Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-213

Use the following checkboxes to set the display options for this chapter (You can also control the display of each verse separately):
what would you like to see in each verse:
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
किं कुर्वन्सुखमाप्नोति किं कुर्वन्दुःखमाप्नुते ।
किं कुर्वन्निर्भयो लोके सिद्धश्चरति भारत ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kiṁ kurvansukhamāpnoti kiṁ kurvanduḥkhamāpnute ,
kiṁ kurvannirbhayo loke siddhaścarati bhārata.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kim kurvan sukham āpnoti kim kurvan duḥkham
āpnute kim kurvan nirbhayaḥ loke siddhaḥ carati bhārata
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bhārata kim kurvan sukham āpnoti kim kurvan
duḥkham āpnute kim kurvan loke nirbhayaḥ siddhaḥ carati
1. Yudhishthira asked: 'By doing what does a person attain happiness, and by doing what does one experience sorrow? O Bhārata, by doing what does one move fearlessly in the world as a perfected being (siddha)?'
भीष्म उवाच ।
दममेव प्रशंसन्ति वृद्धाः श्रुतिसमाधयः ।
सर्वेषामेव वर्णानां ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषतः ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
damameva praśaṁsanti vṛddhāḥ śrutisamādhayaḥ ,
sarveṣāmeva varṇānāṁ brāhmaṇasya viśeṣataḥ.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca damam eva praśaṃsanti vṛddhāḥ
śrutisamādhayaḥ sarveṣām eva varṇānām brāhmaṇasya viśeṣataḥ
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca vṛddhāḥ śrutisamādhayaḥ eva damam
praśaṃsanti sarveṣām varṇānām eva brāhmaṇasya viśeṣataḥ
2. Bhishma said: 'Indeed, the elders and those whose minds are absorbed in scriptural knowledge praise self-control (dama). They consider it especially important for the Brāhmaṇa, among all social classes (varṇa).'
नादान्तस्य क्रियासिद्धिर्यथावदुपलभ्यते ।
क्रिया तपश्च वेदाश्च दमे सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥३॥
3. nādāntasya kriyāsiddhiryathāvadupalabhyate ,
kriyā tapaśca vedāśca dame sarvaṁ pratiṣṭhitam.
3. na adāntasya kriyāsiddhiḥ yathāvat upalabhyate
kriyā tapaḥ ca vedāḥ ca dame sarvam pratiṣṭhitam
3. adāntasya kriyāsiddhiḥ yathāvat na upalabhyate ca
kriyā ca tapaḥ ca vedāḥ sarvam dame pratiṣṭhitam
3. No accomplishment in action (kriyā) is properly attained by one who lacks self-control. Actions (kriyā), austerity (tapas), and the Vedas—all are founded upon self-control (dama).
दमस्तेजो वर्धयति पवित्रं दम उच्यते ।
विपाप्मा निर्भयो दान्तः पुरुषो विन्दते महत् ॥४॥
4. damastejo vardhayati pavitraṁ dama ucyate ,
vipāpmā nirbhayo dāntaḥ puruṣo vindate mahat.
4. damaḥ tejaḥ vardhayati pavitram damaḥ ucyate
vipāpmā nirbhayaḥ dāntaḥ puruṣaḥ vindate mahat
4. damaḥ tejaḥ vardhayati damaḥ pavitram ucyate
vipāpmā nirbhayaḥ dāntaḥ puruṣaḥ mahat vindate
4. Self-control (dama) enhances spiritual brilliance and is considered pure. A person (puruṣa) who is free from sin, fearless, and self-controlled achieves greatness.
सुखं दान्तः प्रस्वपिति सुखं च प्रतिबुध्यते ।
सुखं लोके विपर्येति मनश्चास्य प्रसीदति ॥५॥
5. sukhaṁ dāntaḥ prasvapiti sukhaṁ ca pratibudhyate ,
sukhaṁ loke viparyeti manaścāsya prasīdati.
5. sukham dāntaḥ prasvapiti sukham ca pratibudhyate
sukham loke viparyeti manaḥ ca asya prasīdati
5. dāntaḥ sukham prasvapiti ca sukham pratibudhyate
(saḥ) loke sukham viparyeti ca asya manaḥ prasīdati
5. The self-controlled (dānta) person sleeps peacefully and awakens peacefully. He moves through the world contentedly, and his mind becomes serene.
तेजो दमेन ध्रियते न तत्तीक्ष्णोऽधिगच्छति ।
अमित्रांश्च बहून्नित्यं पृथगात्मनि पश्यति ॥६॥
6. tejo damena dhriyate na tattīkṣṇo'dhigacchati ,
amitrāṁśca bahūnnityaṁ pṛthagātmani paśyati.
6. tejaḥ damena dhriyate na tat tīkṣṇaḥ adhigacchati
amitrān ca bahūn nityam pṛthak ātmani paśyati
6. tejaḥ damena dhriyate tīkṣṇaḥ tat na adhigacchati (saḥ
tīkṣṇaḥ) ca nityam bahūn amitrān ātmani pṛthak paśyati
6. Spiritual power (tejas) is maintained through self-control (dama); an aggressive person does not attain it. Instead, such a person constantly perceives many enemies as distinct from their own self (ātman).
क्रव्याद्भ्य इव भूतानामदान्तेभ्यः सदा भयम् ।
तेषां विप्रतिषेधार्थं राजा सृष्टः स्वयंभुवा ॥७॥
7. kravyādbhya iva bhūtānāmadāntebhyaḥ sadā bhayam ,
teṣāṁ vipratiṣedhārthaṁ rājā sṛṣṭaḥ svayaṁbhuvā.
7. kravyādbhyaḥ iva bhūtānām adāntebhyaḥ sadā bhayam
teṣām vipratiṣedhārtham rājā sṛṣṭaḥ svayambhuvā
7. kravyādbhyaḥ iva adāntebhyaḥ bhūtānām sadā bhayam
(asti) teṣām vipratiṣedhārtham rājā svayambhuvā sṛṣṭaḥ
7. There is always fear for beings from the uncontrolled, just as there is from carnivorous creatures. To counteract them, a king was created by the Self-existent One.
आश्रमेषु च सर्वेषु दम एव विशिष्यते ।
यच्च तेषु फलं धर्मे भूयो दान्ते तदुच्यते ॥८॥
8. āśrameṣu ca sarveṣu dama eva viśiṣyate ,
yacca teṣu phalaṁ dharme bhūyo dānte taducyate.
8. āśrameṣu ca sarveṣu damaḥ eva viśiṣyate yat
ca teṣu phalam dharme bhūyaḥ dānte tat ucyate
8. sarveṣu āśrameṣu ca damaḥ eva viśiṣyate.
teṣu dharme yat ca phalam,
tat dānte bhūyaḥ ucyate.
8. Self-control (dama) is indeed superior in all the stages of life (āśrama). And whatever fruit is obtained through one's intrinsic nature (dharma) in those stages, that is declared to be greater in the self-controlled person.
तेषां लिङ्गानि वक्ष्यामि येषां समुदयो दमः ।
अकार्पण्यमसंरम्भः संतोषः श्रद्दधानता ॥९॥
9. teṣāṁ liṅgāni vakṣyāmi yeṣāṁ samudayo damaḥ ,
akārpaṇyamasaṁrambhaḥ saṁtoṣaḥ śraddadhānatā.
9. teṣām liṅgāni vakṣyāmi yeṣām samudayaḥ damaḥ
akārpaṇyam asaṃrambhaḥ santoṣaḥ śraddadhānatā
9. yeṣām damaḥ samudayaḥ,
teṣām liṅgāni vakṣyāmi: akārpaṇyam,
asaṃrambhaḥ,
santoṣaḥ,
śraddadhānatā.
9. I will describe the signs of those whose self-control (dama) is well-developed: absence of stinginess, freedom from agitation, contentment, and faith (śraddhā).
अक्रोध आर्जवं नित्यं नातिवादो न मानिता ।
गुरुपूजानसूया च दया भूतेष्वपैशुनम् ॥१०॥
10. akrodha ārjavaṁ nityaṁ nātivādo na mānitā ,
gurupūjānasūyā ca dayā bhūteṣvapaiśunam.
10. akrodhaḥ ārjavam nityam na ativādaḥ na mānitā
gurupūjā anasūyā ca dayā bhūteṣu apaiśunam
10. akrodhaḥ,
nityam ārjavam,
na ativādaḥ,
na mānitā,
gurupūjā ca,
anasūyā,
bhūteṣu dayā,
apaiśunam.
10. (Also among these characteristics are) freedom from anger, constant integrity, avoidance of excessive speech, absence of pride, reverence for teachers (guru), freedom from envy, compassion towards all beings, and lack of malice.
जनवादमृषावादस्तुतिनिन्दाविवर्जनम् ।
साधुकामश्चास्पृहयन्नायाति प्रत्ययं नृषु ॥११॥
11. janavādamṛṣāvādastutinindāvivarjanam ,
sādhukāmaścāspṛhayannāyāti pratyayaṁ nṛṣu.
11. janavāda mṛṣāvāda stuti nindā vivarjanam
sādhukāmaḥ ca aspṛhayan āyāti pratyayam nṛṣu
11. janavāda-mṛṣāvāda-stuti-nindā-vivarjanam,
sādhukāmaḥ ca,
aspṛhayan nṛṣu pratyayam āyāti.
11. Avoiding gossip, false speech, excessive praise, and blame; desiring good (for others), and not craving (anything for oneself), one gains the trust (pratyaya) of people.
अवैरकृत्सूपचारः समो निन्दाप्रशंसयोः ।
सुवृत्तः शीलसंपन्नः प्रसन्नात्मात्मवान्बुधः ।
प्राप्य लोके च सत्कारं स्वर्गं वै प्रेत्य गच्छति ॥१२॥
12. avairakṛtsūpacāraḥ samo nindāpraśaṁsayoḥ ,
suvṛttaḥ śīlasaṁpannaḥ prasannātmātmavānbudhaḥ ,
prāpya loke ca satkāraṁ svargaṁ vai pretya gacchati.
12. avairakṛtsūpacāraḥ samaḥ nindāpraśaṃsayoḥ
| suvṛttaḥ śīlasaṃpannaḥ
prasannātmā ātmavān budhaḥ | prāpya loke
ca satkāram svargam vai pretya gacchati
12. budhaḥ yaḥ avairakṛtsūpacāraḥ
nindāpraśaṃsayoḥ samaḥ suvṛttaḥ śīlasaṃpannaḥ
prasannātmā ātmavān ca saḥ loke
satkāram prāpya pretya vai svargam gacchati
12. A wise person (budhaḥ) who is benevolent in his dealings, unaffected by criticism or praise, of excellent behavior, endowed with good character, whose inner self (ātman) is serene, and who is self-controlled – having attained respect in this world, he certainly goes to heaven after death.
सर्वभूतहिते युक्तो न स्मयाद्द्वेष्टि वै जनम् ।
महाह्रद इवाक्षोभ्य प्रज्ञातृप्तः प्रसीदति ॥१३॥
13. sarvabhūtahite yukto na smayāddveṣṭi vai janam ,
mahāhrada ivākṣobhya prajñātṛptaḥ prasīdati.
13. sarvabhūtahite yuktaḥ na smayāt dveṣṭi vai janam
| mahāhradaḥ iva akṣobhyaḥ prajñātṛptaḥ prasīdati
13. (yaḥ) sarvabhūtahite yuktaḥ smayāt janam vai na dveṣṭi
saḥ mahāhradaḥ iva akṣobhyaḥ prajñātṛptaḥ (san) prasīdati
13. Engaged in the welfare of all beings, he certainly does not despise people out of pride. Unperturbed like a great deep lake, satisfied by wisdom, he becomes serene.
अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यः सर्वेषामभयं यतः ।
नमस्यः सर्वभूतानां दान्तो भवति ज्ञानवान् ॥१४॥
14. abhayaṁ sarvabhūtebhyaḥ sarveṣāmabhayaṁ yataḥ ,
namasyaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ dānto bhavati jñānavān.
14. abhayam sarvabhūtebhyaḥ sarveṣām abhayam yataḥ
| namasyaḥ sarvabhūtānām dāntaḥ bhavati jñānavān
14. yataḥ sarvabhūtebhyaḥ abhayam (asti) yataḥ sarveṣām abhayam
(asti) (saḥ) sarvabhūtānām namasyaḥ dāntaḥ jñānavān bhavati
14. He grants fearlessness to all beings, from whom all obtain fearlessness. Revered by all beings, the wise (jñānavān) person becomes self-controlled (dāntaḥ).
न हृष्यति महत्यर्थे व्यसने च न शोचति ।
स वै परिमितप्रज्ञः स दान्तो द्विज उच्यते ॥१५॥
15. na hṛṣyati mahatyarthe vyasane ca na śocati ,
sa vai parimitaprajñaḥ sa dānto dvija ucyate.
15. na hṛṣyati mahati arthe vyasane ca na śocati |
saḥ vai parimitaprajñaḥ saḥ dāntaḥ dvijaḥ ucyate
15. (yaḥ) mahati arthe na hṛṣyati ca vyasane na śocati
saḥ vai parimitaprajñaḥ saḥ dāntaḥ dvijaḥ ucyate
15. He does not rejoice in great prosperity, nor does he grieve in adversity. Such a one, who possesses restrained wisdom, he is called a self-controlled (dāntaḥ) 'twice-born' (dvija).
कर्मभिः श्रुतसंपन्नः सद्भिराचरितैः शुभैः ।
सदैव दमसंयुक्तस्तस्य भुङ्क्ते महत्फलम् ॥१६॥
16. karmabhiḥ śrutasaṁpannaḥ sadbhirācaritaiḥ śubhaiḥ ,
sadaiva damasaṁyuktastasya bhuṅkte mahatphalam.
16. karmabhiḥ śrutasampannaḥ sadbhiḥ ācaritaiḥ śubhaiḥ
sadā eva damasaṃyuktaḥ tasya bhuṅkte mahat phalam
16. śrutasampannaḥ sadā eva damasaṃyuktaḥ sadbhiḥ
ācaritaiḥ śubhaiḥ karmabhiḥ tasya mahat phalam bhuṅkte
16. One who is endowed with learning and always possesses self-control experiences a great reward through auspicious actions practiced by virtuous individuals.
अनसूया क्षमा शान्तिः संतोषः प्रियवादिता ।
सत्यं दानमनायासो नैष मार्गो दुरात्मनाम् ॥१७॥
17. anasūyā kṣamā śāntiḥ saṁtoṣaḥ priyavāditā ,
satyaṁ dānamanāyāso naiṣa mārgo durātmanām.
17. anasūyā kṣamā śāntiḥ santoṣaḥ priyavāditā
satyam dānam anāyāsaḥ na eṣaḥ margaḥ durātmanām
17. anasūyā kṣamā śāntiḥ santoṣaḥ priyavāditā
satyam dānam anāyāsaḥ eṣaḥ durātmanām margaḥ na
17. Absence of malice, forgiveness, peace, contentment, pleasant speech, truthfulness, charity (dāna), and freedom from strenuous effort – this is not the path of the evil-minded.
कामक्रोधौ वशे कृत्वा ब्रह्मचारी जितेन्द्रियः ।
विक्रम्य घोरे तपसि ब्राह्मणः संशितव्रतः ।
कालाकाङ्क्षी चरेल्लोकान्निरपाय इवात्मवान् ॥१८॥
18. kāmakrodhau vaśe kṛtvā brahmacārī jitendriyaḥ ,
vikramya ghore tapasi brāhmaṇaḥ saṁśitavrataḥ ,
kālākāṅkṣī carellokānnirapāya ivātmavān.
18. kāmakrodhau vaśe kṛtvā brahmacārī
jitendriyaḥ vikramya ghore tapasi
brāhmaṇaḥ saṃśitavrataḥ kālākāṅkṣī
caret lokān nirapāyaḥ iva ātmavān
18. brāhmaṇaḥ brahmacārī jitendriyaḥ
saṃśitavrataḥ kālākāṅkṣī kāmakrodhau
vaśe kṛtvā ghore tapasi vikramya
nirapāyaḥ iva ātmavān lokān caret
18. A Brahmin (brāhmaṇaḥ) who, having subdued desire (kāma) and anger (krodha), is a celibate student (brahmacārin) and has controlled his senses, and who is firm in his vows, should, after exerting himself in severe austerity (tapas), move among the worlds like a self-possessed person, free from harm, awaiting the opportune time.