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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-209

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गुरुरुवाच ।
निष्कल्मषं ब्रह्मचर्यमिच्छता चरितुं सदा ।
निद्रा सर्वात्मना त्याज्या स्वप्नदोषानवेक्षता ॥१॥
1. gururuvāca ,
niṣkalmaṣaṁ brahmacaryamicchatā carituṁ sadā ,
nidrā sarvātmanā tyājyā svapnadoṣānavekṣatā.
1. guruḥ uvāca niṣkalmaṣam brahmacaryam icchata caritum
sadā nidrā sarva-ātmanā tyājyā svapna-doṣān avekṣatā
1. guruḥ uvāca niṣkalmaṣam brahmacaryam sadā caritum
icchata svapna-doṣān avekṣatā nidrā sarva-ātmanā tyājyā
1. The Guru (guru) said: For one who wishes to always practice pure (niṣkalmaṣa) celibacy (brahmacarya), and who contemplates the faults associated with dreams, sleep must be entirely abandoned.
स्वप्ने हि रजसा देही तमसा चाभिभूयते ।
देहान्तरमिवापन्नश्चरत्यपगतस्मृतिः ॥२॥
2. svapne hi rajasā dehī tamasā cābhibhūyate ,
dehāntaramivāpannaścaratyapagatasmṛtiḥ.
2. svapne hi rajasā dehī tamasā ca abhibhūyate
deha-antaram iva āpannaḥ carati apagata-smṛtiḥ
2. hi svapne dehī rajasā tamasā ca abhibhūyate
iva deha-antaram āpannaḥ apagata-smṛtiḥ carati
2. Indeed, in a dream, the embodied being (dehī) is overwhelmed by the qualities of passion (rajas) and inertia (tamas). It wanders as if having entered another body, with its memory (smṛti) lost.
ज्ञानाभ्यासाज्जागरतो जिज्ञासार्थमनन्तरम् ।
विज्ञानाभिनिवेशात्तु जागरत्यनिशं सदा ॥३॥
3. jñānābhyāsājjāgarato jijñāsārthamanantaram ,
vijñānābhiniveśāttu jāgaratyaniśaṁ sadā.
3. jñāna-abhyāsāt jāgarataḥ jijñāsa-artham anantaram
vijñāna-abhiniveśāt tu jāgarati aniśam sadā
3. anantaram jñāna-abhyāsāt jāgarataḥ jijñāsa-artham
tu vijñāna-abhiniveśāt sadā aniśam jāgarati
3. Through the continuous practice of spiritual knowledge (jñāna), a seeker (jijñāsa) immediately becomes vigilant. Furthermore, by firm absorption in realization (vijñāna), one remains constantly and tirelessly awake.
अत्राह को न्वयं भावः स्वप्ने विषयवानिव ।
प्रलीनैरिन्द्रियैर्देही वर्तते देहवानिव ॥४॥
4. atrāha ko nvayaṁ bhāvaḥ svapne viṣayavāniva ,
pralīnairindriyairdehī vartate dehavāniva.
4. atra āha kaḥ nu ayam bhāvaḥ svapne viṣayavān
iva pralīnaiḥ indriyaiḥ dehī vartate dehavān iva
4. kaḥ nu ayam bhāvaḥ atra āha dehī pralīnaiḥ
indriyaiḥ svapne viṣayavān iva dehavān iva vartate
4. Here, one asks: What indeed is this state (bhāva) where the embodied being (dehī), with its senses withdrawn, functions in a dream as if it were experiencing objects and possessed a body?
अत्रोच्यते यथा ह्येतद्वेद योगेश्वरो हरिः ।
तथैतदुपपन्नार्थं वर्णयन्ति महर्षयः ॥५॥
5. atrocyate yathā hyetadveda yogeśvaro hariḥ ,
tathaitadupapannārthaṁ varṇayanti maharṣayaḥ.
5. atra ucyate yathā hi etat veda yogeśvaraḥ hariḥ
tathā etat upapannārtham varṇayanti maharṣayaḥ
5. atra ucyate yathā hi yogeśvaraḥ hariḥ etat veda
tathā maharṣayaḥ etat upapannārtham varṇayanti
5. Here, it is answered: Just as Hari, the Lord of yoga (yogeśvara), indeed knows this, similarly, great sages explain this (topic) with a consistent and profound meaning.
इन्द्रियाणां श्रमात्स्वप्नमाहुः सर्वगतं बुधाः ।
मनसस्तु प्रलीनत्वात्तत्तदाहुर्निदर्शनम् ॥६॥
6. indriyāṇāṁ śramātsvapnamāhuḥ sarvagataṁ budhāḥ ,
manasastu pralīnatvāttattadāhurnidarśanam.
6. indriyāṇām śramāt svapnam āhuḥ sarvagatam budhāḥ
manasaḥ tu pralīnatvāt tat tat āhuḥ nidarśanam
6. budhāḥ indriyāṇām śramāt svapnam sarvagatam āhuḥ
tu manasaḥ pralīnatvāt tat tat nidarśanam āhuḥ
6. The wise (budhāḥ) declare that dreaming is universal due to the exhaustion of the senses. But they also state that it is an illustration because of the mind's dissolution.
कार्यव्यासक्तमनसः संकल्पो जाग्रतो ह्यपि ।
यद्वन्मनोरथैश्वर्यं स्वप्ने तद्वन्मनोगतम् ॥७॥
7. kāryavyāsaktamanasaḥ saṁkalpo jāgrato hyapi ,
yadvanmanorathaiśvaryaṁ svapne tadvanmanogatam.
7. kāryavyāsaktamanasaḥ saṃkalpaḥ jāgrataḥ hi api
yadvat manorathaiśvaryam svapne tadvat manogatam
7. yadvat svapne manorathaiśvaryam manogatam tadvat
jāgrataḥ api kāryavyāsaktamanasaḥ saṃkalpaḥ manogatam
7. Just as the manifestation of desires (manoratha) in a dream is purely mental, similarly, even for an awakened person whose mind is engrossed in activities, the mental formation (saṃkalpa) is also purely mental.
संसाराणामसंख्यानां कामात्मा तदवाप्नुयात् ।
मनस्यन्तर्हितं सर्वं वेद सोत्तमपूरुषः ॥८॥
8. saṁsārāṇāmasaṁkhyānāṁ kāmātmā tadavāpnuyāt ,
manasyantarhitaṁ sarvaṁ veda sottamapūruṣaḥ.
8. saṃsārāṇām asaṃkhyānām kāmātmā tat avāpnuyāt
manasi antarhitam sarvam veda saḥ uttamapūruṣaḥ
8. kāmātmā saṃsārāṇām asaṃkhyānām tat avāpnuyāt
saḥ uttamapūruṣaḥ manasi antarhitam sarvam veda
8. The individual whose nature is desire (kāmātmā) might attain that [state] for countless cycles of rebirth (saṃsāra). However, the supreme person (puruṣa) knows everything hidden within the mind (manas).
गुणानामपि यद्यत्तत्कर्म जानात्युपस्थितम् ।
तत्तच्छंसन्ति भूतानि मनो यद्भावितं यथा ॥९॥
9. guṇānāmapi yadyattatkarma jānātyupasthitam ,
tattacchaṁsanti bhūtāni mano yadbhāvitaṁ yathā.
9. guṇānām api yat yat tat karma jānāti upasthitam
tat tat śaṃsanti bhūtāni manaḥ yat bhāvitam yathā
9. guṇānām api yat yat upasthitam tat karma jānāti
bhūtāni manaḥ yathā yat bhāvitam tat tat śaṃsanti
9. He (the supreme person) knows whatever action (karma) is present, even that which arises from the qualities (guṇas). Beings (bhūtāni) declare things according to how the mind (manas) is conditioned.
ततस्तमुपवर्तन्ते गुणा राजसतामसाः ।
सात्त्विको वा यथायोगमानन्तर्यफलोदयः ॥१०॥
10. tatastamupavartante guṇā rājasatāmasāḥ ,
sāttviko vā yathāyogamānantaryaphalodayaḥ.
10. tataḥ tam upavartante guṇāḥ rājasatāmasāḥ
sāttvikaḥ vā yathāyogam ānantaryaphalodayaḥ
10. tataḥ rājasatāmasāḥ guṇāḥ tam upavartante
vā sāttvikaḥ yathāyogam ānantaryaphalodayaḥ
10. Consequently, the rajasic and tamasic qualities (guṇas) or the sattvic quality (guṇa), in due measure, turn towards that individual, with the latter bringing about an immediate manifestation of results.
ततः पश्यत्यसंबद्धान्वातपित्तकफोत्तरान् ।
रजस्तमोभवैर्भावैस्तदप्याहुर्दुरन्वयम् ॥११॥
11. tataḥ paśyatyasaṁbaddhānvātapittakaphottarān ,
rajastamobhavairbhāvaistadapyāhurduranvayam.
11. tataḥ paśyati asaṃbaddhān vātapittakafottarān
rajastamobhavaiḥ bhāvaiḥ tat api āhuḥ duranvayam
11. tataḥ rajastamobhavaiḥ bhāvaiḥ asaṃbaddhān
vātapittakafottarān paśyati tat api duranvayam āhuḥ
11. Then, he observes people who are disconnected and whose constitution is dominated by vāta, pitta, and kapha, due to mental states born of rajas and tamas. This situation, they say, is also difficult to comprehend.
प्रसन्नैरिन्द्रियैर्यद्यत्संकल्पयति मानसम् ।
तत्तत्स्वप्नेऽप्युपरते मनोदृष्टिर्निरीक्षते ॥१२॥
12. prasannairindriyairyadyatsaṁkalpayati mānasam ,
tattatsvapne'pyuparate manodṛṣṭirnirīkṣate.
12. prasannaiḥ indriyaiḥ yadyat saṅkalpayati mānasam
tat tat svapne api uparate manodṛṣṭiḥ nirīkṣate
12. mānasam prasannaiḥ indriyaiḥ yadyat saṅkalpayati,
manodṛṣṭiḥ svapne api uparate tat tat nirīkṣate
12. Whatever the mind (mānasam) conceives through its clear senses, that very thing is perceived by the mind's vision (manodṛṣṭiḥ) even in a dream, when the senses have ceased their activity.
व्यापकं सर्वभूतेषु वर्ततेऽप्रतिघं मनः ।
मनस्यन्तर्हितं द्वारं देहमास्थाय मानसम् ॥१३॥
13. vyāpakaṁ sarvabhūteṣu vartate'pratighaṁ manaḥ ,
manasyantarhitaṁ dvāraṁ dehamāsthāya mānasam.
13. vyāpakam sarvabhūteṣu vartate apratīgham manaḥ
manasi antarhitam dvāram deham āsthāya mānasam
13. manaḥ sarvabhūteṣu vyāpakam apratīgham vartate
mānasam deham āsthāya manasi antarhitam dvāram
13. The mind (manas) is all-pervading in all beings and operates unhindered. This mental faculty (mānasam), residing in the body, is a hidden gateway within the (universal) mind (manas).
यत्तत्सदसदव्यक्तं स्वपित्यस्मिन्निदर्शनम् ।
सर्वभूतात्मभूतस्थं तदध्यात्मगुणं विदुः ॥१४॥
14. yattatsadasadavyaktaṁ svapityasminnidarśanam ,
sarvabhūtātmabhūtasthaṁ tadadhyātmaguṇaṁ viduḥ.
14. yat tat sat asat avyaktam svapiti asmin nidarśanam
sarvabhūtātmabhūtastham tat adhyātmaguṇam viduḥ
14. yat sadasat avyaktam (asti),
asmin nidarśanam svapiti,
sarvabhūtātmabhūtastham (ca asti),
tat adhyātmaguṇam viduḥ
14. That (reality) which is both existent and non-existent, unmanifest (avyaktam), and in which this entire manifested world (nidarśanam) rests as if sleeping; that which resides in the very essence of all beings (sarvabhūtātmabhūtastham) – (the wise) know that as the quality of the supreme Self (adhyātman).
लिप्सेत मनसा यश्च संकल्पादैश्वरं गुणम् ।
आत्मप्रभावात्तं विद्यात्सर्वा ह्यात्मनि देवताः ॥१५॥
15. lipseta manasā yaśca saṁkalpādaiśvaraṁ guṇam ,
ātmaprabhāvāttaṁ vidyātsarvā hyātmani devatāḥ.
15. lipsēta manasā yaḥ ca saṅkalpāt aiśvaram guṇam
ātmaprabhāvāt tam vidyāt sarvāḥ hi ātmani devatāḥ
15. yaḥ ca manasā saṅkalpāt aiśvaram guṇam lipsēta,
tam ātmaprabhāvāt vidyāt; hi sarvāḥ devatāḥ ātmani (santi)
15. And whoever, through the mind (manas), desires to attain a divine quality (guṇa) originating from (their own) resolve (saṅkalpa), one should understand that such a person does so through the power of the (individual) self (ātman); for indeed, all divine powers (devatāḥ) reside within the (individual) self (ātman).
एवं हि तपसा युक्तमर्कवत्तमसः परम् ।
त्रैलोक्यप्रकृतिर्देही तपसा तं महेश्वरम् ॥१६॥
16. evaṁ hi tapasā yuktamarkavattamasaḥ param ,
trailokyaprakṛtirdehī tapasā taṁ maheśvaram.
16. evam hi tapasā yuktam arkavat tamasaḥ param |
trailokyāprakṛtiḥ dehī tapasā tam maheśvaram
16. hi evam tapasā yuktam arkavat tamasaḥ param
dehī trailokyāprakṛtiḥ tapasā tam maheśvaram
16. Indeed, thus, (that which is) endowed with asceticism (tapas), like the sun and beyond darkness, (leads to the state where) the embodied being, who embodies the intrinsic nature (prakṛti) of the three worlds, through asceticism (tapas) attains that great lord (Maheśvara).
तपो ह्यधिष्ठितं देवैस्तपोघ्नमसुरैस्तमः ।
एतद्देवासुरैर्गुप्तं तदाहुर्ज्ञानलक्षणम् ॥१७॥
17. tapo hyadhiṣṭhitaṁ devaistapoghnamasuraistamaḥ ,
etaddevāsurairguptaṁ tadāhurjñānalakṣaṇam.
17. tapaḥ hi adhiṣṭhitam devaiḥ tapasghnam asuraiḥ tamaḥ
| etat devāsuraiḥ guptam tat āhuḥ jñānalakṣaṇam
17. hi tapaḥ devaiḥ adhiṣṭhitam asuraiḥ tapasghnam
tamaḥ etat devāsuraiḥ guptam tat jñānalakṣaṇam āhuḥ
17. Indeed, asceticism (tapas) is supported by the gods, while darkness, which obstructs asceticism (tapas), is (associated) with the asuras. This (principle) is protected by both gods and asuras; they declare that this is the characteristic of knowledge.
सत्त्वं रजस्तमश्चेति देवासुरगुणान्विदुः ।
सत्त्वं देवगुणं विद्यादितरावासुरौ गुणौ ॥१८॥
18. sattvaṁ rajastamaśceti devāsuraguṇānviduḥ ,
sattvaṁ devaguṇaṁ vidyāditarāvāsurau guṇau.
18. sattvam rajaḥ tamaḥ ca iti devāsuraguṇān viduḥ
| sattvam devaguṇam vidyāt itarau āsurau guṇau
18. sattvam rajaḥ tamaḥ ca iti devāsuraguṇān viduḥ
sattvam devaguṇam vidyāt itarau guṇau āsurau
18. They know sattva, rajas, and tamas as the inherent qualities (guṇas) of gods and asuras. One should understand sattva as the divine quality, while the other two are the asuric qualities.
ब्रह्म तत्परमं वेद्यममृतं ज्योतिरक्षरम् ।
ये विदुर्भावितात्मानस्ते यान्ति परमां गतिम् ॥१९॥
19. brahma tatparamaṁ vedyamamṛtaṁ jyotirakṣaram ,
ye vidurbhāvitātmānaste yānti paramāṁ gatim.
19. brahma tat paramam vedyam amṛtam jyotiḥ akṣaram
| ye viduḥ bhāvitātmānaḥ te yānti paramām gatim
19. tat brahma paramam vedyam amṛtam jyotiḥ akṣaram
ye bhāvitātmānaḥ viduḥ te paramām gatim yānti
19. That is the supreme Brahman (brahman) to be known, immortal, the imperishable light. Those whose inner selves (ātman) are cultivated and who understand this, they attain the supreme state.
हेतुमच्छक्यमाख्यातुमेतावज्ज्ञानचक्षुषा ।
प्रत्याहारेण वा शक्यमव्यक्तं ब्रह्म वेदितुम् ॥२०॥
20. hetumacchakyamākhyātumetāvajjñānacakṣuṣā ,
pratyāhāreṇa vā śakyamavyaktaṁ brahma veditum.
20. hetumat śakyam ākhyātum etāvat jñānacakṣuṣā |
pratyāhāreṇa vā śakyam avyaktam brahma veditum
20. hetumat etāvat jñānacakṣuṣā śakyam ākhyātum vā
pratyāhāreṇa avyaktam brahma śakyam veditum
20. The perceptible can be described to this extent by the eye of wisdom. Alternatively, the unmanifest (avyakta) Brahman can be known through the withdrawal of the senses (pratyāhāra).