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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-104

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जनमेजय उवाच ।
अनर्थे जातनिर्बन्धं परार्थे लोभमोहितम् ।
अनार्यकेष्वभिरतं मरणे कृतनिश्चयम् ॥१॥
1. janamejaya uvāca ,
anarthe jātanirbandhaṁ parārthe lobhamohitam ,
anāryakeṣvabhirataṁ maraṇe kṛtaniścayam.
1. janamejaya uvāca anarthe jātanirbandham parārthe
lobhamohitam anāryakeṣu abhiratam maraṇe kṛtaniścayam
1. Janamejaya said: (He was) one who was stubbornly persistent in harmful pursuits, deluded by greed regarding others' interests, delighted in ignoble actions, and resolute in facing death.
ज्ञातीनां दुःखकर्तारं बन्धूनां शोकवर्धनम् ।
सुहृदां क्लेशदातारं द्विषतां हर्षवर्धनम् ॥२॥
2. jñātīnāṁ duḥkhakartāraṁ bandhūnāṁ śokavardhanam ,
suhṛdāṁ kleśadātāraṁ dviṣatāṁ harṣavardhanam.
2. jñātīnām duḥkhakartāram bandhūnām śokavardhanam
suhṛdām kleśadātāram dviṣatām harṣavardhanam
2. [This describes] the one who causes sorrow to [his] relatives, increases the grief of [his] kinsmen, gives trouble to [his] friends, and causes joy to [his] enemies.
कथं नैनं विमार्गस्थं वारयन्तीह बान्धवाः ।
सौहृदाद्वा सुहृत्स्निग्धो भगवान्वा पितामहः ॥३॥
3. kathaṁ nainaṁ vimārgasthaṁ vārayantīha bāndhavāḥ ,
sauhṛdādvā suhṛtsnigdho bhagavānvā pitāmahaḥ.
3. katham na enam vimārgastham vārayanti iha bāndhavāḥ
sauhṛdāt vā suhṛt snigdhaḥ bhagavān vā pitāmahaḥ
3. Why do [his] kinsmen here not restrain him, who is on the wrong path? Or why does a loving friend not restrain him out of affection (sauhṛda), or the venerable Grandfather (Bhīṣma)?
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
उक्तं भगवता वाक्यमुक्तं भीष्मेण यत्क्षमम् ।
उक्तं बहुविधं चैव नारदेनापि तच्छृणु ॥४॥
4. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
uktaṁ bhagavatā vākyamuktaṁ bhīṣmeṇa yatkṣamam ,
uktaṁ bahuvidhaṁ caiva nāradenāpi tacchṛṇu.
4. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca uktam bhagavatā vākyam uktam bhīṣmeṇa
yat kṣamam uktam bahuvidham ca eva nāradena api tat śṛṇu
4. Vaiśampāyana said: You have heard the words spoken by the revered Lord (bhagavat), and what Bhīṣma spoke that was appropriate (kṣamam). Now, listen to that which Nārada also spoke in many ways.
नारद उवाच ।
दुर्लभो वै सुहृच्छ्रोता दुर्लभश्च हितः सुहृत् ।
तिष्ठते हि सुहृद्यत्र न बन्धुस्तत्र तिष्ठति ॥५॥
5. nārada uvāca ,
durlabho vai suhṛcchrotā durlabhaśca hitaḥ suhṛt ,
tiṣṭhate hi suhṛdyatra na bandhustatra tiṣṭhati.
5. nārada uvāca durlabhaḥ vai suhṛt śrotā durlabhaḥ ca hitaḥ
suhṛt tiṣṭhate hi suhṛt yatra na bandhuḥ tatra tiṣṭhati
5. Nārada said: Truly, a sympathetic listener is rare, and a beneficial friend (suhṛd) is also rare. Indeed, where a true friend (suhṛd) stands firm, a [mere] kinsman (bandhu) does not stand firm there [in the same way].
श्रोतव्यमपि पश्यामि सुहृदां कुरुनन्दन ।
न कर्तव्यश्च निर्बन्धो निर्बन्धो हि सुदारुणः ॥६॥
6. śrotavyamapi paśyāmi suhṛdāṁ kurunandana ,
na kartavyaśca nirbandho nirbandho hi sudāruṇaḥ.
6. śrotavyam api paśyāmi suhṛdām kurunandana na
kartavyaḥ ca nirbandhaḥ nirbandhaḥ hi sudāruṇaḥ
6. O descendant of Kuru, I recognize that what is said by friends should also be heard. Furthermore, insistence (nirbandha) should not be made, for insistence (nirbandha) is indeed very severe.
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
यथा निर्बन्धतः प्राप्तो गालवेन पराजयः ॥७॥
7. atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
yathā nirbandhataḥ prāpto gālavena parājayaḥ.
7. atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
yathā nirbandhataḥ prāptaḥ gālavenā parājayaḥ
7. In this regard, they also cite this ancient legend (itihāsa): how Gālava suffered defeat because of insistence (nirbandha).
विश्वामित्रं तपस्यन्तं धर्मो जिज्ञासया पुरा ।
अभ्यगच्छत्स्वयं भूत्वा वसिष्ठो भगवानृषिः ॥८॥
8. viśvāmitraṁ tapasyantaṁ dharmo jijñāsayā purā ,
abhyagacchatsvayaṁ bhūtvā vasiṣṭho bhagavānṛṣiḥ.
8. viśvāmitram tapasyantam dharmaḥ jijñāsayā purā
abhyagacchat svayam bhūtvā vasiṣṭhaḥ bhagavān ṛṣiḥ
8. In ancient times, the intrinsic nature (dharma), out of curiosity, approached Viśvāmitra, who was performing asceticism (tapas). This intrinsic nature (dharma) had taken the form of the divine sage Vasiṣṭha himself.
सप्तर्षीणामन्यतमं वेषमास्थाय भारत ।
बुभुक्षुः क्षुधितो राजन्नाश्रमं कौशिकस्य ह ॥९॥
9. saptarṣīṇāmanyatamaṁ veṣamāsthāya bhārata ,
bubhukṣuḥ kṣudhito rājannāśramaṁ kauśikasya ha.
9. saptarṣīṇām anyatamam veṣam āsthāya bhārata
bubhukṣuḥ kṣudhitaḥ rājan āśramam kauśikasya ha
9. O Bhārata, having assumed the guise of one of the seven sages (Saptarṣi), and feeling very hungry, O King, he indeed went to the hermitage (āśrama) of Kauśika (Viśvāmitra).
विश्वामित्रोऽथ संभ्रान्तः श्रपयामास वै चरुम् ।
परमान्नस्य यत्नेन न च स प्रत्यपालयत् ॥१०॥
10. viśvāmitro'tha saṁbhrāntaḥ śrapayāmāsa vai carum ,
paramānnasya yatnena na ca sa pratyapālayat.
10. viśvāmitraḥ atha saṃbhrāntaḥ śrapayāmāsa vai
carum paramānṇasya yatnena na ca saḥ pratyapālayat
10. Then, Viśvāmitra, agitated, diligently cooked the sacred porridge (caru). But he did not wait (for it to be ready/cool).
अन्नं तेन यदा भुक्तमन्यैर्दत्तं तपस्विभिः ।
अथ गृह्यान्नमत्युष्णं विश्वामित्रोऽभ्युपागमत् ॥११॥
11. annaṁ tena yadā bhuktamanyairdattaṁ tapasvibhiḥ ,
atha gṛhyānnamatyuṣṇaṁ viśvāmitro'bhyupāgamat.
11. annam tena yadā bhuktam anyaiḥ dattam tapasvibhiḥ
atha gṛhya annam atyuṣṇam viśvāmitraḥ abhyupāgamat
11. When he had eaten food given by other ascetics, Viśvāmitra then took his very hot food and approached.
भुक्तं मे तिष्ठ तावत्त्वमित्युक्त्वा भगवान्ययौ ।
विश्वामित्रस्ततो राजन्स्थित एव महाद्युतिः ॥१२॥
12. bhuktaṁ me tiṣṭha tāvattvamityuktvā bhagavānyayau ,
viśvāmitrastato rājansthita eva mahādyutiḥ.
12. bhuktam me tiṣṭha tāvat tvam iti uktvā bhagavān
yayau viśvāmitraḥ tataḥ rājan sthitaḥ eva mahādyutiḥ
12. 'I have eaten; you wait for now,' saying this, the revered one (bhagavān) departed. Then, O King, the greatly radiant Viśvāmitra remained standing right there.
भक्तं प्रगृह्य मूर्ध्ना तद्बाहुभ्यां पार्श्वतोऽगमत् ।
स्थितः स्थाणुरिवाभ्याशे निश्चेष्टो मारुताशनः ॥१३॥
13. bhaktaṁ pragṛhya mūrdhnā tadbāhubhyāṁ pārśvato'gamat ,
sthitaḥ sthāṇurivābhyāśe niśceṣṭo mārutāśanaḥ.
13. bhaktam pragṛhya mūrdhnā tadbāhubhyām pārśvataḥ agamat
sthitaḥ sthāṇuḥ iva abhyāśe niśceṣṭaḥ mārutāśanaḥ
13. Having taken the food (bhakta) on his head, he went to the side, supporting it with his two arms. He stood near, motionless like a tree-trunk, subsisting on air.
तस्य शुश्रूषणे यत्नमकरोद्गालवो मुनिः ।
गौरवाद्बहुमानाच्च हार्देन प्रियकाम्यया ॥१४॥
14. tasya śuśrūṣaṇe yatnamakarodgālavo muniḥ ,
gauravādbahumānācca hārdena priyakāmyayā.
14. tasya śuśrūṣaṇe yatnam akarot gālavaḥ muniḥ
gauravāt bahumānāt ca hārdena priyakāmyayā
14. The sage Gālava diligently served him with reverence, great esteem, heartfelt affection, and the desire to please.
अथ वर्षशते पूर्णे धर्मः पुनरुपागमत् ।
वासिष्ठं वेषमास्थाय कौशिकं भोजनेप्सया ॥१५॥
15. atha varṣaśate pūrṇe dharmaḥ punarupāgamat ,
vāsiṣṭhaṁ veṣamāsthāya kauśikaṁ bhojanepsayā.
15. atha varṣaśate pūrṇe dharmaḥ punaḥ upāgamat
vāsiṣṭham veṣam āsthāya kauśikam bhojanepsayā
15. Then, after a hundred years were completed, Dharma (natural law) appeared again, assuming the guise of Vasiṣṭha, and approached Kauśika (Viśvāmitra) with the desire for food.
स दृष्ट्वा शिरसा भक्तं ध्रियमाणं महर्षिणा ।
तिष्ठता वायुभक्षेण विश्वामित्रेण धीमता ॥१६॥
16. sa dṛṣṭvā śirasā bhaktaṁ dhriyamāṇaṁ maharṣiṇā ,
tiṣṭhatā vāyubhakṣeṇa viśvāmitreṇa dhīmatā.
16. sa dṛṣṭvā śirasā bhaktam dhriyamāṇam maharṣiṇā
tiṣṭhatā vāyubhakṣeṇa viśvāmitreṇa dhīmatā
16. Having seen the devoted (Gālava), who with his head was steadfastly bearing (the burden of service), and the wise great sage Viśvāmitra, who was standing and subsisting on air...
प्रतिगृह्य ततो धर्मस्तथैवोष्णं तथा नवम् ।
भुक्त्वा प्रीतोऽस्मि विप्रर्षे तमुक्त्वा स मुनिर्गतः ॥१७॥
17. pratigṛhya tato dharmastathaivoṣṇaṁ tathā navam ,
bhuktvā prīto'smi viprarṣe tamuktvā sa munirgataḥ.
17. pratigṛhya tataḥ dharmaḥ tathā eva uṣṇam tathā navam
bhuktvā prītaḥ asmi viprarṣe tam uktvā sa muniḥ gataḥ
17. Then Dharma (natural law), having received the food - which was precisely hot and fresh - and having eaten it, said to him, "O Brahmin sage (viprarṣe), I am pleased!" With these words, that sage (Dharma) departed.
क्षत्रभावादपगतो ब्राह्मणत्वमुपागतः ।
धर्मस्य वचनात्प्रीतो विश्वामित्रस्तदाभवत् ॥१८॥
18. kṣatrabhāvādapagato brāhmaṇatvamupāgataḥ ,
dharmasya vacanātprīto viśvāmitrastadābhavat.
18. kṣatrabhāvāt apagataḥ brāhmaṇatvam upāgataḥ
dharmasya vacanāt prītaḥ viśvāmitraḥ tadā abhavat
18. Having relinquished his kṣatriya (warrior) status and attained brahminhood, Viśvāmitra then became pleased by the injunctions of natural law (dharma).
विश्वामित्रस्तु शिष्यस्य गालवस्य तपस्विनः ।
शुश्रूषया च भक्त्या च प्रीतिमानित्युवाच तम् ।
अनुज्ञातो मया वत्स यथेष्टं गच्छ गालव ॥१९॥
19. viśvāmitrastu śiṣyasya gālavasya tapasvinaḥ ,
śuśrūṣayā ca bhaktyā ca prītimānityuvāca tam ,
anujñāto mayā vatsa yatheṣṭaṁ gaccha gālava.
19. viśvāmitraḥ tu śiṣyasya gālavasya
tapasvinaḥ śuśrūṣayā ca bhaktyā ca
prītimān iti uvāca tam anujñātaḥ
mayā vatsa yatheṣṭam gaccha gālava
19. Viśvāmitra, indeed, pleased by the service and devotion (bhakti) of his ascetic disciple Gālava, then said to him: 'My dear son, Gālava, you are permitted by me, go as you desire.'
इत्युक्तः प्रत्युवाचेदं गालवो मुनिसत्तमम् ।
प्रीतो मधुरया वाचा विश्वामित्रं महाद्युतिम् ॥२०॥
20. ityuktaḥ pratyuvācedaṁ gālavo munisattamam ,
prīto madhurayā vācā viśvāmitraṁ mahādyutim.
20. iti uktaḥ pratyuvāca idam gālavaḥ munisattamam
prītaḥ madhurayā vācā viśvāmitram mahādyutim
20. Thus addressed, Gālava, delighted, replied with sweet words to Viśvāmitra, the most excellent sage (muni) of great splendor.
दक्षिणां कां प्रयच्छामि भवते गुरुकर्मणि ।
दक्षिणाभिरुपेतं हि कर्म सिध्यति मानवम् ॥२१॥
21. dakṣiṇāṁ kāṁ prayacchāmi bhavate gurukarmaṇi ,
dakṣiṇābhirupetaṁ hi karma sidhyati mānavam.
21. dakṣiṇām kām prayacchāmi bhavate gurukarmaṇi
dakṣiṇābhiḥ upetam hi karma sidhyati mānavam
21. What sacrificial fee (dakṣiṇā) shall I offer to you for the teacher's service? For indeed, a human endeavor (karma) accompanied by sacrificial fees (dakṣiṇā) is successful.
दक्षिणानां हि सृष्टानामपवर्गेण भुज्यते ।
स्वर्गे क्रतुफलं सद्भिर्दक्षिणा शान्तिरुच्यते ।
किमाहरामि गुर्वर्थं ब्रवीतु भगवानिति ॥२२॥
22. dakṣiṇānāṁ hi sṛṣṭānāmapavargeṇa bhujyate ,
svarge kratuphalaṁ sadbhirdakṣiṇā śāntirucyate ,
kimāharāmi gurvarthaṁ bravītu bhagavāniti.
22. dakṣiṇānām hi sṛṣṭānām apavargeṇa
bhujyate svarge kratuphalam sadbhiḥ
dakṣiṇā śāntiḥ ucyate kim
āharāmi gurvartham bravītu bhagavān iti
22. Indeed, the benefits of the offerings (dakṣiṇā) that have been created are enjoyed through final liberation (mokṣa). In heaven, the virtuous declare the offering (dakṣiṇā) itself to be peace (śānti), which is the fruit of a sacrifice (kratuphala). Therefore, (the disciple asks), 'What shall I bring for the sake of the (guru)? Please tell me, revered one.'
जानमानस्तु भगवाञ्जितः शुश्रूषणेन च ।
विश्वामित्रस्तमसकृद्गच्छ गच्छेत्यचोदयत् ॥२३॥
23. jānamānastu bhagavāñjitaḥ śuśrūṣaṇena ca ,
viśvāmitrastamasakṛdgaccha gacchetyacodayat.
23. jānamānaḥ tu bhagavān jitaḥ śuśrūṣaṇena ca
viśvāmitraḥ tam asakṛt gaccha gaccha iti acodayat
23. Even though he knew, the revered one (Viśvāmitra) was indeed won over by (Gālava's) dedicated service (śuśrūṣaṇa). Thus, Viśvāmitra repeatedly urged him, saying, 'Go, go!'
असकृद्गच्छ गच्छेति विश्वामित्रेण भाषितः ।
किं ददानीति बहुशो गालवः प्रत्यभाषत ॥२४॥
24. asakṛdgaccha gaccheti viśvāmitreṇa bhāṣitaḥ ,
kiṁ dadānīti bahuśo gālavaḥ pratyabhāṣata.
24. asakṛt gaccha gaccha iti viśvāmitreṇa bhāṣitaḥ
kim dadāni iti bahuśaḥ gālavaḥ pratyabhāṣata
24. When repeatedly told 'Go, go!' by Viśvāmitra, Gālava, in turn, repeatedly asked, 'What shall I give?'
निर्बन्धतस्तु बहुशो गालवस्य तपस्विनः ।
किंचिदागतसंरम्भो विश्वामित्रोऽब्रवीदिदम् ॥२५॥
25. nirbandhatastu bahuśo gālavasya tapasvinaḥ ,
kiṁcidāgatasaṁrambho viśvāmitro'bravīdidam.
25. nirbandhataḥ tu bahuśaḥ gālavasya tapasvinaḥ
kiñcit āgatasaṃrambhaḥ viśvāmitraḥ abravīt idam
25. But due to the repeated insistence of the ascetic (tapasvin) Gālava, Viśvāmitra, having become somewhat agitated, said this.
एकतःश्यामकर्णानां शतान्यष्टौ ददस्व मे ।
हयानां चन्द्रशुभ्राणां गच्छ गालव माचिरम् ॥२६॥
26. ekataḥśyāmakarṇānāṁ śatānyaṣṭau dadasva me ,
hayānāṁ candraśubhrāṇāṁ gaccha gālava māciram.
26. ekataḥ śyāmakarṇānām śatāni aṣṭau dadasva me
hayānām candraśubhrāṇām gaccha gālava mā ciram
26. Give me eight hundred horses with black ears and (eight hundred) horses as white as the moon. Gālava, go now and do not delay.