛṣīṇāṁ samayaṁ nityaṁ ye caranti yudhiṣṭhira ,
niścitāḥ sarvadharmajñāstāndevā brāhmaṇānviduḥ.
42. ṛṣīṇām samayam nityam ye caranti yudhiṣṭhira |
niścitāḥ sarvadharmajñāḥ tān devāḥ brāhmaṇān viduḥ
42. yudhiṣṭhira,
ye ṛṣīṇām samayam nityam caranti,
niścitāḥ sarvadharmajñāḥ tān devāḥ brāhmaṇān viduḥ
42. O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who constantly follow the established conduct (samayam) of the sages, who are resolute and knowledgeable in all aspects of natural law (dharma), them the gods consider to be true brahmins.
स्वाध्यायनिष्ठा ऋषयो ज्ञाननिष्ठास्तथैव च ।
तपोनिष्ठाश्च बोद्धव्याः कर्मनिष्ठाश्च भारत ॥४३॥
43. svādhyāyaniṣṭhā ṛṣayo jñānaniṣṭhāstathaiva ca ,
taponiṣṭhāśca boddhavyāḥ karmaniṣṭhāśca bhārata.
43. svādhyāya-niṣṭhāḥ ṛṣayaḥ jñāna-niṣṭhāḥ tathā eva ca
tapaḥ-niṣṭhāḥ ca boddhavyāḥ karma-niṣṭhāḥ ca bhārata
43. bhārata svādhyāya-niṣṭhāḥ ṛṣayaḥ tathā eva ca
jñāna-niṣṭhāḥ ca tapaḥ-niṣṭhāḥ ca karma-niṣṭhāḥ boddhavyāḥ
43. O Bhārata, the sages who are dedicated to self-study, and likewise those dedicated to knowledge, and those dedicated to ascetic practice (tapas), and those dedicated to action (karma) – all of them should be recognized.
कव्यानि ज्ञाननिष्ठेभ्यः प्रतिष्ठाप्यानि भारत ।
तत्र ये ब्राह्मणाः केचिन्न निन्दति हि ते वराः ॥४४॥
44. kavyāni jñānaniṣṭhebhyaḥ pratiṣṭhāpyāni bhārata ,
tatra ye brāhmaṇāḥ kecinna nindati hi te varāḥ.
44. kavyāni jñāna-niṣṭhebhyaḥ pratiṣṭhāpyāni bhārata
tatra ye brāhmaṇāḥ kecit na nindati hi te varāḥ
44. bhārata jñāna-niṣṭhebhyaḥ kavyāni pratiṣṭhāpyāni
tatra ye kecit brāhmaṇāḥ na nindati hi te varāḥ
44. O Bhārata, offerings meant for ancestors should be presented to those who are dedicated to knowledge. Among them, those brahmins who do not criticize are indeed excellent.
ये तु निन्दन्ति जल्पेषु न ताञ्श्राद्धेषु भोजयेत् ।
ब्राह्मणा निन्दिता राजन्हन्युस्त्रिपुरुषं कुलम् ॥४५॥
45. ye tu nindanti jalpeṣu na tāñśrāddheṣu bhojayet ,
brāhmaṇā ninditā rājanhanyustripuruṣaṁ kulam.
45. ye tu nindanti jalpeṣu na tān śrāddheṣu bhojayet
brāhmaṇāḥ ninditāḥ rājan hanyūḥ tri-puruṣam kulam
45. ye tu jalpeṣu nindanti tān śrāddheṣu na bhojayet
rājan ninditāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ tri-puruṣam kulam hanyūḥ
45. But those who criticize in discussions should not be fed during ancestral rites (śrāddha). O king, brahmins who have been criticized would destroy a family for three generations.
वैखानसानां वचनमृषीणां श्रूयते नृप ।
दूरादेव परीक्षेत ब्राह्मणान्वेदपारगान् ।
प्रियान्वा यदि वा द्वेष्यांस्तेषु तच्छ्राद्धमावपेत् ॥४६॥
46. vaikhānasānāṁ vacanamṛṣīṇāṁ śrūyate nṛpa ,
dūrādeva parīkṣeta brāhmaṇānvedapāragān ,
priyānvā yadi vā dveṣyāṁsteṣu tacchrāddhamāvapet.
46. vaikhānasānām vacanam ṛṣīṇām śrūyate
nṛpa dūrāt eva parīkṣeta
brāhmaṇān veda-pāragān priyān vā yadi
vā dveṣyān teṣu tat śrāddham āvapet
46. nṛpa vaikhānasānām ṛṣīṇām vacanam
śrūyate dūrāt eva veda-pāragān
brāhmaṇān parīkṣeta priyān vā yadi
vā dveṣyān teṣu tat śrāddham āvapet
46. O king, the saying of the Vaikhānasa forest hermits (muni) and sages (ṛṣi) is heard: one should examine brahmins who have mastered the Vedas from a distance. Whether they are agreeable or disagreeable, one should offer that ancestral rite (śrāddha) to them.
यः सहस्रं सहस्राणां भोजयेदनृचां नरः ।
एकस्तान्मन्त्रवित्प्रीतः सर्वानर्हति भारत ॥४७॥
47. yaḥ sahasraṁ sahasrāṇāṁ bhojayedanṛcāṁ naraḥ ,
ekastānmantravitprītaḥ sarvānarhati bhārata.
47. yaḥ sahasram sahasrāṇām bhojayet anṛcām naraḥ
ekaḥ tān mantravit prītaḥ sarvān arhati bhārata
47. bhārata yaḥ naraḥ sahasrāṇām sahasram anṛcām
bhojayet ekaḥ prītaḥ mantravit tān sarvān arhati
47. O Bhārata, a single man who is a knower of sacred incantations (mantra) and is pleased, is worthy of the merit of feeding even a thousand times a thousand men who are ignorant of the Vedic hymns.