Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-116

Use the following checkboxes to set the display options for this chapter (You can also control the display of each verse separately):
what would you like to see in each verse:
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
पितामह महाप्राज्ञ संशयो मे महानयम् ।
स च्छेत्तव्यस्त्वया राजन्भवान्कुलकरो हि नः ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
pitāmaha mahāprājña saṁśayo me mahānayam ,
sa cchettavyastvayā rājanbhavānkulakaro hi naḥ.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | pitāmaha mahāprājña saṃśayaḥ me mahān
ayam | saḥ chettavyaḥ tvayā rājan bhavān kulakaraḥ hi naḥ
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca – pitāmaha,
mahāprājña,
rājan! ayam mahān me saṃśayaḥ tvayā chettavyaḥ.
hi bhavān naḥ kulakaraḥ (asti).
1. Yudhishthira said: 'O Grandfather, O greatly wise one! This great doubt of mine must be dispelled by you, O King, for you are indeed the upholder of our family.'
पुरुषाणामयं तात दुर्वृत्तानां दुरात्मनाम् ।
कथितो वाक्यसंचारस्ततो विज्ञापयामि ते ॥२॥
2. puruṣāṇāmayaṁ tāta durvṛttānāṁ durātmanām ,
kathito vākyasaṁcārastato vijñāpayāmi te.
2. puruṣāṇām ayam tāta durvṛttānām durātmanām
kathitaḥ vākyasaṃcāraḥ tataḥ vijñāpayāmi te
2. tāta ayam durvṛttānām durātmanām puruṣāṇām
vākyasaṃcāraḥ kathitaḥ tataḥ te vijñāpayāmi
2. Father, this discourse concerning ill-behaved and evil-minded individuals has been narrated. Therefore, I am informing you of it.
यद्धितं राज्यतन्त्रस्य कुलस्य च सुखोदयम् ।
आयत्यां च तदात्वे च क्षेमवृद्धिकरं च यत् ॥३॥
3. yaddhitaṁ rājyatantrasya kulasya ca sukhodayam ,
āyatyāṁ ca tadātve ca kṣemavṛddhikaraṁ ca yat.
3. yat hitam rājyatantrasya kulasya ca sukhodayam
āyatyām ca tadātve ca kṣemavṛddhikaram ca yat
3. yat rājyatantrasya hitam kulasya ca sukhodayam,
ca yat āyatyām ca tadātve ca kṣemavṛddhikaram
3. That which is beneficial for the state system and brings prosperity to the family, and which ensures welfare and growth both in the present and in the future...
पुत्रपौत्राभिरामं च राष्ट्रवृद्धिकरं च यत् ।
अन्नपाने शरीरे च हितं यत्तद्ब्रवीहि मे ॥४॥
4. putrapautrābhirāmaṁ ca rāṣṭravṛddhikaraṁ ca yat ,
annapāne śarīre ca hitaṁ yattadbravīhi me.
4. putrapautrābhirāmam ca rāṣṭravṛddhikaram ca
yat annapāne śarīre ca hitam yat tat bravīhi me
4. yat putrapautrābhirāmam ca rāṣṭravṛddhikaram ca,
ca yat annapāne śarīre ca hitam,
tat me bravīhi
4. And that which is delightful for sons and grandsons, and which promotes the prosperity of the nation (rāṣṭra), and that which is beneficial for food, drink, and the body - tell me that.
अभिषिक्तो हि यो राजा राज्यस्थो मित्रसंवृतः ।
असुहृत्समुपेतो वा स कथं रञ्जयेत्प्रजाः ॥५॥
5. abhiṣikto hi yo rājā rājyastho mitrasaṁvṛtaḥ ,
asuhṛtsamupeto vā sa kathaṁ rañjayetprajāḥ.
5. abhiṣiktaḥ hi yaḥ rājā rājyasthaḥ mitrasaṃvṛtaḥ
asuhṛtsamupetaḥ vā saḥ katham rañjayet prajāḥ
5. hi yaḥ rājā abhiṣiktaḥ rājyasthaḥ mitrasaṃvṛtaḥ vā asuhṛtsamupetaḥ,
saḥ katham prajāḥ rañjayet
5. Indeed, how can a king, whether he is crowned and established in his kingdom, surrounded by friends, or accompanied by enemies, please his subjects?
यो ह्यसत्प्रग्रहरतिः स्नेहरागबलात्कृतः ।
इन्द्रियाणामनीशत्वादसज्जनबुभूषकः ॥६॥
6. yo hyasatpragraharatiḥ sneharāgabalātkṛtaḥ ,
indriyāṇāmanīśatvādasajjanabubhūṣakaḥ.
6. yaḥ hi asatpragraharatiḥ sneharāgabalātkṛtaḥ
indriyāṇām anīśatvāt asajjanabubhūṣakaḥ
6. yaḥ hi asatpragraharatiḥ sneha rāga balātkṛtaḥ
indriyāṇām anīśatvāt asajjanabubhūṣakaḥ
6. Indeed, the one who finds pleasure in improper pursuits, driven by the strong influence of affection and passion, and who, due to a lack of control over his senses, desires to associate with wicked individuals.
तस्य भृत्या विगुणतां यान्ति सर्वे कुलोद्गताः ।
न च भृत्यफलैरर्थैः स राजा संप्रयुज्यते ॥७॥
7. tasya bhṛtyā viguṇatāṁ yānti sarve kulodgatāḥ ,
na ca bhṛtyaphalairarthaiḥ sa rājā saṁprayujyate.
7. tasya bhṛtyāḥ viguṇatām yānti sarve kulodgatāḥ na
ca bhṛtyaphalaiḥ arthaiḥ saḥ rājā saṃprayujyate
7. tasya kulodgatāḥ sarve bhṛtyāḥ viguṇatām yānti ca
saḥ rājā bhṛtyaphalaiḥ arthaiḥ na saṃprayujyate
7. All his servants, even those born in his own family, become devoid of good qualities. And that king does not obtain resources or benefits from the efforts of his servants.
एतान्मे संशयस्थस्य राजधर्मान्सुदुर्लभान् ।
बृहस्पतिसमो बुद्ध्या भवाञ्शंसितुमर्हति ॥८॥
8. etānme saṁśayasthasya rājadharmānsudurlabhān ,
bṛhaspatisamo buddhyā bhavāñśaṁsitumarhati.
8. etān me saṃśayasthasya rājadharmān sudurlabhān
bṛhaspatisamaḥ buddhyā bhavān śaṃsitum arhati
8. buddhyā bṛhaspatisamaḥ bhavān saṃśayasthasya me
etān sudurlabhān rājadharmān śaṃsitum arhati
8. You, who are equal to Brihaspati in intellect, ought to explain these very rare royal duties (dharma) to me, who am currently filled with doubt.
शंसिता पुरुषव्याघ्र त्वं नः कुलहिते रतः ।
क्षत्ता चैव पटुप्रज्ञो यो नः शंसति सर्वदा ॥९॥
9. śaṁsitā puruṣavyāghra tvaṁ naḥ kulahite rataḥ ,
kṣattā caiva paṭuprajño yo naḥ śaṁsati sarvadā.
9. śaṃsitā puruṣavyāghra tvam naḥ kulahite rataḥ
kṣattā ca eva paṭuprajñaḥ yaḥ naḥ śaṃsati sarvadā
9. puruṣavyāghra tvam naḥ kulahite rataḥ śaṃsitā ca
eva paṭuprajñaḥ yaḥ kṣattā naḥ sarvadā śaṃsati
9. O best of men (puruṣa), you are devoted to our family's welfare and are our instructor. Indeed, you, the sharp-witted charioteer (kṣattā), are the one who always advises us.
त्वत्तः कुलहितं वाक्यं श्रुत्वा राज्यहितोदयम् ।
अमृतस्याव्ययस्येव तृप्तः स्वप्स्याम्यहं सुखम् ॥१०॥
10. tvattaḥ kulahitaṁ vākyaṁ śrutvā rājyahitodayam ,
amṛtasyāvyayasyeva tṛptaḥ svapsyāmyahaṁ sukham.
10. tvattaḥ kulahitam vākyam śrutvā rājyahitodayam
amṛtasya avyayasya iva tṛptaḥ svapsyāmi aham sukham
10. tvattaḥ kulahitam rājyahitodayam vākyam śrutvā,
amṛtasya avyayasya iva tṛptaḥ aham sukham svapsyāmi
10. Having heard from you words that are beneficial to the family and lead to the prosperity of the kingdom, I will sleep peacefully, satisfied as if by imperishable nectar.
कीदृषाः संनिकर्षस्था भृत्याः स्युर्वा गुणान्विताः ।
कीदृशैः किंकुलीनैर्वा सह यात्रा विधीयते ॥११॥
11. kīdṛṣāḥ saṁnikarṣasthā bhṛtyāḥ syurvā guṇānvitāḥ ,
kīdṛśaiḥ kiṁkulīnairvā saha yātrā vidhīyate.
11. kīdṛśāḥ saṃnikarṣasthāḥ bhṛtyāḥ syuḥ vā guṇānvitāḥ
kīdṛśaiḥ kimkulīnaiḥ vā saha yātrā vidhīyate
11. saṃnikarṣasthāḥ vā guṇānvitāḥ bhṛtyāḥ kīdṛśāḥ
syuḥ? kīdṛśaiḥ vā kimkulīnaiḥ saha yātrā vidhīyate?
11. What kind of servants should be kept close, or rather, which ones should be endowed with good qualities? With what kind of people, or from what lineage, should one undertake an enterprise?
न ह्येको भृत्यरहितो राजा भवति रक्षिता ।
राज्यं चेदं जनः सर्वस्तत्कुलीनोऽभिशंसति ॥१२॥
12. na hyeko bhṛtyarahito rājā bhavati rakṣitā ,
rājyaṁ cedaṁ janaḥ sarvastatkulīno'bhiśaṁsati.
12. na hi ekaḥ bhṛtyarahitaḥ rājā bhavati rakṣitā
rājyam ca idam janaḥ sarvaḥ tatkulīnaḥ abhisaṃsati
12. hi na ekaḥ bhṛtyarahitaḥ rājā rakṣitā bhavati ca
idam rājyam sarvaḥ tatkulīnaḥ janaḥ abhisaṃsati
12. Indeed, a single king without servants cannot be a protector. Moreover, all the people, including his own kinsmen, will censure this kingdom.
न हि प्रशास्तुं राज्यं हि शक्यमेकेन भारत ।
असहायवता तात नैवार्थाः केचिदप्युत ।
लब्धुं लब्ध्वा चापि सदा रक्षितुं भरतर्षभ ॥१३॥
13. na hi praśāstuṁ rājyaṁ hi śakyamekena bhārata ,
asahāyavatā tāta naivārthāḥ kecidapyuta ,
labdhuṁ labdhvā cāpi sadā rakṣituṁ bharatarṣabha.
13. na hi praśāstum rājyam hi śakyam
ekena bhārata asahāyavatā tāta na eva
arthāḥ kecit api uta labdhum labdhvā
ca api sadā rakṣitum bharatarṣabha
13. hi na ekena rājyam praśāstum hi śakyam,
bhārata! tāta asahāyavatā eva na kecit arthāḥ api uta labdhum ca labdhvā api sadā rakṣitum (śakyāḥ bhavanti),
bharatarṣabha!
13. Indeed, it is certainly not possible for a single individual to govern a kingdom, O Bhārata. O dear one, by one who is without support, no objectives whatsoever can be achieved, nor can they, once achieved, be always protected, O best of the Bharatas.
भीष्म उवाच ।
यस्य भृत्यजनः सर्वो ज्ञानविज्ञानकोविदः ।
हितैषी कुलजः स्निग्धः स राज्यफलमश्नुते ॥१४॥
14. bhīṣma uvāca ,
yasya bhṛtyajanaḥ sarvo jñānavijñānakovidaḥ ,
hitaiṣī kulajaḥ snigdhaḥ sa rājyaphalamaśnute.
14. yasya bhṛtyajanaḥ sarvaḥ jñānavijñānakovidaḥ
hitaiṣī kulajaḥ snigdhaḥ saḥ rājyaphalam aśnute
14. yasya sarvaḥ bhṛtyajanaḥ jñānavijñānakovidaḥ
hitaiṣī kulajaḥ snigdhaḥ saḥ rājyaphalam aśnute
14. Bhishma said: That ruler whose entire staff is skilled in knowledge and practical wisdom, well-wishing, of noble birth, and affectionate, truly enjoys the full benefits of kingship.
मन्त्रिणो यस्य कुलजा असंहार्याः सहोषिताः ।
नृपतेर्मतिदाः सन्ति संबन्धज्ञानकोविदाः ॥१५॥
15. mantriṇo yasya kulajā asaṁhāryāḥ sahoṣitāḥ ,
nṛpatermatidāḥ santi saṁbandhajñānakovidāḥ.
15. mantriṇaḥ yasya kulajā asaṃhāryāḥ saha ūṣitāḥ
nṛpateḥ matidāḥ santi sambandhajñānakovidāḥ
15. yasya mantriṇaḥ kulajā asaṃhāryāḥ saha ūṣitāḥ
nṛpateḥ matidāḥ sambandhajñānakovidāḥ santi
15. Whose ministers are of noble birth, unshakeable, long-associated (with him), give counsel to the king, and are adept at understanding relationships (sambandha).
अनागतविधातारः कालज्ञानविशारदाः ।
अतिक्रान्तमशोचन्तः स राज्यफलमश्नुते ॥१६॥
16. anāgatavidhātāraḥ kālajñānaviśāradāḥ ,
atikrāntamaśocantaḥ sa rājyaphalamaśnute.
16. anāgatavidhātāraḥ kālajñānaviśāradāḥ
atikrāntam aśocantaḥ saḥ rājyaphalam aśnute
16. ye anāgatavidhātāraḥ kālajñānaviśāradāḥ atikrāntam aśocantaḥ santi,
saḥ rājyaphalam aśnute
16. That ruler whose counselors foresee the future and make provisions, are adept at understanding the proper timing, and do not lament over what has passed, he truly enjoys the benefits of kingship.
समदुःखसुखा यस्य सहायाः सत्यकारिणः ।
अर्थचिन्तापरा यस्य स राज्यफलमश्नुते ॥१७॥
17. samaduḥkhasukhā yasya sahāyāḥ satyakāriṇaḥ ,
arthacintāparā yasya sa rājyaphalamaśnute.
17. samaduḥkhasukhāḥ yasya sahāyāḥ satyakāriṇaḥ
arthacintāparāḥ yasya saḥ rājyaphalam aśnute
17. yasya sahāyāḥ samaduḥkhasukhāḥ satyakāriṇaḥ arthacintāparāḥ yasya santi,
saḥ rājyaphalam aśnute
17. That ruler whose companions share equally in his joys and sorrows, are truthful in action, and are diligently concerned with financial matters, he truly enjoys the benefits of kingship.
यस्य नार्तो जनपदः संनिकर्षगतः सदा ।
अक्षुद्रः सत्पथालम्बी स राज्यफलभाग्भवेत् ॥१८॥
18. yasya nārto janapadaḥ saṁnikarṣagataḥ sadā ,
akṣudraḥ satpathālambī sa rājyaphalabhāgbhavet.
18. yasya na ārtaḥ janapadaḥ saṃnikarṣagataḥ sadā
akṣudraḥ satpathālambī sa rājyaphala-bhāg bhavet
18. yasya saṃnikarṣagataḥ janapadaḥ sadā ārtaḥ na,
sa akṣudraḥ satpathālambī rājyaphala-bhāg bhavet
18. A king whose people (janapada), even those in close proximity, are never distressed, and who is not petty but follows the good path (dharma), he truly partakes of the fruits of kingship.
कोशाक्षपटलं यस्य कोशवृद्धिकरैर्जनैः ।
आप्तैस्तुष्टैश्च सततं धार्यते स नृपोत्तमः ॥१९॥
19. kośākṣapaṭalaṁ yasya kośavṛddhikarairjanaiḥ ,
āptaistuṣṭaiśca satataṁ dhāryate sa nṛpottamaḥ.
19. kośākṣapaṭalaṃ yasya kośavṛddhikaraiḥ janaiḥ
āptaiḥ tuṣṭaiḥ ca satataṃ dhāryate sa nṛpottamaḥ
19. yasya kośākṣapaṭalaṃ kośavṛddhikaraiḥ āptaiḥ tuṣṭaiḥ janaiḥ ca satataṃ dhāryate,
sa nṛpottamaḥ
19. That king is the best (nṛpottama) whose treasury and accounts department (kośākṣapaṭala) is constantly maintained by trustworthy, satisfied people who are dedicated to increasing the treasury.
कोष्ठागारमसंहार्यैराप्तैः संचयतत्परैः ।
पात्रभूतैरलुब्धैश्च पाल्यमानं गुणीभवेत् ॥२०॥
20. koṣṭhāgāramasaṁhāryairāptaiḥ saṁcayatatparaiḥ ,
pātrabhūtairalubdhaiśca pālyamānaṁ guṇībhavet.
20. koṣṭhāgāram asaṃhāryaiḥ āptaiḥ saṃcayatatparaiḥ
pātrabhūtaiḥ alubdhaiḥ ca pālyamānaṃ guṇībhavet
20. asaṃhāryaiḥ āptaiḥ saṃcayatatparaiḥ pātrabhūtaiḥ
alubdhaiḥ ca pālyamānaṃ koṣṭhāgāram guṇībhavet
20. A storehouse (koṣṭhāgāra) that is guarded by incorruptible, trustworthy individuals who are diligent in accumulating resources, are worthy, and are not greedy, will indeed yield benefits.
व्यवहारश्च नगरे यस्य कर्मफलोदयः ।
दृश्यते शङ्खलिखितः स धर्मफलभाग्भवेत् ॥२१॥
21. vyavahāraśca nagare yasya karmaphalodayaḥ ,
dṛśyate śaṅkhalikhitaḥ sa dharmaphalabhāgbhavet.
21. vyavahāraḥ ca nagare yasya karmaphalodayaḥ
dṛśyate śaṅkhalikhitaḥ sa dharmaphalabhāg bhavet
21. yasya nagare karmaphalodayaḥ vyavahāraḥ ca śaṅkhalikhitaḥ dṛśyate,
sa dharmaphalabhāg bhavet
21. And in whose city (nagara) the administration of justice (vyavahāra), where the manifestation of the results of actions (karma) is evident and clearly established by law (śaṅkhalikhita), that king (sa) should partake of the fruit of upholding natural law (dharma).
संगृहीतमनुष्यश्च यो राजा राजधर्मवित् ।
षड्वर्गं प्रतिगृह्णन्स धर्मात्फलमुपाश्नुते ॥२२॥
22. saṁgṛhītamanuṣyaśca yo rājā rājadharmavit ,
ṣaḍvargaṁ pratigṛhṇansa dharmātphalamupāśnute.
22. saṃgṛhīta-manuṣyaḥ ca yaḥ rājā rāja-dharma-vit
ṣaḍ-vargam pratigṛhṇan saḥ dharmāt phalam upāśnute
22. yaḥ rājā saṃgṛhīta-manuṣyaḥ ca rāja-dharma-vit,
saḥ ṣaḍ-vargam pratigṛhṇan,
dharmāt phalam upāśnute
22. That king who has assembled his people and is knowledgeable in the royal constitution (dharma), by duly managing the six aspects of statecraft, reaps the rewards of his righteous conduct (dharma).