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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-37

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अपूर्वं वा भवेत्पात्रमथ वापि चिरोषितम् ।
दूरादभ्यागतं वापि किं पात्रं स्यात्पितामह ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
apūrvaṁ vā bhavetpātramatha vāpi ciroṣitam ,
dūrādabhyāgataṁ vāpi kiṁ pātraṁ syātpitāmaha.
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca apūrvam vā bhavet pātram atha vā api
cira-oṣitam dūrāt abhyāgatam vā api kim pātram syāt pitāmaha
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca pitāmaha,
pātram apūrvam vā bhavet atha vā api cira-oṣitam vā api dūrāt abhyāgatam kim pātram syāt
1. Yudhishthira said: O Grandfather, should the deserving recipient be one who is unprecedented, or one who has resided here for a long time, or even one who has arrived from afar? What kind of recipient should it be?
भीष्म उवाच ।
क्रिया भवति केषांचिदुपांशुव्रतमुत्तमम् ।
यो यो याचेत यत्किंचित्सर्वं दद्याम इत्युत ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
kriyā bhavati keṣāṁcidupāṁśuvratamuttamam ,
yo yo yāceta yatkiṁcitsarvaṁ dadyāma ityuta.
2. bhīṣma uvāca kriyā bhavati keṣāṃcit upāṃśu-vratam
uttamam yaḥ yaḥ yāceta yat kiṃcit sarvam dadyāma iti uta
2. bhīṣma uvāca keṣāṃcit uttamam upāṃśu-vratam kriyā bhavati.
yaḥ yaḥ yat kiṃcit yāceta,
"sarvam dadyāma" iti uta
2. Bhishma said: For some, the silent vow (upāṃśu-vrata) is the most excellent practice. It is declared: 'Whatever anyone asks for, we shall give everything.'
अपीडयन्भृत्यवर्गमित्येवमनुशुश्रुम ।
पीडयन्भृत्यवर्गं हि आत्मानमपकर्षति ॥३॥
3. apīḍayanbhṛtyavargamityevamanuśuśruma ,
pīḍayanbhṛtyavargaṁ hi ātmānamapakarṣati.
3. apīḍayan bhṛtyavargam iti evam anuśuśruma |
pīḍayan bhṛtyavargam hi ātmānam apakarṣati
3. iti evam anuśuśruma bhṛtyavargam apīḍayan (syāt)
hi bhṛtyavargam pīḍayan ātmānam apakarṣati
3. We have thus heard it said: one should not oppress their retinue. Indeed, by oppressing one's retinue, one diminishes their own self (ātman).
अपूर्वं वापि यत्पात्रं यच्चापि स्याच्चिरोषितम् ।
दूरादभ्यागतं चापि तत्पात्रं च विदुर्बुधाः ॥४॥
4. apūrvaṁ vāpi yatpātraṁ yaccāpi syācciroṣitam ,
dūrādabhyāgataṁ cāpi tatpātraṁ ca vidurbudhāḥ.
4. apūrvam vā api yat pātram yat ca api syāt ciroṣitam
| dūrāt abhyāgatam ca api tat pātram ca viduḥ budhāḥ
4. yat pātram apūrvam vā api,
yat ca api ciroṣitam syāt,
ca api dūrāt abhyāgatam (syāt),
tat pātram ca budhāḥ viduḥ
4. The wise know that person to be a worthy recipient who is either unprecedented (in merit), or has resided (in a place of learning or austerity) for a long time, or has come from afar.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अपीडया च भृत्यानां धर्मस्याहिंसया तथा ।
पात्रं विद्याम तत्त्वेन यस्मै दत्तं न संतपेत् ॥५॥
5. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
apīḍayā ca bhṛtyānāṁ dharmasyāhiṁsayā tathā ,
pātraṁ vidyāma tattvena yasmai dattaṁ na saṁtapet.
5. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | apīḍayā ca bhṛtyānām dharmasya ahiṃsayā
tathā | pātram vidyāma tattvena yasmai dattam na santapet
5. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca bhṛtyānām apīḍayā ca,
tathā dharmasya ahiṃsayā ca,
tattvena pātram vidyāma yasmai dattam (sat) na santapet
5. Yudhiṣṭhira said: How may we truly understand a worthy recipient (pātra) by not oppressing our dependents and by not violating (our own) natural law (dharma) through non-harm, so that a gift given to them would not cause remorse?
भीष्म उवाच ।
ऋत्विक्पुरोहिताचार्याः शिष्याः संबन्धिबान्धवाः ।
सर्वे पूज्याश्च मान्याश्च श्रुतवृत्तोपसंहिताः ॥६॥
6. bhīṣma uvāca ,
ṛtvikpurohitācāryāḥ śiṣyāḥ saṁbandhibāndhavāḥ ,
sarve pūjyāśca mānyāśca śrutavṛttopasaṁhitāḥ.
6. bhīṣma uvāca | ṛtvik purohitācāryāḥ śiṣyāḥ sambandhibāndhavāḥ
| sarve pūjyāḥ ca mānyāḥ ca śrutavṛttopasaṃhitāḥ
6. bhīṣma uvāca ṛtvik,
purohitācāryāḥ,
śiṣyāḥ,
sambandhibāndhavāḥ (ca),
sarve śrutavṛttopasaṃhitāḥ,
pūjyāḥ ca mānyāḥ ca (bhavanti)
6. Bhīṣma said: The ritual priests (ṛtvik), household priests, preceptors, disciples, relatives by marriage, and blood-relatives – all of them, being endowed with scriptural knowledge and good conduct, are to be revered and respected.
अतोऽन्यथा वर्तमानाः सर्वे नार्हन्ति सत्क्रियाम् ।
तस्मान्नित्यं परीक्षेत पुरुषान्प्रणिधाय वै ॥७॥
7. ato'nyathā vartamānāḥ sarve nārhanti satkriyām ,
tasmānnityaṁ parīkṣeta puruṣānpraṇidhāya vai.
7. ataḥ anyathā vartamānāḥ sarve na arhanti satkriyām
tasmāt nityam parīkṣeta puruṣān praṇidhāya vai
7. ataḥ sarve anyathā vartamānāḥ satkriyām na arhanti
tasmāt nityam puruṣān praṇidhāya vai parīkṣeta
7. Therefore, all who behave otherwise do not deserve proper respect. For this reason, one should always carefully examine individuals.
अक्रोधः सत्यवचनमहिंसा दम आर्जवम् ।
अद्रोहो नातिमानश्च ह्रीस्तितिक्षा तपः शमः ॥८॥
8. akrodhaḥ satyavacanamahiṁsā dama ārjavam ,
adroho nātimānaśca hrīstitikṣā tapaḥ śamaḥ.
8. akrodhaḥ satyavacanam ahiṃsā damaḥ ārjavam
adrohaḥ na atimānaḥ ca hrīḥ titikṣā tapaḥ śamaḥ
8. akrodhaḥ satyavacanam ahiṃsā damaḥ ārjavam
adrohaḥ na atimānaḥ ca hrīḥ titikṣā tapaḥ śamaḥ
8. Non-anger, truthful speech, non-violence, self-control, straightforwardness, freedom from malice, absence of excessive pride, modesty, forbearance, austerity (tapas), and inner peace.
यस्मिन्नेतानि दृश्यन्ते न चाकार्याणि भारत ।
भावतो विनिविष्टानि तत्पात्रं मानमर्हति ॥९॥
9. yasminnetāni dṛśyante na cākāryāṇi bhārata ,
bhāvato viniviṣṭāni tatpātraṁ mānamarhati.
9. yasmin etāni dṛśyante na ca akāryāṇi bhārata
bhāvataḥ viniviṣṭāni tat pātram mānam arhati
9. bhārata yasmin etāni bhāvataḥ viniviṣṭāni
dṛśyante ca akāryāṇi na tat pātram mānam arhati
9. O Bhārata, in whom these [virtues] are seen, and no improper actions, and in whom these [virtues] are sincerely and firmly established, that person is worthy of respect.
तथा चिरोषितं चापि संप्रत्यागतमेव च ।
अपूर्वं चैव पूर्वं च तत्पात्रं मानमर्हति ॥१०॥
10. tathā ciroṣitaṁ cāpi saṁpratyāgatameva ca ,
apūrvaṁ caiva pūrvaṁ ca tatpātraṁ mānamarhati.
10. tathā ciroṣitam ca api sampratyāgatam eva ca
apūrvam ca eva pūrvam ca tat pātram mānam arhati
10. tathā ciroṣitam ca api sampratyāgatam eva ca
apūrvam ca eva pūrvam ca tat pātram mānam arhati
10. Similarly, whether one has resided for a long time or has just recently arrived, and whether one is new or old, that worthy person deserves honor.
अप्रामाण्यं च वेदानां शास्त्राणां चातिलङ्घनम् ।
सर्वत्र चानवस्थानमेतन्नाशनमात्मनः ॥११॥
11. aprāmāṇyaṁ ca vedānāṁ śāstrāṇāṁ cātilaṅghanam ,
sarvatra cānavasthānametannāśanamātmanaḥ.
11. aprāmāṇyam ca vedānām śāstrāṇām ca atilaṅghanam
sarvatra ca anavasthānam etat nāśanam ātmanaḥ
11. vedānām aprāmāṇyam ca śāstrāṇām atilaṅghanam ca
sarvatra anavasthānam ca etat ātmanaḥ nāśanam
11. Invalidating the authority of the Vedas and transgressing the scriptures, coupled with inconsistency in all matters – this leads to the destruction of the self (ātman).
भवेत्पण्डितमानी यो ब्राह्मणो वेदनिन्दकः ।
आन्वीक्षिकीं तर्कविद्यामनुरक्तो निरर्थिकाम् ॥१२॥
12. bhavetpaṇḍitamānī yo brāhmaṇo vedanindakaḥ ,
ānvīkṣikīṁ tarkavidyāmanurakto nirarthikām.
12. bhavet paṇḍitamānī yaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ vedanindakaḥ
ānvīkṣikīm tarkavidyām anuraktaḥ nirarthikām
12. yaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ paṇḍitamānī vedanindakaḥ nirarthikām
ānvīkṣikīm tarkavidyām anuraktaḥ bhavet
12. That brahmin who, conceitedly considering himself a scholar, slanders the Vedas and is devoted to the fruitless science of logic (ānvīkṣikī) and reasoning...
हेतुवादान्ब्रुवन्सत्सु विजेताहेतुवादिकः ।
आक्रोष्टा चातिवक्ता च ब्राह्मणानां सदैव हि ॥१३॥
13. hetuvādānbruvansatsu vijetāhetuvādikaḥ ,
ākroṣṭā cātivaktā ca brāhmaṇānāṁ sadaiva hi.
13. hetuvādān bruvan satsu vijetā ahetuvādikaḥ
ākroṣṭā ca ativaktā ca brāhmaṇānām sadā eva hi
13. satsu hetuvādān bruvan,
ahetuvādikaḥ vijetā ca,
brāhmaṇānām sadā ākroṣṭā ca ativaktā eva hi
13. He who, while presenting reasoned arguments among the virtuous, believes himself victorious with illogical arguments, and is always abusive and overly critical of brahmins, indeed,...
सर्वाभिशङ्की मूढश्च बालः कटुकवागपि ।
बोद्धव्यस्तादृशस्तात नरश्वानं हि तं विदुः ॥१४॥
14. sarvābhiśaṅkī mūḍhaśca bālaḥ kaṭukavāgapi ,
boddhavyastādṛśastāta naraśvānaṁ hi taṁ viduḥ.
14. sarvābhiśaṅkī mūḍhaḥ ca bālaḥ kaṭukavāk api
boddhavyaḥ tādṛśaḥ tāta naraśvānam hi tam viduḥ
14. tāta! sarvābhiśaṅkī mūḍhaḥ ca bālaḥ kaṭukavāk api tādṛśaḥ boddhavyaḥ.
hi,
tam naraśvānam viduḥ.
14. Always suspicious, foolish, childish, and even harsh-spoken – such a person, my dear, should be recognized. Indeed, people consider him a dog-man.
यथा श्वा भषितुं चैव हन्तुं चैवावसृज्यते ।
एवं संभाषणार्थाय सर्वशास्त्रवधाय च ।
अल्पश्रुताः कुतर्काश्च दृष्टाः स्पृष्टाः कुपण्डिताः ॥१५॥
15. yathā śvā bhaṣituṁ caiva hantuṁ caivāvasṛjyate ,
evaṁ saṁbhāṣaṇārthāya sarvaśāstravadhāya ca ,
alpaśrutāḥ kutarkāśca dṛṣṭāḥ spṛṣṭāḥ kupaṇḍitāḥ.
15. yathā śvā bhaṣitum ca eva hantum ca eva
avasṛjyate | evam saṃbhāṣaṇa-arthāya
sarva-śāstra-vadhāya ca | alpa-śrutāḥ
kutarkāḥ ca dṛṣṭāḥ spṛṣṭāḥ kupanḍitāḥ
15. yathā śvā bhaṣitum ca eva hantum ca eva avasṛjyate,
evam alpa-śrutāḥ kutarkāḥ ca dṛṣṭāḥ spṛṣṭāḥ kupanḍitāḥ saṃbhāṣaṇa-arthāya ca sarva-śāstra-vadhāya ca
15. Just as a dog is let loose both to bark and to kill, similarly, those poorly educated individuals, sophists, and incompetent scholars - who are commonly encountered - are predisposed to argumentation and the undermining of all scriptures.
श्रुतिस्मृतीतिहासादिपुराणारण्यवेदिनः ।
अनुरुन्ध्याद्बहुज्ञांश्च सारज्ञांश्चैव पण्डितान् ॥१६॥
16. śrutismṛtītihāsādipurāṇāraṇyavedinaḥ ,
anurundhyādbahujñāṁśca sārajñāṁścaiva paṇḍitān.
16. śruti-smṛti-itihāsa-ādi-purāṇa-āraṇyaka-vedinaḥ |
anurundhyāt bahujñān ca sārajñān ca eva paṇḍitān
16. (ekaḥ) anurundhyāt śruti-smṛti-itihāsa-ādi-purāṇa-āraṇyaka-vedinaḥ
bahujñān ca sārajñān ca eva paṇḍitān
16. One should indeed respect those scholars who are versed in the Śrutis, Smṛtis, Itihāsas, Purāṇas, Āraṇyakas, and so forth, and who are truly knowledgeable and discerning.
लोकयात्रा च द्रष्टव्या धर्मश्चात्महितानि च ।
एवं नरो वर्तमानः शाश्वतीरेधते समाः ॥१७॥
17. lokayātrā ca draṣṭavyā dharmaścātmahitāni ca ,
evaṁ naro vartamānaḥ śāśvatīredhate samāḥ.
17. loka-yātrā ca draṣṭavyā dharmaḥ ca ātma-hitāni
ca | evam naraḥ vartamānaḥ śāśvatīḥ edhate samāḥ
17. loka-yātrā ca draṣṭavyā,
dharmaḥ ca ātma-hitāni ca (draṣṭavyāni).
evam vartamānaḥ naraḥ śāśvatīḥ samāḥ edhate
17. The conduct of life, natural law (dharma), and one's own well-being should be considered. A person who acts in this way thrives for countless years.
ऋणमुन्मुच्य देवानामृषीणां च तथैव च ।
पितॄणामथ विप्राणामतिथीनां च पञ्चमम् ॥१८॥
18. ṛṇamunmucya devānāmṛṣīṇāṁ ca tathaiva ca ,
pitṝṇāmatha viprāṇāmatithīnāṁ ca pañcamam.
18. ṛṇam unmucya devānām ṛṣīṇām ca tathā eva ca
| pitṝṇām atha viprāṇām atithīnām ca pañcamam
18. devānām ca ṛṣīṇām ca tathā eva ca pitṝṇām atha
viprāṇām ca atithīnām ca pañcamam ṛṇam unmucya
18. Having discharged the debt of the gods, and similarly of the sages, and also of the ancestors, then of the Brahmins, and fifthly, of the guests.
पर्यायेण विशुद्धेन सुनिर्णिक्तेन कर्मणा ।
एवं गृहस्थः कर्माणि कुर्वन्धर्मान्न हीयते ॥१९॥
19. paryāyeṇa viśuddhena sunirṇiktena karmaṇā ,
evaṁ gṛhasthaḥ karmāṇi kurvandharmānna hīyate.
19. paryāyeṇa viśuddhena sunirṇiktena karmaṇā evam
gṛhasthaḥ karmāṇi kurvan dharmāt na hīyate
19. evam gṛhasthaḥ paryāyeṇa viśuddhena sunirṇiktena
karmaṇā karmāṇi kurvan dharmāt na hīyate
19. Thus, a householder performing actions (karma) in a pure, carefully executed, and systematic manner does not deviate from his natural law (dharma).