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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-94

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वामदेव उवाच ।
यत्राधर्मं प्रणयते दुर्बले बलवत्तरः ।
तां वृत्तिमुपजीवन्ति ये भवन्ति तदन्वयाः ॥१॥
1. vāmadeva uvāca ,
yatrādharmaṁ praṇayate durbale balavattaraḥ ,
tāṁ vṛttimupajīvanti ye bhavanti tadanvayāḥ.
1. vāmadevaḥ uvāca yatra adharmam praṇayate durbalé
balavattaraḥ tām vṛttim upajīvanti ye bhavanti tadanvayāḥ
1. vāmadevaḥ uvāca yatra balavattaraḥ durbalé adharmam
praṇayate ye tadanvayāḥ bhavanti tām vṛttim upajīvanti
1. Vāmadeva said: Where a stronger person imposes unrighteousness (adharma) upon a weaker one, those who are connected with that (stronger person) subsist on that kind of conduct.
राजानमनुवर्तन्ते तं पापाभिप्रवर्तकम् ।
अविनीतमनुष्यं तत्क्षिप्रं राष्ट्रं विनश्यति ॥२॥
2. rājānamanuvartante taṁ pāpābhipravartakam ,
avinītamanuṣyaṁ tatkṣipraṁ rāṣṭraṁ vinaśyati.
2. rājānam anuvartante tam pāpābhipravartakam
avīnītamanuṣyam tat kṣipram rāṣṭram vinaśyati
2. rājānam tam pāpābhipravartakam avīnītamanuṣyam
anuvartante tat rāṣṭram kṣipram vinaśyati
2. When people follow that king who promotes sinful acts and is an undisciplined man, that kingdom swiftly perishes.
यद्वृत्तिमुपजीवन्ति प्रकृतिस्थस्य मानवाः ।
तदेव विषमस्थस्य स्वजनोऽपि न मृष्यते ॥३॥
3. yadvṛttimupajīvanti prakṛtisthasya mānavāḥ ,
tadeva viṣamasthasya svajano'pi na mṛṣyate.
3. yat vṛttim upajīvanti prakṛtisthasya mānavāḥ
tat eva viṣamasthasya svajanaḥ api na mṛṣyate
3. mānavāḥ yat vṛttim prakṛtisthasya upajīvanti,
svajanaḥ api viṣamasthasya tat eva na mṛṣyate
3. The manner of living that people depend on when a person is in a prosperous state, the very same manner is not tolerated even by one's own relatives when that person falls into an adverse condition.
साहसप्रकृतिर्यत्र कुरुते किंचिदुल्बणम् ।
अशास्त्रलक्षणो राजा क्षिप्रमेव विनश्यति ॥४॥
4. sāhasaprakṛtiryatra kurute kiṁcidulbaṇam ,
aśāstralakṣaṇo rājā kṣiprameva vinaśyati.
4. sāhasaprakṛtiḥ yatra kurute kiñcit ulbaṇam
aśāstralakṣaṇaḥ rājā kṣipram eva vinaśyati
4. yatra sāhasaprakṛtiḥ kiñcit ulbaṇam kurute,
aśāstralakṣaṇaḥ rājā kṣipram eva vinaśyati
4. When a king, whose intrinsic nature (prakṛti) is violent, performs something excessive, that ruler, whose characteristics are not in accordance with the scriptures, swiftly meets destruction.
योऽत्यन्ताचरितां वृत्तिं क्षत्रियो नानुवर्तते ।
जितानामजितानां च क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः ॥५॥
5. yo'tyantācaritāṁ vṛttiṁ kṣatriyo nānuvartate ,
jitānāmajitānāṁ ca kṣatradharmādapaiti saḥ.
5. yaḥ atyantācaritām vṛttim kṣatriyaḥ na anuvartate
jitānām ajitānām ca kṣatradharmāt apaiti saḥ
5. yaḥ kṣatriyaḥ atyantācaritām vṛttim na anuvartate,
saḥ jitānām ca ajitānām kṣatradharmāt apaiti
5. That warrior (kṣatriya) who does not follow a highly established way of life, he deviates from the constitutional duty (dharma) of a kṣatriya, concerning both those he has conquered and those he has not.
द्विषन्तं कृतकर्माणं गृहीत्वा नृपती रणे ।
यो न मानयते द्वेषात्क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः ॥६॥
6. dviṣantaṁ kṛtakarmāṇaṁ gṛhītvā nṛpatī raṇe ,
yo na mānayate dveṣātkṣatradharmādapaiti saḥ.
6. dviṣantam kṛtakarmāṇam gṛhītvā nṛpatī raṇe yaḥ
na mānayate dveṣāt kṣatradharmāt apaiti saḥ
6. yaḥ nṛpatī raṇe kṛtakarmāṇam dviṣantam gṛhītvā,
dveṣāt na mānayate,
saḥ kṣatradharmāt apaiti
6. That king (nṛpati) who, having captured in battle an enemy who has performed (hostile) deeds, does not show him due respect out of hatred, he deviates from the constitutional duty (dharma) of a warrior (kṣatriya).
शक्तः स्यात्सुमुखो राजा कुर्यात्कारुण्यमापदि ।
प्रियो भवति भूतानां न च विभ्रश्यते श्रियः ॥७॥
7. śaktaḥ syātsumukho rājā kuryātkāruṇyamāpadi ,
priyo bhavati bhūtānāṁ na ca vibhraśyate śriyaḥ.
7. śaktaḥ syāt sumukhaḥ rājā kuryāt kāruṇyam āpadi
priyaḥ bhavati bhūtānām na ca vibhraśyate śriyaḥ
7. rājā śaktaḥ sumukhaḥ syāt āpadi kāruṇyam kuryāt saḥ
bhūtānām priyaḥ bhavati ca śriyaḥ na vibhraśyate
7. A king who is capable and benevolent should show compassion during times of distress. Such a king becomes beloved by all creatures and does not fall from prosperity (śrī).
अप्रियं यस्य कुर्वीत भूयस्तस्य प्रियं चरेत् ।
नचिरेण प्रियः स स्याद्योऽप्रियः प्रियमाचरेत् ॥८॥
8. apriyaṁ yasya kurvīta bhūyastasya priyaṁ caret ,
nacireṇa priyaḥ sa syādyo'priyaḥ priyamācaret.
8. apriyam yasya kurvīta bhūyaḥ tasya priyam caret na
cireṇa priyaḥ saḥ syāt yaḥ apriyaḥ priyam ācaret
8. yasya apriyam kurvīta tasya bhūyaḥ priyam caret
yaḥ apriyaḥ priyam ācaret saḥ na cireṇa priyaḥ syāt
8. If one has caused displeasure to someone, one should then do what is agreeable for him again. Quickly, that person who was disliked will become dear if he performs agreeable actions.
मृषावादं परिहरेत्कुर्यात्प्रियमयाचितः ।
न च कामान्न संरम्भान्न द्वेषाद्धर्ममुत्सृजेत् ॥९॥
9. mṛṣāvādaṁ pariharetkuryātpriyamayācitaḥ ,
na ca kāmānna saṁrambhānna dveṣāddharmamutsṛjet.
9. mṛṣāvādam pariharet kuryāt priyam ayācitaḥ na ca
kāmāt na saṃrambhāt na dveṣāt dharmam utsṛjet
9. mṛṣāvādam pariharet ayācitaḥ priyam kuryāt ca
kāmāt na saṃrambhāt na dveṣāt na dharmam utsṛjet
9. One should avoid false speech and do good deeds without being asked. One should also not abandon their intrinsic nature (dharma) due to desire, anger, or hatred.
नापत्रपेत प्रश्नेषु नाभिभव्यां गिरं सृजेत् ।
न त्वरेत न चासूयेत्तथा संगृह्यते परः ॥१०॥
10. nāpatrapeta praśneṣu nābhibhavyāṁ giraṁ sṛjet ,
na tvareta na cāsūyettathā saṁgṛhyate paraḥ.
10. na apatrapeta praśneṣu na abhibhavyām giram sṛjet
na tvareta na ca asūyet tathā saṃgṛhyate paraḥ
10. praśneṣu na apatrapeta abhibhavyām giram na sṛjet
na tvareta ca na asūyet tathā paraḥ saṃgṛhyate
10. One should not be ashamed when asking questions, nor should one utter overbearing speech. One should not act with impatience or be envious. In this way, others are won over.
प्रिये नातिभृशं हृष्येदप्रिये न च संज्वरेत् ।
न मुह्येदर्थकृच्छ्रेषु प्रजाहितमनुस्मरन् ॥११॥
11. priye nātibhṛśaṁ hṛṣyedapriye na ca saṁjvaret ,
na muhyedarthakṛcchreṣu prajāhitamanusmaran.
11. priye na atibhṛśam hṛṣyet apriye na ca saṃjvaret
na muhyet arthakṛcchreṣu prajāhitam anusmaran
11. prajāhitam anusmaran priye na atibhṛśam hṛṣyet
apriye na ca saṃjvaret arthakṛcchreṣu na muhyet
11. A ruler should not rejoice excessively in pleasant circumstances, nor should they be greatly distressed by unpleasant ones. They should not become bewildered amidst financial or administrative difficulties, always remembering the welfare of their subjects.
यः प्रियं कुरुते नित्यं गुणतो वसुधाधिपः ।
तस्य कर्माणि सिध्यन्ति न च संत्यज्यते श्रिया ॥१२॥
12. yaḥ priyaṁ kurute nityaṁ guṇato vasudhādhipaḥ ,
tasya karmāṇi sidhyanti na ca saṁtyajyate śriyā.
12. yaḥ priyam kurute nityam guṇataḥ vasudhādhipaḥ
tasya karmāṇi sidhyanti na ca saṃtyajyate śriyā
12. yaḥ vasudhādhipaḥ guṇataḥ nityam priyam kurute
tasya karmāṇi sidhyanti ca śriyā na saṃtyajyate
12. The ruler (vasudhādhipa) who consistently acts beneficially (priya) on account of his virtues, his actions (karma) succeed, and he is not abandoned by fortune (śrī).
निवृत्तं प्रतिकूलेभ्यो वर्तमानमनुप्रिये ।
भक्तं भजेत नृपतिस्तद्वै वृत्तं सतामिह ॥१३॥
13. nivṛttaṁ pratikūlebhyo vartamānamanupriye ,
bhaktaṁ bhajeta nṛpatistadvai vṛttaṁ satāmiha.
13. nivṛttam pratikūlebhyo vartamānam anupriye
bhaktam bhajeta nṛpatiḥ tat vai vṛttam satām iha
13. nṛpatiḥ pratikūlebhyo nivṛttam anupriye vartamānam
bhaktam bhajeta tat vai satām vṛttam iha
13. A king (nṛpati) should seek out and engage a loyal servant (bhakta) who has turned away from hostile parties and acts in a consistently favorable (anupriya) manner. That, indeed, is the proper conduct of virtuous people (sat) in this world.
अप्रकीर्णेन्द्रियं प्राज्ञमत्यन्तानुगतं शुचिम् ।
शक्तं चैवानुरक्तं च युञ्ज्यान्महति कर्मणि ॥१४॥
14. aprakīrṇendriyaṁ prājñamatyantānugataṁ śucim ,
śaktaṁ caivānuraktaṁ ca yuñjyānmahati karmaṇi.
14. aprakīrṇendriyam prājñam atyantānugatam śucim
śaktam ca eva anuraktam ca yuñjyāt mahati karmaṇi
14. mahati karmaṇi aprakīrṇendriyam prājñam atyantānugatam
śucim śaktam ca eva anuraktam ca yuñjyāt
14. One should appoint to an important undertaking (karma) a person whose senses are well-controlled (aprakīrṇendriya), who is wise, extremely loyal, pure, capable, and also deeply devoted.
एवमेव गुणैर्युक्तो यो न रज्यति भूमिपम् ।
भर्तुरर्थेष्वसूयन्तं न तं युञ्जीत कर्मणि ॥१५॥
15. evameva guṇairyukto yo na rajyati bhūmipam ,
bharturartheṣvasūyantaṁ na taṁ yuñjīta karmaṇi.
15. evam eva guṇaiḥ yuktaḥ yaḥ na rajyati bhūmipam
bhartuḥ artheṣu asūyantam na tam yuñjīta karmaṇi
15. yaḥ guṇaiḥ yuktaḥ eva bhūmipam na rajyati bhartuḥ
artheṣu asūyantam tam karmaṇi na yuñjīta evam
15. Similarly, one who, though endowed with virtues, is not devoted to the king, and is hostile regarding the master's affairs, such a person should not be employed in any task.
मूढमैन्द्रियकं लुब्धमनार्यचरितं शठम् ।
अनतीतोपधं हिंस्रं दुर्बुद्धिमबहुश्रुतम् ॥१६॥
16. mūḍhamaindriyakaṁ lubdhamanāryacaritaṁ śaṭham ,
anatītopadhaṁ hiṁsraṁ durbuddhimabahuśrutam.
16. mūḍham aindriyakam lubdham anāryacaritam śaṭham
anatītopadham hiṃsram durbuddhim abahuśrutam
16. mūḍham aindriyakam lubdham anāryacaritam śaṭham
anatītopadham hiṃsram durbuddhim abahuśrutam
16. (One should not employ) a foolish person, one who is devoted to sensual pleasures, greedy, of ignoble conduct, deceitful, one who has not overcome deceit, harmful, evil-minded, and unlearned.
त्यक्तोपात्तं मद्यरतं द्यूतस्त्रीमृगयापरम् ।
कार्ये महति यो युञ्ज्याद्धीयते स नृपः श्रियः ॥१७॥
17. tyaktopāttaṁ madyarataṁ dyūtastrīmṛgayāparam ,
kārye mahati yo yuñjyāddhīyate sa nṛpaḥ śriyaḥ.
17. tyaktopāttam madyaratam dyūtasstrīmṛgayāparam
kārye mahati yaḥ yuñjyāt dhīyate saḥ nṛpaḥ śriyaḥ
17. yaḥ tyaktopāttam madyaratam dyūtasstrīmṛgayāparam
mahati kārye yuñjyāt saḥ nṛpaḥ śriyaḥ dhīyate
17. Whoever employs a person who has abandoned his gains, is addicted to liquor, and devoted to gambling, women, and hunting, in an important task, that king will surely lose prosperity.
रक्षितात्मा तु यो राजा रक्ष्यान्यश्चानुरक्षति ।
प्रजाश्च तस्य वर्धन्ते ध्रुवं च महदश्नुते ॥१८॥
18. rakṣitātmā tu yo rājā rakṣyānyaścānurakṣati ,
prajāśca tasya vardhante dhruvaṁ ca mahadaśnute.
18. rakṣitātmā tu yaḥ rājā rakṣyān ca anurakṣati
prajāḥ ca tasya vardhante dhruvam ca mahat aśnute
18. tu yaḥ rājā rakṣitātmā ca rakṣyān anurakṣati
tasya prajāḥ ca vardhante ca dhruvam mahat aśnute
18. But the king who protects his own self (ātman) and also protects those who are to be guarded, his subjects surely prosper, and he attains great success.
ये केचिद्भूमिपतयस्तान्सर्वानन्ववेक्षयेत् ।
सुहृद्भिरनभिख्यातैस्तेन राजा न रिष्यते ॥१९॥
19. ye kecidbhūmipatayastānsarvānanvavekṣayet ,
suhṛdbhiranabhikhyātaistena rājā na riṣyate.
19. ye kecit bhūmipatayaḥ tān sarvān anvavekṣayet
suhṛdbhiḥ anabhikhyātaiḥ tena rājā na riṣyate
19. rājā ye kecit bhūmipatayaḥ tān sarvān anabhikhyātaiḥ
suhṛdbhiḥ anvavekṣayet tena na riṣyate
19. The king should have all those rulers, whoever they may be, investigated by inconspicuous well-wishers. Through this, the king suffers no harm.
अपकृत्य बलस्थस्य दूरस्थोऽस्मीति नाश्वसेत् ।
श्येनानुचरितैर्ह्येते निपतन्ति प्रमाद्यतः ॥२०॥
20. apakṛtya balasthasya dūrastho'smīti nāśvaset ,
śyenānucaritairhyete nipatanti pramādyataḥ.
20. apakṛtya balasthsasya dūrasthaḥ asmi iti na āśvaset
śyena anucaritaiḥ hi ete nipatanti pramādyataḥ
20. balasthasya apakṛtya dūrasthaḥ asmi iti na āśvaset
hi śyena anucaritaiḥ ete pramādyataḥ nipatanti
20. One should not feel secure, thinking "I am far away," after harming a powerful person. For, these (powerful enemies), like hawks, swoop down upon those who are negligent.
दृढमूलस्त्वदुष्टात्मा विदित्वा बलमात्मनः ।
अबलानभियुञ्जीत न तु ये बलवत्तराः ॥२१॥
21. dṛḍhamūlastvaduṣṭātmā viditvā balamātmanaḥ ,
abalānabhiyuñjīta na tu ye balavattarāḥ.
21. dṛḍhamūlaḥ tu aduṣṭātmā viditvā balam ātmanaḥ
abalān abhiyuñjīta na tu ye balavattarāḥ
21. tu dṛḍhamūlaḥ aduṣṭātmā ātmanaḥ balam viditvā
abalān abhiyuñjīta tu ye balavattarāḥ na
21. However, a king who is firmly rooted and pure-minded (aduṣṭātmā), having ascertained his own strength, should engage with the weak, but not with those who are stronger.
विक्रमेण महीं लब्ध्वा प्रजा धर्मेण पालयन् ।
आहवे निधनं कुर्याद्राजा धर्मपरायणः ॥२२॥
22. vikrameṇa mahīṁ labdhvā prajā dharmeṇa pālayan ,
āhave nidhanaṁ kuryādrājā dharmaparāyaṇaḥ.
22. vikrameṇa mahīm labdhvā prajāḥ dharmeṇa pālayan
āhave nidhanam kuryāt rājā dharmaparāyaṇaḥ
22. dharmaparāyaṇaḥ rājā vikrameṇa mahīm labdhvā
dharmeṇa prajāḥ pālayan āhave nidhanam kuryāt
22. A king devoted to (dharma), having acquired the earth by his prowess and ruling his subjects in accordance with natural law (dharma), should meet his end in battle.
मरणान्तमिदं सर्वं नेह किंचिदनामयम् ।
तस्माद्धर्मे स्थितो राजा प्रजा धर्मेण पालयेत् ॥२३॥
23. maraṇāntamidaṁ sarvaṁ neha kiṁcidanāmayam ,
tasmāddharme sthito rājā prajā dharmeṇa pālayet.
23. maraṇāntam idam sarvam na iha kiṃcit anāmayam
tasmāt dharme sthitaḥ rājā prajāḥ dharmeṇa pālayet
23. idam sarvam maraṇāntam iha kiṃcit anāmayam na
tasmāt dharme sthitaḥ rājā dharmeṇa prajāḥ pālayet
23. All of this is mortal; nothing here is truly secure or imperishable. Therefore, a king, being established in righteousness (dharma), should protect his subjects according to the natural law (dharma).
रक्षाधिकरणं युद्धं तथा धर्मानुशासनम् ।
मन्त्रचिन्त्यं सुखं काले पञ्चभिर्वर्धते मही ॥२४॥
24. rakṣādhikaraṇaṁ yuddhaṁ tathā dharmānuśāsanam ,
mantracintyaṁ sukhaṁ kāle pañcabhirvardhate mahī.
24. rakṣādhikaraṇam yuddham tathā dharmānuśāsanam
mantracintyam sukham kāle pañcabhiḥ vardhate mahī
24. rakṣādhikaraṇam yuddham tathā dharmānuśāsanam
mantracintyam kāle sukham pañcabhiḥ mahī vardhate
24. The administration of defense, warfare, governance according to natural law (dharma), strategic deliberation, and timely prosperity - by these five, the kingdom flourishes.
एतानि यस्य गुप्तानि स राजा राजसत्तम ।
सततं वर्तमानोऽत्र राजा भुङ्क्ते महीमिमाम् ॥२५॥
25. etāni yasya guptāni sa rājā rājasattama ,
satataṁ vartamāno'tra rājā bhuṅkte mahīmimām.
25. etāni yasya guptāni saḥ rājā rājasattama
satatam vartamānaḥ atra rājā bhuṅkte mahīm imām
25. yasya etāni guptāni saḥ rājā rājasattama atra
satatam vartamānaḥ rājā imām mahīm bhuṅkte
25. That king, by whom these (five aspects) are kept well-guarded, is truly the best of kings. Such a king, always acting in this manner, enjoys (rules) this entire earth (kingdom).
नैतान्येकेन शक्यानि सातत्येनान्ववेक्षितुम् ।
एतेष्वाप्तान्प्रतिष्ठाप्य राजा भुङ्क्ते महीं चिरम् ॥२६॥
26. naitānyekena śakyāni sātatyenānvavekṣitum ,
eteṣvāptānpratiṣṭhāpya rājā bhuṅkte mahīṁ ciram.
26. na etāni ekena śakyāni sātatyeṇa anvavekṣitum
eteṣu āptān pratiṣṭhāpya rājā bhuṅkte mahīm ciram
26. ekena sātatyeṇa etāni anvavekṣitum na śakyāni
eteṣu āptān pratiṣṭhāpya rājā ciram mahīm bhuṅkte
26. It is not possible for one person alone to constantly oversee all these (five aspects). By appointing trustworthy individuals in these matters, a king rules his kingdom for a long time.
दातारं संविभक्तारं मार्दवोपगतं शुचिम् ।
असंत्यक्तमनुष्यं च तं जनाः कुर्वते प्रियम् ॥२७॥
27. dātāraṁ saṁvibhaktāraṁ mārdavopagataṁ śucim ,
asaṁtyaktamanuṣyaṁ ca taṁ janāḥ kurvate priyam.
27. dātāram saṃvibhakṭāram mārdavopagatam śucim
asantyaktamanuṣyam ca tam janāḥ kurvate priyam
27. janāḥ tam dātāram saṃvibhakṭāram mārdavopagatam
śucim ca asantyaktamanuṣyam priyam kurvate
27. People hold dear one who is a giver, a distributor, endowed with gentleness, pure, and does not abandon humanity.
यस्तु निःश्रेयसं ज्ञात्वा ज्ञानं तत्प्रतिपद्यते ।
आत्मनो मतमुत्सृज्य तं लोकोऽनुविधीयते ॥२८॥
28. yastu niḥśreyasaṁ jñātvā jñānaṁ tatpratipadyate ,
ātmano matamutsṛjya taṁ loko'nuvidhīyate.
28. yaḥ tu niḥśreyasam jñātvā jñānam tat pratipadyate
ātmanaḥ matam utsṛjya tam lokaḥ anuvidhīyate
28. yaḥ tu niḥśreyasam jñātvā ātmanaḥ matam utsṛjya
tat jñānam pratipadyate tam lokaḥ anuvidhīyate
28. But the person who, understanding the ultimate good (niḥśreyasa), attains that knowledge, giving up his own preconceived notions (matam), is followed by the world.
योऽर्थकामस्य वचनं प्रातिकूल्यान्न मृष्यते ।
शृणोति प्रतिकूलानि विमना नचिरादिव ॥२९॥
29. yo'rthakāmasya vacanaṁ prātikūlyānna mṛṣyate ,
śṛṇoti pratikūlāni vimanā nacirādiva.
29. yaḥ arthakāmasya vacanam prātikūlyāt na
mṛṣyate śṛṇoti pratikūlāni vimanā na cirāt iva
29. yaḥ prātikūlyāt arthakāmasya vacanam na mṛṣyate
saḥ vimanā na cirāt iva pratikūlāni śṛṇoti
29. The one who does not tolerate the words of a person driven by material desire (arthakāmasya) due to his own opposition, soon hears unfavorable things (pratikūlāni) with a distressed mind.
अग्राम्यचरितां बुद्धिमत्यन्तं यो न बुध्यते ।
जितानामजितानां च क्षत्रधर्मादपैति सः ॥३०॥
30. agrāmyacaritāṁ buddhimatyantaṁ yo na budhyate ,
jitānāmajitānāṁ ca kṣatradharmādapaiti saḥ.
30. yaḥ agrāmyacaritām buddhim atyantam yaḥ na budhyate
saḥ jitānām ajitānām ca kṣatradharmāt apaiti
30. yaḥ agrāmyacaritām buddhim atyantam yaḥ na budhyate
saḥ jitānām ajitānām ca kṣatradharmāt apaiti
30. The person who does not fully understand the intellect of refined conduct (agrāmyacaritā buddhim) deviates from the natural law (dharma) of a warrior (kṣatradharma), which applies equally to those he has subdued and those he has not.
मुख्यानमात्यान्यो हित्वा निहीनान्कुरुते प्रियान् ।
स वै व्यसनमासाद्य गाधमार्तो न विन्दति ॥३१॥
31. mukhyānamātyānyo hitvā nihīnānkurute priyān ,
sa vai vyasanamāsādya gādhamārto na vindati.
31. mukhyān amātyān yaḥ hitvā nihīnān kurute priyān
saḥ vai vyasanam āsādya gādham ārtaḥ na vindati
31. yaḥ mukhyān amātyān hitvā nihīnān priyān kurute,
saḥ vai vyasanam āsādya ārtaḥ gādham na vindati
31. A person who, forsaking his principal ministers, makes inferior people his favorites, will, upon facing calamity, find himself distressed and unable to find a way out.
यः कल्याणगुणाञ्ज्ञातीन्द्वेषान्नैवाभिमन्यते ।
अदृढात्मा दृढक्रोधो नास्यार्थो रमतेऽन्तिके ॥३२॥
32. yaḥ kalyāṇaguṇāñjñātīndveṣānnaivābhimanyate ,
adṛḍhātmā dṛḍhakrodho nāsyārtho ramate'ntike.
32. yaḥ kalyāṇaguṇān jñātīn dveṣāt na eva abhimanyate
adṛḍhātmā dṛḍhakrodhaḥ na asya arthaḥ ramate antike
32. yaḥ dveṣāt kalyāṇaguṇān jñātīn na eva abhimanyate,
saḥ adṛḍhātmā dṛḍhakrodhaḥ (asti); asya arthaḥ antike na ramate.
32. The person who, out of hatred, does not respect his virtuous relatives - a person with an unstable mind (ātman) and strong anger - will find that prosperity does not long remain with him.
अथ यो गुणसंपन्नान्हृदयस्याप्रियानपि ।
प्रियेण कुरुते वश्यांश्चिरं यशसि तिष्ठति ॥३३॥
33. atha yo guṇasaṁpannānhṛdayasyāpriyānapi ,
priyeṇa kurute vaśyāṁściraṁ yaśasi tiṣṭhati.
33. atha yaḥ guṇasampannān hṛdayasya apriyān api
priyeṇa kurute vaśyān ciram yaśasi tiṣṭhati
33. atha yaḥ hṛdayasya apriyān api guṇasampannān priyeṇa vaśyān kurute,
(saḥ) ciram yaśasi tiṣṭhati
33. Now, a person who, through affection or pleasing means, makes those who are virtuous but perhaps disagreeable to his heart subservient, such a person remains in glory for a long time.
नाकाले प्रणयेदर्थान्नाप्रिये जातु संज्वरेत् ।
प्रिये नातिभृशं हृष्येद्युज्येतारोग्यकर्मणि ॥३४॥
34. nākāle praṇayedarthānnāpriye jātu saṁjvaret ,
priye nātibhṛśaṁ hṛṣyedyujyetārogyakarmaṇi.
34. na akāle praṇayet arthān na apriye jātu saṃjvaret
priye na atibhṛśam hṛṣyet yujyeta ārogyakarmaṇi
34. (kaścid) akāle arthān na praṇayet; apriye jātu na saṃjvaret; priye na atibhṛśam hṛṣyet; ārogyakarmaṇi yujyeta.
34. One should not initiate important matters at an inappropriate time, nor should one ever become agitated over something disagreeable. One should not rejoice excessively over something beloved. Rather, one should always engage in actions that promote health (karma).
के मानुरक्ता राजानः के भयात्समुपाश्रिताः ।
मध्यस्थदोषाः के चैषामिति नित्यं विचिन्तयेत् ॥३५॥
35. ke mānuraktā rājānaḥ ke bhayātsamupāśritāḥ ,
madhyasthadoṣāḥ ke caiṣāmiti nityaṁ vicintayet.
35. ke mānuraktāḥ rājānaḥ ke bhayāt samupāśritāḥ
madhyasthadoṣāḥ ke ca eṣām iti nityaṃ vicintayet
35. rājānaḥ ke mānuraktāḥ ke bhayāt samupāśritāḥ ca
eṣām ke madhyasthadoṣāḥ iti nityaṃ vicintayet
35. A ruler should always consider: Who are the kings loyal to him? Who have taken refuge out of fear? And who among them are flawed due to their indecisiveness or neutrality?
न जातु बलवान्भूत्वा दुर्बले विश्वसेत्क्वचित् ।
भारुण्डसदृशा ह्येते निपतन्ति प्रमाद्यतः ॥३६॥
36. na jātu balavānbhūtvā durbale viśvasetkvacit ,
bhāruṇḍasadṛśā hyete nipatanti pramādyataḥ.
36. na jātu balavān bhūtvā durjale viśvaset kvacit
bhāruṇḍasadṛśāḥ hi ete nipatanti pramādyataḥ
36. balavān bhūtvā durjale kvacit na jātu viśvaset
hi ete bhāruṇḍasadṛśāḥ pramādyataḥ nipatanti
36. A strong person should never, at any time, trust a weak one. For such (weak individuals) are like Bhāruṇḍa birds, who strike down the negligent.
अपि सर्वैर्गुणैर्युक्तं भर्तारं प्रियवादिनम् ।
अभिद्रुह्यति पापात्मा तस्माद्धि विभिषेज्जनात् ॥३७॥
37. api sarvairguṇairyuktaṁ bhartāraṁ priyavādinam ,
abhidruhyati pāpātmā tasmāddhi vibhiṣejjanāt.
37. api sarvaiḥ guṇaiḥ yuktaṃ bhartāraṃ priyavādinam
abhidruhyati pāpātmā tasmāt hi vibhiṣet janāt
37. pāpātmā api sarvaiḥ guṇaiḥ yuktaṃ priyavādinaṃ
bhartāraṃ abhidruhyati hi tasmāt janāt vibhiṣet
37. A wicked person (pāpa-ātman) will betray even a master who is endowed with all virtues and speaks kindly. Therefore, one should indeed be wary of such an individual.
एतां राजोपनिषदं ययातिः स्माह नाहुषः ।
मनुष्यविजये युक्तो हन्ति शत्रूननुत्तमान् ॥३८॥
38. etāṁ rājopaniṣadaṁ yayātiḥ smāha nāhuṣaḥ ,
manuṣyavijaye yukto hanti śatrūnanuttamān.
38. etāṃ rājopaniṣadaṃ yayātiḥ sma āha nāhuṣaḥ
manuṣyavijaye yuktaḥ hanti śatrūn anuttamān
38. nāhuṣaḥ yayātiḥ etāṃ rājopaniṣadaṃ sma āha
manuṣyavijaye yuktaḥ śatrūn anuttamān hanti
38. Yayati, son of Nahusha, proclaimed this supreme doctrine (rāja-upaniṣad) for kings. One who is adept at conquering people destroys even the most formidable enemies.