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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-56

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जनमेजय उवाच ।
कथितं वै समासेन त्वया सर्वं द्विजोत्तम ।
महाभारतमाख्यानं कुरूणां चरितं महत् ॥१॥
1. janamejaya uvāca ,
kathitaṁ vai samāsena tvayā sarvaṁ dvijottama ,
mahābhāratamākhyānaṁ kurūṇāṁ caritaṁ mahat.
1. Janamejaya uvāca kathitam vai samāsena tvayā sarvam
dvijottama Mahābhāratam ākhyānam Kurūṇām caritam mahat
1. Janamejaya said: 'O best of brāhmaṇas, you have indeed briefly recounted everything – the Mahābhārata narrative and the great history of the Kurus.'
कथां त्वनघ चित्रार्थामिमां कथयति त्वयि ।
विस्तरश्रवणे जातं कौतूहलमतीव मे ॥२॥
2. kathāṁ tvanagha citrārthāmimāṁ kathayati tvayi ,
vistaraśravaṇe jātaṁ kautūhalamatīva me.
2. kathām tu anagha citrārthām imām kathayati
tvayi vistara-śravaṇe jātam kautūhalam atīva me
2. O sinless one, as you narrate this story of varied and wonderful meanings, a very great curiosity has arisen in me to hear it in full detail.
स भवान्विस्तरेणेमां पुनराख्यातुमर्हति ।
न हि तृप्यामि पूर्वेषां शृण्वानश्चरितं महत् ॥३॥
3. sa bhavānvistareṇemāṁ punarākhyātumarhati ,
na hi tṛpyāmi pūrveṣāṁ śṛṇvānaścaritaṁ mahat.
3. saḥ bhavān vistareṇa imām punaḥ ākhyātum arhati
na hi tṛpyāmi pūrveṣām śṛṇvān caritam mahat
3. You, sir, ought to narrate this again in detail, for I am never satisfied hearing the great deeds of the ancestors.
न तत्कारणमल्पं हि धर्मज्ञा यत्र पाण्डवाः ।
अवध्यान्सर्वशो जघ्नुः प्रशस्यन्ते च मानवैः ॥४॥
4. na tatkāraṇamalpaṁ hi dharmajñā yatra pāṇḍavāḥ ,
avadhyānsarvaśo jaghnuḥ praśasyante ca mānavaiḥ.
4. na tat kāraṇam alpam hi dharmajñāḥ yatra pāṇḍavāḥ
avadhyān sarvaśaḥ jaghnuḥ praśasyante ca mānavaiḥ
4. Surely, the reason cannot be insignificant why the Pāṇḍavas, who know Dharma, completely killed those who should not have been killed, and are nevertheless praised by people.
किमर्थं ते नरव्याघ्राः शक्ताः सन्तो ह्यनागसः ।
प्रयुज्यमानान्संक्लेशान्क्षान्तवन्तो दुरात्मनाम् ॥५॥
5. kimarthaṁ te naravyāghrāḥ śaktāḥ santo hyanāgasaḥ ,
prayujyamānānsaṁkleśānkṣāntavanto durātmanām.
5. kimartham te naravyāghrāḥ śaktāḥ santaḥ hi anāgasaḥ
prayujyamānān saṁkleśān kṣāntavantaḥ durātmanām
5. Why did those tiger-like men, though powerful and innocent, tolerate the torments inflicted upon them by the wicked?
कथं नागायुतप्राणो बाहुशाली वृकोदरः ।
परिक्लिश्यन्नपि क्रोधं धृतवान्वै द्विजोत्तम ॥६॥
6. kathaṁ nāgāyutaprāṇo bāhuśālī vṛkodaraḥ ,
parikliśyannapi krodhaṁ dhṛtavānvai dvijottama.
6. katham nāgāyutaprāṇaḥ bāhuśālī vṛkodaraḥ
parikliśyan api krodham dhṛtavān vai dvijottama
6. O best of Brahmins, how did Vṛkodara (Bhīma), who had the strength of ten thousand elephants and was mighty-armed, restrain his anger even when he was greatly tormented?
कथं सा द्रौपदी कृष्णा क्लिश्यमाना दुरात्मभिः ।
शक्ता सती धार्तराष्ट्रान्नादहद्घोरचक्षुषा ॥७॥
7. kathaṁ sā draupadī kṛṣṇā kliśyamānā durātmabhiḥ ,
śaktā satī dhārtarāṣṭrānnādahadghoracakṣuṣā.
7. katham sā draupadī kṛṣṇā kliśyamānā durātmabhiḥ
śaktā satī dhārtarāṣṭrān na adahat ghoracakṣuṣā
7. How is it that Draupadī, known as Kṛṣṇā, though tormented by the wicked and herself capable, did not burn the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra with her terrible gaze?
कथं व्यतिक्रमन्द्यूते पार्थौ माद्रीसुतौ तथा ।
अनुव्रजन्नरव्याघ्रं वञ्च्यमानं दुरात्मभिः ॥८॥
8. kathaṁ vyatikramandyūte pārthau mādrīsutau tathā ,
anuvrajannaravyāghraṁ vañcyamānaṁ durātmabhiḥ.
8. katham vyatikraman dyūte pārthau mādrīsutau tathā
anuvrajan naravyāghram vañcyamānam durātmabhiḥ
8. How did the Pārthas and the sons of Mādrī commit a transgression in the game of dice, while following the tiger among men (Yudhiṣṭhira) who was being deceived by wicked individuals?
कथं धर्मभृतां श्रेष्ठः सुतो धर्मस्य धर्मवित् ।
अनर्हः परमं क्लेशं सोढवान्स युधिष्ठिरः ॥९॥
9. kathaṁ dharmabhṛtāṁ śreṣṭhaḥ suto dharmasya dharmavit ,
anarhaḥ paramaṁ kleśaṁ soḍhavānsa yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.
9. katham dharmabhṛtām śreṣṭhaḥ sutaḥ dharmasya dharmavit
anarhaḥ paramam kleśam soḍhavān saḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
9. How did that Yudhiṣṭhira, the best among those who uphold righteousness, the son of Dharma, and a knower of dharma, endure such supreme suffering, even though he was undeserving of it?
कथं च बहुलाः सेनाः पाण्डवः कृष्णसारथिः ।
अस्यन्नेकोऽनयत्सर्वाः पितृलोकं धनंजयः ॥१०॥
10. kathaṁ ca bahulāḥ senāḥ pāṇḍavaḥ kṛṣṇasārathiḥ ,
asyanneko'nayatsarvāḥ pitṛlokaṁ dhanaṁjayaḥ.
10. katham ca bahulāḥ senāḥ pāṇḍavaḥ kṛṣṇasārathiḥ
asyan ekaḥ anayāt sarvāḥ pitṛlokam dhanañjayaḥ
10. And how did Dhanañjaya, the Pāṇḍava whose charioteer was Kṛṣṇa, all by himself, by showering arrows, send all those numerous armies to the world of ancestors?
एतदाचक्ष्व मे सर्वं यथावृत्तं तपोधन ।
यद्यच्च कृतवन्तस्ते तत्र तत्र महारथाः ॥११॥
11. etadācakṣva me sarvaṁ yathāvṛttaṁ tapodhana ,
yadyacca kṛtavantaste tatra tatra mahārathāḥ.
11. etat ācakṣva me sarvam yathāvṛttam tapodhana
yat yat ca kṛtavantas te tatra tatra mahārathāḥ
11. O ascetic, tell me all this exactly as it happened, and also whatever those great warriors did at various places.
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
महर्षेः सर्वलोकेषु पूजितस्य महात्मनः ।
प्रवक्ष्यामि मतं कृत्स्नं व्यासस्यामिततेजसः ॥१२॥
12. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
maharṣeḥ sarvalokeṣu pūjitasya mahātmanaḥ ,
pravakṣyāmi mataṁ kṛtsnaṁ vyāsasyāmitatejasaḥ.
12. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca maharṣeḥ sarvalokeṣu pūjitasya
mahātmanaḥ pravakṣyāmi matam kṛtsnam vyāsasya amitatejasaḥ
12. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: I will now relate the entire doctrine of the great sage Vyāsa, who is revered in all worlds and possesses immeasurable glory.
इदं शतसहस्रं हि श्लोकानां पुण्यकर्मणाम् ।
सत्यवत्यात्मजेनेह व्याख्यातममितौजसा ॥१३॥
13. idaṁ śatasahasraṁ hi ślokānāṁ puṇyakarmaṇām ,
satyavatyātmajeneha vyākhyātamamitaujasā.
13. idaṃ śatasahasraṃ hi ślokānāṃ puṇyakarmaṇām
satyavatyātmajena iha vyākhyātaṃ amitaujasā
13. Indeed, these hundred thousand verses, which describe acts of merit, have been expounded here by the immensely powerful son of Satyavatī.
य इदं श्रावयेद्विद्वान्यश्चेदं शृणुयान्नरः ।
ते ब्रह्मणः स्थानमेत्य प्राप्नुयुर्देवतुल्यताम् ॥१४॥
14. ya idaṁ śrāvayedvidvānyaścedaṁ śṛṇuyānnaraḥ ,
te brahmaṇaḥ sthānametya prāpnuyurdevatulyatām.
14. yaḥ idaṃ śrāvayet vidvān yaḥ ca idaṃ śṛṇuyāt naraḥ
| te brahmaṇaḥ sthānam etya prāpnuyuḥ devatulyatām
14. Any learned person who recites this (scripture), and any person who hears this, they both would attain the state of Brahman and achieve divinity.
इदं हि वेदैः समितं पवित्रमपि चोत्तमम् ।
श्राव्याणामुत्तमं चेदं पुराणमृषिसंस्तुतम् ॥१५॥
15. idaṁ hi vedaiḥ samitaṁ pavitramapi cottamam ,
śrāvyāṇāmuttamaṁ cedaṁ purāṇamṛṣisaṁstutam.
15. idaṃ hi vedaiḥ samitaṃ pavitram api ca uttamam
| śrāvyāṇām uttamaṃ ca idaṃ purāṇaṃ ṛṣisaṃstutam
15. Indeed, this (scripture) is considered equal to the Vedas, and it is sacred and supreme. This ancient narrative, praised by sages, is also the most excellent among all that is to be heard.
अस्मिन्नर्थश्च धर्मश्च निखिलेनोपदिश्यते ।
इतिहासे महापुण्ये बुद्धिश्च परिनैष्ठिकी ॥१६॥
16. asminnarthaśca dharmaśca nikhilenopadiśyate ,
itihāse mahāpuṇye buddhiśca parinaiṣṭhikī.
16. asmin arthaḥ ca dharmaḥ ca nikhilena upadiśyate
| itihāse mahāpuṇye buddhiḥ ca parinaiṣṭhikī
16. In this greatly sacred historical narrative, both material prosperity and righteousness are fully taught. Furthermore, it imparts resolute wisdom.
अक्षुद्रान्दानशीलांश्च सत्यशीलाननास्तिकान् ।
कार्ष्णं वेदमिमं विद्वाञ्श्रावयित्वार्थमश्नुते ॥१७॥
17. akṣudrāndānaśīlāṁśca satyaśīlānanāstikān ,
kārṣṇaṁ vedamimaṁ vidvāñśrāvayitvārthamaśnute.
17. akṣudrān dānaśīlān ca satyaśīlān anāstikān |
kārṣṇaṃ vedam imaṃ vidvān śrāvayitvā arthaṃ aśnute
17. A learned person, having recited this Kṛṣṇa-related scripture to those who are magnanimous, charitable, truthful, and not atheists, obtains material prosperity.
भ्रूणहत्याकृतं चापि पापं जह्यादसंशयम् ।
इतिहासमिमं श्रुत्वा पुरुषोऽपि सुदारुणः ॥१८॥
18. bhrūṇahatyākṛtaṁ cāpi pāpaṁ jahyādasaṁśayam ,
itihāsamimaṁ śrutvā puruṣo'pi sudāruṇaḥ.
18. bhūṇahatyākṛtam ca api pāpam jahyāt asaṃśayam
itihāsam imam śrutvā puruṣaḥ api sudāruṇaḥ
18. Even a very cruel person, upon hearing this epic, would undoubtedly abandon the sin committed by abortion.
जयो नामेतिहासोऽयं श्रोतव्यो विजिगीषुणा ।
महीं विजयते सर्वां शत्रूंश्चापि पराजयेत् ॥१९॥
19. jayo nāmetihāso'yaṁ śrotavyo vijigīṣuṇā ,
mahīṁ vijayate sarvāṁ śatrūṁścāpi parājayet.
19. jayaḥ nāma itihāsaḥ ayam śrotavyaḥ vijigīṣuṇā
mahīm vijayate sarvām śatrūn ca api parājayet
19. This epic, named 'Jaya', should be heard by anyone desiring victory. One who does so conquers the entire earth and defeats all enemies.
इदं पुंसवनं श्रेष्ठमिदं स्वस्त्ययनं महत् ।
महिषीयुवराजाभ्यां श्रोतव्यं बहुशस्तथा ॥२०॥
20. idaṁ puṁsavanaṁ śreṣṭhamidaṁ svastyayanaṁ mahat ,
mahiṣīyuvarājābhyāṁ śrotavyaṁ bahuśastathā.
20. idam puṃsavanam śreṣṭham idam svastyanayam mahat
mahiṣīyuvarājābhyām śrotavyam bahuśaḥ tathā
20. This (epic) is an excellent rite for obtaining a male child; it is a great auspicious observance. Therefore, it should be heard repeatedly by the Chief Queen and the Crown Prince.
अर्थशास्त्रमिदं पुण्यं धर्मशास्त्रमिदं परम् ।
मोक्षशास्त्रमिदं प्रोक्तं व्यासेनामितबुद्धिना ॥२१॥
21. arthaśāstramidaṁ puṇyaṁ dharmaśāstramidaṁ param ,
mokṣaśāstramidaṁ proktaṁ vyāsenāmitabuddhinā.
21. arthaśāstram idam puṇyam dharmaśāstram idam param
mokṣaśāstram idam proktam vyāsena amitabuddhinā
21. This (epic) is a sacred treatise on material prosperity, this is a supreme scripture on dharma, and it is declared to be a scripture on liberation by Vyasa, the one of immeasurable intellect.
संप्रत्याचक्षते चैव आख्यास्यन्ति तथापरे ।
पुत्राः शुश्रूषवः सन्ति प्रेष्याश्च प्रियकारिणः ॥२२॥
22. saṁpratyācakṣate caiva ākhyāsyanti tathāpare ,
putrāḥ śuśrūṣavaḥ santi preṣyāśca priyakāriṇaḥ.
22. samprati ācakṣate ca eva ākhyāsyanti tathā apare
putrāḥ śuśrūṣavaḥ santi preṣyāḥ ca priyakāriṇaḥ
22. Some narrate this (epic) now, and others will narrate it in the future. (Through its influence,) one's sons become obedient, and one's servants become agreeable.
शरीरेण कृतं पापं वाचा च मनसैव च ।
सर्वं तत्त्यजति क्षिप्रमिदं शृण्वन्नरः सदा ॥२३॥
23. śarīreṇa kṛtaṁ pāpaṁ vācā ca manasaiva ca ,
sarvaṁ tattyajati kṣipramidaṁ śṛṇvannaraḥ sadā.
23. śarīreṇa kṛtaṃ pāpaṃ vācā ca manasā eva ca sarvaṃ
tat tyajati kṣipraṃ idaṃ śṛṇvan naraḥ sadā
23. A person who always listens to this (epic) quickly abandons all sins committed by body, speech, and mind.
भारतानां महज्जन्म शृण्वतामनसूयताम् ।
नास्ति व्याधिभयं तेषां परलोकभयं कुतः ॥२४॥
24. bhāratānāṁ mahajjanma śṛṇvatāmanasūyatām ,
nāsti vyādhibhayaṁ teṣāṁ paralokabhayaṁ kutaḥ.
24. bhāratānāṃ mahat janma śṛṇvatāṃ anasūyatām na
asti vyādhibhayaṃ teṣāṃ paralokabhayaṃ kutaḥ
24. For those who listen to the great epic of the Bharatas without envy, there is no fear of disease. How then could there be fear of the next world?
धन्यं यशस्यमायुष्यं स्वर्ग्यं पुण्यं तथैव च ।
कृष्णद्वैपायनेनेदं कृतं पुण्यचिकीर्षुणा ॥२५॥
25. dhanyaṁ yaśasyamāyuṣyaṁ svargyaṁ puṇyaṁ tathaiva ca ,
kṛṣṇadvaipāyanenedaṁ kṛtaṁ puṇyacikīrṣuṇā.
25. dhanyaṃ yaśasyaṃ āyuṣyaṃ svargyaṃ puṇyaṃ tathā
eva ca kṛṣṇadvaipāyanena idaṃ kṛtaṃ puṇyacikīrṣuṇā
25. This (epic), which is blessed, bestows fame, promotes longevity, leads to heaven, and is meritorious, was composed by Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana (Vyasa), who desired (to achieve) merit.
कीर्तिं प्रथयता लोके पाण्डवानां महात्मनाम् ।
अन्येषां क्षत्रियाणां च भूरिद्रविणतेजसाम् ॥२६॥
26. kīrtiṁ prathayatā loke pāṇḍavānāṁ mahātmanām ,
anyeṣāṁ kṣatriyāṇāṁ ca bhūridraviṇatejasām.
26. kīrtiṃ prathayatā loke pāṇḍavānāṃ mahātmanām
anyeṣāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ ca bhūridraviṇatejasām
26. (It was composed by Vyasa) spreading the fame in the world of the great-souled Pāṇḍavas, and also of other kṣatriyas who possessed abundant wealth and valor.
यथा समुद्रो भगवान्यथा च हिमवान्गिरिः ।
ख्यातावुभौ रत्ननिधी तथा भारतमुच्यते ॥२७॥
27. yathā samudro bhagavānyathā ca himavāngiriḥ ,
khyātāvubhau ratnanidhī tathā bhāratamucyate.
27. yathā samudraḥ bhagavān yathā ca himavān giriḥ
khyātau ubhau ratnanidhī tathā bhārataṃ ucyate
27. Just as the majestic ocean and the Himalayan mountain are both famed as treasuries of gems, so too is the Mahābhārata spoken of.
य इदं श्रावयेद्विद्वान्ब्राह्मणानिह पर्वसु ।
धूतपाप्मा जितस्वर्गो ब्रह्मभूयं स गच्छति ॥२८॥
28. ya idaṁ śrāvayedvidvānbrāhmaṇāniha parvasu ,
dhūtapāpmā jitasvargo brahmabhūyaṁ sa gacchati.
28. yaḥ idam śrāvayet vidvān brāhmaṇān iha parvasu
dhūtapāpmā jitasvargaḥ brahmabhūyam saḥ gacchati
28. The learned person who recites this (narrative) to Brahmins on auspicious days in this world, having shaken off all sins and conquered heaven, attains the state of Brahman.
यश्चेदं श्रावयेच्छ्राद्धे ब्राह्मणान्पादमन्ततः ।
अक्षय्यं तस्य तच्छ्राद्धमुपतिष्ठेत्पितॄनपि ॥२९॥
29. yaścedaṁ śrāvayecchrāddhe brāhmaṇānpādamantataḥ ,
akṣayyaṁ tasya tacchrāddhamupatiṣṭhetpitṝnapi.
29. yaḥ ca idam śrāvayet śrāddhe brāhmaṇān pādam antataḥ
अक्षय्यम् तस्य तत् श्राद्धम् उपतिष्ठेत् पितॄन् अपि
29. And he who recites even a quarter of this (narrative) to Brahmins at a Śrāddha ceremony—for him, that Śrāddha becomes imperishable and reaches even his ancestors.
अह्ना यदेनश्चाज्ञानात्प्रकरोति नरश्चरन् ।
तन्महाभारताख्यानं श्रुत्वैव प्रविलीयते ॥३०॥
30. ahnā yadenaścājñānātprakaroti naraścaran ,
tanmahābhāratākhyānaṁ śrutvaiva pravilīyate.
30. ahnā yat enaḥ ca ajñānāt prakaroti naraḥ caran
tat mahābhāratākhyānam śrutvā eva pravilīyate
30. Whatever sin a person commits during the day, out of ignorance, while engaged in activities, that (sin) is completely dissolved merely by hearing this Mahābhārata narrative.
भारतानां महज्जन्म महाभारतमुच्यते ।
निरुक्तमस्य यो वेद सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥३१॥
31. bhāratānāṁ mahajjanma mahābhāratamucyate ,
niruktamasya yo veda sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate.
31. bhāratānām mahat janma mahābhāratam ucyate
niruktam asya yaḥ veda sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate
31. The great narrative (or origin) of the Bhāratas is called Mahābhārata. He who knows the true meaning (or etymology) of this (text) is completely freed from all sins.
त्रिभिर्वर्षैः सदोत्थायी कृष्णद्वैपायनो मुनिः ।
महाभारतमाख्यानं कृतवानिदमुत्तमम् ॥३२॥
32. tribhirvarṣaiḥ sadotthāyī kṛṣṇadvaipāyano muniḥ ,
mahābhāratamākhyānaṁ kṛtavānidamuttamam.
32. tribhiḥ varṣaiḥ sadā utthāyī kṛṣṇadvaipāyanaḥ
muniḥ mahābhāratam ākhyānam kṛtavān idam uttamam
32. The sage Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana, diligently working for three years, composed this excellent Mahābhārata narrative.
धर्मे चार्थे च कामे च मोक्षे च भरतर्षभ ।
यदिहास्ति तदन्यत्र यन्नेहास्ति न तत्क्वचित् ॥३३॥
33. dharme cārthe ca kāme ca mokṣe ca bharatarṣabha ,
yadihāsti tadanyatra yannehāsti na tatkvacit.
33. dharme ca arthe ca kāme ca mokṣe ca bharatarṣabha yat
iha asti tat anyatra yat na iha asti na tat kvacit
33. O best among Bharatas, whatever exists concerning Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha is found elsewhere. However, what is not found here does not exist anywhere at all.