Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-36

Use the following checkboxes to set the display options for this chapter (You can also control the display of each verse separately):
what would you like to see in each verse:
भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
शक्रशम्बरसंवादं तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
śakraśambarasaṁvādaṁ tannibodha yudhiṣṭhira.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam śakra-śambara-saṃvādam tat nibodha yudhiṣṭhira
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api imam purātanam itihāsam
śakra-śambara-saṃvādam udāharanti yudhiṣṭhira tat nibodha
1. Bhishma said: 'In this regard, they also narrate this ancient historical account (itihāsa) – the conversation between Śakra and Śambara. Listen to that now, O Yudhiṣṭhira!'
शक्रो ह्यज्ञातरूपेण जटी भूत्वा रजोरुणः ।
विरूपं रूपमास्थाय प्रश्नं पप्रच्छ शम्बरम् ॥२॥
2. śakro hyajñātarūpeṇa jaṭī bhūtvā rajoruṇaḥ ,
virūpaṁ rūpamāsthāya praśnaṁ papraccha śambaram.
2. śakraḥ hi ajñātarūpeṇa jaṭī bhūtvā rajas aruṇaḥ
virūpam rūpam āsthāya praśnam papraccha śambaram
2. hi śakraḥ ajñātarūpeṇa jaṭī rajas aruṇaḥ bhūtvā
virūpam rūpam āsthāya śambaram praśnam papraccha
2. Indeed, Indra, in an unknown form, having become a mendicant with matted hair and stained red with dust, assumed a deformed appearance and asked Śambara a question.
केन शम्बर वृत्तेन स्वजात्यानधितिष्ठसि ।
श्रेष्ठं त्वां केन मन्यन्ते तन्मे प्रब्रूहि पृच्छतः ॥३॥
3. kena śambara vṛttena svajātyānadhitiṣṭhasi ,
śreṣṭhaṁ tvāṁ kena manyante tanme prabrūhi pṛcchataḥ.
3. kena śambara vṛttena svajātyān adhitiṣṭhasi śreṣṭham
tvām kena manyante tat me prabrūhi pṛcchataḥ
3. śambara kena vṛttena svajātyān adhitiṣṭhasi? kena
tvām śreṣṭham manyante? pṛcchataḥ me tat prabrūhi
3. O Śambara, by what conduct do you rule over your own people? By what means do they consider you superior? Please tell me that, as I am asking.
शम्बर उवाच ।
नासूयामि सदा विप्रान्ब्रह्माणं च पितामहम् ।
शास्त्राणि वदतो विप्रान्संमन्यामि यथासुखम् ॥४॥
4. śambara uvāca ,
nāsūyāmi sadā viprānbrahmāṇaṁ ca pitāmaham ,
śāstrāṇi vadato viprānsaṁmanyāmi yathāsukham.
4. śambaraḥ uvāca na asūyāmi sadā viprān brahmāṇam ca
pitāmaham śāstrāṇi vadataḥ viprān saṃmanyāmi yathāsukham
4. śambaraḥ uvāca.
sadā viprān brahmāṇam ca pitāmaham na asūyāmi.
śāstrāṇi vadataḥ viprān yathāsukham saṃmanyāmi.
4. Śambara said: "I never envy the brahmins, nor Brahmā, the great progenitor. I honor the brahmins who expound the scriptures, treating them with due deference."
श्रुत्वा च नावजानामि नापराध्यामि कर्हिचित् ।
अभ्यर्च्याननुपृच्छामि पादौ गृह्णामि धीमताम् ॥५॥
5. śrutvā ca nāvajānāmi nāparādhyāmi karhicit ,
abhyarcyānanupṛcchāmi pādau gṛhṇāmi dhīmatām.
5. śrutvā ca na avajānāmi na aparādhyāmi karhicit
abhyarcyān anupṛcchāmi pādau gṛhṇāmi dhīmatām
5. ca śrutvā na avajānāmi,
na karhicit aparādhyāmi.
abhyarcyān anupṛcchāmi.
dhīmatām pādau gṛhṇāmi.
5. And having heard, I neither disrespect nor ever offend. I humbly inquire of those who are to be revered, and I grasp the feet of the wise.
ते विश्रब्धाः प्रभाषन्ते संयच्छन्ति च मां सदा ।
प्रमत्तेष्वप्रमत्तोऽस्मि सदा सुप्तेषु जागृमि ॥६॥
6. te viśrabdhāḥ prabhāṣante saṁyacchanti ca māṁ sadā ,
pramatteṣvapramatto'smi sadā supteṣu jāgṛmi.
6. te viśrabdhāḥ prabhāṣante saṃyacchanti ca mām sadā
pramatteṣu apramattaḥ asmi sadā supteṣu jāgṛmi
6. te viśrabdhāḥ prabhāṣante ca sadā mām saṃyacchanti
pramatteṣu apramattaḥ asmi sadā supteṣu jāgṛmi
6. They speak with confidence and always keep me in check. I am vigilant among those who are careless, and always awake among those who are asleep.
ते मा शास्त्रपथे युक्तं ब्रह्मण्यमनसूयकम् ।
समासिञ्चन्ति शास्तारः क्षौद्रं मध्विव मक्षिकाः ॥७॥
7. te mā śāstrapathe yuktaṁ brahmaṇyamanasūyakam ,
samāsiñcanti śāstāraḥ kṣaudraṁ madhviva makṣikāḥ.
7. te mā śāstrapathe yuktam brahmaṇyam anasūyakam
samāsiñcanti śāstāraḥ kṣaudram madhu iva makṣikāḥ
7. te śāstāraḥ makṣikāḥ iva kṣaudram madhu śāstrapathe
yuktam brahmaṇyam anasūyakam mā samāsiñcanti
7. Those teachers, like bees gathering honey, sprinkle (wisdom upon) me, who am dedicated to the scriptural path, devoted to the sacred (brahmaṇya), and free from envy.
यच्च भाषन्ति ते तुष्टास्तत्तद्गृह्णामि मेधया ।
समाधिमात्मनो नित्यमनुलोममचिन्तयन् ॥८॥
8. yacca bhāṣanti te tuṣṭāstattadgṛhṇāmi medhayā ,
samādhimātmano nityamanulomamacintayan.
8. yat ca bhāṣanti te tuṣṭāḥ tat tat gṛhṇāmi medhayā
samādhim ātmanaḥ nityam anulomam acintayan
8. te tuṣṭāḥ yat ca bhāṣanti tat tat medhayā gṛhṇāmi
ātmanaḥ nityam anulomam samādhim acintayan
8. And whatever they, being pleased, speak, that I grasp with my intellect, not constantly reflecting on my own self's (ātman's) harmonious (anuloma) state of deep concentration (samādhi).
सोऽहं वागग्रसृष्टानां रसानामवलेहकः ।
स्वजात्यानधितिष्ठामि नक्षत्राणीव चन्द्रमाः ॥९॥
9. so'haṁ vāgagrasṛṣṭānāṁ rasānāmavalehakaḥ ,
svajātyānadhitiṣṭhāmi nakṣatrāṇīva candramāḥ.
9. saḥ aham vāk agrasṛṣṭānām rasānām avalehakaḥ
svajātyān adhitiṣṭhāmi nakṣatrāṇi iva candramāḥ
9. saḥ aham vāk agrasṛṣṭānām rasānām avalehakaḥ
svajātyān adhitiṣṭhāmi candramāḥ iva nakṣatrāṇi
9. That I, who am a connoisseur of the primordial essences of speech (vāk), preside over those of my own kind, just as the moon presides over the stars.
एतत्पृथिव्याममृतमेतच्चक्षुरनुत्तमम् ।
यद्ब्राह्मणमुखाच्छास्त्रमिह श्रुत्वा प्रवर्तते ॥१०॥
10. etatpṛthivyāmamṛtametaccakṣuranuttamam ,
yadbrāhmaṇamukhācchāstramiha śrutvā pravartate.
10. etat pṛthivyām amṛtam etat cakṣuḥ anuttamam yat
brāhmaṇamukhāt śāstram iha śrutvā pravartate
10. iha pṛthivyām etat amṛtam etat anuttamam cakṣuḥ
yat brāhmaṇamukhāt śāstram śrutvā pravartate
10. This is the immortal essence on earth, and this is the supreme insight: that teaching which, having been heard here from the mouth of a brahmin (brāhmaṇa), becomes effective.
एतत्कारणमाज्ञाय दृष्ट्वा देवासुरं पुरा ।
युद्धं पिता मे हृष्टात्मा विस्मितः प्रत्यपद्यत ॥११॥
11. etatkāraṇamājñāya dṛṣṭvā devāsuraṁ purā ,
yuddhaṁ pitā me hṛṣṭātmā vismitaḥ pratyapadyata.
11. etat kāraṇam ājñāya dṛṣṭvā devāsuram purā
yuddham pitā me hṛṣṭātmā vismitaḥ pratyapadyata
11. me pitā etat kāraṇam ājñāya purā devāsuram
yuddham dṛṣṭvā hṛṣṭātmā vismitaḥ ca pratyapadyata
11. My father, having understood this reason and having witnessed the ancient battle between devas and asuras, became joyful (hṛṣṭātmā) and astonished.
दृष्ट्वा च ब्राह्मणानां तु महिमानं महात्मनाम् ।
पर्यपृच्छत्कथमिमे सिद्धा इति निशाकरम् ॥१२॥
12. dṛṣṭvā ca brāhmaṇānāṁ tu mahimānaṁ mahātmanām ,
paryapṛcchatkathamime siddhā iti niśākaram.
12. dṛṣṭvā ca brāhmaṇānām tu mahimānam mahātmanām
paryapṛcchat katham ime siddhāḥ iti niśākaram
12. ca dṛṣṭvā tu brāhmaṇānām mahātmanām mahimānam
(saḥ) niśākaram paryapṛcchat iti katham ime siddhāḥ
12. And having witnessed the greatness of those brahmins (brāhmaṇa) who are great souls (mahātman), he then asked the moon (niśākara), "How did these (people) achieve perfection?"
सोम उवाच ।
ब्राह्मणास्तपसा सर्वे सिध्यन्ते वाग्बलाः सदा ।
भुजवीर्या हि राजानो वागस्त्राश्च द्विजातयः ॥१३॥
13. soma uvāca ,
brāhmaṇāstapasā sarve sidhyante vāgbalāḥ sadā ,
bhujavīryā hi rājāno vāgastrāśca dvijātayaḥ.
13. soma uvāca brāhmaṇāḥ tapasā sarve sidhyante vāgbalāḥ
sadā bhujavīryāḥ hi rājānaḥ vāgastrāḥ ca dvijātayaḥ
13. somaḥ uvāca sarve brāhmaṇāḥ tapasā sidhyante (te) sadā
vāgbalāḥ hi rājānaḥ bhujavīryāḥ ca dvijātayaḥ vāgastrāḥ
13. Soma said: "All brahmins (brāhmaṇa) achieve perfection through austerity (tapas); they are always powerful through their speech. For kings indeed possess strength of arms, and the twice-born (dvijāti) have speech as their weapon."
प्रवसन्वाप्यधीयीत बह्वीर्दुर्वसतीर्वसन् ।
निर्मन्युरपि निर्मानो यतिः स्यात्समदर्शनः ॥१४॥
14. pravasanvāpyadhīyīta bahvīrdurvasatīrvasan ,
nirmanyurapi nirmāno yatiḥ syātsamadarśanaḥ.
14. pravasan vā api adhīyīta bahvīḥ durvasatīḥ vasan
nirmanuyḥ api nirmānaḥ yatiḥ syāt samadarśanaḥ
14. yatiḥ bahvīḥ durvasatīḥ vasan vā api pravasan
adhīyīta api nirmanuyḥ nirmānaḥ samadarśanaḥ syāt
14. An ascetic (yati), even when dwelling in many difficult abodes or traveling, should continue to study. He should also be free from anger and pride, and possess equal vision.
अपि चेज्जातिसंपन्नः सर्वान्वेदान्पितुर्गृहे ।
श्लाघमान इवाधीयेद्ग्राम्य इत्येव तं विदुः ॥१५॥
15. api cejjātisaṁpannaḥ sarvānvedānpiturgṛhe ,
ślāghamāna ivādhīyedgrāmya ityeva taṁ viduḥ.
15. api cet jātisampannaḥ sarvān vedān pituḥ gṛhe
ślāghamānaḥ iva adhīyet grāmyaḥ iti eva tam viduḥ
15. api cet jātisampannaḥ pituḥ gṛhe sarvān vedān
ślāghamānaḥ iva adhīyet tam grāmyaḥ iti eva viduḥ
15. Even if one, born into a high family (jati), studies all the Vedas in his father's house as if boasting, people still know him as merely a rustic (grāmya).
भूमिरेतौ निगिरति सर्पो बिलशयानिव ।
राजानं चाप्ययोद्धारं ब्राह्मणं चाप्रवासिनम् ॥१६॥
16. bhūmiretau nigirati sarpo bilaśayāniva ,
rājānaṁ cāpyayoddhāraṁ brāhmaṇaṁ cāpravāsinam.
16. bhūmiḥ etau nigirati sarpaḥ bilaśayān iva rājānam
ca api ayoddhāram brāhmaṇam ca aprāvasinam
16. bhūmiḥ rājānam ayoddhāram ca api brāhmaṇam
aprāvasinam ca etau nigirati sarpaḥ bilaśayān iva
16. The earth devours these two, just as a snake swallows those lying in its hole: a king who does not engage in battle, and a brahmin who does not go abroad.
अतिमानः श्रियं हन्ति पुरुषस्याल्पमेधसः ।
गर्भेण दुष्यते कन्या गृहवासेन च द्विजः ॥१७॥
17. atimānaḥ śriyaṁ hanti puruṣasyālpamedhasaḥ ,
garbheṇa duṣyate kanyā gṛhavāsena ca dvijaḥ.
17. atimānaḥ śriyam hanti puruṣasya alpamedhasaḥ
garbheṇa duṣyate kanyā gṛhavāsena ca dvijaḥ
17. atimānaḥ alpamedhasaḥ puruṣasya śriyam hanti
kanyā garbheṇa duṣyate ca dvijaḥ gṛhavāsena
17. Excessive pride destroys the prosperity of a man of little intelligence. A maiden is corrupted by pregnancy, and a twice-born (dvija) by dwelling excessively at home.
इत्येतन्मे पिता श्रुत्वा सोमादद्भुतदर्शनात् ।
ब्राह्मणान्पूजयामास तथैवाहं महाव्रतान् ॥१८॥
18. ityetanme pitā śrutvā somādadbhutadarśanāt ,
brāhmaṇānpūjayāmāsa tathaivāhaṁ mahāvratān.
18. iti etat me pitā śrutvā somāt adbhuta-darśanāt
brāhmaṇān pūjayāmāsa tathā eva aham mahā-vratān
18. me pitā adbhuta-darśanāt somāt iti etat śrutvā
brāhmaṇān pūjayāmāsa tathā eva aham mahā-vratān
18. My father, having heard this from Soma, who possesses a wondrous vision, honored the brahmins; and likewise, I honored those who observe great vows.
भीष्म उवाच ।
श्रुत्वैतद्वचनं शक्रो दानवेन्द्रमुखाच्च्युतम् ।
द्विजान्संपूजयामास महेन्द्रत्वमवाप च ॥१९॥
19. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śrutvaitadvacanaṁ śakro dānavendramukhāccyutam ,
dvijānsaṁpūjayāmāsa mahendratvamavāpa ca.
19. bhīṣma uvāca śrutvā etat vacanam śakraḥ dānava-indra-mukhāt
cyutam dvijān sampūjayāmāsa mahā-indratvam avāpa ca
19. bhīṣma uvāca śakraḥ dānava-indra-mukhāt cyutam etat
vacanam śrutvā dvijān sampūjayāmāsa ca mahā-indratvam avāpa
19. Bhishma said: Having heard this statement, which had emanated from the mouth of the lord of the asuras, Indra then honored the twice-born and attained the state of Mahendra.