Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-28

Use the following checkboxes to set the display options for this chapter (You can also control the display of each verse separately):
what would you like to see in each verse:
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ज्ञातिशोकाभितप्तस्य प्राणानभ्युत्सिसृक्षतः ।
ज्येष्ठस्य पाण्डुपुत्रस्य व्यासः शोकमपानुदत् ॥१॥
1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
jñātiśokābhitaptasya prāṇānabhyutsisṛkṣataḥ ,
jyeṣṭhasya pāṇḍuputrasya vyāsaḥ śokamapānudat.
1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca jñātiśokābhitaptasya prāṇān
abhyutsisṛkṣataḥ jyeṣṭhasya pāṇḍuputrasya vyāsaḥ śokam apānudat
1. vyāsaḥ jñātiśokābhitaptasya prāṇān abhyutsisṛkṣataḥ
jyeṣṭhasya pāṇḍuputrasya śokam apānudat
1. Vaiśampāyana said: Vyāsa dispelled the grief of the eldest son of Pāṇḍu (Yudhiṣṭhira), who was tormented by sorrow for his kinsmen and desired to give up his life (prāṇāḥ).
व्यास उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
अश्मगीतं नरव्याघ्र तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥
2. vyāsa uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
aśmagītaṁ naravyāghra tannibodha yudhiṣṭhira.
2. vyāsaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam aśmagītam naravyāghra tat nibodha yudhiṣṭhira
2. yudhiṣṭhira naravyāghra atra api imam purātanam
aśmagītam itihāsam udāharanti tat nibodha
2. Vyāsa said: "O Yudhiṣṭhira, O tiger among men, they also recount here this ancient narrative (itihāsa), which was sung by a stone. Listen to it."
अश्मानं ब्राह्मणं प्राज्ञं वैदेहो जनको नृपः ।
संशयं परिपप्रच्छ दुःखशोकपरिप्लुतः ॥३॥
3. aśmānaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ prājñaṁ vaideho janako nṛpaḥ ,
saṁśayaṁ paripapraccha duḥkhaśokapariplutaḥ.
3. aśmānam brāhmaṇam prājñam vaidehaḥ janakaḥ nṛpaḥ
saṃśayam paripapraccha duḥkhaśokaparīplutaḥ
3. vaidehaḥ nṛpaḥ janakaḥ duḥkhaśokaparīplutaḥ
prājñam brāhmaṇam aśmānam saṃśayam paripapraccha
3. King Janaka of Videha, overwhelmed by sorrow and grief, repeatedly questioned the wise Brahmin named Aśman about his doubt.
जनक उवाच ।
आगमे यदि वापाये ज्ञातीनां द्रविणस्य च ।
नरेण प्रतिपत्तव्यं कल्याणं कथमिच्छता ॥४॥
4. janaka uvāca ,
āgame yadi vāpāye jñātīnāṁ draviṇasya ca ,
nareṇa pratipattavyaṁ kalyāṇaṁ kathamicchatā.
4. janakaḥ uvāca āgame yadi vā apāye jñātīnām draviṇasya
ca nareṇa pratipattavyam kalyāṇam katham icchatā
4. kalyāṇam icchatā nareṇa jñātīnām draviṇasya
ca āgame yadi vā apāye katham pratipattavyam
4. Janaka said: "How should a person desiring welfare act, whether it be in the acquisition or loss of kinsmen and wealth?"
अश्मोवाच ।
उत्पन्नमिममात्मानं नरस्यानन्तरं ततः ।
तानि तान्यभिवर्तन्ते दुःखानि च सुखानि च ॥५॥
5. aśmovāca ,
utpannamimamātmānaṁ narasyānantaraṁ tataḥ ,
tāni tānyabhivartante duḥkhāni ca sukhāni ca.
5. aśmaḥ uvāca utpannam imam ātmānam narasya anantaram
tataḥ tāni tāni abhivartante duḥkhāni ca sukhāni ca
5. aśmaḥ uvāca tataḥ narasya utpannam imam ātmānam
anantaram tāni tāni duḥkhāni ca sukhāni ca abhivartante
5. Ashma said: "After this self (ātman) of a man has come into being, both sorrows and joys then befall him."
तेषामन्यतरापत्तौ यद्यदेवोपसेवते ।
तत्तद्धि चेतनामस्य हरत्यभ्रमिवानिलः ॥६॥
6. teṣāmanyatarāpattau yadyadevopasevate ,
tattaddhi cetanāmasya haratyabhramivānilaḥ.
6. teṣām anyatarāpattau yat yat eva upasevate tat
tat hi cetanām asya harati abhram iva anilaḥ
6. teṣām anyatarāpattau yat yat eva upasevate,
tat tat hi asya cetanām anilaḥ abhram iva harati.
6. Among those (joys and sorrows), whatever one experiences, that very thing indeed carries away his consciousness, just as the wind disperses a cloud.
अभिजातोऽस्मि सिद्धोऽस्मि नास्मि केवलमानुषः ।
इत्येवं हेतुभिस्तस्य त्रिभिश्चित्तं प्रसिच्यति ॥७॥
7. abhijāto'smi siddho'smi nāsmi kevalamānuṣaḥ ,
ityevaṁ hetubhistasya tribhiścittaṁ prasicyati.
7. abhijātaḥ asmi siddhaḥ asmi na asmi kevalamānuṣaḥ
iti evam hetubhiḥ tasya tribhiḥ cittam prasicyati
7. asmi abhijātaḥ,
asmi siddhaḥ,
na asmi kevalamānuṣaḥ - iti evam tribhiḥ hetubhiḥ tasya cittam prasicyati.
7. "I am of noble birth, I am accomplished, I am not merely human" - in this way, his mind is filled with delusion by these three reasons.
स प्रसिक्तमना भोगान्विसृज्य पितृसंचितान् ।
परिक्षीणः परस्वानामादानं साधु मन्यते ॥८॥
8. sa prasiktamanā bhogānvisṛjya pitṛsaṁcitān ,
parikṣīṇaḥ parasvānāmādānaṁ sādhu manyate.
8. saḥ prasiktamanāḥ bhogān visṛjya pitṛsaṃcitān
parikṣīṇaḥ parasvānām ādānam sādhu manyate
8. saḥ prasiktamanāḥ pitṛsaṃcitān bhogān visṛjya parikṣīṇaḥ san parasvānām ādānam sādhu manyate.
8. He, whose mind is thus filled with delusion, having forsaken the pleasures accumulated by his ancestors, when he becomes completely impoverished, considers taking others' property to be righteous.
तमतिक्रान्तमर्यादमाददानमसांप्रतम् ।
प्रतिषेधन्ति राजानो लुब्धा मृगमिवेषुभिः ॥९॥
9. tamatikrāntamaryādamādadānamasāṁpratam ,
pratiṣedhanti rājāno lubdhā mṛgamiveṣubhiḥ.
9. tam atikrāntamaryādam ādadānam asāmpratam
pratiṣedhanti rājānaḥ lubdhāḥ mṛgam iva iṣubhiḥ
9. lubdhāḥ rājānaḥ tam atikrāntamaryādam asāmpratam
ādadānam iṣubhiḥ mṛgam iva pratiṣedhanti
9. Greedy kings restrain him who transgresses the natural law (dharma) and seizes what is improper, just as (hunters restrain) a deer with arrows.
ये च विंशतिवर्षा वा त्रिंशद्वर्षाश्च मानवाः ।
परेण ते वर्षशतान्न भविष्यन्ति पार्थिव ॥१०॥
10. ye ca viṁśativarṣā vā triṁśadvarṣāśca mānavāḥ ,
pareṇa te varṣaśatānna bhaviṣyanti pārthiva.
10. ye ca viṃśativarṣāḥ vā triṃśatvarṣāḥ ca mānavāḥ
pareṇa te varṣaśatāt na bhaviṣyanti pārthiva
10. pārthiva ye ca mānavāḥ viṃśativarṣāḥ vā triṃśatvarṣāḥ ca,
te pareṇa varṣaśatāt na bhaviṣyanti
10. O King, those human beings who are twenty or even thirty years old will certainly not exist beyond a hundred years.
तेषां परमदुःखानां बुद्ध्या भेषजमादिशेत् ।
सर्वप्राणभृतां वृत्तं प्रेक्षमाणस्ततस्ततः ॥११॥
11. teṣāṁ paramaduḥkhānāṁ buddhyā bheṣajamādiśet ,
sarvaprāṇabhṛtāṁ vṛttaṁ prekṣamāṇastatastataḥ.
11. teṣām paramaduḥkhānām buddhyā bheṣajam ādiśet
sarvaprāṇabhṛtām vṛttam prekṣamāṇaḥ tatas tataḥ
11. prekṣamāṇaḥ tatas tataḥ sarvaprāṇabhṛtām vṛttam,
buddhyā teṣām paramaduḥkhānām bheṣajam ādiśet
11. One should, with intelligence, prescribe a remedy for those who are experiencing extreme suffering, observing the behavior of all living beings from various perspectives.
मानसानां पुनर्योनिर्दुःखानां चित्तविभ्रमः ।
अनिष्टोपनिपातो वा तृतीयं नोपपद्यते ॥१२॥
12. mānasānāṁ punaryonirduḥkhānāṁ cittavibhramaḥ ,
aniṣṭopanipāto vā tṛtīyaṁ nopapadyate.
12. mānasānām punaḥ yoniḥ duḥkhānām cittavibhramaḥ
aniṣṭopanipātaḥ vā tṛtīyam na upapadyate
12. punaḥ mānasānām duḥkhānām yoniḥ cittavibhramaḥ vā aniṣṭopanipātaḥ.
tṛtīyam na upapadyate.
12. The source of mental sufferings (duḥkha), however, is either a confusion of the mind (citta) or the occurrence of undesirable events; a third (cause) is not recognized.
एवमेतानि दुःखानि तानि तानीह मानवम् ।
विविधान्युपवर्तन्ते तथा सांस्पर्शकानि च ॥१३॥
13. evametāni duḥkhāni tāni tānīha mānavam ,
vividhānyupavartante tathā sāṁsparśakāni ca.
13. evam etāni duḥkhāni tāni tāni iha mānavam
vividhāni upavartante tathā sāṃsparśakāni ca
13. iha mānavam evam etāni vividhāni sāṃsparśakāni
ca tāni tāni duḥkhāni upavartante
13. Thus, various sufferings and those arising from sensory contact repeatedly come upon human beings in this world.
जरामृत्यू ह भूतानि खादितारौ वृकाविव ।
बलिनां दुर्बलानां च ह्रस्वानां महतामपि ॥१४॥
14. jarāmṛtyū ha bhūtāni khāditārau vṛkāviva ,
balināṁ durbalānāṁ ca hrasvānāṁ mahatāmapi.
14. jarāmṛtyū ha bhūtāni khāditārau vṛkau iva
balinām durbalānām ca hrasvānām mahatām api
14. ha jarāmṛtyū vṛkau iva bali-nām durbalānām
ca hrasvānām mahatām api bhūtāni khāditārau
14. Indeed, old age and death are like two wolves, devouring all beings—the strong and the weak, the small and the great alike.
न कश्चिज्जात्वतिक्रामेज्जरामृत्यू ह मानवः ।
अपि सागरपर्यन्तां विजित्येमां वसुंधराम् ॥१५॥
15. na kaścijjātvatikrāmejjarāmṛtyū ha mānavaḥ ,
api sāgaraparyantāṁ vijityemāṁ vasuṁdharām.
15. na kaścit jātu atikrāmet jarāmṛtyū ha mānavaḥ
api sāgaraparyantām vijitya imām vasuṃdharām
15. ha mānavaḥ api sāgaraparyantām imām vasuṃdharām
vijitya jātu jarāmṛtyū na kaścit atikrāmet
15. Indeed, no human being can ever escape old age and death, even after conquering this entire earth, which extends up to the oceans.
सुखं वा यदि वा दुःखं भूतानां पर्युपस्थितम् ।
प्राप्तव्यमवशैः सर्वं परिहारो न विद्यते ॥१६॥
16. sukhaṁ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṁ bhūtānāṁ paryupasthitam ,
prāptavyamavaśaiḥ sarvaṁ parihāro na vidyate.
16. sukham vā yadi vā duḥkham bhūtānām paryupasthitam
prāptavyam avaśaiḥ sarvam parihāraḥ na vidyate
16. yadi sukham vā yadi duḥkham vā bhūtānām paryupasthitam,
sarvam avaśaiḥ prāptavyam,
parihāraḥ na vidyate
16. Whether happiness or suffering, whatever has come upon beings, all of it must be experienced by those who are helpless; there is no escape.
पूर्वे वयसि मध्ये वाप्युत्तमे वा नराधिप ।
अवर्जनीयास्तेऽर्था वै काङ्क्षिताश्च ततोऽन्यथा ॥१७॥
17. pūrve vayasi madhye vāpyuttame vā narādhipa ,
avarjanīyāste'rthā vai kāṅkṣitāśca tato'nyathā.
17. pūrve vayasi madhye vā api uttame vā narādhipa
avarjanīyāḥ te arthāḥ vai kāṅkṣitāḥ ca tataḥ anyathā
17. narādhipa pūrve vayasi madhye vā api uttame vā te
arthāḥ vai avarjanīyāḥ ca kāṅkṣitāḥ tataḥ anyathā
17. O ruler of men, whether in youth, middle age, or old age, certain matters are indeed unavoidable, while desired outcomes often turn out differently.
सुप्रियैर्विप्रयोगश्च संप्रयोगस्तथाप्रियैः ।
अर्थानर्थौ सुखं दुःखं विधानमनुवर्तते ॥१८॥
18. supriyairviprayogaśca saṁprayogastathāpriyaiḥ ,
arthānarthau sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ vidhānamanuvartate.
18. supriyaiḥ viprayogaḥ ca samprayogaḥ tathā apriyaiḥ
arthānarthau sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ vidhānam anuvartate
18. supriyaiḥ viprayogaḥ ca apriyaiḥ samprayogaḥ tathā
arthānarthau sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ vidhānam anuvartate
18. Separation from very dear ones, and association with the unpleasant, as well as gain and loss, happiness and sorrow – all these follow the divine ordinance.
प्रादुर्भावश्च भूतानां देहन्यासस्तथैव च ।
प्राप्तिव्यायामयोगश्च सर्वमेतत्प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥१९॥
19. prādurbhāvaśca bhūtānāṁ dehanyāsastathaiva ca ,
prāptivyāyāmayogaśca sarvametatpratiṣṭhitam.
19. prādurbhāvaḥ ca bhūtānām dehanāsaḥ tathā eva ca
prāptivyāyāmayogaḥ ca sarvam etat pratiṣṭhitam
19. bhūtānām prādurbhāvaḥ ca tathā eva ca dehanāsaḥ
ca prāptivyāyāmayogaḥ etat sarvam pratiṣṭhitam
19. The manifestation of beings, and likewise the laying down of the body (death), and the application of effort for attainment (yoga) – all this is fixed.
गन्धवर्णरसस्पर्शा निवर्तन्ते स्वभावतः ।
तथैव सुखदुःखानि विधानमनुवर्तते ॥२०॥
20. gandhavarṇarasasparśā nivartante svabhāvataḥ ,
tathaiva sukhaduḥkhāni vidhānamanuvartate.
20. gandhavarṇarasasparśāḥ nivartante svabhāvataḥ
tathā eva sukhaduḥkhāni vidhānam anuvartate
20. gandhavarṇarasasparśāḥ svabhāvataḥ nivartante
tathā eva sukhaduḥkhāni vidhānam anuvartate
20. Smells, colors, tastes, and touches disappear by their intrinsic nature (svabhāva). Likewise, happiness and sorrow also follow the divine ordinance.
आसनं शयनं यानमुत्थानं पानभोजनम् ।
नियतं सर्वभूतानां कालेनैव भवन्त्युत ॥२१॥
21. āsanaṁ śayanaṁ yānamutthānaṁ pānabhojanam ,
niyataṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ kālenaiva bhavantyuta.
21. āsanam śayanam yānam utthānam pānabhojanam
niyatam sarvabhūtānām kālena eva bhavanti uta
21. sarvabhūtānām āsanam śayanam yānam utthānam
pānabhojanam niyatam kālena eva uta bhavanti
21. The actions of sitting, sleeping, traveling, rising, drinking, and eating are all predetermined for all beings. They occur solely by the influence of time.
वैद्याश्चाप्यातुराः सन्ति बलवन्तः सुदुर्बलाः ।
स्त्रीमन्तश्च तथा षण्ढा विचित्रः कालपर्ययः ॥२२॥
22. vaidyāścāpyāturāḥ santi balavantaḥ sudurbalāḥ ,
strīmantaśca tathā ṣaṇḍhā vicitraḥ kālaparyayaḥ.
22. vaidyāḥ ca api āturāḥ santi balavantaḥ sudurbalāḥ
strīmantaḥ ca tathā ṣaṇḍhāḥ vicitraḥ kālaparyayaḥ
22. vaidyāḥ ca api āturāḥ santi
balavantaḥ sudurbalāḥ (santi) tathā
strīmantaḥ ca ṣaṇḍhāḥ (santi)
kālaparyayaḥ vicitraḥ (bhavati)
22. Even physicians fall ill, and the strong become extremely weak. Similarly, men with wives can become impotent. Truly, the turns of time are remarkable.
कुले जन्म तथा वीर्यमारोग्यं धैर्यमेव च ।
सौभाग्यमुपभोगश्च भवितव्येन लभ्यते ॥२३॥
23. kule janma tathā vīryamārogyaṁ dhairyameva ca ,
saubhāgyamupabhogaśca bhavitavyena labhyate.
23. kule janma tathā vīryam ārogyam dhairyam eva ca
saubhāgyam upabhogaḥ ca bhavitavyena labhyate
23. kule janma tathā vīryam ārogyam dhairyam eva ca
saubhāgyam ca upabhogaḥ bhavitavyena labhyate
23. Birth in a [good] family, as well as strength, good health, and courage, along with good fortune and enjoyment, are all attained through destiny (bhavitavya).
सन्ति पुत्राः सुबहवो दरिद्राणामनिच्छताम् ।
बहूनामिच्छतां नास्ति समृद्धानां विचेष्टताम् ॥२४॥
24. santi putrāḥ subahavo daridrāṇāmanicchatām ,
bahūnāmicchatāṁ nāsti samṛddhānāṁ viceṣṭatām.
24. santi putrāḥ subahavaḥ daridrāṇām anicchatām
bahūnām icchatām na asti samṛddhānām viceṣṭatām
24. daridrāṇām anicchatām subahavaḥ putrāḥ santi bahūnām
samṛddhānām icchatām viceṣṭatām (api) na asti (putrāḥ)
24. There are indeed many children for the poor, even if they do not desire them. Conversely, for many prosperous people who earnestly wish and strive for children, there are none.
व्याधिरग्निर्जलं शस्त्रं बुभुक्षा श्वापदं विषम् ।
रज्ज्वा च मरणं जन्तोरुच्चाच्च पतनं तथा ॥२५॥
25. vyādhiragnirjalaṁ śastraṁ bubhukṣā śvāpadaṁ viṣam ,
rajjvā ca maraṇaṁ jantoruccācca patanaṁ tathā.
25. vyādhiḥ agniḥ jalam śastram bubhukṣā śvāpadam viṣam
rajjvā ca maraṇam jantoḥ uccāt ca patanam tathā
25. jantoḥ maraṇam (is caused by) vyādhiḥ agniḥ jalam śastram
bubhukṣā śvāpadam viṣam ca rajjvā ca uccāt patanam tathā
25. A living being can die from disease, fire, water, weapons, hunger, wild animals, poison, by a rope, or by falling from a height.
निर्याणं यस्य यद्दिष्टं तेन गच्छति हेतुना ।
दृश्यते नाभ्यतिक्रामन्नतिक्रान्तो न वा पुनः ॥२६॥
26. niryāṇaṁ yasya yaddiṣṭaṁ tena gacchati hetunā ,
dṛśyate nābhyatikrāmannatikrānto na vā punaḥ.
26. niryāṇam yasya yat diṣṭam tena gacchati hetunā
dṛśyate na abhyatikrāman atikrāntaḥ na vā punaḥ
26. yasya yat niryāṇam diṣṭam,
tena hetunā (saḥ) gacchati.
(saḥ) na abhyatikrāman dṛśyate,
na vā punaḥ atikrāntaḥ (dṛśyate).
26. Whatever end is destined for someone, they reach it by that very cause. It is not observed that anyone can transgress it, nor that anyone has ever transgressed it.
दृश्यते हि युवैवेह विनश्यन्वसुमान्नरः ।
दरिद्रश्च परिक्लिष्टः शतवर्षो जनाधिप ॥२७॥
27. dṛśyate hi yuvaiveha vinaśyanvasumānnaraḥ ,
daridraśca parikliṣṭaḥ śatavarṣo janādhipa.
27. dṛśyate hi yuvā eva iha vinaśyan vasumān naraḥ
daridraḥ ca parikliṣṭaḥ śatavarṣaḥ janādhipa
27. janādhipa,
iha yuvā vasumān naraḥ vinaśyan hi dṛśyate ca daridraḥ parikliṣṭaḥ śatavarṣaḥ (ca dṛśyate).
27. Indeed, O king, a wealthy young man is seen perishing right here in this world, while a poor and distressed person is seen living for a hundred years.
अकिंचनाश्च दृश्यन्ते पुरुषाश्चिरजीविनः ।
समृद्धे च कुले जाता विनश्यन्ति पतंगवत् ॥२८॥
28. akiṁcanāśca dṛśyante puruṣāścirajīvinaḥ ,
samṛddhe ca kule jātā vinaśyanti pataṁgavat.
28. akiṃcanāḥ ca dṛśyante puruṣāḥ cirajīvinaḥ
samṛddhe ca kule jātāḥ vinaśyanti pataṅgavat
28. akiṃcanāḥ puruṣāḥ ca cirajīvinaḥ dṛśyante.
ca samṛddhe kule jātāḥ (puruṣāḥ) pataṅgavat vinaśyanti.
28. Moreover, men (puruṣa) with nothing are observed to be long-lived, whereas those born into prosperous families perish like moths.
प्रायेण श्रीमतां लोके भोक्तुं शक्तिर्न विद्यते ।
काष्ठान्यपि हि जीर्यन्ते दरिद्राणां नराधिप ॥२९॥
29. prāyeṇa śrīmatāṁ loke bhoktuṁ śaktirna vidyate ,
kāṣṭhānyapi hi jīryante daridrāṇāṁ narādhipa.
29. prāyeṇa śrīmatām loke bhoktum śaktiḥ na vidyate
kāṣṭhāni api hi jīryante daridrāṇām narādhipa
29. narādhipa prāyeṇa loke śrīmatām bhoktum śaktiḥ
na vidyate hi daridrāṇām kāṣṭhāni api jīryante
29. O King, generally in this world, wealthy people do not possess the capacity (śakti) to truly enjoy. Indeed, even wood is digested by the poor.
अहमेतत्करोमीति मन्यते कालचोदितः ।
यद्यदिष्टमसंतोषाद्दुरात्मा पापमाचरन् ॥३०॥
30. ahametatkaromīti manyate kālacoditaḥ ,
yadyadiṣṭamasaṁtoṣāddurātmā pāpamācaran.
30. aham etat karomi iti manyate kālacoditaḥ
yat yat iṣṭam asaṃtoṣāt durātmā pāpam ācaran
30. kālacoditaḥ durātmā asaṃtoṣāt yat yat iṣṭam
pāpam ācaran aham etat karomi iti manyate
30. Impelled by time, an evil-minded person (durātmā), while committing sinful acts, thinks, "I am doing this," whatever he desires out of discontent.
स्त्रियोऽक्षा मृगया पानं प्रसङ्गान्निन्दिता बुधैः ।
दृश्यन्ते चापि बहवः संप्रसक्ता बहुश्रुताः ॥३१॥
31. striyo'kṣā mṛgayā pānaṁ prasaṅgānninditā budhaiḥ ,
dṛśyante cāpi bahavaḥ saṁprasaktā bahuśrutāḥ.
31. striyaḥ akṣāḥ mṛgayā pānam prasaṅgāt ninditāḥ budhaiḥ
dṛśyante ca api bahavaḥ saṃprasaktāḥ bahuśrutāḥ
31. budhaiḥ prasaṅgāt striyaḥ akṣāḥ mṛgayā pānam ninditāḥ
ca api bahavaḥ bahuśrutāḥ saṃprasaktāḥ dṛśyante
31. Excessive indulgence (prasaṅga) in women, gambling, hunting, and drinking are censured by the wise. Yet, many highly learned (bahuśrutāḥ) individuals are also observed to be deeply attached to them.
इति कालेन सर्वार्थानीप्सितानीप्सितानि च ।
स्पृशन्ति सर्वभूतानि निमित्तं नोपलभ्यते ॥३२॥
32. iti kālena sarvārthānīpsitānīpsitāni ca ,
spṛśanti sarvabhūtāni nimittaṁ nopalabhyate.
32. iti kālena sarvārthāni īpsitāni anīpsitāni ca
spṛśanti sarvabhūtāni nimittam na upalabhyate
32. iti kālena īpsitāni ca anīpsitāni sarvārthāni
sarvabhūtāni spṛśanti nimittam na upalabhyate
32. Thus, by time, both desired and undesired outcomes affect all beings, yet no specific cause (nimitta) for this is perceived.
वायुमाकाशमग्निं च चन्द्रादित्यावहःक्षपे ।
ज्योतींषि सरितः शैलान्कः करोति बिभर्ति वा ॥३३॥
33. vāyumākāśamagniṁ ca candrādityāvahaḥkṣape ,
jyotīṁṣi saritaḥ śailānkaḥ karoti bibharti vā.
33. vāyum ākāśam agnim ca candrādityau ahaḥkṣape
jyotīṃṣi saritaḥ śailān kaḥ karoti bibharti vā
33. kaḥ vā vāyum ākāśam agnim ca candrādityau
ahaḥkṣape jyotīṃṣi saritaḥ śailān karoti bibharti
33. Who creates the wind, the sky, the fire, the moon, the sun, day and night, the celestial bodies, rivers, and mountains, or who sustains them?
शीतमुष्णं तथा वर्षं कालेन परिवर्तते ।
एवमेव मनुष्याणां सुखदुःखे नरर्षभ ॥३४॥
34. śītamuṣṇaṁ tathā varṣaṁ kālena parivartate ,
evameva manuṣyāṇāṁ sukhaduḥkhe nararṣabha.
34. śītam uṣṇam tathā varṣam kālena parivartate
evam eva manuṣyāṇām sukhaduḥkhe nararṣabha
34. nararṣabha śītam uṣṇam tathā varṣam kālena
parivartate evam eva manuṣyāṇām sukhaduḥkhe
34. Cold, heat, and rain change with the passage of time. Similarly, joy and sorrow (sukhaduḥkhe) come to human beings, O best among men.
नौषधानि न शास्त्राणि न होमा न पुनर्जपाः ।
त्रायन्ते मृत्युनोपेतं जरया वापि मानवम् ॥३५॥
35. nauṣadhāni na śāstrāṇi na homā na punarjapāḥ ,
trāyante mṛtyunopetaṁ jarayā vāpi mānavam.
35. na auṣadhāni na śāstrāṇi na homāḥ na punar japāḥ
trāyante mṛtyunā upetam jarayā vā api mānavam
35. auṣadhāni na,
śāstrāṇi na,
homāḥ na,
punar japāḥ na,
mṛtyunā vā jarayā api upetam mānavam trāyante
35. Neither medicines, nor sacred texts (śāstra), nor fire sacrifices (homa), nor repeated prayers (japa) can protect a human being (mānava) who is beset by death or old age.
यथा काष्ठं च काष्ठं च समेयातां महोदधौ ।
समेत्य च व्यतीयातां तद्वद्भूतसमागमः ॥३६॥
36. yathā kāṣṭhaṁ ca kāṣṭhaṁ ca sameyātāṁ mahodadhau ,
sametya ca vyatīyātāṁ tadvadbhūtasamāgamaḥ.
36. yathā kāṣṭham ca kāṣṭham ca sameyātām mahā udadhau
sametya ca vyatīyātām tadvat bhūtasamāgamaḥ
36. yathā kāṣṭham ca kāṣṭham ca mahā udadhau sameyātām
ca sametya vyatīyātām tadvat bhūtasamāgamaḥ
36. Just as one log meets another log in the great ocean and, having met, they then separate, similarly, such is the coming together of beings (bhūtasamāgama).
ये चापि पुरुषैः स्त्रीभिर्गीतवाद्यैरुपस्थिताः ।
ये चानाथाः परान्नादाः कालस्तेषु समक्रियः ॥३७॥
37. ye cāpi puruṣaiḥ strībhirgītavādyairupasthitāḥ ,
ye cānāthāḥ parānnādāḥ kālasteṣu samakriyaḥ.
37. ye ca api puruṣaiḥ strībhiḥ gītavādyaiḥ upasthitāḥ
ye ca anāthāḥ parānnādāḥ kālaḥ teṣu samakriyaḥ
37. ye ca api puruṣaiḥ strībhiḥ gītavādyaiḥ upasthitāḥ,
ye ca anāthāḥ parānnādāḥ,
teṣu kālaḥ samakriyaḥ
37. And whether they are attended by men and women with singing and musical instruments, or they are helpless and dependent on others' food, Time acts equally upon all of them.
मातृपितृसहस्राणि पुत्रदारशतानि च ।
संसारेष्वनुभूतानि कस्य ते कस्य वा वयम् ॥३८॥
38. mātṛpitṛsahasrāṇi putradāraśatāni ca ,
saṁsāreṣvanubhūtāni kasya te kasya vā vayam.
38. mātṛpitṛsahasrāṇi putradāraśatāni ca
saṃsāreṣu anubhūtāni kasya te kasya vā vayam
38. mātṛpitṛsahasrāṇi ca putradāraśatāni ca saṃsāreṣu anubhūtāni (santi).
te kasya? vā वयम् kasya?
38. Thousands of mothers and fathers, and hundreds of sons and wives, have been experienced in various cycles of worldly existence (saṃsāra). Whose are they? Or, indeed, whose are we?
नैवास्य कश्चिद्भविता नायं भवति कस्यचित् ।
पथि संगतमेवेदं दारबन्धुसुहृद्गणैः ॥३९॥
39. naivāsya kaścidbhavitā nāyaṁ bhavati kasyacit ,
pathi saṁgatamevedaṁ dārabandhusuhṛdgaṇaiḥ.
39. na eva asya kaścit bhavitā na ayam bhavati kasyacit
pathi saṅgatam eva idam dārabandhusuhṛdgaṇaiḥ
39. asya kaścit भविता na eva,
ayam kasyacit na bhavati.
idam dārabandhusuhṛdgaṇaiḥ pathi saṅgatam eva.
39. No one will ever truly belong to this person, nor does this person truly belong to anyone. This gathering with wives, relatives, and groups of friends is merely like an encounter on a journey.
क्वासं क्वास्मि गमिष्यामि को न्वहं किमिहास्थितः ।
कस्मात्कमनुशोचेयमित्येवं स्थापयेन्मनः ।
अनित्ये प्रियसंवासे संसारे चक्रवद्गतौ ॥४०॥
40. kvāsaṁ kvāsmi gamiṣyāmi ko nvahaṁ kimihāsthitaḥ ,
kasmātkamanuśoceyamityevaṁ sthāpayenmanaḥ ,
anitye priyasaṁvāse saṁsāre cakravadgatau.
40. kva āsam kva asmi gamiṣyāmi kaḥ nu
aham kim iha sthitaḥ kasmāt kam anuśoceyam
iti evam sthāpayet manaḥ anitye
priyasaṃvāse saṃsāre cakravat gatau
40. aham kva āsam? kva asmi? (kva) gamiṣyāmi? aham nu kaḥ? iha kim sthitaḥ? kasmāt kam anuśoceyam? iti evam anitye priyasaṃvāse cakravat gatau saṃsāre manaḥ sthāpayet.
40. Where was I? Where am I? Where will I go? Who, indeed, am I? What am I doing here? For whom should I grieve? In this manner, one should firmly establish the mind within this transient worldly existence (saṃsāra), which is a temporary abode for loved ones and moves like a wheel.
न दृष्टपूर्वं प्रत्यक्षं परलोकं विदुर्बुधाः ।
आगमांस्त्वनतिक्रम्य श्रद्धातव्यं बुभूषता ॥४१॥
41. na dṛṣṭapūrvaṁ pratyakṣaṁ paralokaṁ vidurbudhāḥ ,
āgamāṁstvanatikramya śraddhātavyaṁ bubhūṣatā.
41. na dṛṣṭapūrvaṃ pratyakṣaṃ paralokaṃ viduḥ budhāḥ
| āgamān tu anatikramya śraddhātavyaṃ bubhūṣatā
41. budhāḥ dṛṣṭapūrvaṃ pratyakṣaṃ paralokaṃ na viduḥ
tu āgamān anatikramya bubhūṣatā śraddhātavyaṃ
41. Wise individuals do not directly perceive the other world (paraloka) as something seen before. Nevertheless, one who wishes to thrive should believe in it, without transgressing the sacred traditions (āgamas).
कुर्वीत पितृदैवत्यं धर्माणि च समाचरेत् ।
यजेच्च विद्वान्विधिवत्त्रिवर्गं चाप्यनुव्रजेत् ॥४२॥
42. kurvīta pitṛdaivatyaṁ dharmāṇi ca samācaret ,
yajecca vidvānvidhivattrivargaṁ cāpyanuvrajet.
42. kurvīta pitṛdaivatyaṃ dharmāṇi ca samācaret |
yajet ca vidvān vidhivat trivargaṃ ca api anuvrajet
42. (saḥ) pitṛdaivatyaṃ kurvīta,
ca dharmāṇi samācaret ca vidvān vidhivat yajet,
ca api trivargam anuvrajet
42. One should perform rites for ancestors and deities, and practice righteous actions (dharma). A learned person (vidvān) should also offer sacrifices according to the proper rules and pursue the three aims of human life (trivarga: dharma, artha, and kāma).
संनिमज्जज्जगदिदं गम्भीरे कालसागरे ।
जरामृत्युमहाग्राहे न कश्चिदवबुध्यते ॥४३॥
43. saṁnimajjajjagadidaṁ gambhīre kālasāgare ,
jarāmṛtyumahāgrāhe na kaścidavabudhyate.
43. saṃnimajjat jagat idaṃ gambhīre kālasāgare
| jarāmṛtyumahāgrāhe na kaścit avabudhyate
43. idaṃ jagat gambhīre kālasāgare jarāmṛtyumahāgrāhe saṃnimajjat,
kaścit na avabudhyate
43. This entire world (jagat) is sinking into the deep ocean of time, which is (like) a mighty beast (grāha) of old age and death. Yet, no one understands (or awakens to this reality).
आयुर्वेदमधीयानाः केवलं सपरिग्रहम् ।
दृश्यन्ते बहवो वैद्या व्याधिभिः समभिप्लुताः ॥४४॥
44. āyurvedamadhīyānāḥ kevalaṁ saparigraham ,
dṛśyante bahavo vaidyā vyādhibhiḥ samabhiplutāḥ.
44. āyurvedam adhīyānāḥ kevalaṃ saparigraham |
dṛśyante bahavaḥ vaidyāḥ vyādhibhiḥ samabhiplutāḥ
44. āyurvedam kevalam saparigraham adhīyānāḥ bahavaḥ
vaidyāḥ vyādhibhiḥ samabhiplutāḥ dṛśyante
44. Many physicians (vaidyās) who study Ayurveda merely for personal gain are seen to be afflicted themselves by diseases.
ते पिबन्तः कषायांश्च सर्पींषि विविधानि च ।
न मृत्युमतिवर्तन्ते वेलामिव महोदधिः ॥४५॥
45. te pibantaḥ kaṣāyāṁśca sarpīṁṣi vividhāni ca ,
na mṛtyumativartante velāmiva mahodadhiḥ.
45. te pibantaḥ kaṣāyān ca sarpīṁṣi vividhāni ca
na mṛtyum ativartante velām iva mahodadhiḥ
45. te kaṣāyān vividhāni ca sarpīṁṣi ca pibantaḥ
mṛtyum na ativartante mahodadhiḥ velām iva
45. Even those who consume various decoctions and clarified butters (sarpīṁṣi) do not overcome death, just as a great ocean cannot transgress its shore.
रसायनविदश्चैव सुप्रयुक्तरसायनाः ।
दृश्यन्ते जरया भग्ना नगा नागैरिवोत्तमैः ॥४६॥
46. rasāyanavidaścaiva suprayuktarasāyanāḥ ,
dṛśyante jarayā bhagnā nagā nāgairivottamaiḥ.
46. rasāyanavidaḥ ca eva suprayuktarasāyanāḥ dṛśyante
jarayā bhagnāḥ nagāḥ nāgaiḥ iva uttamaiḥ
46. rasāyanavidaḥ ca eva suprayuktarasāyanāḥ jarayā
bhagnāḥ dṛśyante uttamaiḥ nāgaiḥ nagāḥ iva
46. Even experts in rejuvenating elixirs (rasāyana) and those who have properly used such elixirs are seen broken by old age, just as mountains are shattered by mighty elephants.
तथैव तपसोपेताः स्वाध्यायाभ्यसने रताः ।
दातारो यज्ञशीलाश्च न तरन्ति जरान्तकौ ॥४७॥
47. tathaiva tapasopetāḥ svādhyāyābhyasane ratāḥ ,
dātāro yajñaśīlāśca na taranti jarāntakau.
47. tathā eva tapasā upetāḥ svādhyāyābhyasane ratāḥ
dātāraḥ yajñaśīlāḥ ca na taranti jarāntakau
47. tathā eva tapasā upetāḥ svādhyāyābhyasane ratāḥ
dātāraḥ ca yajñaśīlāḥ jarāntakau na taranti
47. Similarly, even those who are endowed with spiritual austerity (tapas), devoted to the practice of self-study (svādhyāya), generous donors (dātāraḥ), and accustomed to performing Vedic rituals (yajña), do not overcome old age and death.
न ह्यहानि निवर्तन्ते न मासा न पुनः समाः ।
जातानां सर्वभूतानां न पक्षा न पुनः क्षपाः ॥४८॥
48. na hyahāni nivartante na māsā na punaḥ samāḥ ,
jātānāṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ na pakṣā na punaḥ kṣapāḥ.
48. na hi ahāni nivartante na māsāḥ na punaḥ samāḥ
jātānām sarvabhūtānām na pakṣāḥ na punaḥ kṣapāḥ
48. hi jātānām sarvabhūtānām ahāni na nivartante na
māsāḥ na punaḥ samāḥ na pakṣāḥ na punaḥ kṣapāḥ
48. Indeed, for all beings that have taken birth, neither days nor months nor years return; nor do fortnights or nights return.
सोऽयं विपुलमध्वानं कालेन ध्रुवमध्रुवः ।
नरोऽवशः समभ्येति सर्वभूतनिषेवितम् ॥४९॥
49. so'yaṁ vipulamadhvānaṁ kālena dhruvamadhruvaḥ ,
naro'vaśaḥ samabhyeti sarvabhūtaniṣevitam.
49. saḥ ayam vipulam adhvānam kālena dhruvam adhruvaḥ
naraḥ avaśaḥ samabhyeti sarvabhūtaniṣevitam
49. ayam adhruvaḥ naraḥ avaśaḥ kālena dhruvam
vipulam sarvabhūtaniṣevitam adhvānam samabhyeti
49. This impermanent (adhruvaḥ) human, being helpless, certainly travels a vast path over time—a path frequented by all beings.
देहो वा जीवतोऽभ्येति जीवो वाभ्येति देहतः ।
पथि संगतमेवेदं दारैरन्यैश्च बन्धुभिः ॥५०॥
50. deho vā jīvato'bhyeti jīvo vābhyeti dehataḥ ,
pathi saṁgatamevedaṁ dārairanyaiśca bandhubhiḥ.
50. dehaḥ vā jīvataḥ abhyeti jīvaḥ vā abhyeti dehataḥ
pathi saṅgatam eva idam dāraiḥ anyaiḥ ca bandhubhiḥ
50. dehaḥ vā jīvataḥ abhyeti,
vā jīvaḥ dehataḥ abhyeti.
idam dāraiḥ ca anyaiḥ bandhubhiḥ saṅgatam pthī eva.
50. Either the body approaches the living being, or the living being departs from the body. This association with wives and other relatives is merely a transient meeting on the path.
नायमत्यन्तसंवासो लभ्यते जातु केनचित् ।
अपि स्वेन शरीरेण किमुतान्येन केनचित् ॥५१॥
51. nāyamatyantasaṁvāso labhyate jātu kenacit ,
api svena śarīreṇa kimutānyena kenacit.
51. na ayam atyantasaṃvāsaḥ labhyate jātu kenacit
api svena śarīreṇa kimuta anyena kenacit
51. ayam atyantasaṃvāsaḥ jātu kenacit na labhyate,
api svena śarīreṇa (na labhyate),
kimuta anyena kenacit (na labhyate).
51. Such a permanent association (atyantasaṃvāsaḥ) is never attained by anyone, not even with one's own body, let alone with another person.
क्व नु तेऽद्य पिता राजन्क्व नु तेऽद्य पितामहः ।
न त्वं पश्यसि तानद्य न त्वां पश्यन्ति तेऽपि च ॥५२॥
52. kva nu te'dya pitā rājankva nu te'dya pitāmahaḥ ,
na tvaṁ paśyasi tānadya na tvāṁ paśyanti te'pi ca.
52. kva nu te adya pitā rājan kva nu te adya pitāmahaḥ
na tvam paśyasi tān adya na tvām paśyanti te api ca
52. rājan kva nu te pitā adya? kva nu te pitāmahaḥ adya? tvam adya tān na paśyasi,
ca te api tvām na paśyanti.
52. O King, where is your father today? And where is your grandfather today? You do not see them now, nor do they see you.
न ह्येव पुरुषो द्रष्टा स्वर्गस्य नरकस्य वा ।
आगमस्तु सतां चक्षुर्नृपते तमिहाचर ॥५३॥
53. na hyeva puruṣo draṣṭā svargasya narakasya vā ,
āgamastu satāṁ cakṣurnṛpate tamihācara.
53. na hi eva puruṣaḥ draṣṭā svargasya narakasya
vā āgamaḥ tu satām cakṣuḥ nṛpate tam iha ācara
53. nṛpate hi eva puruṣaḥ svargasya narakasya vā
draṣṭā na tu āgamaḥ satām cakṣuḥ tam iha ācara
53. Indeed, a human being does not directly perceive heaven or hell. However, scripture (āgama) serves as the eye for the virtuous. Therefore, O king, practice its teachings in this world.
चरितब्रह्मचर्यो हि प्रजायेत यजेत च ।
पितृदेवमहर्षीणामानृण्यायानसूयकः ॥५४॥
54. caritabrahmacaryo hi prajāyeta yajeta ca ,
pitṛdevamaharṣīṇāmānṛṇyāyānasūyakaḥ.
54. caritabramacaryaḥ hi prajāyeta yajeta ca
pitṛdevamaharṣīṇām ānṛṇyāya anasūyakaḥ
54. hi caritabramacaryaḥ anasūyakaḥ prajāyeta
ca yajeta pitṛdevamaharṣīṇām ānṛṇyāya
54. Indeed, one who has observed the student's vow (brahmacarya) should procreate and perform Vedic rituals (yajña) without malice, in order to become free from debts to ancestors, gods, and great sages.
स यज्ञशीलः प्रजने निविष्टः प्राग्ब्रह्मचारी प्रविभक्तपक्षः ।
आराधयन्स्वर्गमिमं च लोकं परं च मुक्त्वा हृदयव्यलीकम् ॥५५॥
55. sa yajñaśīlaḥ prajane niviṣṭaḥ; prāgbrahmacārī pravibhaktapakṣaḥ ,
ārādhayansvargamimaṁ ca lokaṁ; paraṁ ca muktvā hṛdayavyalīkam.
55. saḥ yajñaśīlaḥ prajane niviṣṭaḥ
prāk brahmacārī pravibhakta-pakṣaḥ
ārādhayan svargam imam ca lokam
param ca muktvā hṛdayavyalīkam
55. prāk brahmacārī saḥ yajñaśīlaḥ
prajane niviṣṭaḥ pravibhakta-pakṣaḥ
hṛdayavyalīkam muktvā imam
lokam svargam ca param ca ārādhayan
55. He, who was formerly a celibate student (brahmacārī), now devoted to performing Vedic rituals (yajña) and engaged in procreation, having distinctly fulfilled his obligations, attains both this world and the supreme world, having abandoned all malice of the heart.
सम्यग्घि धर्मं चरतो नृपस्य द्रव्याणि चाप्याहरतो यथावत् ।
प्रवृत्तचक्रस्य यशोऽभिवर्धते सर्वेषु लोकेषु चराचरेषु ॥५६॥
56. samyagghi dharmaṁ carato nṛpasya; dravyāṇi cāpyāharato yathāvat ,
pravṛttacakrasya yaśo'bhivardhate; sarveṣu lokeṣu carācareṣu.
56. samyak hi dharmam carataḥ nṛpasya
drāvyāṇi ca api āharataḥ yathāvat
pravṛttacakrasya yaśaḥ
abhivardhate sarveṣu lokeṣu carācareṣu
56. hi samyak dharmam carataḥ yathāvat
drāvyāṇi ca api āharataḥ nṛpasya
pravṛttacakrasya yaśaḥ sarveṣu
carācareṣu lokeṣu abhivardhate
56. Indeed, the glory of a king who properly observes (dharma) (natural law/duty) and likewise collects revenues as prescribed, and whose dominion (cakra) is actively maintained, greatly increases in all worlds, both animate and inanimate.
व्यास उवाच ।
इत्येवमाज्ञाय विदेहराजो वाक्यं समग्रं परिपूर्णहेतुः ।
अश्मानमामन्त्र्य विशुद्धबुद्धिर्ययौ गृहं स्वं प्रति शान्तशोकः ॥५७॥
57. vyāsa uvāca ,
ityevamājñāya videharājo; vākyaṁ samagraṁ paripūrṇahetuḥ ,
aśmānamāmantrya viśuddhabuddhi;ryayau gṛhaṁ svaṁ prati śāntaśokaḥ.
57. vyāsaḥ uvāca iti evam ājñāya videha-rājaḥ
vākyam samagram paripūrṇa-hetuḥ
aśmānam āmantrya viśuddha-buddhiḥ
yayau gṛham svam prati śānta-śokaḥ
57. vyāsaḥ uvāca iti evam paripūrṇa-hetuḥ
samagram vākyam ājñāya videha-rājaḥ
viśuddha-buddhiḥ aśmānam āmantrya
śānta-śokaḥ svam gṛham prati yayau
57. Vyasa said: Having thus understood the entire statement, which was full of complete reasoning, the king of Videha, Janaka, whose intellect was purified, addressed Aśman, and with his sorrow appeased, he returned to his own home.
तथा त्वमप्यच्युत मुञ्च शोकमुत्तिष्ठ शक्रोपम हर्षमेहि ।
क्षात्रेण धर्मेण मही जिता ते तां भुङ्क्ष्व कुन्तीसुत मा विषादीः ॥५८॥
58. tathā tvamapyacyuta muñca śoka;muttiṣṭha śakropama harṣamehi ,
kṣātreṇa dharmeṇa mahī jitā te; tāṁ bhuṅkṣva kuntīsuta mā viṣādīḥ.
58. tathā tvam api acyuta muñca śokam
uttiṣṭha śakra-upama harṣam ehi
kṣātreṇa dharmeṇa mahī jitā te
tām bhuṅkṣva kuntī-suta mā viṣādīḥ
58. tathā tvam api acyuta śakra-upama
śokam muñca uttiṣṭha harṣam ehi
kṣātreṇa dharmeṇa mahī te jitā
tām kuntī-suta bhuṅkṣva mā viṣādīḥ
58. Similarly, O Acyuta, abandon your sorrow. O Indra-like one, rise up and embrace joy! The earth has been conquered by you through the warrior's intrinsic nature (dharma). O son of Kunti, enjoy that (earth); do not be dejected.