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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-11

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धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
मण्डलानि च बुध्येथाः परेषामात्मनस्तथा ।
उदासीनगुणानां च मध्यमानां तथैव च ॥१॥
1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
maṇḍalāni ca budhyethāḥ pareṣāmātmanastathā ,
udāsīnaguṇānāṁ ca madhyamānāṁ tathaiva ca.
1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca maṇḍalāni ca budhyethāḥ pareṣām
ātmanaḥ tathā udāsīna-guṇānām ca madhyamānām tathā eva ca
1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca (tvam) pareṣām ātmanaḥ ca udāsīna-guṇānām
ca madhyamānām ca maṇḍalāni tathā eva budhyethāḥ
1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: You should understand the circles (maṇḍalāni) of states belonging to your adversaries and your own, and likewise those of the neutral powers and the intermediate (madhyamānām) states.
चतुर्णां शत्रुजातानां सर्वेषामाततायिनाम् ।
मित्रं चामित्रमित्रं च बोद्धव्यं तेऽरिकर्शन ॥२॥
2. caturṇāṁ śatrujātānāṁ sarveṣāmātatāyinām ,
mitraṁ cāmitramitraṁ ca boddhavyaṁ te'rikarśana.
2. caturṇām śatrujātānām sarveṣām ātatāyinām mitram
ca amitramitram ca boddhavyam te arikarśana
2. arikarśana te caturṇām śatrujātānām sarveṣām
ātatāyinām ca mitram ca amitramitram boddhavyam
2. O subduer of foes (arikarśana), you should understand the four categories of enemies: all aggressors, as well as one's own friend, and the friend of an enemy.
तथामात्या जनपदा दुर्गाणि विषमाणि च ।
बलानि च कुरुश्रेष्ठ भवन्त्येषां यथेच्छकम् ॥३॥
3. tathāmātyā janapadā durgāṇi viṣamāṇi ca ,
balāni ca kuruśreṣṭha bhavantyeṣāṁ yathecchakam.
3. tathā amātyāḥ janapadāḥ durgāṇi viṣamāṇi ca balāni
ca kuruśreṣṭha bhavanti eṣām yathā icchakam
3. kuruśreṣṭha tathā amātyāḥ janapadāḥ durgāṇi
viṣamāṇi ca balāni ca eṣām yathā icchakam bhavanti
3. O best among the Kurus (kuruśreṣṭha), similarly, ministers, provinces, strongholds, difficult terrains, and armies become available to these enemies according to their wish.
ते च द्वादश कौन्तेय राज्ञां वै विविधात्मकाः ।
मन्त्रिप्रधानाश्च गुणाः षष्टिर्द्वादश च प्रभो ॥४॥
4. te ca dvādaśa kaunteya rājñāṁ vai vividhātmakāḥ ,
mantripradhānāśca guṇāḥ ṣaṣṭirdvādaśa ca prabho.
4. te ca dvādaśa kaunteya rājñām vai vividhātmākāḥ
mantripradhānāḥ ca guṇāḥ ṣaṣṭiḥ dvādaśa ca prabho
4. kaunteya te dvādaśa rājñām vai vividhātmākāḥ ca
prabho mantripradhānāḥ ca guṇāḥ ṣaṣṭiḥ ca dvādaśa
4. O son of Kunti (kaunteya), those twelve types of kings are indeed of diverse natures. And, O lord (prabho), their qualities (political factors), among which ministers are foremost, are seventy-two (sixty and twelve).
एतन्मण्डलमित्याहुराचार्या नीतिकोविदाः ।
अत्र षाड्गुण्यमायत्तं युधिष्ठिर निबोध तत् ॥५॥
5. etanmaṇḍalamityāhurācāryā nītikovidāḥ ,
atra ṣāḍguṇyamāyattaṁ yudhiṣṭhira nibodha tat.
5. etat maṇḍalam iti āhuḥ ācāryāḥ nītikovidāḥ
atra ṣāḍguṇyam āyattam yudhiṣṭhira nibodha tat
5. nītikovidāḥ ācāryāḥ etat maṇḍalam iti āhuḥ
atra yudhiṣṭhira tat ṣāḍguṇyam āyattam nibodha
5. Teachers who are experts in political science (nīti) call this the 'circle of states' (maṇḍala). O Yudhishthira, understand that within this (maṇḍala), the six-fold policy (ṣāḍguṇya) is fully applicable.
वृद्धिक्षयौ च विज्ञेयौ स्थानं च कुरुनन्दन ।
द्विसप्तत्या महाबाहो ततः षाड्गुण्यचारिणः ॥६॥
6. vṛddhikṣayau ca vijñeyau sthānaṁ ca kurunandana ,
dvisaptatyā mahābāho tataḥ ṣāḍguṇyacāriṇaḥ.
6. vṛddhikṣayau ca vijñeyau sthānam ca kurunandana
| dvisaptatyā mahābāho tataḥ ṣāḍguṇyacāriṇaḥ
6. kurunandana mahābāho vṛddhikṣayau ca sthānam
ca ṣāḍguṇyacāriṇaḥ dvisaptatyā tataḥ vijñeyau
6. O delight of the Kurus, O mighty-armed, growth, decline, and stability should be understood by the ruler who, after considering the seventy-two elements (prakṛtis), then implements the six measures of policy (ṣāḍguṇya).
यदा स्वपक्षो बलवान्परपक्षस्तथाबलः ।
विगृह्य शत्रून्कौन्तेय यायात्क्षितिपतिस्तदा ।
यदा स्वपक्षोऽबलवांस्तदा संधिं समाश्रयेत् ॥७॥
7. yadā svapakṣo balavānparapakṣastathābalaḥ ,
vigṛhya śatrūnkaunteya yāyātkṣitipatistadā ,
yadā svapakṣo'balavāṁstadā saṁdhiṁ samāśrayet.
7. yadā svapakṣaḥ balavān parapakṣaḥ
tathā abalaḥ | vigṛhya śatrūn kaunteya
yāyāt kṣitipatiḥ tadā | yadā svapakṣaḥ
abalavān tadā sandhiṃ samāśrayet
7. kaunteya yadā svapakṣaḥ balavān tathā parapakṣaḥ abalaḥ,
tadā kṣitipatiḥ śatrūn vigṛhya yāyāt yadā svapakṣaḥ abalavān tadā sandhiṃ samāśrayet
7. O son of Kunti, when one's own side is strong and the enemy's side is weak, the ruler should then march forth, having attacked the enemies. When one's own side is weak, then he should resort to an alliance.
द्रव्याणां संचयश्चैव कर्तव्यः स्यान्महांस्तथा ।
यदा समर्थो यानाय नचिरेणैव भारत ॥८॥
8. dravyāṇāṁ saṁcayaścaiva kartavyaḥ syānmahāṁstathā ,
yadā samartho yānāya nacireṇaiva bhārata.
8. dravyāṇām saṃcayaḥ ca eva kartavyaḥ syāt mahān
tathā | yadā samarthaḥ yānāya nacireṇa eva bhārata
8. bhārata dravyāṇām mahān saṃcayaḥ ca eva kartavyaḥ syāt,
tathā yadā (rājā) nacireṇa eva yānāya samarthaḥ (bhavet)
8. O descendant of Bharata, a substantial accumulation of resources should indeed be made, so that one is capable of marching forth without delay.
तदा सर्वं विधेयं स्यात्स्थानं च न विभाजयेत् ।
भूमिरल्पफला देया विपरीतस्य भारत ॥९॥
9. tadā sarvaṁ vidheyaṁ syātsthānaṁ ca na vibhājayet ,
bhūmiralpaphalā deyā viparītasya bhārata.
9. tadā sarvam vidheyam syāt sthānam ca na vibhājayet
| bhūmiḥ alpaphālā deyā viparītasya bhārata
9. bhārata tadā sarvam vidheyam syāt ca sthānam na
vibhājayet alpaphālā bhūmiḥ viparītasya deyā
9. O Bhārata, then everything should be put in order, and one should not divide the territory. Land that yields little fruit should be given to the opponent.
हिरण्यं कुप्यभूयिष्ठं मित्रं क्षीणमकोशवत् ।
विपरीतान्न गृह्णीयात्स्वयं संधिविशारदः ॥१०॥
10. hiraṇyaṁ kupyabhūyiṣṭhaṁ mitraṁ kṣīṇamakośavat ,
viparītānna gṛhṇīyātsvayaṁ saṁdhiviśāradaḥ.
10. hiraṇyam kupyabhūyiṣṭham mitram kṣīṇam akośavat
viparītāt na gṛhṇīyāt svayam sandhiviśāradaḥ
10. svayam sandhiviśāradaḥ kupyabhūyiṣṭham hiraṇyam
kṣīṇam akośavat mitram viparītāt na gṛhṇīyāt
10. A diplomat should not accept wealth that is mostly base metal, nor should they take on an ally who is weakened and lacks a treasury, especially from an adverse situation.
संध्यर्थं राजपुत्रं च लिप्सेथा भरतर्षभ ।
विपरीतस्तु तेऽदेयः पुत्र कस्यांचिदापदि ।
तस्य प्रमोक्षे यत्नं च कुर्याः सोपायमन्त्रवित् ॥११॥
11. saṁdhyarthaṁ rājaputraṁ ca lipsethā bharatarṣabha ,
viparītastu te'deyaḥ putra kasyāṁcidāpadi ,
tasya pramokṣe yatnaṁ ca kuryāḥ sopāyamantravit.
11. sandhyartham rājaputram ca lipsethāḥ
bharatarṣabha viparītaḥ tu te adeyaḥ
putra kasyāṃcit āpadi tasya pramokṣe
yatnam ca kuryāḥ sa-upāya-mantra-vit
11. bharatarṣabha sandhyartham rājaputram ca lipsethāḥ.
putra kasyāṃcit āpadi tu te viparītaḥ adeyaḥ.
sa-upāya-mantra-vit tasya pramokṣe ca yatnam kuryāḥ.
11. O best of Bharatas, you should seek a prince for an alliance. However, O son, your own prince should not be given away by you in any calamity. If such a situation arises, you, being skillful in strategies and counsel, should make an effort for his release.
प्रकृतीनां च कौन्तेय राजा दीनां विभावयेत् ।
क्रमेण युगपद्द्वंद्वं व्यसनानां बलाबलम् ॥१२॥
12. prakṛtīnāṁ ca kaunteya rājā dīnāṁ vibhāvayet ,
krameṇa yugapaddvaṁdvaṁ vyasanānāṁ balābalam.
12. prakṛtīnām ca kaunteya rājā dīnām vibhāvayet
krameṇa yugapat dvandvam vyasanānām balābalam
12. kaunteya rājā dīnām prakṛtīnām ca vibhāvayet.
vyasanānām dvandvam balābalam krameṇa yugapat.
12. O Kaunteya, the king should discern the distressed condition of his state's constituents. He should consider, both sequentially and simultaneously, the relative strengths and weaknesses of various pairs of calamities.
पीडनं स्तम्भनं चैव कोशभङ्गस्तथैव च ।
कार्यं यत्नेन शत्रूणां स्वराष्ट्रं रक्षता स्वयम् ॥१३॥
13. pīḍanaṁ stambhanaṁ caiva kośabhaṅgastathaiva ca ,
kāryaṁ yatnena śatrūṇāṁ svarāṣṭraṁ rakṣatā svayam.
13. pīḍanam stambhanam ca eva kośabhaṅgaḥ tathā eva ca
kāryam yatnena śatrūṇām svarāṣṭram rakṣatā svayam
13. svayam svarāṣṭram rakṣatā śatrūṇām pīḍanam stambhanam ca eva tathā eva ca kośabhaṅgaḥ yatnena kāryam.
13. By one protecting their own kingdom, harassment, obstruction, and likewise the depletion of enemies' treasuries should be diligently carried out against foes.
न च हिंस्योऽभ्युपगतः सामन्तो वृद्धिमिच्छता ।
कौन्तेय तं न हिंसेत यो महीं विजिगीषते ॥१४॥
14. na ca hiṁsyo'bhyupagataḥ sāmanto vṛddhimicchatā ,
kaunteya taṁ na hiṁseta yo mahīṁ vijigīṣate.
14. na ca hiṃsyaḥ abhyupagataḥ sāmantaḥ vṛddhim icchatā
kaunteya tam na hiṃseta yaḥ mahīm vijigīṣate
14. kaunteya vṛddhim icchatā abhyupagataḥ sāmantaḥ ca
na hiṃsyaḥ yaḥ mahīm vijigīṣate tam na hiṃseta
14. O Kaunteya, a feudatory ruler who has submitted should not be harmed by one who desires prosperity. Indeed, he who wishes to conquer the earth should not harm such a one.
गणानां भेदने योगं गच्छेथाः सह मन्त्रिभिः ।
साधुसंग्रहणाच्चैव पापनिग्रहणात्तथा ॥१५॥
15. gaṇānāṁ bhedane yogaṁ gacchethāḥ saha mantribhiḥ ,
sādhusaṁgrahaṇāccaiva pāpanigrahaṇāttathā.
15. gaṇānām bhedane yogam gacchethāḥ saha mantribhiḥ
sādhusaṃgrahaṇāt ca eva pāpanigrahaṇāt tathā
15. mantribhiḥ saha gaṇānām bhedane yogam gacchethāḥ
ca eva sādhusaṃgrahaṇāt tathā pāpanigrahaṇāt
15. You should, along with your ministers, devise strategies for dividing hostile groups, and indeed, by gathering the virtuous and similarly by suppressing the wicked.
दुर्बलाश्चापि सततं नावष्टभ्या बलीयसा ।
तिष्ठेथा राजशार्दूल वैतसीं वृत्तिमास्थितः ॥१६॥
16. durbalāścāpi satataṁ nāvaṣṭabhyā balīyasā ,
tiṣṭhethā rājaśārdūla vaitasīṁ vṛttimāsthitaḥ.
16. durbalāḥ ca api satatam na avaṣṭabhyāḥ balīyasā
tiṣṭhethāḥ rājaśārdūla vaitasīm vṛttim āsthitaḥ
16. rājaśārdūla durbalāḥ ca api balīyasā satatam na
avaṣṭabhyāḥ vaitasīm vṛttim āsthitaḥ tiṣṭhethāḥ
16. O tiger among kings (rājaśārdūla), the weak should also never be constantly oppressed by the strong. You should maintain a flexible attitude, like a willow (vaitasī vṛtti).
यद्येवमभियायाच्च दुर्बलं बलवान्नृपः ।
सामादिभिरुपायैस्तं क्रमेण विनिवर्तयेत् ॥१७॥
17. yadyevamabhiyāyācca durbalaṁ balavānnṛpaḥ ,
sāmādibhirupāyaistaṁ krameṇa vinivartayet.
17. yadi evam abhiyāyāt ca durbalam balavān nṛpaḥ
sāmādibhiḥ upāyaiḥ tam krameṇa vinivartayet
17. yadi balavān nṛpaḥ evam durbalam ca abhiyāyāt
tam sāmādibhiḥ upāyaiḥ krameṇa vinivartayet
17. If a powerful king (nṛpa) should thus attack a weak one, he (the attacked or an ally) should gradually make him desist by means such as conciliation (sāma) and others.
अशक्नुवंस्तु युद्धाय निष्पतेत्सह मन्त्रिभिः ।
कोशेन पौरैर्दण्डेन ये चान्ये प्रियकारिणः ॥१८॥
18. aśaknuvaṁstu yuddhāya niṣpatetsaha mantribhiḥ ,
kośena paurairdaṇḍena ye cānye priyakāriṇaḥ.
18. aśaknuvan tu yuddhāya niṣpatet saha mantribhiḥ
kośena pauraiḥ daṇḍena ye ca anye priyakāriṇaḥ
18. aśaknuvan tu yuddhāya niṣpatet saha mantribhiḥ
kośena pauraiḥ daṇḍena ca ye anye priyakāriṇaḥ
18. If one is unable to wage war, one should escape with one's ministers, along with the treasury, the citizens, the army, and other supporters.
असंभवे तु सर्वस्य यथामुख्येन निष्पतेत् ।
क्रमेणानेन मोक्षः स्याच्छरीरमपि केवलम् ॥१९॥
19. asaṁbhave tu sarvasya yathāmukhyena niṣpatet ,
krameṇānena mokṣaḥ syāccharīramapi kevalam.
19. asaṃbhave tu sarvasya yathāmukhyena niṣpatet
krameṇa anena mokṣaḥ syāt śarīram api kevalam
19. tu sarvasya asaṃbhave yathāmukhyena niṣpatet
anena krameṇa śarīram api kevalam mokṣaḥ syāt
19. But if it is impossible to save everyone, one should escape according to priority. By this method, there would be salvation (mokṣa) even for the body alone.