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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-46

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ब्रह्मोवाच ।
एवमेतेन मार्गेण पूर्वोक्तेन यथाविधि ।
अधीतवान्यथाशक्ति तथैव ब्रह्मचर्यवान् ॥१॥
1. brahmovāca ,
evametena mārgeṇa pūrvoktena yathāvidhi ,
adhītavānyathāśakti tathaiva brahmacaryavān.
1. brahmā uvāca evam etena mārgeṇa pūrvoktena yathāvidhi
adhītavān yathāśakti tathaiva brahmacaryavān
1. brahmā uvāca evam etena pūrvoktena mārgeṇa yathāvidhi
yathāśakti adhītavān tathaiva brahmacaryavān
1. Brahmā said: "Thus, by this previously mentioned path, according to the prescribed rules, the one who has studied according to their capacity, and likewise maintained (brahmacarya)."
स्वधर्मनिरतो विद्वान्सर्वेन्द्रिययतो मुनिः ।
गुरोः प्रियहिते युक्तः सत्यधर्मपरः शुचिः ॥२॥
2. svadharmanirato vidvānsarvendriyayato muniḥ ,
guroḥ priyahite yuktaḥ satyadharmaparaḥ śuciḥ.
2. svadharmanirataḥ vidvān sarvendriyayataḥ muniḥ
guroḥ priyahite yuktaḥ satyadharmaparaḥ śuciḥ
2. svadharmanirataḥ vidvān sarvendriyayataḥ guroḥ
priyahite yuktaḥ satyadharmaparaḥ śuciḥ muniḥ
2. A wise sage (muni), devoted to his prescribed duty (svadharma), with all senses restrained, engaged in actions for the welfare and benefit of his teacher (guru), dedicated to truth and natural law (dharma), and pure.
गुरुणा समनुज्ञातो भुञ्जीतान्नमकुत्सयन् ।
हविष्यभैक्ष्यभुक्चापि स्थानासनविहारवान् ॥३॥
3. guruṇā samanujñāto bhuñjītānnamakutsayan ,
haviṣyabhaikṣyabhukcāpi sthānāsanavihāravān.
3. guruṇā samanu-jñātaḥ bhuñjīta annam akutsayan
haviṣya-bhaikṣya-bhuk ca api sthāna-āsana-vihāra-vān
3. guruṇā samanu-jñātaḥ akutsayan annam bhuñjīta
haviṣya-bhaikṣya-bhuk ca api sthāna-āsana-vihāra-vān
3. Having been permitted by his teacher (guru), he should eat food without finding fault, consuming only sacred food or alms, and maintaining moderation in his posture, seating, and movements.
द्विकालमग्निं जुह्वानः शुचिर्भूत्वा समाहितः ।
धारयीत सदा दण्डं बैल्वं पालाशमेव वा ॥४॥
4. dvikālamagniṁ juhvānaḥ śucirbhūtvā samāhitaḥ ,
dhārayīta sadā daṇḍaṁ bailvaṁ pālāśameva vā.
4. dvi-kālam agnim juhvānaḥ śuciḥ bhūtvā samāhitaḥ
dhārayīta sadā daṇḍam bailvam pālāśam eva vā
4. śuciḥ bhūtvā samāhitaḥ dvi-kālam agnim juhvānaḥ
sadā bailvam vā pālāśam eva daṇḍam dhārayīta
4. Having become pure and composed, he should perform the Vedic fire ritual (homa) twice daily, and always carry a staff made of bilva or palāśa wood.
क्षौमं कार्पासिकं वापि मृगाजिनमथापि वा ।
सर्वं काषायरक्तं स्याद्वासो वापि द्विजस्य ह ॥५॥
5. kṣaumaṁ kārpāsikaṁ vāpi mṛgājinamathāpi vā ,
sarvaṁ kāṣāyaraktaṁ syādvāso vāpi dvijasya ha.
5. kṣaumam kārpāsikam vā api mṛga-ajinam atha api vā
sarvam kāṣāya-raktam syāt vāsaḥ vā api dvijasya ha
5. dvijasya vāsaḥ kṣaumam vā kārpāsikam vā api,
atha api mṛga-ajinam vā,
sarvam kāṣāya-raktam syāt ha
5. All garments of the twice-born (dvija), whether linen or cotton, or even a deerskin, should be dyed reddish-brown.
मेखला च भवेन्मौञ्जी जटी नित्योदकस्तथा ।
यज्ञोपवीती स्वाध्यायी अलुप्तनियतव्रतः ॥६॥
6. mekhalā ca bhavenmauñjī jaṭī nityodakastathā ,
yajñopavītī svādhyāyī aluptaniyatavrataḥ.
6. mekhalā ca bhavet mauñjī jaṭī nitya-udakaḥ tathā
yajñopavītī svādhyāyī a-lupta-niyata-vrataḥ
6. mekhalā ca mauñjī bhavet jaṭī nitya-udakaḥ tathā
yajñopavītī svādhyāyī a-lupta-niyata-vrataḥ
6. And his girdle should be made of muñja grass; he should wear matted hair, always possess water (for purity), similarly wear the sacred thread, be devoted to self-study (svādhyāya), and strictly adhere to his prescribed vows.
पूताभिश्च तथैवाद्भिः सदा दैवततर्पणम् ।
भावेन नियतः कुर्वन्ब्रह्मचारी प्रशस्यते ॥७॥
7. pūtābhiśca tathaivādbhiḥ sadā daivatatarpaṇam ,
bhāvena niyataḥ kurvanbrahmacārī praśasyate.
7. pūtābhiḥ ca tathā eva adbhiḥ sadā daivatatarpaṇam
bhāvena niyataḥ kurvan brahmacārī praśasyate
7. niyataḥ brahmacārī pūtābhiḥ ca tathā eva adbhiḥ
sadā bhāvena daivatatarpaṇam kurvan praśasyate
7. A student (brahmacārī) who is self-controlled and always performs the ritual libation to the deities with devotion using pure waters is praised.
एवं युक्तो जयेत्स्वर्गमूर्ध्वरेताः समाहितः ।
न संसरति जातीषु परमं स्थानमाश्रितः ॥८॥
8. evaṁ yukto jayetsvargamūrdhvaretāḥ samāhitaḥ ,
na saṁsarati jātīṣu paramaṁ sthānamāśritaḥ.
8. evam yuktaḥ jayet svargam ūrdhvaretāḥ samāhitaḥ
na saṃsarati jātīṣu paramam sthānam āśritaḥ
8. evam yuktaḥ ūrdhvaretāḥ samāhitaḥ svargam jayet
paramam sthānam āśritaḥ (saḥ) jātīṣu na saṃsarati
8. One who is thus disciplined, celibate (ūrdhvaretāḥ), and concentrated will conquer heaven. Having attained the supreme state, he does not transmigrate through various births (saṃsāra).
संस्कृतः सर्वसंस्कारैस्तथैव ब्रह्मचर्यवान् ।
ग्रामान्निष्क्रम्य चारण्यं मुनिः प्रव्रजितो वसेत् ॥९॥
9. saṁskṛtaḥ sarvasaṁskāraistathaiva brahmacaryavān ,
grāmānniṣkramya cāraṇyaṁ muniḥ pravrajito vaset.
9. saṃskṛtaḥ sarvasaṃskāraiḥ tathā eva brahmacaryavān
grāmāt niṣkramya ca araṇyam muniḥ pravrajitaḥ vaset
9. sarvasaṃskāraiḥ saṃskṛtaḥ tathā eva brahmacaryavān
muniḥ pravrajitaḥ grāmāt niṣkramya ca araṇyam vaset
9. A sage (muni) who has been perfected by all the purificatory rites (saṃskāras) and likewise observes celibacy, should, having renounced the world, leave the village and dwell in the forest.
चर्मवल्कलसंवीतः स्वयं प्रातरुपस्पृशेत् ।
अरण्यगोचरो नित्यं न ग्रामं प्रविशेत्पुनः ॥१०॥
10. carmavalkalasaṁvītaḥ svayaṁ prātarupaspṛśet ,
araṇyagocaro nityaṁ na grāmaṁ praviśetpunaḥ.
10. carmavalkalasaṃvītaḥ svayam prātaḥ upaspṛśet
araṇyagocaraḥ nityam na grāmam praviśet punaḥ
10. carmavalkalasaṃvītaḥ (saḥ) svayam prātaḥ upaspṛśet
nityam araṇyagocaraḥ (saḥ) punaḥ grāmam na praviśet
10. Dressed in skin and bark garments, he should perform his morning ablutions himself. Always dwelling in the forest, he should not enter the village again.
अर्चयन्नतिथीन्काले दद्याच्चापि प्रतिश्रयम् ।
फलपत्रावरैर्मूलैः श्यामाकेन च वर्तयन् ॥११॥
11. arcayannatithīnkāle dadyāccāpi pratiśrayam ,
phalapatrāvarairmūlaiḥ śyāmākena ca vartayan.
11. arcayan atithīn kāle dadyāt ca api pratiśrayam
phalapatrāvaraiḥ mūlaiḥ śyāmākena ca vartayan
11. arcayan kāle atithīn pratiśrayam ca api dadyāt
phalapatrāvaraiḥ mūlaiḥ śyāmakena ca vartayan
11. Honoring guests at the proper time, one should also offer them shelter. One should sustain oneself with fruits, leaves, inferior roots, and śyāmāka millet.
प्रवृत्तमुदकं वायुं सर्वं वानेयमा तृणात् ।
प्राश्नीयादानुपूर्व्येण यथादीक्षमतन्द्रितः ॥१२॥
12. pravṛttamudakaṁ vāyuṁ sarvaṁ vāneyamā tṛṇāt ,
prāśnīyādānupūrvyeṇa yathādīkṣamatandritaḥ.
12. pravṛttam udakam vāyum sarvam vāneyam ā tṛṇāt
prāśnīyāt ānupūrvyeṇa yathādīkṣam atandritaḥ
12. atandritaḥ yathādīkṣam ānupūrvyeṇa pravṛttam
udakam vāyum sarvam vāneyam ā tṛṇāt prāśnīyāt
12. One should diligently consume flowing water, air, and all things grown in the forest, even down to grass, in the prescribed order and according to one's spiritual vow (dīkṣā).
आमूलफलभिक्षाभिरर्चेदतिथिमागतम् ।
यद्भक्षः स्यात्ततो दद्याद्भिक्षां नित्यमतन्द्रितः ॥१३॥
13. āmūlaphalabhikṣābhirarcedatithimāgatam ,
yadbhakṣaḥ syāttato dadyādbhikṣāṁ nityamatandritaḥ.
13. āmūlaphalabhikṣābhiḥ arcet atithim āgatam yat
bhakṣaḥ syāt tataḥ dadyāt bhikṣām nityam atandritaḥ
13. atandritaḥ āgatam atithim āmūlaphalabhikṣābhiḥ
arcet yat bhakṣaḥ syāt tataḥ nityam bhikṣām dadyāt
13. One should honor an arrived guest with alms consisting of roots and fruits. Whatever food one (the host) may consume, from that one should always diligently offer alms.
देवतातिथिपूर्वं च सदा भुञ्जीत वाग्यतः ।
अस्कन्दितमनाश्चैव लघ्वाशी देवताश्रयः ॥१४॥
14. devatātithipūrvaṁ ca sadā bhuñjīta vāgyataḥ ,
askanditamanāścaiva laghvāśī devatāśrayaḥ.
14. devatātithipūrvam ca sadā bhuñjīta vāgyataḥ
askanditamanāḥ ca eva laghvāśī devatāśrayaḥ
14. vāgyataḥ askanditamanāḥ laghvāśī devatāśrayaḥ
ca eva sadā devatātithipūrvam bhuñjīta
14. And always, with restrained speech, one should eat only after serving the deities and guests first. (One should be) of unperturbed mind, eating lightly, and devoted to the deities.
दान्तो मैत्रः क्षमायुक्तः केशश्मश्रु च धारयन् ।
जुह्वन्स्वाध्यायशीलश्च सत्यधर्मपरायणः ॥१५॥
15. dānto maitraḥ kṣamāyuktaḥ keśaśmaśru ca dhārayan ,
juhvansvādhyāyaśīlaśca satyadharmaparāyaṇaḥ.
15. dāntaḥ maitraḥ kṣamāyuktaḥ keśaśmaśru ca dhārayan
juhvan svādhyāyaśīlaḥ ca satyadharmaparāyaṇaḥ
15. dāntaḥ maitraḥ kṣamāyuktaḥ keśaśmaśru ca dhārayan
juhvan svādhyāyaśīlaḥ ca satyadharmaparāyaṇaḥ
15. One who is self-controlled, benevolent, endowed with patience, allows his hair and beard to grow, performs Vedic fire rituals, is devoted to sacred study, and is dedicated to truth and natural law (dharma).
त्यक्तदेहः सदा दक्षो वननित्यः समाहितः ।
एवं युक्तो जयेत्स्वर्गं वानप्रस्थो जितेन्द्रियः ॥१६॥
16. tyaktadehaḥ sadā dakṣo vananityaḥ samāhitaḥ ,
evaṁ yukto jayetsvargaṁ vānaprastho jitendriyaḥ.
16. tyaktadehaḥ sadā dakṣaḥ vananityaḥ samāhitaḥ evam
yuktaḥ jayet svargam vānaprasthaḥ jitendriyaḥ
16. tyaktadehaḥ sadā dakṣaḥ vananityaḥ samāhitaḥ
jitendriyaḥ vānaprasthaḥ evam yuktaḥ svargam jayet
16. A forest-dweller (vānaprastha) who has renounced attachment to the body, is always diligent, constantly dwells in the forest, and is composed; such a one, with senses subdued, would thus conquer heaven.
गृहस्थो ब्रह्मचारी च वानप्रस्थोऽथ वा पुनः ।
य इच्छेन्मोक्षमास्थातुमुत्तमां वृत्तिमाश्रयेत् ॥१७॥
17. gṛhastho brahmacārī ca vānaprastho'tha vā punaḥ ,
ya icchenmokṣamāsthātumuttamāṁ vṛttimāśrayet.
17. gṛhasthaḥ brahmacārī ca vānaprasthaḥ atha vā punaḥ
yaḥ icchet mokṣam āsthātum uttamām vṛttim āśrayet
17. gṛhasthaḥ brahmacārī ca vānaprasthaḥ atha vā punaḥ
yaḥ mokṣam āsthātum icchet uttamām vṛttim āśrayet
17. Whether one is a householder, a student (brahmacārī), or a forest-dweller (vānaprastha), whoever desires to attain final liberation (mokṣa) should adopt the highest mode of conduct.
अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यो दत्त्वा नैष्कर्म्यमाचरेत् ।
सर्वभूतहितो मैत्रः सर्वेन्द्रिययतो मुनिः ॥१८॥
18. abhayaṁ sarvabhūtebhyo dattvā naiṣkarmyamācaret ,
sarvabhūtahito maitraḥ sarvendriyayato muniḥ.
18. abhayam sarvabhūtebhyaḥ dattvā naiṣkarmyam ācaret
sarvabhūtahitaḥ maitraḥ sarvendriyayataḥ muniḥ
18. sarvabhūtebhyaḥ abhayam dattvā naiṣkarmyam ācaret
sarvabhūtahitaḥ maitraḥ sarvendriyayataḥ muniḥ
18. Having granted freedom from fear to all beings, one should practice non-action (naiṣkarmya). A sage (muni) of this kind is benevolent to all creatures, friendly, and has restrained all his senses.
अयाचितमसंकॢप्तमुपपन्नं यदृच्छया ।
जोषयेत सदा भोज्यं ग्रासमागतमस्पृहः ॥१९॥
19. ayācitamasaṁkḷptamupapannaṁ yadṛcchayā ,
joṣayeta sadā bhojyaṁ grāsamāgatamaspṛhaḥ.
19. ayācitam asaṃkḷptam upapannam yadṛcchayā
joṣayeta sadā bhojyam grāsam āgatam aspṛhaḥ
19. aspṛhaḥ yadṛcchayā upapannam ayācitam
asaṃkḷptam āgatam bhojyam grāsam sadā joṣayeta
19. A desireless person should always partake, without longing, of food (a morsel) that arrives spontaneously, unasked for, and unprepared.
यात्रामात्रं च भुञ्जीत केवलं प्राणयात्रिकम् ।
धर्मलब्धं तथाश्नीयान्न काममनुवर्तयेत् ॥२०॥
20. yātrāmātraṁ ca bhuñjīta kevalaṁ prāṇayātrikam ,
dharmalabdhaṁ tathāśnīyānna kāmamanuvartayet.
20. yātrāmātram ca bhuñjīta kevalam prāṇayātrikam
dharmalabdham tathā aśnīyāt na kāmam anuvaratayet
20. ca yātrāmātram kevalam prāṇayātrikam bhuñjīta
tathā dharmalabdham aśnīyāt kāmam na anuvaratayet
20. One should eat only for bodily maintenance and solely for the sustenance of life. Similarly, one should consume what is righteously acquired (dharma-labdham), and not yield to desire (kāma).
ग्रासादाच्छादनाच्चान्यन्न गृह्णीयात्कथंचन ।
यावदाहारयेत्तावत्प्रतिगृह्णीत नान्यथा ॥२१॥
21. grāsādācchādanāccānyanna gṛhṇīyātkathaṁcana ,
yāvadāhārayettāvatpratigṛhṇīta nānyathā.
21. grāsāt ācchādanāt ca anyat na gṛhṇīyāt kathaṃcana
yāvat āhārayet tāvat pratigṛhṇīta na anyathā
21. grāsāt ca ācchādanāt anyat kathaṃcana na gṛhṇīyāt
yāvat āhārayet tāvat pratigṛhṇīta na anyathā
21. One should not accept anything beyond a mere morsel of food and covering (clothing), under any circumstances. One should accept only as much as is necessary for sustenance, and no more.
परेभ्यो न प्रतिग्राह्यं न च देयं कदाचन ।
दैन्यभावाच्च भूतानां संविभज्य सदा बुधः ॥२२॥
22. parebhyo na pratigrāhyaṁ na ca deyaṁ kadācana ,
dainyabhāvācca bhūtānāṁ saṁvibhajya sadā budhaḥ.
22. parebhyaḥ na pratigrāhyam na ca deyam kadācana
dainyabhāvāt ca bhūtānām saṃvibhajya sadā budhaḥ
22. parebhyaḥ na pratigrāhyam ca kadācana na deyam
budhaḥ bhūtānām dainyabhāvāt ca sadā saṃvibhajya
22. A wise person (budha) should never accept anything from others, nor should anything (beyond what is essential) be given at any time. Yet, always considering the pitiable state of living beings, the wise one should distribute (what is fitting).
नाददीत परस्वानि न गृह्णीयादयाचितम् ।
न किंचिद्विषयं भुक्त्वा स्पृहयेत्तस्य वै पुनः ॥२३॥
23. nādadīta parasvāni na gṛhṇīyādayācitam ,
na kiṁcidviṣayaṁ bhuktvā spṛhayettasya vai punaḥ.
23. na adadīta parasvāni na gṛhṇīyāt ayācitam na
kiṃcit viṣayam bhuktvā spṛhayet tasya vai punaḥ
23. na parasvāni adadīta na ayācitam gṛhṇīyāt na
kiṃcit viṣayam bhuktvā tasya punaḥ vai spṛhayet
23. One should not take what belongs to others, nor should one accept what is not offered. Having once experienced any sense object, one should not long for it again.
मृदमापस्तथाश्मानं पत्रपुष्पफलानि च ।
असंवृतानि गृह्णीयात्प्रवृत्तानीह कार्यवान् ॥२४॥
24. mṛdamāpastathāśmānaṁ patrapuṣpaphalāni ca ,
asaṁvṛtāni gṛhṇīyātpravṛttānīha kāryavān.
24. mṛdam āpaḥ tathā aśmānam patrapuṣpaphalāni ca
asaṃvṛtāni gṛhṇīyāt pravṛttāni iha kāryavān
24. kāryavān mṛdam āpaḥ tathā aśmānam patrapuṣpaphalāni
ca asaṃvṛtāni iha pravṛttāni gṛhṇīyāt
24. A person engaged in their duties may take earth, water, stones, and leaves, flowers, and fruits, even if not explicitly presented, provided they are readily available.
न शिल्पजीविकां जीवेद्द्विरन्नं नोत कामयेत् ।
न द्वेष्टा नोपदेष्टा च भवेत निरुपस्कृतः ।
श्रद्धापूतानि भुञ्जीत निमित्तानि विवर्जयेत् ॥२५॥
25. na śilpajīvikāṁ jīveddvirannaṁ nota kāmayet ,
na dveṣṭā nopadeṣṭā ca bhaveta nirupaskṛtaḥ ,
śraddhāpūtāni bhuñjīta nimittāni vivarjayet.
25. na śilpajīvikām jīvet dvi-annam na
uta kāmayet na dveṣṭā na upadeṣṭā
ca bhavet nirupaskṛtaḥ śraddhāpūtāni
bhuñjīta nimittāni vivarjayet
25. na śilpajīvikām jīvet na uta
dvi-annam kāmayet na dveṣṭā na upadeṣṭā
ca nirupaskṛtaḥ bhavet śraddhāpūtāni
bhuñjīta nimittāni vivarjayet
25. One should not live by a craft, nor should one desire double food. One should not be an enemy or an instructor, but rather remain free from external help or embellishment. One should consume food purified by faith (śraddhā) and avoid ominous signs.
मुधावृत्तिरसक्तश्च सर्वभूतैरसंविदम् ।
कृत्वा वह्निं चरेद्भैक्ष्यं विधूमे भुक्तवज्जने ॥२६॥
26. mudhāvṛttirasaktaśca sarvabhūtairasaṁvidam ,
kṛtvā vahniṁ caredbhaikṣyaṁ vidhūme bhuktavajjane.
26. mudhāvṛttiḥ asaktaḥ ca sarvabhūtaiḥ asaṃvidam
kṛtvā vahnim caret bhaikṣyam vidhūme bhuktavajjane
26. mudhāvṛttiḥ asaktaḥ ca sarvabhūtaiḥ asaṃvidam
kṛtvā vahnim vidhūme bhuktavajjane bhaikṣyam caret
26. Having performed the fire (vahni) ritual, one should wander for alms when the smoke has ceased and people have finished their meals, living without a definite occupation, detached, and without specific social interaction with all beings.
वृत्ते शरावसंपाते भैक्ष्यं लिप्सेत मोक्षवित् ।
लाभे न च प्रहृष्येत नालाभे विमना भवेत् ॥२७॥
27. vṛtte śarāvasaṁpāte bhaikṣyaṁ lipseta mokṣavit ,
lābhe na ca prahṛṣyeta nālābhe vimanā bhavet.
27. vṛtte śarāvasaṃpāte bhaikṣyam lipsīta mokṣavit
lābhe na ca prahṛṣyeta na alābhe vimanāḥ bhavet
27. mokṣavit śarāvasaṃpāte vṛtte bhaikṣyam lipsīta
lābhe na prahṛṣyeta ca alābhe na vimanāḥ bhavet
27. After the alms have been collected in the bowl, the knower of liberation (mokṣa) should accept them. One should neither rejoice upon receiving alms nor become dejected upon not receiving them.
मात्राशी कालमाकाङ्क्षंश्चरेद्भैक्ष्यं समाहितः ।
लाभं साधारणं नेच्छेन्न भुञ्जीताभिपूजितः ।
अभिपूजितलाभाद्धि विजुगुप्सेत भिक्षुकः ॥२८॥
28. mātrāśī kālamākāṅkṣaṁścaredbhaikṣyaṁ samāhitaḥ ,
lābhaṁ sādhāraṇaṁ necchenna bhuñjītābhipūjitaḥ ,
abhipūjitalābhāddhi vijugupseta bhikṣukaḥ.
28. mātrāśī kālam ākāṅkṣan ca caret
bhaikṣyam samāhitaḥ lābham sādhāraṇam na
icchet na bhuñjīta abhipūjitaḥ
abhipūjitalābhāt hi vijugupseta bhikṣukaḥ
28. mātrāśī ca kālam ākāṅkṣan samāhitaḥ
bhaikṣyam caret lābham sādhāraṇam na
icchet ca abhipūjitaḥ na bhuñjīta hi
bhikṣukaḥ abhipūjitalābhāt vijugupseta
28. Eating in moderation and awaiting the opportune moment, one should seek alms with a concentrated mind. One should not desire ordinary worldly gain, nor should one eat when highly honored. Indeed, a mendicant should feel aversion towards any gain obtained through being honored.
शुक्तान्यम्लानि तिक्तानि कषायकटुकानि च ।
नास्वादयीत भुञ्जानो रसांश्च मधुरांस्तथा ।
यात्रामात्रं च भुञ्जीत केवलं प्राणयात्रिकम् ॥२९॥
29. śuktānyamlāni tiktāni kaṣāyakaṭukāni ca ,
nāsvādayīta bhuñjāno rasāṁśca madhurāṁstathā ,
yātrāmātraṁ ca bhuñjīta kevalaṁ prāṇayātrikam.
29. śuktāni amlāni tiktāni kaṣāyakaṭukāni
ca na āsvādayīta bhuñjānaḥ
rasān ca madhurān tathā yātrāmātram
ca bhuñjīta kevalam prāṇayātrikam
29. bhuñjānaḥ śuktāni amlāni tiktāni
kaṣāyakaṭukāni ca rasān ca madhurān
tathā na āsvādayīta ca yātrāmātram
kevalam prāṇayātrikam bhuñjīta
29. While eating, one should not savor fermented, sour, bitter, astringent, or pungent tastes, nor sweet tastes. One should eat only for sustenance, solely for the maintenance of life.
असंरोधेन भूतानां वृत्तिं लिप्सेत मोक्षवित् ।
न चान्यमनुभिक्षेत भिक्षमाणः कथंचन ॥३०॥
30. asaṁrodhena bhūtānāṁ vṛttiṁ lipseta mokṣavit ,
na cānyamanubhikṣeta bhikṣamāṇaḥ kathaṁcana.
30. asaṃrodhena bhūtānām vṛttim lipsīta mokṣavit
na ca anyam anubhikṣeta bhikṣamāṇaḥ kathaṃcana
30. mokṣavit bhūtānām asaṃrodhena vṛttim lipsīta
ca bhikṣamāṇaḥ anyam kathaṃcana na anubhikṣeta
30. The knower of liberation (mokṣa) should seek sustenance without causing harm to any beings. And while engaged in begging, one should never beg again from another person.
न संनिकाशयेद्धर्मं विविक्ते विरजाश्चरेत् ।
शून्यागारमरण्यं वा वृक्षमूलं नदीं तथा ।
प्रतिश्रयार्थं सेवेत पार्वतीं वा पुनर्गुहाम् ॥३१॥
31. na saṁnikāśayeddharmaṁ vivikte virajāścaret ,
śūnyāgāramaraṇyaṁ vā vṛkṣamūlaṁ nadīṁ tathā ,
pratiśrayārthaṁ seveta pārvatīṁ vā punarguhām.
31. na saṃnikāśayet dharmam vivikte
virajāḥ caret śūnyāgāram araṇyam vā
vṛkṣamūlam nadīm tathā pratiśrayārtham
seveta pārvatīm vā punar guhām
31. virajāḥ vivikte dharmam na saṃnikāśayet
śūnyāgāram vā araṇyam vā
vṛkṣamūlam tathā nadīm vā punar
pārvatīm guhām pratiśrayārtham seveta
31. One should not publicize their spiritual practice (dharma). A person free from worldly attachments should wander in a solitary place, taking shelter in an empty house, a forest, at the foot of a tree, by a river, or a mountain (region), or again, a cave.
ग्रामैकरात्रिको ग्रीष्मे वर्षास्वेकत्र वा वसेत् ।
अध्वा सूर्येण निर्दिष्टः कीटवच्च चरेन्महीम् ॥३२॥
32. grāmaikarātriko grīṣme varṣāsvekatra vā vaset ,
adhvā sūryeṇa nirdiṣṭaḥ kīṭavacca carenmahīm.
32. grāmaikarātrikaḥ grīṣme varṣāsu ekatra vā vaset
adhvā sūryeṇa nirdiṣṭaḥ kīṭavat ca caret mahīm
32. grīṣme grāmaikarātrikaḥ vaset vā varṣāsu ekatra
vaset sūryeṇa adhvā nirdiṣṭaḥ ca kīṭavat mahīm caret
32. During summer, one should stay for only one night in a village, or during the rainy season, one should reside in a single place. Their travel path should be guided by the sun, and they should wander the earth like an insect.
दयार्थं चैव भूतानां समीक्ष्य पृथिवीं चरेत् ।
संचयांश्च न कुर्वीत स्नेहवासं च वर्जयेत् ॥३३॥
33. dayārthaṁ caiva bhūtānāṁ samīkṣya pṛthivīṁ caret ,
saṁcayāṁśca na kurvīta snehavāsaṁ ca varjayet.
33. dayārtham ca eva bhūtānām samīkṣya pṛthivīm caret
saṃcayān ca na kurvīta snehavāsam ca varjayet
33. eva ca bhūtānām dayārtham samīkṣya pṛthivīm caret
ca saṃcayān na kurvīta ca snehavāsam varjayet
33. Indeed, out of compassion for all living beings, one should wander the earth carefully, having first surveyed the ground. One should not accumulate possessions, and one should avoid dwelling in attachment.
पूतेन चाम्भसा नित्यं कार्यं कुर्वीत मोक्षवित् ।
उपस्पृशेदुद्धृताभिरद्भिश्च पुरुषः सदा ॥३४॥
34. pūtena cāmbhasā nityaṁ kāryaṁ kurvīta mokṣavit ,
upaspṛśeduddhṛtābhiradbhiśca puruṣaḥ sadā.
34. pūtena ca ambhasā nityam kāryam kurvīta mokṣavit
upaspr̥śet uddhṛtābhiḥ adbhiḥ ca puruṣaḥ sadā
34. mokṣavit pūtena ambhasā ca nityam kāryam kurvīta
puruṣaḥ ca uddhṛtābhiḥ adbhiḥ sadā upaspr̥śet
34. One who understands liberation (mokṣa) should always perform their duties with pure water. A person (puruṣa) should always perform ritual purification by touching or sipping water that has been drawn (from a source).
अहिंसा ब्रह्मचर्यं च सत्यमार्जवमेव च ।
अक्रोधश्चानसूया च दमो नित्यमपैशुनम् ॥३५॥
35. ahiṁsā brahmacaryaṁ ca satyamārjavameva ca ,
akrodhaścānasūyā ca damo nityamapaiśunam.
35. ahiṃsā brahmacaryam ca satyam ārjavam eva ca
akrodhaḥ ca anasūyā ca damaḥ nityam apaiśunam
35. Non-violence (ahiṃsā), celibacy (brahmacarya), truthfulness, straightforwardness, freedom from anger, absence of envy, self-control, and constant absence of malice.
अष्टास्वेतेषु युक्तः स्याद्व्रतेषु नियतेन्द्रियः ।
अपापमशठं वृत्तमजिह्मं नित्यमाचरेत् ॥३६॥
36. aṣṭāsveteṣu yuktaḥ syādvrateṣu niyatendriyaḥ ,
apāpamaśaṭhaṁ vṛttamajihmaṁ nityamācaret.
36. aṣṭāsu eteṣu yuktaḥ syāt vrateṣu niyatendriyaḥ
apāpam aśaṭham vṛttam ajihmam nityam ācaret
36. With senses controlled, one should be committed to these eight vows. One should always engage in conduct that is sinless, free from deceit, and honest.
आशीर्युक्तानि कर्माणि हिंसायुक्तानि यानि च ।
लोकसंग्रहधर्मं च नैव कुर्यान्न कारयेत् ॥३७॥
37. āśīryuktāni karmāṇi hiṁsāyuktāni yāni ca ,
lokasaṁgrahadharmaṁ ca naiva kuryānna kārayet.
37. āśīryuktāni karmāṇi hiṃsāyuktāni yāni ca
lokasaṃgraha-dharmam ca na eva kuryāt na kārayet
37. One should neither perform nor cause to be performed actions (karma) that are motivated by wishes or involve violence, nor the intrinsic nature (dharma) of maintaining social cohesion.
सर्वभावानतिक्रम्य लघुमात्रः परिव्रजेत् ।
समः सर्वेषु भूतेषु स्थावरेषु चरेषु च ॥३८॥
38. sarvabhāvānatikramya laghumātraḥ parivrajet ,
samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu sthāvareṣu careṣu ca.
38. sarvabhāvān atikramya laghumātraḥ parivrajet
samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu sthāvareṣu careṣu ca
38. Having transcended all states of being, one should wander (as an ascetic, parivrājaka) with very few possessions, treating all beings equally, whether they are stationary or moving.
परं नोद्वेजयेत्कंचिन्न च कस्यचिदुद्विजेत् ।
विश्वास्यः सर्वभूतानामग्र्यो मोक्षविदुच्यते ॥३९॥
39. paraṁ nodvejayetkaṁcinna ca kasyacidudvijet ,
viśvāsyaḥ sarvabhūtānāmagryo mokṣaviducyate.
39. param na udvejayet kaṃcit na ca kasyacit udvijet
viśvāsyaḥ sarvabhūtānām agryaḥ mokṣavit ucyate
39. One should not distress anyone, nor should one be distressed by anyone. Such a person, trustworthy to all beings and foremost, is called a knower of liberation (mokṣa).
अनागतं च न ध्यायेन्नातीतमनुचिन्तयेत् ।
वर्तमानमुपेक्षेत कालाकाङ्क्षी समाहितः ॥४०॥
40. anāgataṁ ca na dhyāyennātītamanucintayet ,
vartamānamupekṣeta kālākāṅkṣī samāhitaḥ.
40. anāgatam ca na dhyāyet na atītam anucintayet
vartamānam upekṣeta kālākāṅkṣī samāhitaḥ
40. One should not contemplate what is yet to come, nor dwell on what has passed. Composed and awaiting the opportune moment, one should remain detached from the present.
न चक्षुषा न मनसा न वाचा दूषयेत्क्वचित् ।
न प्रत्यक्षं परोक्षं वा किंचिद्दुष्टं समाचरेत् ॥४१॥
41. na cakṣuṣā na manasā na vācā dūṣayetkvacit ,
na pratyakṣaṁ parokṣaṁ vā kiṁcidduṣṭaṁ samācaret.
41. na cakṣuṣā na manasā na vācā dūṣayet kvacit na
pratyakṣam parokṣam vā kiṃcit duṣṭam samācaret
41. One should never find fault with anyone by sight, by mind, or by speech. Nor should one commit any wrongful act, whether overtly or covertly.
इन्द्रियाण्युपसंहृत्य कूर्मोऽङ्गानीव सर्वशः ।
क्षीणेन्द्रियमनोबुद्धिर्निरीक्षेत निरिन्द्रियः ॥४२॥
42. indriyāṇyupasaṁhṛtya kūrmo'ṅgānīva sarvaśaḥ ,
kṣīṇendriyamanobuddhirnirīkṣeta nirindriyaḥ.
42. indriyāṇi upasaṃhṛtya kūrmaḥ aṅgāni iva sarvaśaḥ
kṣīṇendriyamanobuddhiḥ nirīkṣeta nirindriyaḥ
42. Just as a tortoise withdraws all its limbs, so too, having completely withdrawn the senses, one should observe, with senses, mind, and intellect subdued, as if free from the senses.
निर्द्वंद्वो निर्नमस्कारो निःस्वाहाकार एव च ।
निर्ममो निरहंकारो निर्योगक्षेम एव च ॥४३॥
43. nirdvaṁdvo nirnamaskāro niḥsvāhākāra eva ca ,
nirmamo nirahaṁkāro niryogakṣema eva ca.
43. nirdvandvaḥ nirnamaskāraḥ niḥsvāhākāraḥ eva
ca nirmamaḥ nirahaṅkāraḥ niryogakṣemaḥ eva ca
43. nirdvandvaḥ nirnamaskāraḥ niḥsvāhākāraḥ eva
ca nirmamaḥ nirahaṅkāraḥ niryogakṣemaḥ eva ca
43. One who is free from pairs of opposites, free from formal salutations, and also free from the utterance of "svāhā" during Vedic rituals; one who is free from possessiveness, free from ego (ahaṅkāra), and also free from worries about acquisition and preservation.
निराशीः सर्वभूतेषु निरासङ्गो निराश्रयः ।
सर्वज्ञः सर्वतो मुक्तो मुच्यते नात्र संशयः ॥४४॥
44. nirāśīḥ sarvabhūteṣu nirāsaṅgo nirāśrayaḥ ,
sarvajñaḥ sarvato mukto mucyate nātra saṁśayaḥ.
44. nirāśīḥ sarvabhūteṣu nirāsaṅgaḥ nirāśrayaḥ
sarvajñaḥ sarvataḥ muktaḥ mucyate na atra saṃśayaḥ
44. nirāśīḥ sarvabhūteṣu nirāsaṅgaḥ nirāśrayaḥ
sarvajñaḥ sarvataḥ muktaḥ mucyate atra saṃśayaḥ na
44. One who is without expectations from all beings, unattached, and without (external) support; such an all-knowing, completely liberated one is indeed freed - there is no doubt about this.
अपाणिपादपृष्ठं तमशिरस्कमनूदरम् ।
प्रहीणगुणकर्माणं केवलं विमलं स्थिरम् ॥४५॥
45. apāṇipādapṛṣṭhaṁ tamaśiraskamanūdaram ,
prahīṇaguṇakarmāṇaṁ kevalaṁ vimalaṁ sthiram.
45. apāṇipādapṛṣṭham tam aśiraskam anūdaram
prahīṇaguṇakarmāṇam kevalam vimalam sthiram
45. tam apāṇipādapṛṣṭham aśiraskam anūdaram
prahīṇaguṇakarmāṇam kevalam vimalam sthiram
45. That which is without hands, feet, or back, without a head, and without a belly; that which is devoid of (material) qualities (guṇa) and actions (karma), which is absolute, pure, and stable.
अगन्धरसमस्पर्शमरूपाशब्दमेव च ।
अत्वगस्थ्यथ वामज्जममांसमपि चैव ह ॥४६॥
46. agandharasamasparśamarūpāśabdameva ca ,
atvagasthyatha vāmajjamamāṁsamapi caiva ha.
46. agandharasamasparśam arūpāśabdam eva ca
atvagasthi atha vā amajjam amāṃsam api ca eva ha
46. agandharasamasparśam arūpāśabdam eva ca
atvagasthi atha vā amajjam amāṃsam api ca eva ha
46. And also that which is without smell, taste, or touch; without form or sound; without skin, bones, or marrow; and indeed, it is also without flesh.
निश्चिन्तमव्ययं नित्यं हृदिस्थमपि नित्यदा ।
सर्वभूतस्थमात्मानं ये पश्यन्ति न ते मृताः ॥४७॥
47. niścintamavyayaṁ nityaṁ hṛdisthamapi nityadā ,
sarvabhūtasthamātmānaṁ ye paśyanti na te mṛtāḥ.
47. niścintam avyayam nityam hṛdistham api nityadā
sarvabhūtastham ātmānam ye paśyanti na te mṛtāḥ
47. ye niścintam avyayam nityam hṛdistham api nityadā
sarvabhūtastham ātmānam paśyanti te na mṛtāḥ
47. Those who perceive the self (ātman) that is free from worry, imperishable, and eternal, dwelling constantly in the heart and in all beings - they are not subject to death.
न तत्र क्रमते बुद्धिर्नेन्द्रियाणि न देवताः ।
वेदा यज्ञाश्च लोकाश्च न तपो न पराक्रमः ।
यत्र ज्ञानवतां प्राप्तिरलिङ्गग्रहणा स्मृता ॥४८॥
48. na tatra kramate buddhirnendriyāṇi na devatāḥ ,
vedā yajñāśca lokāśca na tapo na parākramaḥ ,
yatra jñānavatāṁ prāptiraliṅgagrahaṇā smṛtā.
48. na tatra kramate buddhiḥ na indriyāṇi
na devatāḥ vedāḥ yajñāḥ ca lokāḥ
ca na tapaḥ na parākramaḥ yatra
jñānavatām prāptiḥ aliṅgagrahaṇā smṛtā
48. yatra jñānavatām aliṅgagrahaṇā prāptiḥ
smṛtā tatra buddhiḥ na kramate na
indriyāṇi na devatāḥ na vedāḥ na yajñāḥ
ca na lokāḥ ca na tapaḥ na parākramaḥ
48. To that [supreme reality], neither the intellect (buddhi) nor the senses nor the deities can approach. Neither the Vedas, nor Vedic rituals (yajña), nor the [heavenly] worlds, nor asceticism (tapas), nor prowess can attain it. That is remembered as the attainment of the wise, characterized by the apprehension of the unmanifest.
तस्मादलिङ्गो धर्मज्ञो धर्मव्रतमनुव्रतः ।
गूढधर्माश्रितो विद्वानज्ञातचरितं चरेत् ॥४९॥
49. tasmādaliṅgo dharmajño dharmavratamanuvrataḥ ,
gūḍhadharmāśrito vidvānajñātacaritaṁ caret.
49. tasmāt aliṅgaḥ dharmajñaḥ dharmavratam anuvrataḥ
gūḍhadharmāśritaḥ vidvān ajñātacaritam caret
49. tasmāt aliṅgaḥ dharmajñaḥ dharmavratam anuvrataḥ
gūḍhadharmāśritaḥ vidvān ajñātacaritam caret
49. Therefore, a wise person (vidvān) who is beyond manifest qualities, a knower of natural law (dharma), dedicated to the observance of natural law (dharma), and one who has resorted to profound natural law (dharma), should lead a life (carita) of unknown conduct.
अमूढो मूढरूपेण चरेद्धर्ममदूषयन् ।
यथैनमवमन्येरन्परे सततमेव हि ॥५०॥
50. amūḍho mūḍharūpeṇa careddharmamadūṣayan ,
yathainamavamanyeranpare satatameva hi.
50. amūḍhaḥ mūḍharūpeṇa caret dharmam adūṣayan
yathā enam avamanyeran pare satatam eva hi
50. amūḍhaḥ mūḍharūpeṇa dharmam adūṣayan caret
yathā pare enam satatam eva hi avamanyeran
50. Though undeluded, one should live in the guise of a fool, without violating natural law (dharma), so that others may indeed constantly disrespect him.
तथावृत्तश्चरेद्धर्मं सतां वर्त्माविदूषयन् ।
यो ह्येवं वृत्तसंपन्नः स मुनिः श्रेष्ठ उच्यते ॥५१॥
51. tathāvṛttaścareddharmaṁ satāṁ vartmāvidūṣayan ,
yo hyevaṁ vṛttasaṁpannaḥ sa muniḥ śreṣṭha ucyate.
51. tathāvṛttaḥ caret dharmam satām vartma avidūṣayan
yaḥ hi evam vṛttasampannaḥ saḥ muniḥ śreṣṭhaḥ ucyate
51. yaḥ tathāvṛttaḥ satām vartma avidūṣayan dharmam caret
hi evaṃ vṛttasampannaḥ saḥ śreṣṭhaḥ muniḥ ucyate
51. One should practice the natural law (dharma), conducting oneself in a way that does not corrupt the path of the virtuous. Indeed, whoever is thus endowed with excellent character is declared to be the most excellent sage (muni).
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थांश्च महाभूतानि पञ्च च ।
मनोबुद्धिरथात्मानमव्यक्तं पुरुषं तथा ॥५२॥
52. indriyāṇīndriyārthāṁśca mahābhūtāni pañca ca ,
manobuddhirathātmānamavyaktaṁ puruṣaṁ tathā.
52. indriyāṇi indriyārthān ca mahābhūtāni pañca ca
manas buddhiḥ atha ātmānam avyaktam puruṣam tathā
52. indriyāṇi indriyārthān ca pañca mahābhūtāni ca
manas buddhiḥ atha ātmānam avyaktam puruṣam tathā
52. The senses, and the objects of the senses, as well as the five great elements, then the mind, the intellect, the individual consciousness (ātman), the unmanifest (avyakta), and the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa).
सर्वमेतत्प्रसंख्याय सम्यक्संत्यज्य निर्मलः ।
ततः स्वर्गमवाप्नोति विमुक्तः सर्वबन्धनैः ॥५३॥
53. sarvametatprasaṁkhyāya samyaksaṁtyajya nirmalaḥ ,
tataḥ svargamavāpnoti vimuktaḥ sarvabandhanaiḥ.
53. sarvam etat prasaṃkhyāya samyak saṃtyajya nirmalaḥ
tataḥ svargam avāpnoti vimuktaḥ sarvabandhanaiḥ
53. sarvam etat prasaṃkhyāya samyak saṃtyajya nirmalaḥ
tataḥ sarvabandhanaiḥ vimuktaḥ svargam avāpnoti
53. Having thoroughly discerned all these (elements from the previous verse) and completely abandoned them, a person becomes pure. Thereafter, liberated from all bonds, they attain heaven.
एतदेवान्तवेलायां परिसंख्याय तत्त्ववित् ।
ध्यायेदेकान्तमास्थाय मुच्यतेऽथ निराश्रयः ॥५४॥
54. etadevāntavelāyāṁ parisaṁkhyāya tattvavit ,
dhyāyedekāntamāsthāya mucyate'tha nirāśrayaḥ.
54. etat eva antavelāyām parisaṃkhyāya tattvavit
dhyāyet ekāntam āsthāya mucyate atha nirāśrayaḥ
54. tattvavit antavelāyām etat eva parisaṃkhyāya
ekāntam āsthāya dhyāyet atha nirāśrayaḥ mucyate
54. A knower of truth (tattvavit), having indeed fully discerned this (reality) at the final hour, should meditate by resorting to a secluded place. Then, becoming unsupported and independent, such a person achieves liberation (mokṣa).
निर्मुक्तः सर्वसङ्गेभ्यो वायुराकाशगो यथा ।
क्षीणकोशो निरातङ्कः प्राप्नोति परमं पदम् ॥५५॥
55. nirmuktaḥ sarvasaṅgebhyo vāyurākāśago yathā ,
kṣīṇakośo nirātaṅkaḥ prāpnoti paramaṁ padam.
55. nirmuktaḥ sarvasaṅgebhyaḥ vāyuḥ ākāśagaḥ yathā
kṣīṇakośaḥ nirātaṅkaḥ prāpnoti paramaṃ padam
55. yathā vāyuḥ ākāśagaḥ [asti],
[tathā yaḥ] sarvasaṅgebhyaḥ nirmuktaḥ,
kṣīṇakośaḥ,
nirātaṅkaḥ [saḥ] paramaṃ padam prāpnoti.
55. Just as the wind moves freely in the sky, so too one who is completely freed from all attachments, whose ego-sense (kośa) is diminished, and who is free from fear, attains the supreme state.