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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-62

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कानि दानानि लोकेऽस्मिन्दातुकामो महीपतिः ।
गुणाधिकेभ्यो विप्रेभ्यो दद्याद्भरतसत्तम ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kāni dānāni loke'smindātukāmo mahīpatiḥ ,
guṇādhikebhyo viprebhyo dadyādbharatasattama.
1. Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kāni dānāni loke asmin dātukāmaḥ
mahīpatiḥ guṇādhikebhyaḥ viprebhyaḥ dadyāt bharatasattama
1. bharatasattama Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kāni dānāni asmin loke
dātukāmaḥ mahīpatiḥ guṇādhikebhyaḥ viprebhyaḥ dadyāt
1. Yudhishthira said: O best of Bharatas, what kinds of donations (dāna) should a king, wishing to bestow gifts in this world, give to brahmins who are superior in virtues?
केन तुष्यन्ति ते सद्यस्तुष्टाः किं प्रदिशन्त्युत ।
शंस मे तन्महाबाहो फलं पुण्यकृतं महत् ॥२॥
2. kena tuṣyanti te sadyastuṣṭāḥ kiṁ pradiśantyuta ,
śaṁsa me tanmahābāho phalaṁ puṇyakṛtaṁ mahat.
2. kena tuṣyanti te sadyaḥ tuṣṭāḥ kim pradiśanti
uta śaṃsa me tat mahābāho phalam puṇyakṛtam mahat
2. kena te sadyaḥ tuṣyanti uta tuṣṭāḥ kim pradiśanti
mahābāho śaṃsa me tat mahat phalam puṇyakṛtam
2. By what means are they immediately satisfied? And once satisfied, what do they bestow in return? O mighty-armed one, tell me about that great reward for meritorious actions.
दत्तं किं फलवद्राजन्निह लोके परत्र च ।
भवतः श्रोतुमिच्छामि तन्मे विस्तरतो वद ॥३॥
3. dattaṁ kiṁ phalavadrājanniha loke paratra ca ,
bhavataḥ śrotumicchāmi tanme vistarato vada.
3. dattam kim phalavat rājan iha loke paratra ca
bhavataḥ śrotum icchāmi tat me vistaratas vada
3. rājan kim dattam phalavat iha loke ca paratra
bhavataḥ śrotum icchāmi tat me vistaratas vada
3. O king, what kind of donation (dāna) yields results both in this world and the next? I wish to hear that from you; please explain it to me in detail.
भीष्म उवाच ।
इममर्थं पुरा पृष्टो नारदो देवदर्शनः ।
यदुक्तवानसौ तन्मे गदतः शृणु भारत ॥४॥
4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
imamarthaṁ purā pṛṣṭo nārado devadarśanaḥ ,
yaduktavānasau tanme gadataḥ śṛṇu bhārata.
4. bhīṣma uvāca imam artham purā pṛṣṭaḥ nāradaḥ devadarśanaḥ
yat uktavān asau tat me gadataḥ śṛṇu bhārata
4. bhīṣma uvāca bhārata śṛṇu me gadataḥ tat purā nāradaḥ
devadarśanaḥ imam artham pṛṣṭaḥ asau yat uktavān
4. Bhishma said: O descendant of Bharata, hear from me what the divine seer Narada, when questioned about this very subject long ago, recounted.
नारद उवाच ।
अन्नमेव प्रशंसन्ति देवाः सर्षिगणाः पुरा ।
लोकतन्त्रं हि यज्ञाश्च सर्वमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥५॥
5. nārada uvāca ,
annameva praśaṁsanti devāḥ sarṣigaṇāḥ purā ,
lokatantraṁ hi yajñāśca sarvamanne pratiṣṭhitam.
5. nāradaḥ uvāca annam eva praśaṃsanti devāḥ saṛṣigaṇāḥ
purā lokatantram hi yajñāḥ ca sarvam anne pratiṣṭhitam
5. nāradaḥ uvāca purā devāḥ saṛṣigaṇāḥ annam eva praśaṃsanti
hi lokatantram yajñāḥ ca sarvam anne pratiṣṭhitam
5. Nārada said: In ancient times, gods along with groups of sages praised food alone. Indeed, the entire social order, as well as (Vedic) rituals (yajña), everything is founded upon food.
अन्नेन सदृशं दानं न भूतं न भविष्यति ।
तस्मादन्नं विशेषेण दातुमिच्छन्ति मानवाः ॥६॥
6. annena sadṛśaṁ dānaṁ na bhūtaṁ na bhaviṣyati ,
tasmādannaṁ viśeṣeṇa dātumicchanti mānavāḥ.
6. annena sadṛśam dānam na bhūtam na bhaviṣyati
tasmāt annam viśeṣeṇa dātum icchanti mānavāḥ
6. annena sadṛśam dānam na bhūtam na bhaviṣyati
tasmāt mānavāḥ viśeṣeṇa annam dātum icchanti
6. There has never been, nor will there ever be, a gift comparable to food. Therefore, human beings especially desire to give food.
अन्नमूर्जस्करं लोके प्राणाश्चान्ने प्रतिष्ठिताः ।
अन्नेन धार्यते सर्वं विश्वं जगदिदं प्रभो ॥७॥
7. annamūrjaskaraṁ loke prāṇāścānne pratiṣṭhitāḥ ,
annena dhāryate sarvaṁ viśvaṁ jagadidaṁ prabho.
7. annam ūrjaskaram loke prāṇāḥ ca anne pratiṣṭhitāḥ
annena dhāryate sarvam viśvam jagat idam prabho
7. prabho loke annam ūrjaskaram ca prāṇāḥ anne
pratiṣṭhitāḥ annena sarvam idam viśvam jagat dhāryate
7. Food bestows energy in this world, and all vital energies (prāṇa) are established in food. By food, this entire universe, O Lord, is sustained.
अन्नाद्गृहस्था लोकेऽस्मिन्भिक्षवस्तत एव च ।
अन्नात्प्रभवति प्राणः प्रत्यक्षं नात्र संशयः ॥८॥
8. annādgṛhasthā loke'sminbhikṣavastata eva ca ,
annātprabhavati prāṇaḥ pratyakṣaṁ nātra saṁśayaḥ.
8. annāt gṛhasthāḥ loke asmin bhikṣavaḥ tataḥ eva ca
annāt prabhavati prāṇaḥ pratyakṣam na atra saṃśayaḥ
8. asmin loke gṛhasthāḥ annāt bhikṣavaḥ tataḥ eva ca
prāṇaḥ annāt prabhavati pratyakṣam atra saṃśayaḥ na
8. In this world, householders depend on food, and mendicants likewise depend on it. Life itself (prāṇa) arises from food; this is directly evident, and there is no doubt about it.
कुटुम्बं पीडयित्वापि ब्राह्मणाय महात्मने ।
दातव्यं भिक्षवे चान्नमात्मनो भूतिमिच्छता ॥९॥
9. kuṭumbaṁ pīḍayitvāpi brāhmaṇāya mahātmane ,
dātavyaṁ bhikṣave cānnamātmano bhūtimicchatā.
9. kuṭumbam pīḍayitvā api brāhmaṇāya mahātmane
dātavyam bhikṣave ca annam ātmanaḥ bhūtim icchatā
9. ātmanaḥ bhūtim icchatā kuṭumbam pīḍayitvā api
mahātmane brāhmaṇāya bhikṣave ca annam dātavyam
9. Even if it means causing hardship to one's family, food should be given to a high-souled brahmin and a mendicant by one who desires their own spiritual elevation (bhūti).
ब्राह्मणायाभिरूपाय यो दद्यादन्नमर्थिने ।
निदधाति निधिं श्रेष्ठं पारलौकिकमात्मनः ॥१०॥
10. brāhmaṇāyābhirūpāya yo dadyādannamarthine ,
nidadhāti nidhiṁ śreṣṭhaṁ pāralaukikamātmanaḥ.
10. brāhmaṇāya abhirūpāya yaḥ dadyāt annam arthine
nidadhāti nidhim śreṣṭham pāralaukikam ātmanaḥ
10. yaḥ abhirūpāya brāhmaṇāya arthine annam dadyāt
(saḥ) ātmanaḥ śreṣṭham pāralaukikam nidhim nidadhāti
10. Whoever gives food to a distinguished brahmin and to a supplicant, he (or she) deposits an excellent otherworldly treasure for themselves.
श्रान्तमध्वनि वर्तन्तं वृद्धमर्हमुपस्थितम् ।
अर्चयेद्भूतिमन्विच्छन्गृहस्थो गृहमागतम् ॥११॥
11. śrāntamadhvani vartantaṁ vṛddhamarhamupasthitam ,
arcayedbhūtimanvicchangṛhastho gṛhamāgatam.
11. śrāntam adhvani vartantam vṛddham arham upasthitam
arcayet bhūtim anvicchan gṛhasthaḥ gṛham āgatam
11. bhūtim anvicchan gṛhasthaḥ adhvani śrāntam vartantam
vṛddham arham gṛham upasthitam āgatam (puruṣam) arcayet
11. A householder desiring their own spiritual elevation (bhūti) should honor an elderly, worthy person who is tired from traveling and has arrived at their home.
क्रोधमुत्पतितं हित्वा सुशीलो वीतमत्सरः ।
अन्नदः प्राप्नुते राजन्दिवि चेह च यत्सुखम् ॥१२॥
12. krodhamutpatitaṁ hitvā suśīlo vītamatsaraḥ ,
annadaḥ prāpnute rājandivi ceha ca yatsukham.
12. krodham utpatitam hitvā suśīlaḥ vītamatsaraḥ
annadaḥ prāpnute rājan divi ca iha ca yat sukham
12. rājan,
utpatitam krodham hitvā,
suśīlaḥ,
vītamatsaraḥ,
annadaḥ (janaḥ) divi ca iha ca yat sukham prāpnute
12. O king, a person of good character who has abandoned rising anger, is free from envy, and provides food, obtains happiness both in heaven and in this world.
नावमन्येदभिगतं न प्रणुद्यात्कथंचन ।
अपि श्वपाके शुनि वा न दानं विप्रणश्यति ॥१३॥
13. nāvamanyedabhigataṁ na praṇudyātkathaṁcana ,
api śvapāke śuni vā na dānaṁ vipraṇaśyati.
13. na avamanyeta abhigatam na praṇudyāt kathaṃcana
api śvapāke śuni vā na dānam vipraṇaśyati
13. abhigatam na avamanyeta,
na kathaṃcana praṇudyāt.
api śvapāke śuni vā dānam na vipraṇaśyati.
13. One should not disrespect someone who has come seeking help, nor should one ever turn them away. Even a gift (dāna) given to an outcaste or a dog does not go in vain.
यो दद्यादपरिक्लिष्टमन्नमध्वनि वर्तते ।
श्रान्तायादृष्टपूर्वाय स महद्धर्ममाप्नुयात् ॥१४॥
14. yo dadyādaparikliṣṭamannamadhvani vartate ,
śrāntāyādṛṣṭapūrvāya sa mahaddharmamāpnuyāt.
14. yaḥ dadyāt aparikliṣṭam annam adhvani vartate
śrāntāya adṛṣṭapūrvāya saḥ mahat dharmam āpnuyāt
14. yaḥ adhvani vartate,
śrāntāya adṛṣṭapūrvāya aparikliṣṭam annam dadyāt,
saḥ mahat dharmam āpnuyāt.
14. Whoever gives untainted food to a tired stranger encountered on a journey, that person obtains great spiritual merit (dharma).
पितॄन्देवानृषीन्विप्रानतिथींश्च जनाधिप ।
यो नरः प्रीणयत्यन्नैस्तस्य पुण्यफलं महत् ॥१५॥
15. pitṝndevānṛṣīnviprānatithīṁśca janādhipa ,
yo naraḥ prīṇayatyannaistasya puṇyaphalaṁ mahat.
15. pitṝn devān ṛṣīn viprān atithīn ca janādhipa yaḥ
naraḥ prīṇayati annaiḥ tasya puṇyaphalam mahat
15. janādhipa,
yaḥ naraḥ pitṝn devān ṛṣīn viprān atithīn ca annaiḥ prīṇayati,
tasya puṇyaphalam mahat.
15. O ruler of people, the person who satisfies ancestors, gods, sages, Brahmins, and guests with food, receives a great reward of virtue.
कृत्वापि पापकं कर्म यो दद्यादन्नमर्थिने ।
ब्राह्मणाय विशेषेण न स पापेन युज्यते ॥१६॥
16. kṛtvāpi pāpakaṁ karma yo dadyādannamarthine ,
brāhmaṇāya viśeṣeṇa na sa pāpena yujyate.
16. kṛtvā api pāpakam karma yaḥ dadyāt annam arthine
brāhmaṇāya viśeṣeṇa na saḥ pāpena yujyate
16. yaḥ pāpakam karma kṛtvā api,
arthine,
viśeṣeṇa brāhmaṇāya annam dadyāt,
saḥ pāpena na yujyate.
16. Even having committed a sinful action (karma), the one who gives food to a petitioner, especially to a Brahmin, is not tainted by that sin.
ब्राह्मणेष्वक्षयं दानमन्नं शूद्रे महाफलम् ।
अन्नदानं च शूद्रे च ब्राह्मणे च विशिष्यते ॥१७॥
17. brāhmaṇeṣvakṣayaṁ dānamannaṁ śūdre mahāphalam ,
annadānaṁ ca śūdre ca brāhmaṇe ca viśiṣyate.
17. brāhmaṇeṣu akṣayam dānam annam śūdre mahāphalam
annadānam ca śūdre ca brāhmaṇe ca viśiṣyate
17. brāhmaṇeṣu dānam akṣayam śūdre annam mahāphalam
ca śūdre ca brāhmaṇe ca annadānam viśiṣyate
17. A gift to brahmins yields imperishable results, and food given to a śūdra brings great rewards. Indeed, the giving of food (annadāna) to both a śūdra and a brahmin is considered especially meritorious.
न पृच्छेद्गोत्रचरणं स्वाध्यायं देशमेव वा ।
भिक्षितो ब्राह्मणेनेह जन्म वान्नं प्रयाचितः ॥१८॥
18. na pṛcchedgotracaraṇaṁ svādhyāyaṁ deśameva vā ,
bhikṣito brāhmaṇeneha janma vānnaṁ prayācitaḥ.
18. na pṛcchet gotracaraṇam svādhyāyam deśam eva vā
bhikṣitaḥ brāhmaṇena iha janma vā annam prayācitaḥ
18. iha bhikṣitaḥ vā brāhmaṇena janma vā annam prayācitaḥ
(tasya) gotracaraṇam svādhyāyam deśam eva vā na pṛcchet
18. One should not inquire about the lineage (gotra), Vedic school (caraṇa), or even the native region of a brahmin. This applies whether he has come here as a beggar (bhikṣita), or if food (anna) has been requested for him by another brahmin due to his status by birth.
अन्नदस्यान्नवृक्षाश्च सर्वकामफलान्विताः ।
भवन्तीहाथ वामुत्र नृपते नात्र संशयः ॥१९॥
19. annadasyānnavṛkṣāśca sarvakāmaphalānvitāḥ ,
bhavantīhātha vāmutra nṛpate nātra saṁśayaḥ.
19. annadasya annavṛkṣāḥ ca sarvakāmaphalānvitāḥ
bhavanti iha atha vā amutra nṛpate na atra saṃśayaḥ
19. nṛpate annadasya annavṛkṣāḥ ca sarvakāmaphalānvitāḥ
iha vā atha amutra bhavanti atra na saṃśayaḥ
19. O king, for the giver of food, there appear food-trees (annavṛkṣa) endowed with the fruits of all desires, either in this world or in the next. There is no doubt about this.
आशंसन्ते हि पितरः सुवृष्टिमिव कर्षकाः ।
अस्माकमपि पुत्रो वा पौत्रो वान्नं प्रदास्यति ॥२०॥
20. āśaṁsante hi pitaraḥ suvṛṣṭimiva karṣakāḥ ,
asmākamapi putro vā pautro vānnaṁ pradāsyati.
20. āśaṃsante hi pitaraḥ suvṛṣṭim iva karṣakāḥ
asmākam api putraḥ vā pautraḥ vā annam pradāsyati
20. hi karṣakāḥ suvṛṣṭim iva pitaraḥ āśaṃsante
asmākam api putraḥ vā pautraḥ vā annam pradāsyati
20. Indeed, the ancestors (pitaraḥ) hope, just as farmers wish for good rain, thinking, "Our son or grandson will surely provide us with food (anna)."
ब्राह्मणो हि महद्भूतं स्वयं देहीति याचते ।
अकामो वा सकामो वा दत्त्वा पुण्यमवाप्नुयात् ॥२१॥
21. brāhmaṇo hi mahadbhūtaṁ svayaṁ dehīti yācate ,
akāmo vā sakāmo vā dattvā puṇyamavāpnuyāt.
21. brāhmaṇaḥ hi mahat bhūtam svayam dehi iti yācate
akāmaḥ vā sakāmaḥ vā dattvā puṇyam avāpnuyāt
21. brāhmaṇaḥ hi mahat bhūtam svayam dehi iti yācate
akāmaḥ vā sakāmaḥ vā dattvā puṇyam avāpnuyāt
21. A brahmin is indeed a great being; he himself asks, saying "give." Whether one gives without desire or with desire, by giving, one obtains spiritual merit (puṇya).
ब्राह्मणः सर्वभूतानामतिथिः प्रसृताग्रभुक् ।
विप्रा यमभिगच्छन्ति भिक्षमाणा गृहं सदा ॥२२॥
22. brāhmaṇaḥ sarvabhūtānāmatithiḥ prasṛtāgrabhuk ,
viprā yamabhigacchanti bhikṣamāṇā gṛhaṁ sadā.
22. brāhmaṇaḥ sarvabhūtānām atithiḥ prasṛtāgrabuk
viprāḥ yam abhigacchanti bhikṣamāṇāḥ gṛham sadā
22. brāhmaṇaḥ sarvabhūtānām atithiḥ prasṛtāgrabuk
bhikṣamāṇāḥ viprāḥ sadā yam gṛham abhigacchanti
22. A brahmin is a guest to all beings, one who consumes the first portion [of an offering]. Other brahmins (vipras), seeking alms, always approach his home.
सत्कृताश्च निवर्तन्ते तदतीव प्रवर्धते ।
महाभोगे कुले जन्म प्रेत्य प्राप्नोति भारत ॥२३॥
23. satkṛtāśca nivartante tadatīva pravardhate ,
mahābhoge kule janma pretya prāpnoti bhārata.
23. satkṛtāḥ ca nivartante tat atīva pravardhate
mahābhoge kule janma pretya prāpnoti bhārata
23. ca satkṛtāḥ nivartante tat atīva pravardhate bhārata,
pretya mahābhoge kule janma prāpnoti
23. And when those (brahmins) are respectfully treated, they depart, and that (merit) greatly increases. After death, one attains birth in a family enjoying great prosperity, O Bhārata.
दत्त्वा त्वन्नं नरो लोके तथा स्थानमनुत्तमम् ।
मृष्टमृष्टान्नदायी तु स्वर्गे वसति सत्कृतः ॥२४॥
24. dattvā tvannaṁ naro loke tathā sthānamanuttamam ,
mṛṣṭamṛṣṭānnadāyī tu svarge vasati satkṛtaḥ.
24. dattvā tu annam naraḥ loke tathā sthānam anuttamam
mṛṣṭamṛṣṭānnadāyī tu svarge vasati satkṛtaḥ
24. tu naraḥ annam dattvā loke tathā anuttamam sthānam
tu mṛṣṭamṛṣṭānnadāyī svarge satkṛtaḥ vasati
24. Having given food, a person attains an unsurpassed position in this world. But indeed, one who provides delicious and refined food dwells honored in heaven.
अन्नं प्राणा नराणां हि सर्वमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितम् ।
अन्नदः पशुमान्पुत्री धनवान्भोगवानपि ॥२५॥
25. annaṁ prāṇā narāṇāṁ hi sarvamanne pratiṣṭhitam ,
annadaḥ paśumānputrī dhanavānbhogavānapi.
25. annam prāṇāḥ narāṇām hi sarvam anne pratiṣṭhitam
annadaḥ paśumān putrī dhanavān bhogavān api
25. hi annam narāṇām prāṇāḥ sarvam anne pratiṣṭhitam
annadaḥ paśumān putrī dhanavān api bhogavān
25. Food is indeed the very life (prāṇa) of human beings; everything is established in food. A person who gives food (annada) becomes rich in cattle, has sons, is wealthy, and also enjoys all kinds of pleasures.
प्राणवांश्चापि भवति रूपवांश्च तथा नृप ।
अन्नदः प्राणदो लोके सर्वदः प्रोच्यते तु सः ॥२६॥
26. prāṇavāṁścāpi bhavati rūpavāṁśca tathā nṛpa ,
annadaḥ prāṇado loke sarvadaḥ procyate tu saḥ.
26. prāṇavān ca api bhavati rūpavān ca tathā nṛpa
annadaḥ prāṇadaḥ loke sarvadaḥ procyate tu saḥ
26. nṛpa saḥ ca api prāṇavān bhavati ca tathā rūpavān
loke annadaḥ prāṇadaḥ tu saḥ sarvadaḥ procyate
26. And, O King, he also becomes full of vital energy (prāṇa) and handsome. In this world, the giver of food is considered the giver of life (prāṇa); indeed, he is proclaimed as the giver of everything.
अन्नं हि दत्त्वातिथये ब्राह्मणाय यथाविधि ।
प्रदाता सुखमाप्नोति देवैश्चाप्यभिपूज्यते ॥२७॥
27. annaṁ hi dattvātithaye brāhmaṇāya yathāvidhi ,
pradātā sukhamāpnoti devaiścāpyabhipūjyate.
27. annam hi dattvā atithaye brāhmaṇāya yathāvidhi
pradātā sukham āpnoti devaiḥ ca api abhipūjyate
27. hi yathāvidhi atithaye brāhmaṇāya annam dattvā
pradātā sukham āpnoti ca api devaiḥ abhipūjyate
27. Indeed, by offering food to a guest (atithi) and a brahmin (brāhmaṇa) in the prescribed manner, the giver attains great happiness and is also worshipped by the gods.
ब्राह्मणो हि महद्भूतं क्षेत्रं चरति पादवत् ।
उप्यते तत्र यद्बीजं तद्धि पुण्यफलं महत् ॥२८॥
28. brāhmaṇo hi mahadbhūtaṁ kṣetraṁ carati pādavat ,
upyate tatra yadbījaṁ taddhi puṇyaphalaṁ mahat.
28. brāhmaṇaḥ hi mahat bhūtam kṣetram carati pādavāt
upyate tatra yat bījam tat hi puṇyaphalam mahat
28. hi brāhmaṇaḥ pādavāt mahat bhūtam kṣetram carati
tatra yat bījam upyate tat hi mahat puṇyaphalam
28. Indeed, a brahmin (brāhmaṇa) is like a vast field (kṣetra) that moves about on feet. Whatever seed is sown in that field (referring to the offerings made to a brahmin), that indeed yields a great fruit of merit (puṇya-phala).
प्रत्यक्षं प्रीतिजननं भोक्तृदात्रोर्भवत्युत ।
सर्वाण्यन्यानि दानानि परोक्षफलवन्त्युत ॥२९॥
29. pratyakṣaṁ prītijananaṁ bhoktṛdātrorbhavatyuta ,
sarvāṇyanyāni dānāni parokṣaphalavantyuta.
29. pratyakṣam prītijananam bhoktṛdātroḥ bhavati
uta sarvāṇi anyāni dānāni parokṣaphalavanti uta
29. pratyakṣam prītijananam bhoktṛdātroḥ bhavati
uta sarvāṇi anyāni dānāni parokṣaphalavanti uta
29. A gift given directly generates immediate joy for both the recipient and the giver. All other forms of giving (dāna), however, yield results that are not immediately perceptible.
अन्नाद्धि प्रसवं विद्धि रतिमन्नाद्धि भारत ।
धर्मार्थावन्नतो विद्धि रोगनाशं तथान्नतः ॥३०॥
30. annāddhi prasavaṁ viddhi ratimannāddhi bhārata ,
dharmārthāvannato viddhi roganāśaṁ tathānnataḥ.
30. annāt hi prasavam viddhi ratim annāt hi bhārata
dharma-arthau annataḥ viddhi roganāśam tathā annataḥ
30. bhārata,
annāt hi prasavam viddhi,
annāt hi ratim viddhi annataḥ dharma-arthau tathā roganāśam viddhi
30. Know, O Bhārata, that progeny and pleasure arise from food. Also understand that both natural law (dharma) and prosperity (artha), as well as the destruction of disease, come from food.
अन्नं ह्यमृतमित्याह पुराकल्पे प्रजापतिः ।
अन्नं भुवं दिवं खं च सर्वमन्ने प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥३१॥
31. annaṁ hyamṛtamityāha purākalpe prajāpatiḥ ,
annaṁ bhuvaṁ divaṁ khaṁ ca sarvamanne pratiṣṭhitam.
31. annam hi amṛtam iti āha purākalpe prajāpatiḥ annam
bhuvam divam kham ca sarvam anne pratiṣṭhitam
31. purākalpe prajāpatiḥ annam hi amṛtam iti āha annam
bhuvam divam kham ca sarvam anne pratiṣṭhitam
31. Prajāpati, the lord of creation, declared in ancient times that food is indeed like ambrosia (amṛta). All, including the earth, the heavens, and space, is established in food.
अन्नप्रणाशे भिद्यन्ते शरीरे पञ्च धातवः ।
बलं बलवतोऽपीह प्रणश्यत्यन्नहानितः ॥३२॥
32. annapraṇāśe bhidyante śarīre pañca dhātavaḥ ,
balaṁ balavato'pīha praṇaśyatyannahānitaḥ.
32. annapraṇāśe bhidyante śarīre pañca dhātavaḥ
balam balavataḥ api iha praṇaśyati annahānitaḥ
32. annapraṇāśe śarīre pañca dhātavaḥ bhidyante
iha balavataḥ balam api annahānitaḥ praṇaśyati
32. When there is a destruction of food, the five essential constituents in the body disintegrate. Even the strength of the mighty perishes in this world due to the absence of food.
आवाहाश्च विवाहाश्च यज्ञाश्चान्नमृते तथा ।
न वर्तन्ते नरश्रेष्ठ ब्रह्म चात्र प्रलीयते ॥३३॥
33. āvāhāśca vivāhāśca yajñāścānnamṛte tathā ,
na vartante naraśreṣṭha brahma cātra pralīyate.
33. āvāhāḥ ca vivāhāḥ ca yajñāḥ ca annam ṛte tathā |
na vartante naraśreṣṭha brahma ca atra pralīyate
33. naraśreṣṭha annam ṛte āvāhāḥ ca vivāhāḥ ca yajñāḥ
ca tathā na vartante ca atra brahma pralīyate
33. O best among men, without food, neither social gatherings, nor marriages, nor (Vedic) rituals (yajña) can take place. And here, even sacred knowledge (brahma) dissipates.
अन्नतः सर्वमेतद्धि यत्किंचित्स्थाणु जङ्गमम् ।
त्रिषु लोकेषु धर्मार्थमन्नं देयमतो बुधैः ॥३४॥
34. annataḥ sarvametaddhi yatkiṁcitsthāṇu jaṅgamam ,
triṣu lokeṣu dharmārthamannaṁ deyamato budhaiḥ.
34. annataḥ sarvam etat hi yat kiñcit sthāṇu jaṅgamam
| triṣu lokeṣu dharmārtham annam deyam ataḥ budhaiḥ
34. hi yat kiñcit sthāṇu jaṅgamam etat sarvam triṣu
lokeṣu annataḥ ataḥ budhaiḥ dharmārtham annam deyam
34. Indeed, all this, whatever is stationary or moving in the three worlds, arises from food. Therefore, the wise should give food for the sake of (natural law) dharma.
अन्नदस्य मनुष्यस्य बलमोजो यशः सुखम् ।
कीर्तिश्च वर्धते शश्वत्त्रिषु लोकेषु पार्थिव ॥३५॥
35. annadasya manuṣyasya balamojo yaśaḥ sukham ,
kīrtiśca vardhate śaśvattriṣu lokeṣu pārthiva.
35. annadasya manuṣyasya balam ojaḥ yaśaḥ sukham |
kīrtiḥ ca vardhate śaśvat triṣu lokeṣu pārthiva
35. pārthiva annadasya manuṣyasya balam ojaḥ yaśaḥ
sukham ca kīrtiḥ triṣu lokeṣu śaśvat vardhate
35. O ruler, the strength, vigor, fame, happiness, and glory of the person who gives food constantly increase in the three worlds.
मेघेष्वम्भः संनिधत्ते प्राणानां पवनः शिवः ।
तच्च मेघगतं वारि शक्रो वर्षति भारत ॥३६॥
36. megheṣvambhaḥ saṁnidhatte prāṇānāṁ pavanaḥ śivaḥ ,
tacca meghagataṁ vāri śakro varṣati bhārata.
36. megeṣu ambhaḥ sannidhatte prāṇānām pavanaḥ śivaḥ
| tat ca meghagatam vāri śakraḥ varṣati bhārata
36. prāṇānām śivaḥ pavanaḥ megeṣu ambhaḥ sannidhatte
ca bhārata śakraḥ tat meghagatam vāri varṣati
36. The benevolent wind (pavana), which is vital for living beings (prāṇa), holds water in the clouds. And that water, residing in the clouds, is then rained down by Śakra (Indra), O Bhārata.
आदत्ते च रसं भौममादित्यः स्वगभस्तिभिः ।
वायुरादित्यतस्तांश्च रसान्देवः प्रजापतिः ॥३७॥
37. ādatte ca rasaṁ bhaumamādityaḥ svagabhastibhiḥ ,
vāyurādityatastāṁśca rasāndevaḥ prajāpatiḥ.
37. ādatte ca rasam bhaumam ādityaḥ svagabhastibhiḥ
vāyuḥ ādityataḥ tān ca rasān devaḥ prajāpatiḥ
37. ādityaḥ svagabhastibhiḥ bhaumam rasam ādatte
ca vāyuḥ devaḥ prajāpatiḥ ādityataḥ tān rasān
37. The sun absorbs the earth's moisture with its own rays, and the wind, along with the divine Prajāpati, draws those very essences from the sun.
तद्यदा मेघतो वारि पतितं भवति क्षितौ ।
तदा वसुमती देवी स्निग्धा भवति भारत ॥३८॥
38. tadyadā meghato vāri patitaṁ bhavati kṣitau ,
tadā vasumatī devī snigdhā bhavati bhārata.
38. tat yadā meghataḥ vāri patitam bhavati kṣitau
tadā vasumatī devī snigdhā bhavati bhārata
38. yadā tat vāri meghataḥ patitam kṣitau bhavati
tadā devī vasumatī snigdhā bhavati bhārata
38. When that water falls from the clouds onto the earth, then the divine earth becomes moist, O Bhārata.
ततः सस्यानि रोहन्ति येन वर्तयते जगत् ।
मांसमेदोस्थिशुक्राणां प्रादुर्भावस्ततः पुनः ॥३९॥
39. tataḥ sasyāni rohanti yena vartayate jagat ,
māṁsamedosthiśukrāṇāṁ prādurbhāvastataḥ punaḥ.
39. tataḥ sasyāni rohanti yena vartayate jagat
māṃsamedosthiśukrāṇām prādurbhāvaḥ tataḥ punaḥ
39. tataḥ sasyāni rohanti,
yena jagat vartayate.
punaḥ tataḥ māṃsamedosthiśukrāṇām prādurbhāvaḥ
39. From that (moist earth), crops grow, by which the world continues to exist. Then, in turn, from that (sustenance) comes the manifestation of flesh, fat, bones, and seminal fluid (śukra).
संभवन्ति ततः शुक्रात्प्राणिनः पृथिवीपते ।
अग्नीषोमौ हि तच्छुक्रं प्रजनः पुष्यतश्च ह ॥४०॥
40. saṁbhavanti tataḥ śukrātprāṇinaḥ pṛthivīpate ,
agnīṣomau hi tacchukraṁ prajanaḥ puṣyataśca ha.
40. saṃbhavanti tataḥ śukrāt prāṇinaḥ pṛthivīpate
agnīṣomau hi tat śukram prajanaḥ puṣyataḥ ca ha
40. tataḥ śukrāt prāṇinaḥ saṃbhavanti pṛthivīpate.
hi agnīṣomau tat śukram prajanaḥ ca puṣyataḥ ha
40. From that seminal fluid (śukra), living beings are born, O lord of the earth. Indeed, Agni and Soma themselves constitute that procreative (śukra), and they nourish (the beings).
एवमन्नं च सूर्यश्च पवनः शुक्रमेव च ।
एक एव स्मृतो राशिर्यतो भूतानि जज्ञिरे ॥४१॥
41. evamannaṁ ca sūryaśca pavanaḥ śukrameva ca ,
eka eva smṛto rāśiryato bhūtāni jajñire.
41. evam annam ca sūryaḥ ca pavanaḥ śukram eva ca
ekaḥ eva smṛtaḥ rāśiḥ yataḥ bhūtāni jajñire
41. evam annam ca sūryaḥ ca pavanaḥ śukram eva ca
ekaḥ eva rāśiḥ smṛtaḥ yataḥ bhūtāni jajñire
41. In this way, food, the sun, the wind, and also vital fluid, are regarded as a single source from which all beings are born.
प्राणान्ददाति भूतानां तेजश्च भरतर्षभ ।
गृहमभ्यागतायाशु यो दद्यादन्नमर्थिने ॥४२॥
42. prāṇāndadāti bhūtānāṁ tejaśca bharatarṣabha ,
gṛhamabhyāgatāyāśu yo dadyādannamarthine.
42. prāṇān dadāti bhūtānām tejaḥ ca bharatarṣabha
gṛham abhyāgatāya āśu yaḥ dadyāt annam arthine
42. bharatarṣabha yaḥ gṛham abhyāgatāya arthine āśu
annam dadyāt bhūtānām prāṇān ca tejaḥ ca dadāti
42. O best among the Bharatas, whoever quickly offers food to a needy person who has come to their home, bestows life and vital energy upon all beings.
भीष्म उवाच ।
नारदेनैवमुक्तोऽहमदामन्नं सदा नृप ।
अनसूयुस्त्वमप्यन्नं तस्माद्देहि गतज्वरः ॥४३॥
43. bhīṣma uvāca ,
nāradenaivamukto'hamadāmannaṁ sadā nṛpa ,
anasūyustvamapyannaṁ tasmāddehi gatajvaraḥ.
43. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca nāradena evam uktaḥ aham adām annam sadā
nṛpa anasūyuḥ tvam api annam tasmāt dehi gatajvaraḥ
43. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca nṛpa nāradena evam uktaḥ aham sadā annam
adām tasmāt anasūyuḥ gatajvaraḥ tvam api annam dehi
43. Bhishma said: 'O King, having been instructed thus by Narada, I always gave food. Therefore, you too, being benevolent and free from distress, should give food.'
दत्त्वान्नं विधिवद्राजन्विप्रेभ्यस्त्वमपि प्रभो ।
यथावदनुरूपेभ्यस्ततः स्वर्गमवाप्स्यसि ॥४४॥
44. dattvānnaṁ vidhivadrājanviprebhyastvamapi prabho ,
yathāvadanurūpebhyastataḥ svargamavāpsyasi.
44. dattvā annam vidhivat rājan viprebhyaḥ tvam api
prabho yathāvat anurūpebhyaḥ tataḥ svargam avāpsyasi
44. rājan prabho tvam api vidhivat yathāvat anurūpebhyaḥ
viprebhyaḥ annam dattvā tataḥ svargam avāpsyasi
44. O King, O Lord, having properly given food to worthy Brahmins, you too will then attain heaven.
अन्नदानां हि ये लोकास्तांस्त्वं शृणु नराधिप ।
भवनानि प्रकाशन्ते दिवि तेषां महात्मनाम् ।
नानासंस्थानरूपाणि नानास्तम्भान्वितानि च ॥४५॥
45. annadānāṁ hi ye lokāstāṁstvaṁ śṛṇu narādhipa ,
bhavanāni prakāśante divi teṣāṁ mahātmanām ,
nānāsaṁsthānarūpāṇi nānāstambhānvitāni ca.
45. annadānām hi ye lokāḥ tān tvam
śṛṇu narādhipa bhavanāni prakāśante
divi teṣām mahātmanām
nānāsaṃsthānarūpāṇi nānāstambhānvitāni ca
45. narādhipa tvam ye annadānām lokāḥ
hi tān śṛṇu teṣām mahātmanām
bhavanāni divi prakāśante
nānāsaṃsthānarūpāṇi nānāstambhānvitāni ca
45. O King (narādhipa), indeed, listen to me about the realms that belong to those who give food. The mansions of those great souls shine brightly in heaven, possessing various forms and structures, and adorned with many different pillars.
चन्द्रमण्डलशुभ्राणि किङ्किणीजालवन्ति च ।
तरुणादित्यवर्णानि स्थावराणि चराणि च ॥४६॥
46. candramaṇḍalaśubhrāṇi kiṅkiṇījālavanti ca ,
taruṇādityavarṇāni sthāvarāṇi carāṇi ca.
46. candramaṇḍalaśubhrāṇi kiṅkiṇījālavanti ca
taruṇādityavarṇāni sthāvarāṇi carāṇi ca
46. candramaṇḍalaśubhrāṇi kiṅkiṇījālavanti ca
taruṇādityavarṇāni sthāvarāṇi carāṇi ca
46. And they are brilliant white like the disk of the moon, equipped with networks of small bells. They possess the color of the rising sun, and some are stationary while others are movable.
अनेकशतभौमानि सान्तर्जलवनानि च ।
वैडूर्यार्कप्रकाशानि रौप्यरुक्ममयानि च ॥४७॥
47. anekaśatabhaumāni sāntarjalavanāni ca ,
vaiḍūryārkaprakāśāni raupyarukmamayāni ca.
47. anekaśatabhaumāni sāntarjalavanāni ca
vaiḍūryārkaprakāśāni raupyarukmamayāni ca
47. anekaśatabhaumāni sāntarjalavanāni ca
vaiḍūryārkaprakāśāni raupyarukmamayāni ca
47. They possess many hundreds of stories, and have internal water bodies and forests. They shine with the brilliance of lapis lazuli and the sun, and are crafted from silver and gold.
सर्वकामफलाश्चापि वृक्षा भवनसंस्थिताः ।
वाप्यो वीथ्यः सभाः कूपा दीर्घिकाश्चैव सर्वशः ॥४८॥
48. sarvakāmaphalāścāpi vṛkṣā bhavanasaṁsthitāḥ ,
vāpyo vīthyaḥ sabhāḥ kūpā dīrghikāścaiva sarvaśaḥ.
48. sarvakāmaphalāḥ ca api vṛkṣāḥ bhavanasaṃsthitāḥ
vāpyaḥ vīthyaḥ sabhāḥ kūpāḥ dīrghikāḥ ca eva sarvaśaḥ
48. ca api sarvakāmaphalāḥ vṛkṣāḥ bhavanasaṃsthitāḥ
vāpyaḥ vīthyaḥ sabhāḥ kūpāḥ dīrghikāḥ ca eva sarvaśaḥ
48. Moreover, trees yielding all desired fruits (sarvakāmaphalāḥ) are situated within these mansions. Step-wells, avenues, assembly halls, wells, and long ponds are present everywhere.
घोषवन्ति च यानानि युक्तान्यथ सहस्रशः ।
भक्ष्यभोज्यमयाः शैला वासांस्याभरणानि च ॥४९॥
49. ghoṣavanti ca yānāni yuktānyatha sahasraśaḥ ,
bhakṣyabhojyamayāḥ śailā vāsāṁsyābharaṇāni ca.
49. ghoṣavanti ca yānāni yuktāni atha sahasraśaḥ
bhakṣyabhojyamayāḥ śailāḥ vāsāṃsi ābharaṇāni ca
49. ghoṣavanti ca yānāni yuktāni atha sahasraśaḥ
bhakṣyabhojyamayāḥ śailāḥ vāsāṃsi ābharaṇāni ca
49. And conveyances making loud sounds, yoked by the thousands; mountains made of various delicious foods, and an abundance of clothes and ornaments.
क्षीरं स्रवन्त्यः सरितस्तथा चैवान्नपर्वताः ।
प्रासादाः पाण्डुराभ्राभाः शय्याश्च कनकोज्ज्वलाः ।
तानन्नदाः प्रपद्यन्ते तस्मादन्नप्रदो भव ॥५०॥
50. kṣīraṁ sravantyaḥ saritastathā caivānnaparvatāḥ ,
prāsādāḥ pāṇḍurābhrābhāḥ śayyāśca kanakojjvalāḥ ,
tānannadāḥ prapadyante tasmādannaprado bhava.
50. kṣīram sravantyaḥ saritaḥ tathā ca eva
annaparvatāḥ prāsādāḥ pāṇḍurābhrābhāḥ
śayyāḥ ca kanakojjvalāḥ tān annadāḥ
prapadyante tasmāt annapradaḥ bhava
50. kṣīram sravantyaḥ saritaḥ tathā ca eva
annaparvatāḥ prāsādāḥ pāṇḍurābhrābhāḥ
śayyāḥ ca kanakojjvalāḥ annadāḥ tān
prapadyante tasmāt annapradaḥ bhava
50. There are rivers flowing with milk, and similarly, mountains of food; palaces radiant like white clouds, and couches shining brightly with gold. Givers of food attain these [rewards]. Therefore, one should become a giver of food.
एते लोकाः पुण्यकृतामन्नदानां महात्मनाम् ।
तस्मादन्नं विशेषेण दातव्यं मानवैर्भुवि ॥५१॥
51. ete lokāḥ puṇyakṛtāmannadānāṁ mahātmanām ,
tasmādannaṁ viśeṣeṇa dātavyaṁ mānavairbhuvi.
51. ete lokāḥ puṇyakṛtām annadānām mahātmanām
tasmāt annam viśeṣeṇa dātavyam mānavaiḥ bhuvi
51. ete lokāḥ puṇyakṛtām annadānām mahātmanām
tasmāt annam viśeṣeṇa mānavaiḥ bhuvi dātavyam
51. These are the worlds for those who perform meritorious deeds, for givers of food, and for great souls. Therefore, food should be given especially by humans on earth.