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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-33

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
किं राज्ञः सर्वकृत्यानां गरीयः स्यात्पितामह ।
किं कुर्वन्कर्म नृपतिरुभौ लोकौ समश्नुते ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kiṁ rājñaḥ sarvakṛtyānāṁ garīyaḥ syātpitāmaha ,
kiṁ kurvankarma nṛpatirubhau lokau samaśnute.
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kim rājñaḥ sarvakṛtyānām garīyaḥ syāt
pitāmaha kim kurvan karma nṛpatiḥ ubhau lokau samaśnute
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: “O Grandfather, what is the most significant (garīyaḥ) among all the duties of a king? By performing what action (karma) does a ruler attain both worlds?”
भीष्म उवाच ।
एतद्राज्ञः कृत्यतममभिषिक्तस्य भारत ।
ब्राह्मणानामनुष्ठानमत्यन्तं सुखमिच्छता ।
श्रोत्रियान्ब्राह्मणान्वृद्धान्नित्यमेवाभिपूजयेत् ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
etadrājñaḥ kṛtyatamamabhiṣiktasya bhārata ,
brāhmaṇānāmanuṣṭhānamatyantaṁ sukhamicchatā ,
śrotriyānbrāhmaṇānvṛddhānnityamevābhipūjayet.
2. bhīṣma uvāca etat rājñaḥ kṛtyatamam
abhiṣiktasya bhārata brāhmaṇānām anuṣṭhānam
atyantam sukham icchatā śrotriyān
brāhmaṇān vṛddhān nityam eva abhipūjayet
2. Bhīṣma said: “O Bhārata, this is the most crucial duty of an anointed king; for one who desires ultimate happiness, it is the proper support of the Brahmins. He should always honor learned (śrotriya) and elderly Brahmins.”
पौरजानपदांश्चापि ब्राह्मणांश्च बहुश्रुतान् ।
सान्त्वेन भोगदानेन नमस्कारैस्तथार्चयेत् ॥३॥
3. paurajānapadāṁścāpi brāhmaṇāṁśca bahuśrutān ,
sāntvena bhogadānena namaskāraistathārcayet.
3. paurajānapadān ca api brāhmaṇān ca bahuśrutān
sāntvena bhogadānena namaskāraiḥ tathā arcayet
3. api ca paurajānapadān ca bahuśrutān brāhmaṇān
sāntvena bhogadānena tathā namaskāraiḥ arcayet
3. One should honor the citizens, countryfolk, and also the highly learned Brahmins with gentle words, generous gifts, and respectful salutations.
एतत्कृत्यतमं राज्ञो नित्यमेवेति लक्षयेत् ।
यथात्मानं यथा पुत्रांस्तथैतान्परिपालयेत् ॥४॥
4. etatkṛtyatamaṁ rājño nityameveti lakṣayet ,
yathātmānaṁ yathā putrāṁstathaitānparipālayet.
4. etat kṛtyatamam rājñaḥ nityam eva iti lakṣayet
yathā ātmānam yathā putrān tathā etān paripālayet
4. rājñaḥ etat nityam eva kṛtyatamam iti lakṣayet
yathā ātmānam yathā putrān tathā etān paripālayet
4. A king should always consider this to be his most crucial duty. Just as he protects himself (ātman) and his sons, so too should he protect these (citizens and learned Brahmins).
ये चाप्येषां पूज्यतमास्तान्दृढं प्रतिपूजयेत् ।
तेषु शान्तेषु तद्राष्ट्रं सर्वमेव विराजते ॥५॥
5. ye cāpyeṣāṁ pūjyatamāstāndṛḍhaṁ pratipūjayet ,
teṣu śānteṣu tadrāṣṭraṁ sarvameva virājate.
5. ye ca api eṣām pūjyatamaāḥ tān dṛḍham pratipūjayet
teṣu śānteṣu tad rāṣṭram sarvam eva virājate
5. api ca eṣām ye pūjyatamaāḥ tān dṛḍham pratipūjayet
teṣu śānteṣu tad sarvam eva rāṣṭram virājate
5. And among these (people), those who are the most revered, he should honor them steadfastly. When those revered individuals are content, that entire kingdom indeed prospers.
ते पूज्यास्ते नमस्कार्यास्ते रक्ष्याः पितरो यथा ।
तेष्वेव यात्रा लोकस्य भूतानामिव वासवे ॥६॥
6. te pūjyāste namaskāryāste rakṣyāḥ pitaro yathā ,
teṣveva yātrā lokasya bhūtānāmiva vāsave.
6. te pūjyāḥ te namaskāryāḥ te rakṣyāḥ pitaraḥ
yathā teṣu eva yātrā lokasya bhūtānām iva vāsave
6. yathā pitaraḥ te pūjyāḥ te namaskāryāḥ te rakṣyāḥ
lokasya yātrā teṣu eva bhūtānām vāsave iva
6. They are to be honored, saluted, and protected just like one's ancestors. The progress and well-being of the people truly depend on them, just as the sustenance of all beings depends on Indra (Vāsava).
अभिचारैरुपायैश्च दहेयुरपि तेजसा ।
निःशेषं कुपिताः कुर्युरुग्राः सत्यपराक्रमाः ॥७॥
7. abhicārairupāyaiśca daheyurapi tejasā ,
niḥśeṣaṁ kupitāḥ kuryurugrāḥ satyaparākramāḥ.
7. abhicāraiḥ upāyaiḥ ca daheyuḥ api tejasā
niḥśeṣam kupitāḥ kuryuḥ ugrāḥ satyaparākramāḥ
7. kupitāḥ ugrāḥ satyaparākramāḥ abhicāraiḥ
upāyaiḥ ca api tejasā daheyuḥ niḥśeṣam kuryuḥ
7. Even with magical spells and other stratagems, they could burn (others) with their spiritual power. When angered, these formidable individuals, whose prowess is based on truth, would bring about complete destruction.
नान्तमेषां प्रपश्यामि न दिशश्चाप्यपावृताः ।
कुपिताः समुदीक्षन्ते दावेष्वग्निशिखा इव ॥८॥
8. nāntameṣāṁ prapaśyāmi na diśaścāpyapāvṛtāḥ ,
kupitāḥ samudīkṣante dāveṣvagniśikhā iva.
8. na antam eṣām prapaśyāmi na diśaḥ ca api apāvṛtāḥ
kupitāḥ samudīkṣante dāveṣu agniśikhāḥ iva
8. eṣām antam na prapaśyāmi,
diśaḥ ca api apāvṛtāḥ na.
kupitāḥ dāveṣu agniśikhāḥ iva samudīkṣante.
8. I see no end for them, nor are the directions unobstructed by them. When angered, they gaze like flames in raging forest fires.
विद्यन्तेषां साहसिका गुणास्तेषामतीव हि ।
कूपा इव तृणच्छन्ना विशुद्धा द्यौरिवापरे ॥९॥
9. vidyanteṣāṁ sāhasikā guṇāsteṣāmatīva hi ,
kūpā iva tṛṇacchannā viśuddhā dyaurivāpare.
9. vidyante eṣām sāhasikāḥ guṇāḥ teṣām atīva hi
kūpāḥ iva tṛṇacchannāḥ viśuddhā dyauḥ iva apare
9. eṣām teṣām atīva hi sāhasikāḥ guṇāḥ vidyante.
apare tṛṇacchannāḥ kūpāḥ iva,
apare ca viśuddhā dyauḥ iva.
9. Indeed, they possess exceptionally daring qualities. Some (among them) are like wells hidden by grass, while others are like the pure sky.
प्रसह्यकारिणः केचित्कार्पासमृदवोऽपरे ।
सन्ति चैषामतिशठास्तथान्येऽतितपस्विनः ॥१०॥
10. prasahyakāriṇaḥ kecitkārpāsamṛdavo'pare ,
santi caiṣāmatiśaṭhāstathānye'titapasvinaḥ.
10. prasahyakāriṇaḥ kecit kārpāsamṛdavaḥ apare
santi ca eṣām atiśaṭhāḥ tathā anye atitapasvinaḥ
10. kecit prasahyakāriṇaḥ.
apare kārpāsamṛdavaḥ.
ca eṣām atiśaṭhāḥ santi,
tathā anye atitapasvinaḥ.
10. Some are forcefully aggressive, while others are as soft as cotton. And among them are extremely deceitful individuals, just as there are others who are greatly ascetic (tapasvin).
कृषिगोरक्ष्यमप्यन्ये भैक्षमन्येऽप्यनुष्ठिताः ।
चोराश्चान्येऽनृताश्चान्ये तथान्ये नटनर्तकाः ॥११॥
11. kṛṣigorakṣyamapyanye bhaikṣamanye'pyanuṣṭhitāḥ ,
corāścānye'nṛtāścānye tathānye naṭanartakāḥ.
11. kṛṣigorakṣyam api anye bhaikṣam anye api anuṣṭhitāḥ
corāḥ ca anye anṛtāḥ ca anye tathā anye naṭanartakāḥ
11. Others pursue agriculture and cattle-rearing, while still others live by begging. There are also those who are thieves, and others who are dishonest, and similarly, there are those who are actors and dancers.
सर्वकर्मसु दृश्यन्ते प्रशान्तेष्वितरेषु च ।
विविधाचारयुक्ताश्च ब्राह्मणा भरतर्षभ ॥१२॥
12. sarvakarmasu dṛśyante praśānteṣvitareṣu ca ,
vividhācārayuktāśca brāhmaṇā bharatarṣabha.
12. sarvakarmasu dṛśyante praśānteṣu itareṣu ca
vividhācārayuktāḥ ca brāhmaṇāḥ bharatarṣabha
12. O best of Bharatas, Brahmins (brāhmaṇa) are observed engaging in all kinds of actions, both peaceful and otherwise, and they are associated with various practices and customs.
नानाकर्मसु युक्तानां बहुकर्मोपजीविनाम् ।
धर्मज्ञानां सतां तेषां नित्यमेवानुकीर्तयेत् ॥१३॥
13. nānākarmasu yuktānāṁ bahukarmopajīvinām ,
dharmajñānāṁ satāṁ teṣāṁ nityamevānukīrtayet.
13. nānākarmasu yuktānām bahukarmopajīvinām
dharmajñānām satām teṣām nityam eva anukīrtayet
13. One should always indeed praise those virtuous individuals (sat) who are engaged in various activities, who subsist through many professions, and who are knowers of (dharma).
पितॄणां देवतानां च मनुष्योरगरक्षसाम् ।
पुरोहिता महाभागा ब्राह्मणा वै नराधिप ॥१४॥
14. pitṝṇāṁ devatānāṁ ca manuṣyoragarakṣasām ,
purohitā mahābhāgā brāhmaṇā vai narādhipa.
14. pitṝṇām devatānām ca manuṣyoragarakṣasām
purohitāḥ mahābhāgāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ vai narādhipa
14. O king (narādhipa), the illustrious Brahmins (brāhmaṇa) are indeed the priests for the ancestors, the gods, and for humans, serpents, and rākṣasas.
नैते देवैर्न पितृभिर्न गन्धर्वैर्न राक्षसैः ।
नासुरैर्न पिशाचैश्च शक्या जेतुं द्विजातयः ॥१५॥
15. naite devairna pitṛbhirna gandharvairna rākṣasaiḥ ,
nāsurairna piśācaiśca śakyā jetuṁ dvijātayaḥ.
15. na ete devaiḥ na pitṛbhiḥ na gandharvaiḥ na rākṣasaiḥ
na asuraiḥ na piśācaiḥ ca śakyāḥ jetum dvijātayaḥ
15. ete dvijātayaḥ devaiḥ na pitṛbhiḥ na gandharvaiḥ na
rākṣasaiḥ na asuraiḥ na piśācaiḥ ca jetum na śakyāḥ
15. These twice-born cannot be overcome by gods, ancestors, gandharvas, rākṣasas, asuras, or even piśācas.
अदैवं दैवतं कुर्युर्दैवतं चाप्यदैवतम् ।
यमिच्छेयुः स राजा स्याद्यं द्विष्युः स पराभवेत् ॥१६॥
16. adaivaṁ daivataṁ kuryurdaivataṁ cāpyadaivatam ,
yamiccheyuḥ sa rājā syādyaṁ dviṣyuḥ sa parābhavet.
16. adaivam daivatam kuryuḥ daivatam ca api adaivatam
yam iccheyuḥ sa rājā syāt yam dviṣyuḥ sa parābhavet
16. adaivam daivatam kuryuḥ ca api daivatam adaivatam (kuryuḥ).
yam iccheyuḥ sa rājā syāt.
yam dviṣyuḥ sa parābhavet.
16. They can render the non-divine divine, and the divine non-divine. Whomsoever they desire would become king, and whomsoever they dislike would suffer defeat.
परिवादं च ये कुर्युर्ब्राह्मणानामचेतसः ।
निन्दाप्रशंसाकुशलाः कीर्त्यकीर्तिपरावराः ।
परिकुप्यन्ति ते राजन्सततं द्विषतां द्विजाः ॥१७॥
17. parivādaṁ ca ye kuryurbrāhmaṇānāmacetasaḥ ,
nindāpraśaṁsākuśalāḥ kīrtyakīrtiparāvarāḥ ,
parikupyanti te rājansatataṁ dviṣatāṁ dvijāḥ.
17. parivādam ca ye kuryuḥ brāhmaṇānām
acetasaḥ nindāpraśaṃsākuśalāḥ
kīrtyakīrtiparāvarāḥ parikupyanti
te rājan satatam dviṣatām dvijāḥ
17. rājan,
ye acetasaḥ nindāpraśaṃsākuśalāḥ kīrtyakīrtiparāvarāḥ brāhmaṇānām parivādam ca kuryuḥ,
te dvijāḥ satatam dviṣatām parikupyanti.
17. O King, those senseless individuals who engage in slandering brahmins, who are adept at both criticism and praise, and who consider fame and infamy as paramount - those brahmins become perpetually enraged at their adversaries.
ब्राह्मणा यं प्रशंसन्ति पुरुषः स प्रवर्धते ।
ब्राह्मणैर्यः पराक्रुष्टः पराभूयात्क्षणाद्धि सः ॥१८॥
18. brāhmaṇā yaṁ praśaṁsanti puruṣaḥ sa pravardhate ,
brāhmaṇairyaḥ parākruṣṭaḥ parābhūyātkṣaṇāddhi saḥ.
18. brāhmaṇāḥ yam praśaṃsanti puruṣaḥ sa pravardhate
brāhmaṇaiḥ yaḥ parākruṣṭaḥ parābhūyāt kṣaṇāt hi saḥ
18. brāhmaṇāḥ yam puruṣam praśaṃsanti,
sa pravardhate.
yaḥ brāhmaṇaiḥ parākruṣṭaḥ,
sa hi kṣaṇāt parābhūyāt.
18. The person whom brahmins commend truly prospers. Conversely, whoever is strongly condemned by brahmins is indeed defeated in an instant.
शका यवनकाम्बोजास्तास्ताः क्षत्रियजातयः ।
वृषलत्वं परिगता ब्राह्मणानामदर्शनात् ॥१९॥
19. śakā yavanakāmbojāstāstāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ ,
vṛṣalatvaṁ parigatā brāhmaṇānāmadarśanāt.
19. śakāḥ yavanakāmbojāḥ tāḥ tāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ
vr̥ṣalatvam parigatāḥ brāhmaṇānām adarśanāt
19. śakāḥ yavanakāmbojāḥ tāḥ tāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ
brāhmaṇānām adarśanāt vr̥ṣalatvam parigatāḥ
19. The Śakas, Yavanas, and Kambojas - those various kṣatriya tribes - have fallen into the state of śūdras (vr̥ṣalatva) due to the absence of Brahmins.
द्रमिळाश्च कलिङ्गाश्च पुलिन्दाश्चाप्युशीनराः ।
कौलाः सर्पा माहिषकास्तास्ताः क्षत्रियजातयः ॥२०॥
20. dramiळāśca kaliṅgāśca pulindāścāpyuśīnarāḥ ,
kaulāḥ sarpā māhiṣakāstāstāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ.
20. dramiḷāḥ ca kaliṅgāḥ ca pulindāḥ ca api uśīnarāḥ
kaulāḥ sarpāḥ māhiṣakāḥ tāḥ tāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ
20. dramiḷāḥ ca kaliṅgāḥ ca pulindāḥ ca api uśīnarāḥ
kaulāḥ sarpāḥ māhiṣakāḥ tāḥ tāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ
20. And the Dramiḷas, the Kaliṅgas, the Pulindas, and also the Uśīnaras; the Kaulas, the Sarpas, and the Māhiṣakas - those various kṣatriya tribes.
वृषलत्वं परिगता ब्राह्मणानामदर्शनात् ।
श्रेयान्पराजयस्तेभ्यो न जयो जयतां वर ॥२१॥
21. vṛṣalatvaṁ parigatā brāhmaṇānāmadarśanāt ,
śreyānparājayastebhyo na jayo jayatāṁ vara.
21. vr̥ṣalatvam parigatāḥ brāhmaṇānām adarśanāt
śreyān parājayaḥ tebhyaḥ na jayaḥ jayatām vara
21. brāhmaṇānām adarśanāt vr̥ṣalatvam parigatāḥ
jayatām vara tebhyaḥ parājayaḥ śreyān na jayaḥ
21. They have fallen into the state of śūdras (vr̥ṣalatva) due to the absence of Brahmins. O best of conquerors, defeat (at their hands) is superior; not victory (over them).
यस्तु सर्वमिदं हन्याद्ब्राह्मणं च न तत्समम् ।
ब्रह्मवध्या महान्दोष इत्याहुः परमर्षयः ॥२२॥
22. yastu sarvamidaṁ hanyādbrāhmaṇaṁ ca na tatsamam ,
brahmavadhyā mahāndoṣa ityāhuḥ paramarṣayaḥ.
22. yaḥ tu sarvam idam hanyāt brāhmaṇam ca na tat samam
brahmavadhyā mahān doṣaḥ iti āhuḥ paramarṣayaḥ
22. yaḥ tu sarvam idam ca brāhmaṇam hanyāt,
tat na samam.
paramarṣayaḥ iti āhuḥ brahmavadhyā mahān doṣaḥ.
22. But whoever would kill all of this (creation), even that is not comparable to killing a Brahmin. The great sages (paramarṣi) declare that the killing of a Brahmin (brahmavadhyā) is a great sin.
परिवादो द्विजातीनां न श्रोतव्यः कथंचन ।
आसीताधोमुखस्तूष्णीं समुत्थाय व्रजेत वा ॥२३॥
23. parivādo dvijātīnāṁ na śrotavyaḥ kathaṁcana ,
āsītādhomukhastūṣṇīṁ samutthāya vrajeta vā.
23. parivādaḥ dvijātīnām na śrotavyaḥ kathañcana
āsīta adhomukhaḥ tūṣṇīm samutthāya vrajeta vā
23. dvijātīnām parivādaḥ kathañcana na śrotavyaḥ
adhomukhaḥ tūṣṇīm āsīta vā samutthāya vrajeta
23. One should never listen to defamation of the twice-born (dvijāti). Instead, one should sit silently with a downward-turned face, or rise and depart.
न स जातो जनिष्यो वा पृथिव्यामिह कश्चन ।
यो ब्राह्मणविरोधेन सुखं जीवितुमुत्सहेत् ॥२४॥
24. na sa jāto janiṣyo vā pṛthivyāmiha kaścana ,
yo brāhmaṇavirodhena sukhaṁ jīvitumutsahet.
24. na sa jātaḥ janiṣyaḥ vā pṛthivyām iha kaścana
yaḥ brāhmaṇavirodhena sukham jīvitum utsahet
24. iha pṛthivyām kaścana saḥ na jātaḥ vā janiṣyaḥ
yaḥ brāhmaṇavirodhena sukham jīvitum utsahet
24. There is no one on this earth, born or yet to be born, who would dare to live happily in opposition to a Brahmin.
दुर्ग्रहो मुष्टिना वायुर्दुःस्पर्शः पाणिना शशी ।
दुर्धरा पृथिवी मूर्ध्ना दुर्जया ब्राह्मणा भुवि ॥२५॥
25. durgraho muṣṭinā vāyurduḥsparśaḥ pāṇinā śaśī ,
durdharā pṛthivī mūrdhnā durjayā brāhmaṇā bhuvi.
25. durgrāhaḥ muṣṭinā vāyuḥ duḥsparśaḥ pāṇinā śaśī
durdharā pṛthivī mūrdhnā durjayā brāhmaṇā bhuvi
25. vāyuḥ muṣṭinā durgrāhaḥ śaśī pāṇinā duḥsparśaḥ
pṛthivī mūrdhnā durdharā bhuvi brāhmaṇā durjayā
25. Air is difficult to grasp with a fist; the moon is difficult to touch with a hand. The earth is difficult to bear on the head; Brahmins are difficult to conquer on earth.