Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-92

Use the following checkboxes to set the display options for this chapter (You can also control the display of each verse separately):
what would you like to see in each verse:
उतथ्य उवाच ।
कालवर्षी च पर्जन्यो धर्मचारी च पार्थिवः ।
संपद्यदैषा भवति सा बिभर्ति सुखं प्रजाः ॥१॥
1. utathya uvāca ,
kālavarṣī ca parjanyo dharmacārī ca pārthivaḥ ,
saṁpadyadaiṣā bhavati sā bibharti sukhaṁ prajāḥ.
1. utathya uvāca kālavarṣī ca parjanyaḥ dharmacārī ca
pārthivaḥ sampad yadā eṣā bhavati sā bibharti sukham prajāḥ
1. utathya uvāca: ca parjanyaḥ kālavarṣī ca pārthivaḥ dharmacārī; yadā eṣā sampad bhavati,
sā prajāḥ sukham bibharti.
1. Utathya said: When the rain-god Parjanya sends rain in due season, and the king adheres to natural law (dharma), then, when this situation prevails, it sustains the subjects in prosperity.
यो न जानाति निर्हन्तुं वस्त्राणां रजको मलम् ।
रक्तानि वा शोधयितुं यथा नास्ति तथैव सः ॥२॥
2. yo na jānāti nirhantuṁ vastrāṇāṁ rajako malam ,
raktāni vā śodhayituṁ yathā nāsti tathaiva saḥ.
2. yaḥ na jānāti nirhantuṃ vastrāṇām rajakaḥ malam
raktāni vā śodhayituṃ yathā na asti tathā eva saḥ
2. yathā yaḥ rajakaḥ vastrāṇām malam nirhantuṃ vā raktāni śodhayituṃ na jānāti,
(saḥ) na asti,
tathā eva saḥ
2. Just as a washerman who does not know how to remove stains from garments or to cleanse dyed clothes is considered incompetent, so too is such a person.
एवमेव द्विजेन्द्राणां क्षत्रियाणां विशामपि ।
शूद्राश्चतुर्णां वर्णानां नानाकर्मस्ववस्थिताः ॥३॥
3. evameva dvijendrāṇāṁ kṣatriyāṇāṁ viśāmapi ,
śūdrāścaturṇāṁ varṇānāṁ nānākarmasvavasthitāḥ.
3. evam eva dvijendrāṇām kṣatriyāṇām viśām api
śūdrāḥ caturṇām varṇānām nānā karmasu avasthitāḥ
3. evam eva dvijendrāṇām kṣatriyāṇām viśām api
śūdrāḥ caturṇām varṇānām nānā karmasu avasthitāḥ
3. Similarly, among the best of the twice-born (dvija), the Kshatriyas, the Vaishyas, and the Shudras – these four social classes (varṇa) are engaged in their various duties (karma).
कर्म शूद्रे कृषिर्वैश्ये दण्डनीतिश्च राजनि ।
ब्रह्मचर्यं तपो मन्त्राः सत्यं चापि द्विजातिषु ॥४॥
4. karma śūdre kṛṣirvaiśye daṇḍanītiśca rājani ,
brahmacaryaṁ tapo mantrāḥ satyaṁ cāpi dvijātiṣu.
4. karma śūdre kṛṣiḥ vaiśye daṇḍanītiḥ ca rājani
brahmacaryaṃ tapaḥ mantrāḥ satyaṃ ca api dvijātiṣu
4. śūdre karma,
vaiśye kṛṣiḥ,
ca rājani daṇḍanītiḥ.
ca api dvijātiṣu brahmacaryaṃ tapaḥ mantrāḥ satyaṃ
4. Manual service (karma) is the duty of the Shudra; agriculture, of the Vaishya; and the science of governance (daṇḍanīti) for the king (Kshatriya). Austerity (tapas), sacred formulas (mantra), and truthfulness, along with a life of Vedic study (brahmacarya), are for the twice-born (dvija).
तेषां यः क्षत्रियो वेद वस्त्राणामिव शोधनम् ।
शीलदोषान्विनिर्हन्तुं स पिता स प्रजापतिः ॥५॥
5. teṣāṁ yaḥ kṣatriyo veda vastrāṇāmiva śodhanam ,
śīladoṣānvinirhantuṁ sa pitā sa prajāpatiḥ.
5. teṣām yaḥ kṣatriyaḥ veda vastrāṇām iva śodhanam
śīladoṣān vinirhantuṃ saḥ pitā saḥ prajāpatiḥ
5. teṣām yaḥ kṣatriyaḥ,
vastrāṇām śodhanam iva,
śīladoṣān vinirhantuṃ veda,
saḥ pitā,
saḥ prajāpatiḥ
5. Among these (social classes), the Kshatriya who knows how to remove moral defects from character, just as a washerman knows the cleansing of garments, he is truly like a father and a protector of his people (prajāpati).
कृतं त्रेता द्वापरश्च कलिश्च भरतर्षभ ।
राजवृत्तानि सर्वाणि राजैव युगमुच्यते ॥६॥
6. kṛtaṁ tretā dvāparaśca kaliśca bharatarṣabha ,
rājavṛttāni sarvāṇi rājaiva yugamucyate.
6. kṛtam tretā dvāparaḥ ca kaliḥ ca bharatarṣabha
rājavṛttāni sarvāṇi rāja eva yugam ucyate
6. bharatarṣabha kṛtam tretā dvāparaḥ ca kaliḥ
ca sarvāṇi rājavṛttāni rāja eva yugam ucyate
6. O best of Bharatas, Krita, Treta, Dvapara, and Kali – these ages are all defined by the king's conduct. Indeed, it is the king himself who is said to be the age.
चातुर्वर्ण्यं तथा वेदाश्चातुराश्रम्यमेव च ।
सर्वं प्रमुह्यते ह्येतद्यदा राजा प्रमाद्यति ॥७॥
7. cāturvarṇyaṁ tathā vedāścāturāśramyameva ca ,
sarvaṁ pramuhyate hyetadyadā rājā pramādyati.
7. cāturvarṇyam tathā vedāḥ ca cāturāśramyam eva ca
sarvam pramuhyate hi etat yadā rājā pramādyati
7. yadā rājā pramādyati hi cāturvarṇyam tathā vedāḥ
ca cāturāśramyam eva ca etat sarvam pramuhyate
7. The four social classes (varṇa), the Vedas, and the four stages of life (āśrama) – all of this indeed becomes utterly confounded when the king is negligent.
राजैव कर्ता भूतानां राजैव च विनाशकः ।
धर्मात्मा यः स कर्ता स्यादधर्मात्मा विनाशकः ॥८॥
8. rājaiva kartā bhūtānāṁ rājaiva ca vināśakaḥ ,
dharmātmā yaḥ sa kartā syādadharmātmā vināśakaḥ.
8. rāja eva kartā bhūtānām rāja eva ca vināśakaḥ
dharmātmā yaḥ saḥ kartā syāt adharmātmā vināśakaḥ
8. rāja eva bhūtānām kartā ca rāja eva vināśakaḥ
yaḥ dharmātmā saḥ kartā syāt adharmātmā vināśakaḥ
8. The king himself is the creator of beings, and the king himself is the destroyer. He who is righteous in spirit (dharma) becomes the creator, and he who is unrighteous in spirit becomes the destroyer.
राज्ञो भार्याश्च पुत्राश्च बान्धवाः सुहृदस्तथा ।
समेत्य सर्वे शोचन्ति यदा राजा प्रमाद्यति ॥९॥
9. rājño bhāryāśca putrāśca bāndhavāḥ suhṛdastathā ,
sametya sarve śocanti yadā rājā pramādyati.
9. rājñaḥ bhāryāḥ ca putrāḥ ca bāndhavāḥ suhṛdaḥ
tathā sametya sarve śocanti yadā rājā pramādyati
9. yadā rājā pramādyati rājñaḥ bhāryāḥ ca putrāḥ ca
bāndhavāḥ tathā suhṛdaḥ sarve sametya śocanti
9. The king's wives, sons, relatives, and friends—all of them assemble and lament when the king becomes negligent.
हस्तिनोऽश्वाश्च गावश्चाप्युष्ट्राश्वतरगर्दभाः ।
अधर्मवृत्ते नृपतौ सर्वे सीदन्ति पार्थिव ॥१०॥
10. hastino'śvāśca gāvaścāpyuṣṭrāśvataragardabhāḥ ,
adharmavṛtte nṛpatau sarve sīdanti pārthiva.
10. hastinaḥ aśvāḥ ca gāvaḥ ca api uṣṭrāśvataragardabhāḥ
adharmavṛtte nṛpatau sarve sīdanti pārthiva
10. pārthiva nṛpatau adharmavṛtte hastinaḥ aśvāḥ ca
gāvaḥ ca api uṣṭrāśvataragardabhāḥ sarve sīdanti
10. O ruler of the earth (pārthiva), when the king's conduct is unrighteous (adharma), all—elephants, horses, cows, and also camels, mules, and donkeys—languish.
दुर्बलार्थं बलं सृष्टं धात्रा मान्धातरुच्यते ।
अबलं तन्महद्भूतं यस्मिन्सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥११॥
11. durbalārthaṁ balaṁ sṛṣṭaṁ dhātrā māndhātarucyate ,
abalaṁ tanmahadbhūtaṁ yasminsarvaṁ pratiṣṭhitam.
11. durbalārtham balam sṛṣṭam dhātrā māndhātar ucyate
abalam tat mahat bhūtam yasmin sarvam pratiṣṭhitam
11. māndhātar dhātrā balam durbalārtham sṛṣṭam ucyate
abalam tat mahat bhūtam yasmin sarvam pratiṣṭhitam
11. O Māndhātā, it is said that strength (balam) was created by the Creator (dhātṛ) for the sake of the weak. That great Being (bhūtam), which is without (worldly) strength, is where everything is established.
यच्च भूतं स भजते भूता ये च तदन्वयाः ।
अधर्मस्थे हि नृपतौ सर्वे सीदन्ति पार्थिव ॥१२॥
12. yacca bhūtaṁ sa bhajate bhūtā ye ca tadanvayāḥ ,
adharmasthe hi nṛpatau sarve sīdanti pārthiva.
12. yat ca bhūtam sa bhajate bhūtāḥ ye ca tadanvayāḥ
adharmasthe hi nṛpatau sarve sīdanti pārthiva
12. pārthiva hi nṛpatau adharmasthe yat ca bhūtam sa
bhajate ye ca tadanvayāḥ bhūtāḥ sarve sīdanti
12. O ruler of the earth (pārthiva), whatever creatures he patronizes (bhajate), and those beings who are his followers (tadanvayāḥ)—indeed all of them languish when the king is established in unrighteousness (adharma).
दुर्बलस्य हि यच्चक्षुर्मुनेराशीविषस्य च ।
अविषह्यतमं मन्ये मा स्म दुर्बलमासदः ॥१३॥
13. durbalasya hi yaccakṣurmunerāśīviṣasya ca ,
aviṣahyatamaṁ manye mā sma durbalamāsadaḥ.
13. durbalasya hi yat cakṣuḥ muneḥ āśīviṣasya ca
aviṣahyatamaṃ manye mā sma durbalam āsadaḥ
13. hi yat durbalasya ca muneḥ ca āśīviṣasya cakṣuḥ aviṣahyatamaṃ manye.
mā sma durbalam āsadaḥ.
13. Indeed, I consider the eye of the weak, and that of a sage (muni), and that of a venomous snake, to be the most unbearable. Therefore, do not approach the weak.
दुर्बलांस्तात बुध्येथा नित्यमेवाविमानितान् ।
मा त्वां दुर्बलचक्षूंषि प्रदहेयुः सबान्धवम् ॥१४॥
14. durbalāṁstāta budhyethā nityamevāvimānitān ,
mā tvāṁ durbalacakṣūṁṣi pradaheyuḥ sabāndhavam.
14. durbalān tāta budhyethāḥ nityam eva avimānitān
mā tvām durbalacakṣūṃṣi pradaheyuḥ sabāndhavam
14. tāta durbalān avimānitān nityam eva budhyethāḥ
durbalacakṣūṃṣi tvām sabāndhavam mā pradaheyuḥ
14. My dear son, you should always be mindful of the weak and never disrespect them. Otherwise, the 'eyes' (implied curses or intense suffering) of the weak might burn you along with your relatives.
न हि दुर्बलदग्धस्य कुले किंचित्प्ररोहति ।
आमूलं निर्दहत्येव मा स्म दुर्बलमासदः ॥१५॥
15. na hi durbaladagdhasya kule kiṁcitprarohati ,
āmūlaṁ nirdahatyeva mā sma durbalamāsadaḥ.
15. na hi durbaladagdhasya kule kiñcit prarohati
āmūlam nirdahati eva mā sma durbalam āsadaḥ
15. hi durbaladagdhasya kule kiñcit na prarohati
(tat) āmūlam eva nirdahati durbalam mā sma āsadaḥ
15. For certainly, nothing ever flourishes in the lineage of one who has been scorched by the weak. It (the lineage) is utterly burned down to its roots. Therefore, do not ever offend the weak.
अबलं वै बलाच्छ्रेयो यच्चातिबलवद्बलम् ।
बलस्याबलदग्धस्य न किंचिदवशिष्यते ॥१६॥
16. abalaṁ vai balācchreyo yaccātibalavadbalam ,
balasyābaladagdhasya na kiṁcidavaśiṣyate.
16. abalam vai balāt śreyaḥ yat ca atibalavat balam
balasya abaladagdhasya na kiñcit avaśiṣyate
16. abalam vai balāt śreyaḥ yat ca atibalavat balam (tat
api tuccham) abaladagdhasya balasya kiñcit na avaśiṣyate
16. Indeed, the power of the weak is superior to (ordinary) strength; and even exceedingly great strength (is overcome by it). Nothing at all remains of the strength of one who has been scorched by the weak.
विमानितो हतोत्क्रुष्टस्त्रातारं चेन्न विन्दति ।
अमानुषकृतस्तत्र दण्डो हन्ति नराधिपम् ॥१७॥
17. vimānito hatotkruṣṭastrātāraṁ cenna vindati ,
amānuṣakṛtastatra daṇḍo hanti narādhipam.
17. vimānitaḥ hatotkruṣṭaḥ trātāram cet na vindati
amānuṣakṛtaḥ tatra daṇḍaḥ hanti narādhipam
17. cet vimānitaḥ hatotkruṣṭaḥ (naraḥ) trātāram na
vindati tatra amānuṣakṛtaḥ daṇḍaḥ narādhipam hanti
17. If an insulted and wronged person, crying out for help, does not find a protector, then a non-human (divinely ordained) punishment will destroy that king.
मा स्म तात बले स्थेया बाधिष्ठा मापि दुर्बलम् ।
मा त्वा दुर्बलचक्षूंषि धक्ष्यन्त्यग्निरिवाश्रयम् ॥१८॥
18. mā sma tāta bale stheyā bādhiṣṭhā māpi durbalam ,
mā tvā durbalacakṣūṁṣi dhakṣyantyagnirivāśrayam.
18. mā sma tāta bale stheyāḥ bādhiṣṭhāḥ mā api durbalam
mā tvā durbalacakṣūṃṣi dhakṣyanti agniḥ iva āśrayam
18. tāta bale mā stheyāḥ mā api durbalam bādhiṣṭhāḥ mā
durbalacakṣūṃṣi tvā dhakṣyanti agniḥ āśrayam iva
18. My dear, do not rely on your strength, and do not oppress the weak. For the eyes of the weak will burn you, just as fire burns its own dwelling.
यानि मिथ्याभिशस्तानां पतन्त्यश्रूणि रोदताम् ।
तानि पुत्रान्पशून्घ्नन्ति तेषां मिथ्याभिशासताम् ॥१९॥
19. yāni mithyābhiśastānāṁ patantyaśrūṇi rodatām ,
tāni putrānpaśūnghnanti teṣāṁ mithyābhiśāsatām.
19. yāni mithyābhiśastānām patanti aśrūṇi rodatām
tāni putrān paśūn ghnanti teṣām mithyābhiśāsatām
19. mithyābhiśastānām rodatām yāni aśrūṇi patanti,
tāni teṣām mithyābhiśāsatām putrān paśūn ghnanti
19. The tears that fall from those who are falsely accused and weep, these destroy the sons and livestock of those who make false accusations.
यदि नात्मनि पुत्रेषु न चेत्पौत्रेषु नप्तृषु ।
न हि पापं कृतं कर्म सद्यः फलति गौरिव ॥२०॥
20. yadi nātmani putreṣu na cetpautreṣu naptṛṣu ,
na hi pāpaṁ kṛtaṁ karma sadyaḥ phalati gauriva.
20. yadi na ātmani putreṣu na cet pautreṣu naptṛṣu
na hi pāpam kṛtam karma sadyaḥ phalati gauḥ iva
20. yathā gauḥ (sadyas na phalati,
tathā) kṛtam pāpam karma sadyaḥ na hi phalati yadi ātmani na (phalati),
(tadā) putreṣu (phalati); na cet pautreṣu (phalati); (na cet) naptṛṣu (phalati)
20. A sinful action (karma) does not immediately bear fruit, just like a cow (does not immediately give milk). If its effects do not appear in oneself, then in one's sons, if not in them, then in one's grandsons, or even in one's great-grandsons.
यत्राबलो वध्यमानस्त्रातारं नाधिगच्छति ।
महान्दैवकृतस्तत्र दण्डः पतति दारुणः ॥२१॥
21. yatrābalo vadhyamānastrātāraṁ nādhigacchati ,
mahāndaivakṛtastatra daṇḍaḥ patati dāruṇaḥ.
21. yatra abalaḥ vadhyamānaḥ trātāram na adhigacchati
mahān daivakṛtaḥ tatra daṇḍaḥ patati dāruṇaḥ
21. yatra abalaḥ vadhyamānaḥ trātāram na adhigacchati,
tatra mahān dāruṇaḥ daivakṛtaḥ daṇḍaḥ patati
21. Wherever a helpless person, being oppressed, cannot find a protector, there a great and terrible punishment, ordained by destiny, descends.
युक्ता यदा जानपदा भिक्षन्ते ब्राह्मणा इव ।
अभीक्ष्णं भिक्षुदोषेण राजानं घ्नन्ति तादृशाः ॥२२॥
22. yuktā yadā jānapadā bhikṣante brāhmaṇā iva ,
abhīkṣṇaṁ bhikṣudoṣeṇa rājānaṁ ghnanti tādṛśāḥ.
22. yuktāḥ yadā jānapadāḥ bhikṣante brāhmaṇāḥ iva
abhīkṣṇam bhikṣu-doṣeṇa rājānam ghnanti tādṛśāḥ
22. yadā yuktāḥ jānapadāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ iva bhikṣante,
tādṛśāḥ abhīkṣṇam bhikṣu-doṣeṇa rājānam ghnanti.
22. When appointed district officials behave like mendicants, frequently, by the misconduct of such 'begging', such persons harm the king.
राज्ञो यदा जनपदे बहवो राजपूरुषाः ।
अनयेनोपवर्तन्ते तद्राज्ञः किल्बिषं महत् ॥२३॥
23. rājño yadā janapade bahavo rājapūruṣāḥ ,
anayenopavartante tadrājñaḥ kilbiṣaṁ mahat.
23. rājñaḥ yadā janapade bahavaḥ rājapūruṣāḥ
anayena upavartante tat rājñaḥ kilbiṣam mahat
23. yadā rājñaḥ janapade bahavaḥ rājapūruṣāḥ anayena upavartante,
tat rājñaḥ mahat kilbiṣam.
23. When many royal officials (rājapūruṣāḥ) in the king's (rājñaḥ) territory (janapade) conduct themselves with impropriety (anayena), that is a great fault for the king (rājñaḥ).
यदा युक्ता नयन्त्यर्थान्कामादर्थवशेन वा ।
कृपणं याचमानानां तद्राज्ञो वैशसं महत् ॥२४॥
24. yadā yuktā nayantyarthānkāmādarthavaśena vā ,
kṛpaṇaṁ yācamānānāṁ tadrājño vaiśasaṁ mahat.
24. yadā yuktāḥ nayanti arthān kāmāt artha-vaśena vā
kṛpaṇam yācamānānām tat rājñaḥ vaiśasam mahat
24. yadā yuktāḥ kāmāt vā artha-vaśena kṛpaṇam yācamānānām arthān nayanti,
tat rājñaḥ mahat vaiśasam.
24. When appointed officials (yuktāḥ) appropriate (nayanti) the resources (arthān) of those pitifully imploring (kṛpaṇaṃ yācamānānām), either out of greed (kāmāt) or under the influence of money (arthavaśena), that (tat) is a great calamity (mahat vaiśasam) for the king (rājñaḥ).
महावृक्षो जायते वर्धते च तं चैव भूतानि समाश्रयन्ति ।
यदा वृक्षश्छिद्यते दह्यते वा तदाश्रया अनिकेता भवन्ति ॥२५॥
25. mahāvṛkṣo jāyate vardhate ca; taṁ caiva bhūtāni samāśrayanti ,
yadā vṛkṣaśchidyate dahyate vā; tadāśrayā aniketā bhavanti.
25. mahā-vṛkṣaḥ jāyate vardhate ca
tam ca eva bhūtāni samāśrayanti
yadā vṛkṣaḥ chidyate dahyate vā
tad-āśrayāḥ aniketāḥ bhavanti
25. mahā-vṛkṣaḥ jāyate ca vardhate.
bhūtāni ca eva tam samāśrayanti.
yadā vṛkṣaḥ chidyate vā dahyate,
tad-āśrayāḥ aniketāḥ bhavanti.
25. A great tree (mahāvṛkṣaḥ) is born and grows, and indeed, creatures (bhūtāni) take shelter (samāśrayanti) in it. When that tree (vṛkṣaḥ) is cut (chidhyate) or burned (dahyate vā), those who depend on it (tadāśrayāḥ) become homeless (aniketāḥ bhavanti).
यदा राष्ट्रे धर्ममग्र्यं चरन्ति संस्कारं वा राजगुणं ब्रुवाणाः ।
तैरेवाधर्मश्चरितो धर्ममोहात्तूर्णं जह्यात्सुकृतं दुष्कृतं च ॥२६॥
26. yadā rāṣṭre dharmamagryaṁ caranti; saṁskāraṁ vā rājaguṇaṁ bruvāṇāḥ ,
tairevādharmaścarito dharmamohā;ttūrṇaṁ jahyātsukṛtaṁ duṣkṛtaṁ ca.
26. yadā rāṣṭre dharmam agryam caranti
saṃskāram vā rājaguṇam bruvāṇāḥ
taiḥ eva adharmaḥ caritaḥ dharmamohāt
tūrṇam jahyāt sukṛtam duṣkṛtam ca
26. yadā bruvāṇāḥ rājaguṇam vā saṃskāram
rāṣṭre agryam dharmam caranti taiḥ
eva dharmamohāt adharmaḥ caritaḥ
tūrṇam sukṛtam ca duṣkṛtam ca jahyāt
26. When people, claiming royal virtues (rāja-guṇa) or social customs (saṃskāra), act contrary to the supreme natural law (dharma) in the state, then, due to delusion regarding natural law (dharma), one should quickly abandon both the good and bad deeds performed by them.
यत्र पापा ज्ञायमानाश्चरन्ति सतां कलिर्विन्दति तत्र राज्ञः ।
यदा राजा शास्ति नरान्नशिष्यान्न तद्राज्यं वर्धते भूमिपाल ॥२७॥
27. yatra pāpā jñāyamānāścaranti; satāṁ kalirvindati tatra rājñaḥ ,
yadā rājā śāsti narānnaśiṣyā;nna tadrājyaṁ vardhate bhūmipāla.
27. yatra pāpāḥ jñāyamānāḥ caranti
satām kaliḥ vindati tatra rājñaḥ
yadā rājā śāsti narān aśiṣyān
na tat rājyam vardhate bhūmipāla
27. bhūmipāla yatra jñāyamānāḥ pāpāḥ
caranti tatra satām rājñaḥ kaliḥ
vindati yadā rājā aśiṣyān narān
na śāsti tat rājyam na vardhate
27. O ruler (bhūmipāla), where wicked people (pāpāḥ) act openly, there conflict (kali) afflicts good people (satām) concerning the king. When a king governs men who are not disciples (aśiṣyān), that kingdom (rājya) does not prosper.
यश्चामात्यं मानयित्वा यथार्हं मन्त्रे च युद्धे च नृपो नियुञ्ज्यात् ।
प्रवर्धते तस्य राष्ट्रं नृपस्य भुङ्क्ते महीं चाप्यखिलां चिराय ॥२८॥
28. yaścāmātyaṁ mānayitvā yathārhaṁ; mantre ca yuddhe ca nṛpo niyuñjyāt ,
pravardhate tasya rāṣṭraṁ nṛpasya; bhuṅkte mahīṁ cāpyakhilāṁ cirāya.
28. yaḥ ca amātyam mānayitvā yathārham
mantre ca yuddhe ca nṛpaḥ niyuñjyāt
pravardhate tasya rāṣṭram nṛpasya
bhuṅkte mahīm ca api akhilām cirāya
28. yaḥ ca nṛpaḥ amātyam yathārham
mānayitvā mantre ca yuddhe ca niyuñjyāt
tasya nṛpasya rāṣṭram pravardhate
ca akhilām mahīm api cirāya bhuṅkte
28. And the king (nṛpa) who, honoring his minister (amātya) appropriately, employs him in counsel (mantra) and in war, the kingdom (rāṣṭra) of that king (nṛpa) prospers greatly, and he enjoys the entire earth (mahī) for a long time.
अत्रापि सुकृतं कर्म वाचं चैव सुभाषिताम् ।
समीक्ष्य पूजयन्राजा धर्मं प्राप्नोत्यनुत्तमम् ॥२९॥
29. atrāpi sukṛtaṁ karma vācaṁ caiva subhāṣitām ,
samīkṣya pūjayanrājā dharmaṁ prāpnotyanuttamam.
29. atra api sukṛtam karma vācam ca eva subhāṣitām
samīkṣya pūjayan rājā dharmam prāpnoti anuttamam
29. atra api rājā sukṛtam karma ca subhāṣitām vācam
eva samīkṣya pūjayan anuttamam dharmam prāpnoti
29. Here too, by duly considering and honoring a good deed (sukṛtam karma) and well-spoken words, a king (rājā) attains the supreme (anuttama) natural law (dharma).
संविभज्य यदा भुङ्क्ते न चान्यानवमन्यते ।
निहन्ति बलिनं दृप्तं स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥३०॥
30. saṁvibhajya yadā bhuṅkte na cānyānavamanyate ,
nihanti balinaṁ dṛptaṁ sa rājño dharma ucyate.
30. saṃvibhajya yadā bhuṅkte na ca anyān avamanyate
nihanti balinam dṛptam saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate
30. yadā saṃvibhajya bhuṅkte ca anyān na avamanyate
dṛptam balinam nihanti saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate
30. When a king enjoys his share after distributing it, and does not disrespect others, and strikes down the arrogant strong, that is called the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a king.
त्रायते हि यदा सर्वं वाचा कायेन कर्मणा ।
पुत्रस्यापि न मृष्येच्च स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥३१॥
31. trāyate hi yadā sarvaṁ vācā kāyena karmaṇā ,
putrasyāpi na mṛṣyecca sa rājño dharma ucyate.
31. trāyate hi yadā sarvam vācā kāyena karmaṇā putrasya
api na mṛṣyet ca saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate
31. hi yadā vācā kāyena karmaṇā sarvam trāyate ca
putrasya api na mṛṣyet saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate
31. Indeed, when a king protects everyone through his words, body, and actions, and does not tolerate (misconduct) even from his own son, that is called the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a king.
यदा शारणिकान्राजा पुत्रवत्परिरक्षति ।
भिनत्ति न च मर्यादां स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥३२॥
32. yadā śāraṇikānrājā putravatparirakṣati ,
bhinatti na ca maryādāṁ sa rājño dharma ucyate.
32. yadā śāraṇikān rājā putravat parirakṣati bhinatti
na ca maryādām saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate
32. yadā rājā putravat śāraṇikān parirakṣati ca
maryādām na bhinatti saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate
32. When a king protects those seeking refuge as if they were his own sons, and does not transgress the established boundaries (of justice), that is called the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a king.
यदाप्तदक्षिणैर्यज्ञैर्यजते श्रद्धयान्वितः ।
कामद्वेषावनादृत्य स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥३३॥
33. yadāptadakṣiṇairyajñairyajate śraddhayānvitaḥ ,
kāmadveṣāvanādṛtya sa rājño dharma ucyate.
33. yadā āptadakṣiṇaiḥ yajñaiḥ yajate śraddhayā anvitaḥ
kāmadveṣau anādṛtya saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate
33. yadā śraddhayā anvitaḥ āptadakṣiṇaiḥ yajñaiḥ yajate
kāmadveṣau anādṛtya saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate
33. When, filled with faith (śraddhā), he performs Vedic rituals (yajña) with appropriate fees, disregarding both desire and hatred, that is called the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a king.
कृपणानाथवृद्धानां यदाश्रु व्यपमार्ष्टि वै ।
हर्षं संजनयन्नॄणां स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥३४॥
34. kṛpaṇānāthavṛddhānāṁ yadāśru vyapamārṣṭi vai ,
harṣaṁ saṁjanayannṝṇāṁ sa rājño dharma ucyate.
34. kṛpaṇānāthavṛddhānām yat aśru vyapamārṣṭi vai
harṣam saṃjanayan nṝṇām saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate
34. saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate yat vai kṛpaṇānāthavṛddhānām
aśru vyapamārṣṭi nṝṇām harṣam saṃjanayan
34. That which wipes away the tears of the distressed, the helpless, and the elderly, thereby bringing joy to people, is indeed considered the king's duty (dharma).
विवर्धयति मित्राणि तथारींश्चापकर्षति ।
संपूजयति साधूंश्च स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥३५॥
35. vivardhayati mitrāṇi tathārīṁścāpakarṣati ,
saṁpūjayati sādhūṁśca sa rājño dharma ucyate.
35. vivardhayati mitrāṇi tathā arīn ca apakarṣati
sampūjayati sādhūn ca saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate
35. saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate yat mitrāṇi vivardhayati
tathā ca arīn apakarṣati ca sādhūn sampūjayati
35. That which fosters friendships and weakens adversaries, and honors righteous individuals, is considered the king's duty (dharma).
सत्यं पालयति प्राप्त्या नित्यं भूमिं प्रयच्छति ।
पूजयत्यतिथीन्भृत्यान्स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥३६॥
36. satyaṁ pālayati prāptyā nityaṁ bhūmiṁ prayacchati ,
pūjayatyatithīnbhṛtyānsa rājño dharma ucyate.
36. satyam pālayati prāptyā nityam bhūmim prayacchati
pūjayati atithīn bhṛtyān saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate
36. saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate yat satyam prāptyā pālayati
nityam bhūmim prayacchati atithīn bhṛtyān pūjayati
36. That which preserves truth through achievement, constantly grants land, and honors guests and dependents, is considered the king's duty (dharma).
निग्रहानुग्रहौ चोभौ यत्र स्यातां प्रतिष्ठितौ ।
अस्मिँल्लोके परे चैव राजा तत्प्राप्नुते फलम् ॥३७॥
37. nigrahānugrahau cobhau yatra syātāṁ pratiṣṭhitau ,
asmiँlloke pare caiva rājā tatprāpnute phalam.
37. nigraha anugrahau ca ubhau yatra syātām pratiṣṭhitau
asmin loke pare ca eva rājā tat prāpnute phalam
37. yatra ubhau nigraha anugrahau ca pratiṣṭhitau syātām
rājā asmin loke pare ca eva tat phalam prāpnute
37. In which (state) both punishment and favor are duly administered, the king attains the corresponding reward in this world and also in the next.
यमो राजा धार्मिकाणां मान्धातः परमेश्वरः ।
संयच्छन्भवति प्राणान्नसंयच्छंस्तु पापकः ॥३८॥
38. yamo rājā dhārmikāṇāṁ māndhātaḥ parameśvaraḥ ,
saṁyacchanbhavati prāṇānnasaṁyacchaṁstu pāpakaḥ.
38. yamaḥ rājā dhārmikāṇām māndhātaḥ parameśvaraḥ
saṃyacchan bhavati prāṇān na saṃyacchan tu pāpakaḥ
38. māndhātaḥ yamaḥ dhārmikāṇām rājā parameśvaraḥ (asti).
prāṇān saṃyacchan bhavati (śubhaḥ); na saṃyacchan tu pāpakaḥ (bhavati).
38. Yama, O Mandhata, is the king of the righteous and the supreme lord. A person who practices self-restraint (saṃyacchan) becomes virtuous, while one who does not practice self-restraint (saṃyacchan) becomes sinful.
ऋत्विक्पुरोहिताचार्यान्सत्कृत्यानवमन्य च ।
यदा सम्यक्प्रगृह्णाति स राज्ञो धर्म उच्यते ॥३९॥
39. ṛtvikpurohitācāryānsatkṛtyānavamanya ca ,
yadā samyakpragṛhṇāti sa rājño dharma ucyate.
39. ṛtvik purohita ācāryān satkṛtya anavamanya ca
yadā samyak pragṛhṇāti saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate
39. yadā ṛtvik purohita ācāryān ca satkṛtya anavamanya samyak pragṛhṇāti,
saḥ rājñaḥ dharmaḥ ucyate.
39. When a king properly (samyak) honors (satkṛtya) and does not disrespect (anavaman_ya) the officiating priests (ṛtvik), the household priests (purohita), and the teachers (ācārya), that conduct is declared to be the king's (rājñaḥ) intrinsic duty (dharma).
यमो यच्छति भूतानि सर्वाण्येवाविशेषतः ।
तस्य राज्ञानुकर्तव्यं यन्तव्या विधिवत्प्रजाः ॥४०॥
40. yamo yacchati bhūtāni sarvāṇyevāviśeṣataḥ ,
tasya rājñānukartavyaṁ yantavyā vidhivatprajāḥ.
40. yamaḥ yacchati bhūtāni sarvāṇi eva aviśeṣataḥ
tasya rājñā anukartavyam yantavyāḥ vidhivat prajāḥ
40. yamaḥ sarvāṇi eva bhūtāni aviśeṣataḥ yacchati.
tasya (karma) rājñā anukartavyam.
prajāḥ vidhivat yantavyāḥ.
40. Yama controls (yacchati) all beings (bhūta) indiscriminately (aviśeṣataḥ). A king (rājñā) should imitate him in this; subjects (prajā) should be governed (yantavyā) according to (natural) law (vidhivat).
सहस्राक्षेण राजा हि सर्व एवोपमीयते ।
स पश्यति हि यं धर्मं स धर्मः पुरुषर्षभ ॥४१॥
41. sahasrākṣeṇa rājā hi sarva evopamīyate ,
sa paśyati hi yaṁ dharmaṁ sa dharmaḥ puruṣarṣabha.
41. sahasrākṣeṇa rājā hi sarvaḥ eva upamīyate saḥ
paśyati hi yam dharmam saḥ dharmaḥ puruṣarṣabha
41. hi sarvaḥ rājā sahasrākṣeṇa eva upamīyate.
puruṣarṣabha! saḥ yaṃ dharmam hi paśyati,
saḥ dharmaḥ.
41. Indeed (hi), every king (rājā) is compared (upamīyate) to Indra (sahasrākṣa). O best among men (puruṣarṣabha)! Whatever intrinsic nature (dharma) he (the king) discerns (paśyati), that (saḥ) becomes the (valid) intrinsic nature (dharma).
अप्रमादेन शिक्षेथाः क्षमां बुद्धिं धृतिं मतिम् ।
भूतानां सत्त्वजिज्ञासां साध्वसाधु च सर्वदा ॥४२॥
42. apramādena śikṣethāḥ kṣamāṁ buddhiṁ dhṛtiṁ matim ,
bhūtānāṁ sattvajijñāsāṁ sādhvasādhu ca sarvadā.
42. apramādena śikṣethāḥ kṣamām buddhim dhṛtim matim
bhūtānām sattvajijñāsām sādhu asādhu ca sarvadā
42. sarvadā apramādena kṣamām buddhim dhṛtim matim
bhūtānām sattvajijñāsām ca sādhu asādhu ca śikṣethāḥ
42. You should always diligently acquire forbearance, intelligence, firmness, wisdom, and an inquiry into the true nature (sattva) of beings, discerning both what is right and what is wrong.
संग्रहः सर्वभूतानां दानं च मधुरा च वाक् ।
पौरजानपदाश्चैव गोप्तव्याः स्वा यथा प्रजाः ॥४३॥
43. saṁgrahaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ dānaṁ ca madhurā ca vāk ,
paurajānapadāścaiva goptavyāḥ svā yathā prajāḥ.
43. saṃgrahaḥ sarvabhūtānām dānam ca madhurā ca vāk
paurajānapadāḥ ca eva goptavyāḥ svāḥ yathā prajāḥ
43. sarvabhūtānām saṃgrahaḥ ca dānam ca madhurā vāk
ca paurajānapadāḥ eva svāḥ prajāḥ yathā goptavyāḥ
43. The protection of all beings, and charity, and sweet speech (vāk) (should be practiced). Moreover, city and country dwellers should be protected like one's own subjects.
न जात्वदक्षो नृपतिः प्रजाः शक्नोति रक्षितुम् ।
भारो हि सुमहांस्तात राज्यं नाम सुदुष्करम् ॥४४॥
44. na jātvadakṣo nṛpatiḥ prajāḥ śaknoti rakṣitum ,
bhāro hi sumahāṁstāta rājyaṁ nāma suduṣkaram.
44. na jātu adakṣaḥ nṛpatiḥ prajāḥ śaknoti rakṣitum
bhāraḥ hi sumahān tāta rājyam nāma suduraskaram
44. tāta adakṣaḥ nṛpatiḥ prajāḥ rakṣitum na śaknoti
jātu hi rājyam nāma sumahān bhāraḥ suduraskaram
44. An unskilled king is never able to protect his subjects. Indeed, dear one, the task of kingship (rājya) is a very great and extremely difficult burden.
तद्दण्डविन्नृपः प्राज्ञः शूरः शक्नोति रक्षितुम् ।
न हि शक्यमदण्डेन क्लीबेनाबुद्धिनापि वा ॥४५॥
45. taddaṇḍavinnṛpaḥ prājñaḥ śūraḥ śaknoti rakṣitum ,
na hi śakyamadaṇḍena klībenābuddhināpi vā.
45. tat daṇḍavit nṛpaḥ prājñaḥ śūraḥ śaknoti rakṣitum
na hi śakyam adaṇḍena klībena abuddhinā api vā
45. tat daṇḍavit prājñaḥ śūraḥ nṛpaḥ rakṣitum śaknoti
hi adaṇḍena klībena vā abuddhinā api na śakyam
45. Therefore, a king who knows about punishment, who is intelligent, and brave, is able to protect. Indeed, it is not possible by one who does not inflict punishment, or by an impotent person, or even by one without intelligence.
अभिरूपैः कुले जातैर्दक्षैर्भक्तैर्बहुश्रुतैः ।
सर्वा बुद्धीः परीक्षेथास्तापसाश्रमिणामपि ॥४६॥
46. abhirūpaiḥ kule jātairdakṣairbhaktairbahuśrutaiḥ ,
sarvā buddhīḥ parīkṣethāstāpasāśramiṇāmapi.
46. abhirūpaiḥ kule jātaiḥ dakṣaiḥ bhaktaiḥ bahuśrutaiḥ
sarvāḥ buddhīḥ parīkṣethāḥ tāpasāśramiṇām api
46. sarvāḥ buddhīḥ tāpasāśramiṇām api abhirūpaiḥ kule
jātaiḥ dakṣaiḥ bhaktaiḥ bahuśrutaiḥ parīkṣethāḥ
46. You should examine all ideas and counsels, even those of ascetics (tāpasas) and those living in hermitages (āśramas), by means of well-qualified individuals born in noble families, who are capable, devoted, and extensively learned.
ततस्त्वं सर्वभूतानां धर्मं वेत्स्यसि वै परम् ।
स्वदेशे परदेशे वा न ते धर्मो विनश्यति ॥४७॥
47. tatastvaṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ dharmaṁ vetsyasi vai param ,
svadeśe paradeśe vā na te dharmo vinaśyati.
47. tataḥ tvam sarvabhūtānām dharmam vetsyasi vai
param svadeśe paradeśe vā na te dharmaḥ vinaśyati
47. tataḥ tvam vai param dharmam sarvabhūtānām vetsyasi
te dharmaḥ na vinaśyati svadeśe paradeśe vā
47. Therefore, you will indeed know the supreme intrinsic nature (dharma) of all beings. Whether in your own country or in a foreign land, your intrinsic nature (dharma) will not be destroyed.
धर्मश्चार्थश्च कामश्च धर्म एवोत्तरो भवेत् ।
अस्मिँल्लोके परे चैव धर्मवित्सुखमेधते ॥४८॥
48. dharmaścārthaśca kāmaśca dharma evottaro bhavet ,
asmiँlloke pare caiva dharmavitsukhamedhate.
48. dharmaḥ ca arthaḥ ca kāmaḥ ca dharmaḥ eva uttaraḥ
bhavet asmin loke pare ca eva dharmavit sukham edhate
48. dharmaḥ ca arthaḥ ca kāmaḥ ca dharmaḥ eva uttaraḥ
bhavet dharmavit asmin loke pare ca eva sukham edhate
48. Of righteousness (dharma), material prosperity, and desire, righteousness (dharma) should indeed be the foremost. One who understands natural law (dharma) flourishes happily in this world and the next.
त्यजन्ति दारान्प्राणांश्च मनुष्याः प्रतिपूजिताः ।
संग्रहश्चैव भूतानां दानं च मधुरा च वाक् ॥४९॥
49. tyajanti dārānprāṇāṁśca manuṣyāḥ pratipūjitāḥ ,
saṁgrahaścaiva bhūtānāṁ dānaṁ ca madhurā ca vāk.
49. tyajanti dārān prāṇān ca manuṣyāḥ pratipūjitāḥ
saṃgrahaḥ ca eva bhūtānām dānam ca madhurā ca vāk
49. pratipūjitāḥ manuṣyāḥ dārān ca prāṇān tyajanti
eva ca bhūtānām saṃgrahaḥ ca dānam ca madhurā vāk
49. Highly revered individuals forsake their wives and their very lives. Moreover, (virtues like) fostering good relations with creatures, giving (dāna), and sweet speech (vāk) are also (practiced by them).
अप्रमादश्च शौचं च तात भूतिकरं महत् ।
एतेभ्यश्चैव मान्धातः सततं मा प्रमादिथाः ॥५०॥
50. apramādaśca śaucaṁ ca tāta bhūtikaraṁ mahat ,
etebhyaścaiva māndhātaḥ satataṁ mā pramādithāḥ.
50. apramādaḥ ca śaucam ca tāta bhūtikaram mahat
etebhyaḥ ca eva māndhātaḥ satatam mā pramādithāḥ
50. tāta māndhātaḥ apramādaḥ ca śaucam ca mahat
bhūtikaram ca etebhyaḥ eva satatam mā pramādithāḥ
50. Diligence and purity, dear child, are greatly conducive to prosperity. Therefore, O Mandhatr, never be negligent regarding these.
अप्रमत्तो भवेद्राजा छिद्रदर्शी परात्मनोः ।
नास्य छिद्रं परः पश्येच्छिद्रेषु परमन्वियात् ॥५१॥
51. apramatto bhavedrājā chidradarśī parātmanoḥ ,
nāsya chidraṁ paraḥ paśyecchidreṣu paramanviyāt.
51. apramattaḥ bhavet rājā chidradarśī parātmanoḥ na
asya chidram paraḥ paśyet chidreṣu param anviyāt
51. rājā apramattaḥ parātmanoḥ chidradarśī bhavet
paraḥ asya chidram na paśyet chidreṣu param anviyāt
51. A king should be vigilant, discerning the weaknesses of both his enemies and himself. No adversary should perceive his weaknesses, while he should diligently seek out the vulnerabilities of others.
एतद्वृत्तं वासवस्य यमस्य वरुणस्य च ।
राजर्षीणां च सर्वेषां तत्त्वमप्यनुपालय ॥५२॥
52. etadvṛttaṁ vāsavasya yamasya varuṇasya ca ,
rājarṣīṇāṁ ca sarveṣāṁ tattvamapyanupālaya.
52. etat vṛttam vāsavasya yamasya varuṇasya ca
rājarṣīṇām ca sarveṣām tattvam api anupālaya
52. etat vṛttam vāsavasya yamasya varuṇasya ca
sarveṣām rājarṣīṇām ca api tattvam anupālaya
52. This is the righteous conduct observed by Vasava, Yama, and Varuna, as well as by all royal sages. You too should diligently uphold that principle.
तत्कुरुष्व महाराज वृत्तं राजर्षिसेवितम् ।
आतिष्ठ दिव्यं पन्थानमह्नाय भरतर्षभ ॥५३॥
53. tatkuruṣva mahārāja vṛttaṁ rājarṣisevitam ,
ātiṣṭha divyaṁ panthānamahnāya bharatarṣabha.
53. tat kuruṣva mahārāja vṛttam rājarṣisevitam
ātiṣṭha divyam panthānam ahnāya bharatarṣabha
53. mahārāja bharatarṣabha tat rājarṣisevitam
vṛttam kuruṣva ahnāya divyam panthānam ātiṣṭha
53. Therefore, O great king, adopt that conduct which has been followed by royal sages. O best among the Bharatas, swiftly embrace the divine path.
धर्मवृत्तं हि राजानं प्रेत्य चेह च भारत ।
देवर्षिपितृगन्धर्वाः कीर्तयन्त्यमितौजसः ॥५४॥
54. dharmavṛttaṁ hi rājānaṁ pretya ceha ca bhārata ,
devarṣipitṛgandharvāḥ kīrtayantyamitaujasaḥ.
54. dharma-vṛttam hi rājānam pretya ca iha ca bhārata
deva-ṛṣi-pitṛ-gandharvāḥ kīrtayanti amita-ojasas
54. bhārata hi amita-ojasas deva-ṛṣi-pitṛ-gandharvāḥ
dharma-vṛttam rājānam iha ca pretya ca kīrtayanti
54. O Bhārata, truly, gods, sages, ancestors, and Gandharvas of immeasurable power extol a king whose life is guided by natural law (dharma), both in this world and the afterlife.
भीष्म उवाच ।
स एवमुक्तो मान्धाता तेनोतथ्येन भारत ।
कृतवानविशङ्कस्तदेकः प्राप च मेदिनीम् ॥५५॥
55. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sa evamukto māndhātā tenotathyena bhārata ,
kṛtavānaviśaṅkastadekaḥ prāpa ca medinīm.
55. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca saḥ evam uktaḥ māndhātā tena utathyena
bhārata kṛtavān aviśaṅkaḥ tat ekaḥ prāpa ca medinīm
55. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca bhārata tena utathyena evam uktaḥ saḥ
māndhātā aviśaṅkaḥ tat kṛtavān ca ekaḥ medinīm prāpa
55. Bhishma said: "O Bhārata, Mandhata, having been thus advised by Utathya, carried out his command without hesitation and single-handedly conquered the earth."
भवानपि तथा सम्यङ्मान्धातेव महीपतिः ।
धर्मं कृत्वा महीं रक्षन्स्वर्गे स्थानमवाप्स्यसि ॥५६॥
56. bhavānapi tathā samyaṅmāndhāteva mahīpatiḥ ,
dharmaṁ kṛtvā mahīṁ rakṣansvarge sthānamavāpsyasi.
56. bhavān api tathā samyak māndhātā iva mahīpatiḥ
dharmam kṛtvā mahīm rakṣan svarge sthānam avāpsyasi
56. mahīpatiḥ bhavān api tathā māndhātā iva samyak
dharmam kṛtvā mahīm rakṣan svarge sthānam avāpsyasi
56. You too, O king (mahīpati), will similarly attain a place in heaven, just like Mandhata, by properly upholding natural law (dharma) and protecting the earth.