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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-87

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्मात्मन्धर्मः प्रोक्तस्त्वयानघ ।
तथैव मे श्राद्धविधिं कृत्स्नं प्रब्रूहि पार्थिव ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
cāturvarṇyasya dharmātmandharmaḥ proktastvayānagha ,
tathaiva me śrāddhavidhiṁ kṛtsnaṁ prabrūhi pārthiva.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca cāturvarṇyasya
dharmātman dharmaḥ proktaḥ
tvayā anagha tathā eva me
śrāddhavidhim kṛtsnam prabrūhi pārthiva
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca he dharmātman
he anagha cāturvarṇyasya dharmaḥ
tvayā proktaḥ tathā eva he pārthiva
me kṛtsnam śrāddhavidhim prabrūhi
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O virtuous one (dharmātman), O sinless one, you have described the intrinsic nature (dharma) of the four social classes. Likewise, O king, please fully explain to me the complete procedure for the śrāddha ritual.
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
युधिष्ठिरेणैवमुक्तो भीष्मः शांतनवस्तदा ।
इमं श्राद्धविधिं कृत्स्नं प्रवक्तुमुपचक्रमे ॥२॥
2. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
yudhiṣṭhireṇaivamukto bhīṣmaḥ śāṁtanavastadā ,
imaṁ śrāddhavidhiṁ kṛtsnaṁ pravaktumupacakrame.
2. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca yudhiṣṭhireṇa eva uktaḥ bhīṣmaḥ śāntanavaḥ
tadā imam śrāddhavidhim kṛtsnam pravaktum upacakrame
2. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tadā yudhiṣṭhireṇa eva uktaḥ śāntanavaḥ
bhīṣmaḥ imam kṛtsnam śrāddhavidhim pravaktum upacakrame
2. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Then, Bhīṣma, the son of Śāntanu, thus addressed by Yudhiṣṭhira, began to explain this entire procedure for the śrāddha ritual.
भीष्म उवाच ।
शृणुष्वावहितो राजञ्श्राद्धकल्पमिमं शुभम् ।
धन्यं यशस्यं पुत्रीयं पितृयज्ञं परंतप ॥३॥
3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śṛṇuṣvāvahito rājañśrāddhakalpamimaṁ śubham ,
dhanyaṁ yaśasyaṁ putrīyaṁ pitṛyajñaṁ paraṁtapa.
3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca śṛṇuṣva avahitaḥ rājan śrāddhakalpam imam
śubham dhanyam yaśasyam putrīyam pitṛyajñam parantapa
3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca he rājan he parantapa avahitaḥ san imam śubham
dhanyam yaśasyam putrīyam pitṛyajñam śrāddhakalpam śṛṇuṣva
3. Bhīṣma said: O king, listen attentively to this auspicious method for the śrāddha ritual. It grants prosperity, fame, and sons, and is an ancestral Vedic ritual (pitṛyajña), O tormentor of foes!
देवासुरमनुष्याणां गन्धर्वोरगरक्षसाम् ।
पिशाचकिंनराणां च पूज्या वै पितरः सदा ॥४॥
4. devāsuramanuṣyāṇāṁ gandharvoragarakṣasām ,
piśācakiṁnarāṇāṁ ca pūjyā vai pitaraḥ sadā.
4. devāsuramanuṣyāṇām gandharvoragarakṣasām
piśācakiṃnarāṇām ca pūjyā vai pitaraḥ sadā
4. The ancestors (pitṛ) are always to be worshipped by gods, asuras, humans, gandharvas, nagas, rākṣasas, piśācas, and kinnaras.
पितॄन्पूज्यादितः पश्चाद्देवान्संतर्पयन्ति वै ।
तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन पुरुषः पूजयेत्सदा ॥५॥
5. pitṝnpūjyāditaḥ paścāddevānsaṁtarpayanti vai ,
tasmātsarvaprayatnena puruṣaḥ pūjayetsadā.
5. pitṝn pūjyāditaḥ paścāt devān saṃtarpayanti
vai tasmāt sarvaprayatnena puruṣaḥ pūjayet sadā
5. After first worshipping the ancestors (pitṛ), one should then propitiate the gods. Therefore, a person should always worship (them) with all effort.
अन्वाहार्यं महाराज पितॄणां श्राद्धमुच्यते ।
तच्चामिषेण विधिना विधिः प्रथमकल्पितः ॥६॥
6. anvāhāryaṁ mahārāja pitṝṇāṁ śrāddhamucyate ,
taccāmiṣeṇa vidhinā vidhiḥ prathamakalpitaḥ.
6. anvāhāryam mahārāja pitṝṇām śrāddham ucyate
tat ca āmiṣeṇa vidhinā vidhiḥ prathamkalpitaḥ
6. O great king, the 'anvāhārya' ancestral ritual (śrāddha) is prescribed for the ancestors (pitṛ). And that particular ordinance, (performed) with meat offerings, was originally established as the primary rule.
सर्वेष्वहःसु प्रीयन्ते कृतैः श्राद्धैः पितामहाः ।
प्रवक्ष्यामि तु ते सर्वांस्तिथ्यां तिथ्यां गुणागुणान् ॥७॥
7. sarveṣvahaḥsu prīyante kṛtaiḥ śrāddhaiḥ pitāmahāḥ ,
pravakṣyāmi tu te sarvāṁstithyāṁ tithyāṁ guṇāguṇān.
7. sarveṣu ahaḥsu prīyante kṛtaiḥ śrāddhaiḥ pitāmahāḥ
pravakṣyāmi tu te sarvān tithyām tithyām guṇāguṇān
7. The ancestors (pitāmaha) are pleased on all days by the ancestral rituals (śrāddha) that are performed. But I will tell you all the merits and demerits for each lunar day.
येष्वहःसु कृतैः श्राद्धैर्यत्फलं प्राप्यतेऽनघ ।
तत्सर्वं कीर्तयिष्यामि यथावत्तन्निबोध मे ॥८॥
8. yeṣvahaḥsu kṛtaiḥ śrāddhairyatphalaṁ prāpyate'nagha ,
tatsarvaṁ kīrtayiṣyāmi yathāvattannibodha me.
8. yeṣu ahaḥsu kṛtaiḥ śrāddhaiḥ yat phalam prāpyate
anagha tat sarvam kīrtayiṣyāmi yathāvat tat nibodha me
8. anagha yeṣu ahaḥsu kṛtaiḥ śrāddhaiḥ yat phalam prāpyate
tat sarvam yathāvat me kīrtayiṣyāmi tat nibodha
8. O sinless one, I will fully describe all the results that are obtained from the ancestral rituals (śrāddha) performed on specific days; learn that properly from me.
पितॄनर्च्य प्रतिपदि प्राप्नुयात्स्वगृहे स्त्रियः ।
अभिरूपप्रजायिन्यो दर्शनीया बहुप्रजाः ॥९॥
9. pitṝnarcya pratipadi prāpnuyātsvagṛhe striyaḥ ,
abhirūpaprajāyinyo darśanīyā bahuprajāḥ.
9. pitṝn arcya pratipadi prāpnuyāt svagṛhe striyaḥ
abhirūpaprajāyinyaḥ darśanīyāḥ bahuprajāḥ
9. pratipadi pitṝn arcya svagṛhe abhirūpaprajāyinyaḥ
darśanīyāḥ bahuprajāḥ striyaḥ prāpnuyāt
9. By honoring the ancestors (pitṛs) on the first day, one obtains in one's home wives who are beautiful, lovely to behold, and who bear many attractive children.
स्त्रियो द्वितीयां जायन्ते तृतीयायां तु वन्दिनः ।
चतुर्थ्यां क्षुद्रपशवो भवन्ति बहवो गृहे ॥१०॥
10. striyo dvitīyāṁ jāyante tṛtīyāyāṁ tu vandinaḥ ,
caturthyāṁ kṣudrapaśavo bhavanti bahavo gṛhe.
10. striyaḥ dvitīyām jāyante tṛtīyāyām tu vandinaḥ
caturthyām kṣudrapaśavaḥ bhavanti bahavaḥ gṛhe
10. dvitīyām striyaḥ jāyante tu tṛtīyāyām vandinaḥ
caturthyām gṛhe bahavaḥ kṣudrapaśavaḥ bhavanti
10. On the second day (of ancestral rituals), women are obtained; but on the third day, panegyrists are obtained. On the fourth day, many small animals appear in the home.
पञ्चम्यां बहवः पुत्रा जायन्ते कुर्वतां नृप ।
कुर्वाणास्तु नराः षष्ठ्यां भवन्ति द्युतिभागिनः ॥११॥
11. pañcamyāṁ bahavaḥ putrā jāyante kurvatāṁ nṛpa ,
kurvāṇāstu narāḥ ṣaṣṭhyāṁ bhavanti dyutibhāginaḥ.
11. pañcamyām bahavaḥ putrāḥ jāyante kurvatām nṛpa
kurvāṇāḥ tu narāḥ ṣaṣṭhyām bhavanti dyutibhāginaḥ
11. nṛpa pañcamyām kurvatām bahavaḥ putrāḥ jāyante tu
ṣaṣṭhyām kurvāṇāḥ narāḥ dyutibhāginaḥ bhavanti
11. O king, on the fifth day, many sons are obtained for those who perform (the rituals). But those men who perform on the sixth day become endowed with splendor.
कृषिभागी भवेच्छ्राद्धं कुर्वाणः सप्तमीं नृप ।
अष्टम्यां तु प्रकुर्वाणो वाणिज्ये लाभमाप्नुयात् ॥१२॥
12. kṛṣibhāgī bhavecchrāddhaṁ kurvāṇaḥ saptamīṁ nṛpa ,
aṣṭamyāṁ tu prakurvāṇo vāṇijye lābhamāpnuyāt.
12. kṛṣibhāgī bhavet śrāddham kurvāṇaḥ saptamīm nṛpa
aṣṭamyām tu prakurvāṇaḥ vāṇijye lābham āpnuyāt
12. nṛpa,
saptamīm śrāddham kurvāṇaḥ kṛṣibhāgī bhavet.
tu aṣṭamyām prakurvāṇaḥ vāṇijye lābham āpnuyāt.
12. O king, one who performs the ancestor ritual (śrāddha) on the seventh lunar day becomes a recipient of agricultural prosperity. However, one who performs it on the eighth (lunar day) will attain profit in commerce.
नवम्यां कुर्वतः श्राद्धं भवत्येकशफं बहु ।
विवर्धन्ते तु दशमीं गावः श्राद्धानि कुर्वतः ॥१३॥
13. navamyāṁ kurvataḥ śrāddhaṁ bhavatyekaśaphaṁ bahu ,
vivardhante tu daśamīṁ gāvaḥ śrāddhāni kurvataḥ.
13. navamyām kurvataḥ śrāddham bhavati ekaśapham bahu
vivardhante tu daśamīm gāvaḥ śrāddhāni kurvataḥ
13. navamyām śrāddham kurvataḥ bahu ekaśapham bhavati.
tu daśamīm śrāddhāni kurvataḥ gāvaḥ vivardhante.
13. For one who performs the ancestor ritual (śrāddha) on the ninth lunar day, a great abundance of one-hoofed animals will arise. And for one performing ancestor rituals (śrāddha) on the tenth (lunar day), cows will multiply.
कुप्यभागी भवेन्मर्त्यः कुर्वन्नेकादशीं नृप ।
ब्रह्मवर्चस्विनः पुत्रा जायन्ते तस्य वेश्मनि ॥१४॥
14. kupyabhāgī bhavenmartyaḥ kurvannekādaśīṁ nṛpa ,
brahmavarcasvinaḥ putrā jāyante tasya veśmani.
14. kupyabhāgī bhavet martyaḥ kurvan ekādaśīm nṛpa
brahmavarcasvinaḥ putrāḥ jāyante tasya veśmani
14. nṛpa,
ekādaśīm kurvan martyaḥ kupyabhāgī bhavet.
tasya veśmani brahmavarcasvinaḥ putrāḥ jāyante.
14. O king, a mortal who performs (the ancestor ritual) on the eleventh lunar day becomes a recipient of base metals and other valuable goods. Sons endowed with spiritual radiance (brahmavarcas) are born in his household.
द्वादश्यामीहमानस्य नित्यमेव प्रदृश्यते ।
रजतं बहु चित्रं च सुवर्णं च मनोरमम् ॥१५॥
15. dvādaśyāmīhamānasya nityameva pradṛśyate ,
rajataṁ bahu citraṁ ca suvarṇaṁ ca manoramam.
15. dvādaśyām īhamānasya nityam eva pradṛśyate
rajatam bahu citram ca suvarṇam ca manoramam
15. dvādaśyām īhamānasya bahu citram rajatam ca manoramam suvarṇam ca nityam eva pradṛśyate.
15. For one who performs (the ancestor ritual) with effort on the twelfth lunar day, abundant and various silver, as well as charming gold, constantly manifests.
ज्ञातीनां तु भवेच्छ्रेष्ठः कुर्वञ्श्राद्धं त्रयोदशीम् ।
अवश्यं तु युवानोऽस्य प्रमीयन्ते नरा गृहे ॥१६॥
16. jñātīnāṁ tu bhavecchreṣṭhaḥ kurvañśrāddhaṁ trayodaśīm ,
avaśyaṁ tu yuvāno'sya pramīyante narā gṛhe.
16. jñātīnām tu bhavet śreṣṭhaḥ kurvan śrāddham trayodaśīm
| avaśyam tu yuvānaḥ asya pramīyante narā gṛhe
16. Indeed, one who performs the ancestral ritual (śrāddha) on the thirteenth lunar day becomes the most esteemed among his kinsmen. However, it is certain that young men in his household will die.
युद्धभागी भवेन्मर्त्यः श्राद्धं कुर्वंश्चतुर्दशीम् ।
अमावास्यां तु निवपन्सर्वान्कामानवाप्नुयात् ॥१७॥
17. yuddhabhāgī bhavenmartyaḥ śrāddhaṁ kurvaṁścaturdaśīm ,
amāvāsyāṁ tu nivapansarvānkāmānavāpnuyāt.
17. yuddhabhāgī bhavet martyaḥ śrāddham kurvan caturdaśīm
| amāvāsyām tu nivapan sarvān kāmān avāpnuyāt
17. A mortal who performs the ancestral ritual (śrāddha) on the fourteenth lunar day will become involved in war. However, by making offerings on the new moon day, one certainly achieves all desires.
कृष्णपक्षे दशम्यादौ वर्जयित्वा चतुर्दशीम् ।
श्राद्धकर्मणि तिथ्यः स्युः प्रशस्ता न तथेतराः ॥१८॥
18. kṛṣṇapakṣe daśamyādau varjayitvā caturdaśīm ,
śrāddhakarmaṇi tithyaḥ syuḥ praśastā na tathetarāḥ.
18. kṛṣṇapakṣe daśamī ādau varjayitvā caturdaśīm |
śrāddhakarmaṇi tithyaḥ syuḥ praśastāḥ na tathā itarāḥ
18. In the dark (waning) fortnight, excluding the fourteenth lunar day, the lunar days beginning from the tenth are considered auspicious for the ancestral ritual (śrāddha); other days are not so.
यथा चैवापरः पक्षः पूर्वपक्षाद्विशिष्यते ।
तथा श्राद्धस्य पूर्वाह्णादपराह्णो विशिष्यते ॥१९॥
19. yathā caivāparaḥ pakṣaḥ pūrvapakṣādviśiṣyate ,
tathā śrāddhasya pūrvāhṇādaparāhṇo viśiṣyate.
19. yathā ca eva aparaḥ pakṣaḥ pūrvapakṣāt viśiṣyate
| tathā śrāddhasya pūrvāhṇāt aparāhṇaḥ viśiṣyate
19. Just as the latter (waning) fortnight is indeed superior to the former (waxing) fortnight, similarly, for the ancestral ritual (śrāddha), the afternoon is considered superior to the forenoon.