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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-154

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
स्वाध्यायकृतयत्नस्य ब्राह्मणस्य पितामह ।
धर्मकामस्य धर्मात्मन्किं नु श्रेय इहोच्यते ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
svādhyāyakṛtayatnasya brāhmaṇasya pitāmaha ,
dharmakāmasya dharmātmankiṁ nu śreya ihocyate.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | svādhyāyakṛtayatnasya brāhmaṇasya
pitāmaha | dharmakāmasya dharmātman kim nu śreyaḥ iha ucyate
1. pitāmaha dharmātman yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca svādhyāyakṛtayatnasya
dharmakāmasya brāhmaṇasya iha kim nu śreyaḥ ucyate
1. Yudhishthira said: O Grandfather, O righteous one (dharma-ātman), what indeed is declared here as the highest good for a Brahmin who has made diligent effort in self-study (svādhyāya) and is desirous of upholding the natural law (dharma)?
बहुधादर्शने लोके श्रेयो यदिह मन्यसे ।
अस्मिँल्लोके परे चैव तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥२॥
2. bahudhādarśane loke śreyo yadiha manyase ,
asmiँlloke pare caiva tanme brūhi pitāmaha.
2. bahudhādarśane loke śreyaḥ yat iha manyase |
asmin loke pare ca eva tat me brūhi pitāmaha
2. pitāmaha bahudhādarśane loke yat śreyaḥ iha
manyase asmin loke ca eva pare tat me brūhi
2. O Grandfather, in a world characterized by many diverse perspectives, whatever you consider to be the ultimate good, both in this life and the next, please tell that to me.
महानयं धर्मपथो बहुशाखश्च भारत ।
किं स्विदेवेह धर्माणामनुष्ठेयतमं मतम् ॥३॥
3. mahānayaṁ dharmapatho bahuśākhaśca bhārata ,
kiṁ svideveha dharmāṇāmanuṣṭheyatamaṁ matam.
3. mahān ayam dharmapathaḥ bahuśākhaḥ ca bhārata |
kim svit eva iha dharmāṇām anuṣṭheyatamam matam
3. bhārata ayam mahān ca bahuśākhaḥ dharmapathaḥ
iha dharmāṇām kim svit eva anuṣṭheyatamam matam?
3. This path of natural law (dharma) is vast and multi-branched, O Bhārata. What then, among these numerous aspects of natural law (dharma), is considered the most important to be observed here?
धर्मस्य महतो राजन्बहुशाखस्य तत्त्वतः ।
यन्मूलं परमं तात तत्सर्वं ब्रूह्यतन्द्रितः ॥४॥
4. dharmasya mahato rājanbahuśākhasya tattvataḥ ,
yanmūlaṁ paramaṁ tāta tatsarvaṁ brūhyatandritaḥ.
4. dharmasya mahataḥ rājan bahuśākhasya tattvataḥ |
yat mūlam paramam tāta tat sarvam brūhi atandritaḥ
4. rājan tāta mahataḥ bahuśākhasya dharmasya tattvataḥ
yat paramam mūlam tat sarvam atandritaḥ brūhi
4. O King, O dear one, tell me diligently and fully what constitutes the supreme foundation of this great and multi-branched natural law (dharma).
भीष्म उवाच ।
हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि येन श्रेयः प्रपत्स्यसे ।
पीत्वामृतमिव प्राज्ञो ज्ञानतृप्तो भविष्यसि ॥५॥
5. bhīṣma uvāca ,
hanta te kathayiṣyāmi yena śreyaḥ prapatsyase ,
pītvāmṛtamiva prājño jñānatṛpto bhaviṣyasi.
5. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca hanta te kathayiṣyāmi yena śreyaḥ
prapatsyase pītvā amṛtam iva prājñaḥ jñānatṛptaḥ bhaviṣyasi
5. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca hanta,
(aham) te kathayiṣyāmi yena (tvam) śreyaḥ prapatsyase.
(Tvam) amṛtam pītvā iva prājñaḥ jñānatṛptaḥ bhaviṣyasi.
5. Bhishma said: Indeed, I will explain to you that by which you will attain the highest good (śreyas). You will become a wise person, satisfied by knowledge, as if you have drunk nectar.
धर्मस्य विधयो नैके ते ते प्रोक्ता महर्षिभिः ।
स्वं स्वं विज्ञानमाश्रित्य दमस्तेषां परायणम् ॥६॥
6. dharmasya vidhayo naike te te proktā maharṣibhiḥ ,
svaṁ svaṁ vijñānamāśritya damasteṣāṁ parāyaṇam.
6. dharmasya vidhayaḥ na eke te te proktāḥ maharṣibhiḥ
svam svam vijñānam āśritya damaḥ teṣām parāyaṇam
6. dharmasya na eke vidhayaḥ (santīti).
te te maharṣibhiḥ svam svam vijñānam āśritya proktāḥ.
damaḥ teṣām parāyaṇam (asti).
6. The injunctions concerning natural law (dharma) are many; they have been declared by great sages, each according to their own understanding. Among them, however, self-control (dama) is the supreme principle.
दमं निःश्रेयसं प्राहुर्वृद्धा निश्चयदर्शिनः ।
ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषेण दमो धर्मः सनातनः ॥७॥
7. damaṁ niḥśreyasaṁ prāhurvṛddhā niścayadarśinaḥ ,
brāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa damo dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ.
7. damam niḥśreyasam prāhuḥ vṛddhāḥ niścayadarśinaḥ
brāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa damaḥ dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ
7. niścayadarśinaḥ vṛddhāḥ damam niḥśreyasam prāhuḥ.
viśeṣeṇa brāhmaṇasya damaḥ sanātanaḥ dharmaḥ.
7. Those elders who possess definite insight declare self-control (dama) to be the ultimate good (niḥśreyasa). Especially for a Brahmin, self-control (dama) is the eternal natural law (dharma).
नादान्तस्य क्रियासिद्धिर्यथावदुपलभ्यते ।
दमो दानं तथा यज्ञानधीतं चातिवर्तते ॥८॥
8. nādāntasya kriyāsiddhiryathāvadupalabhyate ,
damo dānaṁ tathā yajñānadhītaṁ cātivartate.
8. na adāntasya kriyāsiddhiḥ yathāvat upalabhyate
damaḥ dānam tathā yajñān adhītam ca ativartate
8. adāntasya kriyāsiddhiḥ yathāvat na upalabhyate.
damaḥ dānam tathā yajñān ca adhītam ativartate.
8. The successful completion of actions (kriyāsiddhi) is not properly attained by one who lacks self-control. Self-control (dama), charity (dāna), Vedic rituals (yajña), and Vedic study (adhīta) indeed surpass [all other virtues].
दमस्तेजो वर्धयति पवित्रं च दमः परम् ।
विपाप्मा तेजसा युक्तः पुरुषो विन्दते महत् ॥९॥
9. damastejo vardhayati pavitraṁ ca damaḥ param ,
vipāpmā tejasā yuktaḥ puruṣo vindate mahat.
9. damaḥ tejaḥ vardhayati pavitram ca damaḥ param
vipāpmā tejasā yuktaḥ puruṣaḥ vindate mahat
9. damaḥ tejaḥ vardhayati damaḥ ca param pavitram
vipāpmā tejasā yuktaḥ puruṣaḥ mahat vindate
9. Self-restraint (dama) increases one's spiritual power and is the supreme purifier. A person (puruṣa) who is free from sin and endowed with spiritual power attains the supreme state.
दमेन सदृशं धर्मं नान्यं लोकेषु शुश्रुम ।
दमो हि परमो लोके प्रशस्तः सर्वधर्मिणाम् ॥१०॥
10. damena sadṛśaṁ dharmaṁ nānyaṁ lokeṣu śuśruma ,
damo hi paramo loke praśastaḥ sarvadharmiṇām.
10. damena sadṛśam dharmam na anyam lokeṣu śuśruma
| damaḥ hi paramaḥ loke praśastaḥ sarvadharmiṇām
10. vayam lokeṣu damena sadṛśam anyam dharmam na śuśruma
hi damaḥ loke paramaḥ sarvadharmiṇām praśastaḥ (asti)
10. We have not heard of any other intrinsic nature (dharma) in the world that is comparable to self-restraint (dama). Indeed, self-restraint (dama) is supreme in the world and is highly praised among all those who practice their duties (dharma).
प्रेत्य चापि मनुष्येन्द्र परमं विन्दते सुखम् ।
दमेन हि समायुक्तो महान्तं धर्ममश्नुते ॥११॥
11. pretya cāpi manuṣyendra paramaṁ vindate sukham ,
damena hi samāyukto mahāntaṁ dharmamaśnute.
11. pretya ca api manuṣyendra paramam vindate sukham
| damena hi samāyuktaḥ mahāntam dharmam aśnute
11. manuṣyendra,
pretya ca api paramam sukham vindate hi damena samāyuktaḥ (naraḥ) mahāntam dharmam aśnute
11. And after death, O king of men, one also obtains supreme happiness. Indeed, he who is endowed with self-restraint (dama) attains a great righteousness (dharma).
सुखं दान्तः प्रस्वपिति सुखं च प्रतिबुध्यते ।
सुखं पर्येति लोकांश्च मनश्चास्य प्रसीदति ॥१२॥
12. sukhaṁ dāntaḥ prasvapiti sukhaṁ ca pratibudhyate ,
sukhaṁ paryeti lokāṁśca manaścāsya prasīdati.
12. sukham dāntaḥ prasvapiti sukham ca pratibudhyate
| sukham paryeti lokān ca manaḥ ca asya prasīdati
12. dāntaḥ sukham prasvapiti ca sukham pratibudhyate
(saḥ) sukham lokān paryeti ca asya manaḥ prasīdati
12. A self-controlled person sleeps happily and awakens happily. He moves happily through the worlds, and his mind becomes serene.
अदान्तः पुरुषः क्लेशमभीक्ष्णं प्रतिपद्यते ।
अनर्थांश्च बहूनन्यान्प्रसृजत्यात्मदोषजान् ॥१३॥
13. adāntaḥ puruṣaḥ kleśamabhīkṣṇaṁ pratipadyate ,
anarthāṁśca bahūnanyānprasṛjatyātmadoṣajān.
13. adāntaḥ puruṣaḥ kleśam abhīkṣṇam pratipadyate
anarthān ca bahūn anyān prasṛjati ātma-doṣajān
13. puruṣaḥ adāntaḥ abhīkṣṇam kleśam pratipadyate
ca bahūn anyān ātma-doṣajān anarthān prasṛjati
13. A person lacking self-control repeatedly experiences distress and generates many other misfortunes that arise from their own faults.
आश्रमेषु चतुर्ष्वाहुर्दममेवोत्तमं व्रतम् ।
तस्य लिङ्गानि वक्ष्यामि येषां समुदयो दमः ॥१४॥
14. āśrameṣu caturṣvāhurdamamevottamaṁ vratam ,
tasya liṅgāni vakṣyāmi yeṣāṁ samudayo damaḥ.
14. āśrameṣu caturṣu āhuḥ damam eva uttamam vratam
tasya liṅgāni vakṣyāmi yeṣām samudayaḥ damaḥ
14. caturṣu āśrameṣu damam eva uttamam vratam āhuḥ
tasya liṅgāni vakṣyāmi yeṣām samudayaḥ damaḥ
14. It is declared that self-control (dama) is indeed the most excellent discipline in the four stages of life (āśrama). I will describe the characteristics, the sum of which constitutes this self-control (dama).
क्षमा धृतिरहिंसा च समता सत्यमार्जवम् ।
इन्द्रियावजयो दाक्ष्यं मार्दवं ह्रीरचापलम् ॥१५॥
15. kṣamā dhṛtirahiṁsā ca samatā satyamārjavam ,
indriyāvajayo dākṣyaṁ mārdavaṁ hrīracāpalam.
15. kṣamā dhṛtiḥ ahiṃsā ca samatā satyam ārjavam
indriyāvajayaḥ dākṣyam mārdavam hrīḥ acāpalam
15. kṣamā dhṛtiḥ ahiṃsā ca samatā satyam ārjavam
indriyāvajayaḥ dākṣyam mārdavam hrīḥ acāpalam
15. Patience, fortitude, non-violence (ahiṃsā), equanimity, truthfulness, straightforwardness, control over the senses, dexterity, gentleness, modesty, and steadiness (absence of fickleness).
अकार्पण्यमसंरम्भः संतोषः प्रियवादिता ।
अविवित्सानसूया चाप्येषां समुदयो दमः ॥१६॥
16. akārpaṇyamasaṁrambhaḥ saṁtoṣaḥ priyavāditā ,
avivitsānasūyā cāpyeṣāṁ samudayo damaḥ.
16. akārpaṇyam asaṁrambhaḥ saṁtoṣaḥ priyavāditā
avivitsā anasūyā ca api eṣām samudayaḥ damaḥ
16. akārpaṇyam asaṁrambhaḥ saṁtoṣaḥ priyavāditā
avivitsā anasūyā ca api eṣām samudayaḥ damaḥ
16. Generosity, calmness (absence of agitation), contentment, pleasant speech, absence of a desire to pick quarrels, and absence of envy—the aggregate of these qualities, too, constitutes self-control (dama).
गुरुपूजा च कौरव्य दया भूतेष्वपैशुनम् ।
जनवादोऽमृषावादः स्तुतिनिन्दाविवर्जनम् ॥१७॥
17. gurupūjā ca kauravya dayā bhūteṣvapaiśunam ,
janavādo'mṛṣāvādaḥ stutinindāvivarjanam.
17. gurupūjā ca kauravya dayā bhūteṣu apaiśunam
janavādaḥ amṛṣāvādaḥ stutinindāvivarjanam
17. kauravya gurupūjā ca bhūteṣu dayā apaiśunam
janavādaḥ amṛṣāvādaḥ stutinindāvivarjanam
17. O Kauravya, (these qualities include) reverence for teachers, compassion towards all beings, absence of malice, speaking the truth in public discourse, and abstaining from both praise and blame.
कामः क्रोधश्च लोभश्च दर्पः स्तम्भो विकत्थनम् ।
मोह ईर्ष्यावमानश्चेत्येतद्दान्तो न सेवते ॥१८॥
18. kāmaḥ krodhaśca lobhaśca darpaḥ stambho vikatthanam ,
moha īrṣyāvamānaścetyetaddānto na sevate.
18. kāmaḥ krodhaḥ ca lobhaḥ ca darpaḥ stambhaḥ vikatthanam
mohaḥ īrṣyā avamānaḥ ca iti etat dāntaḥ na sevate
18. kāmaḥ ca krodhaḥ ca lobhaḥ darpaḥ stambhaḥ vikatthanam
mohaḥ īrṣyā ca avamānaḥ iti etat dāntaḥ na sevate
18. Desire, anger, and greed, along with arrogance, obstinacy, boasting, delusion, envy, and disrespect—a self-controlled person (dānta) does not engage with these.
अनिन्दितो ह्यकामात्माथाल्पेच्छोऽथानसूयकः ।
समुद्रकल्पः स नरो न कदाचन पूर्यते ॥१९॥
19. anindito hyakāmātmāthālpeccho'thānasūyakaḥ ,
samudrakalpaḥ sa naro na kadācana pūryate.
19. aninditaḥ hi akāmātmā atha alpecchaḥ atha anasūyakaḥ
samudrakalpaḥ saḥ naraḥ na kadācana pūryate
19. hi aninditaḥ akāmātmā atha alpecchaḥ atha
anasūyakaḥ saḥ naraḥ samudrakalpaḥ कदाचन न पूर्यते
19. Indeed, a person who is beyond blame, whose inner self (ātman) is free from desire, who has few wishes, and who is not envious—such a man is like the ocean; he is never truly filled.
अहं त्वयि मम त्वं च मयि ते तेषु चाप्यहम् ।
पूर्वसंबन्धिसंयोगान्नैतद्दान्तो निषेवते ॥२०॥
20. ahaṁ tvayi mama tvaṁ ca mayi te teṣu cāpyaham ,
pūrvasaṁbandhisaṁyogānnaitaddānto niṣevate.
20. aham tvayi mama tvam ca mayi te teṣu ca api aham
pūrvasambandhisaṃyogāt na etat dāntaḥ niṣevate
20. aham tvayi mama tvam ca te mayi ca aham api teṣu
etat pūrvasambandhisaṃyogāt dāntaḥ na niṣevate
20. Thinking 'I am in you, you are mine, and they are in me, and I am also in them' – a self-controlled person (dānta) does not cultivate this kind of attachment, which stems from connections with previous relationships.
सर्वा ग्राम्यास्तथारण्या याश्च लोके प्रवृत्तयः ।
निन्दां चैव प्रशंसां च यो नाश्रयति मुच्यते ॥२१॥
21. sarvā grāmyāstathāraṇyā yāśca loke pravṛttayaḥ ,
nindāṁ caiva praśaṁsāṁ ca yo nāśrayati mucyate.
21. sarvāḥ grāmyāḥ tathā āraṇyāḥ yāḥ ca loke pravṛttayaḥ
nindām ca eva praśaṃsām ca yaḥ na āśrayati mucyate
21. yaḥ nindām ca eva praśaṃsām ca na āśrayati (saḥ) sarvāḥ
grāmyāḥ tathā āraṇyāḥ yāḥ ca loke pravṛttayaḥ mucyate
21. Whoever does not cling to either blame or praise, is liberated (mokṣa) from all activities and inclinations in the world, whether rural or forest-based.
मैत्रोऽथ शीलसंपन्नः सुसहायपरश्च यः ।
मुक्तश्च विविधैः सङ्गैस्तस्य प्रेत्य महत्फलम् ॥२२॥
22. maitro'tha śīlasaṁpannaḥ susahāyaparaśca yaḥ ,
muktaśca vividhaiḥ saṅgaistasya pretya mahatphalam.
22. maitraḥ atha śīlasampannaḥ susahāyaparaḥ ca yaḥ
muktaḥ ca vividhaiḥ saṅgaiḥ tasya pretya mahat phalam
22. yaḥ maitraḥ atha śīlasampannaḥ susahāyaparaḥ ca vividhaiḥ saṅgaiḥ ca muktaḥ,
tasya pretya mahat phalam (bhavati)
22. A person who is friendly, possesses good character, is devoted to providing good support, and is freed from various attachments, attains a great reward in the afterlife.
सुवृत्तः शीलसंपन्नः प्रसन्नात्मात्मविद्बुधः ।
प्राप्येह लोके सत्कारं सुगतिं प्रतिपद्यते ॥२३॥
23. suvṛttaḥ śīlasaṁpannaḥ prasannātmātmavidbudhaḥ ,
prāpyeha loke satkāraṁ sugatiṁ pratipadyate.
23. suvṛttaḥ śīlasampannaḥ prasannātmā ātmavit budhaḥ
prāpya iha loke satkāram sugatim pratipadyate
23. suvṛttaḥ śīlasampannaḥ prasannātmā ātmavit budhaḥ
iha loke satkāram prāpya sugatim pratipadyate
23. A wise person (budhaḥ) who possesses good conduct, is endowed with excellent character, has a serene self (ātman), and is a knower of the self (ātman), having received honor in this world, attains a good destiny.
कर्म यच्छुभमेवेह सद्भिराचरितं च यत् ।
तदेव ज्ञानयुक्तस्य मुनेर्धर्मो न हीयते ॥२४॥
24. karma yacchubhameveha sadbhirācaritaṁ ca yat ,
tadeva jñānayuktasya munerdharmo na hīyate.
24. karma yat śubham eva iha sadbhiḥ ācaritam ca yat
tat eva jñānayuktasya muneḥ dharmaḥ na hīyate
24. iha yat śubham eva karma,
yat ca sadbhiḥ ācaritam,
(tathāpi) jñānayuktasya muneḥ tat eva dharmaḥ na hīyate
24. Whatever good action (karma) is performed here by the virtuous, indeed, the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a sage endowed with knowledge does not diminish.
निष्क्रम्य वनमास्थाय ज्ञानयुक्तो जितेन्द्रियः ।
कालाकाङ्क्षी चरन्नेवं ब्रह्मभूयाय कल्पते ॥२५॥
25. niṣkramya vanamāsthāya jñānayukto jitendriyaḥ ,
kālākāṅkṣī carannevaṁ brahmabhūyāya kalpate.
25. niṣkramya vanam āsthāya jñānayuktaḥ jitendriyaḥ
kālākāṅkṣī caran evam brahmabhūyāya kalpate
25. jñānayuktaḥ jitendriyaḥ kālākāṅkṣī niṣkramya
vanam āsthāya evam caran brahmabhūyāya kalpate
25. One who, having departed and resided in the forest, endowed with knowledge and having controlled their senses, thus living and awaiting the proper time, becomes fit for the state of being Brahman (brahman).
अभयं यस्य भूतेभ्यो भूतानामभयं यतः ।
तस्य देहाद्विमुक्तस्य भयं नास्ति कुतश्चन ॥२६॥
26. abhayaṁ yasya bhūtebhyo bhūtānāmabhayaṁ yataḥ ,
tasya dehādvimuktasya bhayaṁ nāsti kutaścana.
26. abhayam yasya bhūtebhyaḥ bhūtānām abhayam yataḥ
tasya dehāt vimuktasya bhayam na asti kutaścana
26. yasya bhūtebhyaḥ abhayam,
yataḥ ca bhūtānām abhayam (bhavati),
dehāt vimuktasya tasya kutaścana bhayam na asti
26. For the one who grants fearlessness to all beings and from whom no being experiences fear—for such a one, liberated (mokṣa) from the body, there is no fear from anywhere at all.
अवाचिनोति कर्माणि न च संप्रचिनोति ह ।
समः सर्वेषु भूतेषु मैत्रायणगतिश्चरेत् ॥२७॥
27. avācinoti karmāṇi na ca saṁpracinoti ha ,
samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu maitrāyaṇagatiścaret.
27. avācinoti karmāṇi na ca saṃpracinoṭi ha
samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu maitrāyaṇagatiḥ caret
27. (saḥ) karmāṇi na avācinoti ca ha (nutanāni karmāṇi) na saṃpracinoṭi.
sarveṣu bhūteṣu samaḥ maitrāyaṇagatiḥ caret.
27. He neither accrues past actions (karma) nor accumulates new ones. Equal towards all beings, he should live with a disposition of universal friendliness.
शकुनीनामिवाकाशे जले वारिचरस्य वा ।
यथा गतिर्न दृश्येत तथा तस्य न संशयः ॥२८॥
28. śakunīnāmivākāśe jale vāricarasya vā ,
yathā gatirna dṛśyeta tathā tasya na saṁśayaḥ.
28. śakunīnām iva ākāśe jale vāricarasya vā yathā
gatiḥ na dṛśyeta tathā tasya na saṃśayaḥ
28. yathā ākāśe śakunīnām iva vā jale vāricarasya gatiḥ na dṛśyeta,
tathā tasya (gatiḥ na dṛśyeta iti) na saṃśayaḥ
28. Just as the path of birds in the sky or of aquatic creatures in water is not seen, similarly, there is no doubt that his path is not seen.
गृहानुत्सृज्य यो राजन्मोक्षमेवाभिपद्यते ।
लोकास्तेजोमयास्तस्य कल्पन्ते शाश्वतीः समाः ॥२९॥
29. gṛhānutsṛjya yo rājanmokṣamevābhipadyate ,
lokāstejomayāstasya kalpante śāśvatīḥ samāḥ.
29. gṛhān utsṛjya yaḥ rājan mokṣam eva abhipadyate
lokāḥ tejomayāḥ tasya kalpante śāśvatīḥ samāḥ
29. rājan yaḥ gṛhān utsṛjya mokṣam eva abhipadyate,
tasya tejomayāḥ lokāḥ śāśvatīḥ samāḥ kalpante
29. O king, the person who renounces his home and attains ultimate liberation (mokṣa)—for him, effulgent worlds become available for eternal years.
संन्यस्य सर्वकर्माणि संन्यस्य विधिवत्तपः ।
संन्यस्य विविधा विद्याः सर्वं संन्यस्य चैव ह ॥३०॥
30. saṁnyasya sarvakarmāṇi saṁnyasya vidhivattapaḥ ,
saṁnyasya vividhā vidyāḥ sarvaṁ saṁnyasya caiva ha.
30. saṃnyasya sarvakarmāṇi saṃnyasya vidhivat tapaḥ
saṃnyasya vividhāḥ vidyāḥ sarvam saṃnyasya ca eva ha
30. sarvakarmāṇi saṃnyasya,
vidhivat tapaḥ saṃnyasya,
vividhāḥ vidyāḥ saṃnyasya,
ca eva ha sarvam saṃnyasya
30. Having renounced all actions (karma); having properly relinquished austerity (tapas); having given up various forms of knowledge; and indeed, having completely renounced everything.
कामेषु चाप्यनावृत्तः प्रसन्नात्मात्मविच्छुचिः ।
प्राप्येह लोके सत्कारं स्वर्गं समभिपद्यते ॥३१॥
31. kāmeṣu cāpyanāvṛttaḥ prasannātmātmavicchuciḥ ,
prāpyeha loke satkāraṁ svargaṁ samabhipadyate.
31. kāmeṣu ca api anāvṛttaḥ prasannātmā ātmavit śuciḥ
prāpya iha loke satkāram svargam samabhipadyate
31. ca api kāmeṣu anāvṛttaḥ,
prasannātmā,
ātmavit,
śuciḥ (yaḥ),
iha loke satkāram prāpya,
svargam samabhipadyate
31. And one who is unattached to desires, whose inner self (ātman) is serene, who is a knower of the self (ātman), and pure, having attained respect in this world, fully reaches heaven.
यच्च पैतामहं स्थानं ब्रह्मराशिसमुद्भवम् ।
गुहायां पिहितं नित्यं तद्दमेनाभिपद्यते ॥३२॥
32. yacca paitāmahaṁ sthānaṁ brahmarāśisamudbhavam ,
guhāyāṁ pihitaṁ nityaṁ taddamenābhipadyate.
32. yat ca paitāmaham sthānam brahmarāśi-samudbhavam
guhāyām pihitam nityam tat damena abhipadyate
32. ca yat paitāmaham brahmarāśi-samudbhavam nityam guhāyām pihitam sthānam,
tat damena abhipadyate
32. And that ancestral state, which arises from the abundant mass of the Absolute (brahman) and is eternally hidden within the cave (of the heart), is attained through self-control.
ज्ञानारामस्य बुद्धस्य सर्वभूताविरोधिनः ।
नावृत्तिभयमस्तीह परलोके भयं कुतः ॥३३॥
33. jñānārāmasya buddhasya sarvabhūtāvirodhinaḥ ,
nāvṛttibhayamastīha paraloke bhayaṁ kutaḥ.
33. jñānārāmasya buddhasya sarvabhūtāvirodhinaḥ na
āvṛttibhayam asti iha paraloke bhayam kutaḥ
33. jñānārāmasya buddhasya sarvabhūtāvirodhinaḥ iha āvṛttibhayam na asti,
paraloke bhayam kutaḥ
33. For an enlightened person whose delight is knowledge and who bears no hostility towards any creature, there is no fear of rebirth (saṃsāra) in this world. Then, how could there be any fear in the next world?
एक एव दमे दोषो द्वितीयो नोपपद्यते ।
यदेनं क्षमया युक्तमशक्तं मन्यते जनः ॥३४॥
34. eka eva dame doṣo dvitīyo nopapadyate ,
yadenaṁ kṣamayā yuktamaśaktaṁ manyate janaḥ.
34. eka eva dame doṣaḥ dvitīyaḥ na upapadyate
yat enam kṣamayā yuktam aśaktam manyate janaḥ
34. ekaḥ eva doṣaḥ dame (asti),
dvitīyaḥ na upapadyate,
yat janaḥ enam kṣamayā yuktam aśaktam manyate
34. There is only one defect in practicing self-control (dama), and no second one occurs: people consider him who is endowed with forgiveness (kṣamā) to be weak.
एतस्य तु महाप्राज्ञ दोषस्य सुमहान्गुणः ।
क्षमायां विपुला लोकाः सुलभा हि सहिष्णुना ॥३५॥
35. etasya tu mahāprājña doṣasya sumahānguṇaḥ ,
kṣamāyāṁ vipulā lokāḥ sulabhā hi sahiṣṇunā.
35. etasya tu mahāprājña doṣasya sumahān guṇaḥ
kṣamāyām vipulāḥ lokāḥ sulabhāḥ hi sahiṣṇunā
35. tu mahāprājña! etasya doṣasya sumahān guṇaḥ (asti).
kṣamāyām sahiṣṇunā vipulāḥ lokāḥ hi sulabhāḥ (bhavanti).
35. But, O great sage, this very defect (of being perceived as weak) has a very great merit (guṇa): vast realms are indeed easily attained through forgiveness (kṣamā) by one who is patient.
दान्तस्य किमरण्येन तथादान्तस्य भारत ।
यत्रैव हि वसेद्दान्तस्तदरण्यं स आश्रमः ॥३६॥
36. dāntasya kimaraṇyena tathādāntasya bhārata ,
yatraiva hi vaseddāntastadaraṇyaṁ sa āśramaḥ.
36. dāntasya kim araṇyena tathā adāntasya bhārata
yatra eva hi vaset dāntaḥ tat araṇyam saḥ āśramaḥ
36. bhārata! dāntasya araṇyena kim? tathā adāntasya (araṇyena kim)? yatra eva hi dāntaḥ vaset,
tat araṇyam,
saḥ āśramaḥ (asti).
36. O Bhārata, what is the use of a forest for the self-controlled (dānta), and similarly, what is its use for the uncontrolled? Wherever the self-controlled (dānta) person indeed resides, that place is a forest (araṇya), and that is a spiritual abode (āśrama).
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतद्भीष्मस्य वचनं श्रुत्वा राजा युधिष्ठिरः ।
अमृतेनेव संतृप्तः प्रहृष्टः समपद्यत ॥३७॥
37. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etadbhīṣmasya vacanaṁ śrutvā rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
amṛteneva saṁtṛptaḥ prahṛṣṭaḥ samapadyata.
37. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca etat bhīṣmasya vacanam śrutvā rājā
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ amṛtena iva saṃtṛptaḥ prahṛṣṭaḥ samapadyata
37. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ etat bhīṣmasya
vacanam śrutvā amṛtena iva saṃtṛptaḥ prahṛṣṭaḥ samapadyata
37. Vaiśampāyana said: Hearing these words of Bhishma, King Yudhishthira became deeply satisfied, as if by nectar, and was greatly delighted.
पुनश्च परिपप्रच्छ भीष्मं धर्मभृतां वरम् ।
तपः प्रति स चोवाच तस्मै सर्वं कुरूद्वह ॥३८॥
38. punaśca paripapraccha bhīṣmaṁ dharmabhṛtāṁ varam ,
tapaḥ prati sa covāca tasmai sarvaṁ kurūdvaha.
38. punaḥ ca paripapraccha bhīṣmam dharmabhṛtām varam
tapaḥ prati saḥ ca uvāca tasmai sarvam kurūdvaha
38. punaḥ ca saḥ (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ)
dharmabhṛtām varam bhīṣmam tapaḥ
prati paripapraccha ca saḥ (bhīṣmaḥ)
kurūdvaha tasmai sarvam uvāca
38. And again, he (Yudhishthira) questioned Bhishma, the foremost among the upholders of natural law (dharma), concerning asceticism (tapas). And in response, Bhishma, O scion of Kuru, explained everything to him.