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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-214

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
द्विजातयो व्रतोपेता यदिदं भुञ्जते हविः ।
अन्नं ब्राह्मणकामाय कथमेतत्पितामह ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dvijātayo vratopetā yadidaṁ bhuñjate haviḥ ,
annaṁ brāhmaṇakāmāya kathametatpitāmaha.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca dvijātayaḥ vratopetāḥ yat idam
bhuñjate haviḥ annam brāhmaṇakāmāya katham etat pitāmaha
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha dvijātayaḥ vratopetāḥ yat
idam haviḥ annam brāhmaṇakāmāya bhuñjate etat katham
1. Yudhishthira said: 'O Grandfather, how is it that the twice-born (dvija) who are observant of vows consume this oblation (havis) and food, intended to fulfill the desire of Brahmins?'
भीष्म उवाच ।
अवेदोक्तव्रतोपेता भुञ्जानाः कार्यकारिणः ।
वेदोक्तेषु च भुञ्जाना व्रतलुप्ता युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
avedoktavratopetā bhuñjānāḥ kāryakāriṇaḥ ,
vedokteṣu ca bhuñjānā vrataluptā yudhiṣṭhira.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca avedoktavratopetāḥ bhuñjānāḥ kāryakāriṇaḥ
vedokteṣu ca bhuñjānāḥ vrataluptāḥ yudhiṣṭhira
2. Bhishma said: O Yudhishthira, those who, having adopted vows (vrata) not prescribed by the Vedas, perform their duties while (improperly) eating; and furthermore, those who, even when observing Vedic injunctions, engage in eating (improperly) and have broken their vows (vrata).
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यदिदं तप इत्याहुरुपवासं पृथग्जनाः ।
एतत्तपो महाराज उताहो किं तपो भवेत् ॥३॥
3. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yadidaṁ tapa ityāhurupavāsaṁ pṛthagjanāḥ ,
etattapo mahārāja utāho kiṁ tapo bhavet.
3. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca yat idam tapaḥ iti āhuḥ upavāsam
pṛthagjanāḥ etat tapaḥ mahārāja uta āho kim tapaḥ bhavet
3. Yudhishthira said: What ordinary people (pṛthagjanāḥ) call austerity (tapas) - this fasting (upavāsa) - is that truly austerity (tapas), O great king? Or what indeed should austerity (tapas) be?
भीष्म उवाच ।
मासपक्षोपवासेन मन्यन्ते यत्तपो जनाः ।
आत्मतन्त्रोपघातः स न तपस्तत्सतां मतम् ।
त्यागश्च सन्नतिश्चैव शिष्यते तप उत्तमम् ॥४॥
4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
māsapakṣopavāsena manyante yattapo janāḥ ,
ātmatantropaghātaḥ sa na tapastatsatāṁ matam ,
tyāgaśca sannatiścaiva śiṣyate tapa uttamam.
4. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca māsapakṣopavāsena manyante
yat tapaḥ janāḥ ātmatantropaghātaḥ
saḥ na tapas tat satām matam tyāgaḥ ca
sannatiḥ ca eva śiṣyate tapaḥ uttamam
4. Bhishma said: What people consider austerity (tapas) - fasting for a month or a fortnight - that is merely an injury to one's own system (ātmatantra) and is not considered austerity (tapas) by the wise. Renunciation (tyāga) and humility (sannati) alone remain as the supreme austerity (tapas).
सदोपवासी च भवेद्ब्रह्मचारी सदैव च ।
मुनिश्च स्यात्सदा विप्रो दैवतं च सदा भजेत् ॥५॥
5. sadopavāsī ca bhavedbrahmacārī sadaiva ca ,
muniśca syātsadā vipro daivataṁ ca sadā bhajet.
5. sadā upavāsī ca bhavet brahmacārī sadā eva ca
muniḥ ca syāt sadā vipraḥ daivatam ca sadā bhajet
5. One should always be a faster and continually a celibate student (brahmacārī). A sage (muni) should always be a Brahmin (vipra), and one should always worship the deity.
कुटुम्बिको धर्मकामः सदास्वप्नश्च भारत ।
अमांसाशी सदा च स्यात्पवित्रं च सदा जपेत् ॥६॥
6. kuṭumbiko dharmakāmaḥ sadāsvapnaśca bhārata ,
amāṁsāśī sadā ca syātpavitraṁ ca sadā japet.
6. kuṭumbikaḥ dharmakāmaḥ sadāsvapnaḥ ca bhārata
amāṃsāśī sadā ca syāt pavitraṃ ca sadā japet
6. bhārata dharmakāmaḥ kuṭumbikaḥ ca sadāsvapnaḥ
ca sadā amāṃsāśī syāt ca sadā pavitraṃ japet
6. O Bhārata, a householder who desires righteousness (dharma) should always be vigilant, should always abstain from meat, and should always chant sacred texts.
अमृताशी सदा च स्यान्न च स्याद्विषभोजनः ।
विघसाशी सदा च स्यात्सदा चैवातिथिप्रियः ॥७॥
7. amṛtāśī sadā ca syānna ca syādviṣabhojanaḥ ,
vighasāśī sadā ca syātsadā caivātithipriyaḥ.
7. amṛtāśī sadā ca syāt na ca syāt viṣabhojanaḥ
vighasāśī sadā ca syāt sadā ca eva atithipriyaḥ
7. sadā amṛtāśī ca syāt ca viṣabhojanaḥ na syāt ca
sadā vighasāśī syāt ca sadā eva atithipriyaḥ
7. He should always be one who partakes of pure, wholesome food (amṛtāśī) and should never consume harmful food. He should always eat the remnants (vighasāśī) and always be hospitable (atithipriya).
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं सदोपवासी स्याद्ब्रह्मचारी कथं भवेत् ।
विघसाशी कथं च स्यात्सदा चैवातिथिप्रियः ॥८॥
8. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ sadopavāsī syādbrahmacārī kathaṁ bhavet ,
vighasāśī kathaṁ ca syātsadā caivātithipriyaḥ.
8. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kathaṃ sadopavāsī syāt brahmacārī kathaṃ
bhavet vighasāśī kathaṃ ca syāt sadā ca eva atithipriyaḥ
8. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kathaṃ sadopavāsī syāt kathaṃ brahmacārī
bhavet ca kathaṃ vighasāśī syāt ca sadā eva atithipriyaḥ
8. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'How can one always be fasting? How can one be a celibate (brahmacārī)? And how can one always eat remnants (vighasāśī) and always be hospitable?'
भीष्म उवाच ।
अन्तरा प्रातराशं च सायमाशं तथैव च ।
सदोपवासी च भवेद्यो न भुङ्क्ते कथंचन ॥९॥
9. bhīṣma uvāca ,
antarā prātarāśaṁ ca sāyamāśaṁ tathaiva ca ,
sadopavāsī ca bhavedyo na bhuṅkte kathaṁcana.
9. bhīṣma uvāca antarā prātarāśam ca sāyamāśam tathā
eva ca sadopavāsī ca bhavet yaḥ na bhuṅkte kathaṃcana
9. bhīṣma uvāca yaḥ prātarāśam ca sāyamāśam ca tathā eva
antarā kathaṃcana na bhuṅkte saḥ ca sadopavāsī bhavet
9. Bhīṣma said: 'One who does not eat at all between the morning meal and the evening meal, indeed, becomes one who is always fasting.'
भार्यां गच्छन्ब्रह्मचारी ऋतौ भवति ब्राह्मणः ।
ऋतवादी सदा च स्याज्ज्ञाननित्यश्च यो नरः ॥१०॥
10. bhāryāṁ gacchanbrahmacārī ṛtau bhavati brāhmaṇaḥ ,
ṛtavādī sadā ca syājjñānanityaśca yo naraḥ.
10. bhāryām gacchan brahmacārī ṛtau bhavati brāhmaṇaḥ
| ṛtavādī sadā ca syāt jñānanityaḥ ca yaḥ naraḥ
10. yaḥ naraḥ bhāryām ṛtau gacchan brahmacārī brāhmaṇaḥ
bhavati ca sadā ṛtavādī ca jñānanityaḥ syāt
10. A man (naraḥ) who approaches his wife during the fertile season (ṛtau) is considered a disciplined person (brahmacārī) [and] a Brahmin (brāhmaṇaḥ). And such a man should always be truthful and constantly dedicated to knowledge.
अभक्षयन्वृथामांसममांसाशी भवत्युत ।
दाननित्यः पवित्रश्च अस्वप्नश्च दिवास्वपन् ॥११॥
11. abhakṣayanvṛthāmāṁsamamāṁsāśī bhavatyuta ,
dānanityaḥ pavitraśca asvapnaśca divāsvapan.
11. abhakṣayan vṛthāmāṃsam amāṃsāśī bhavati uta |
dānanityaḥ pavitraḥ ca asvapnaḥ ca divāsvapan
11. uta yaḥ vṛthāmāṃsam abhakṣayan amāṃsāśī bhavati (saḥ) ca
dānanityaḥ pavitraḥ ca asvapnaḥ ca divāsvapan (bhavati)
11. Furthermore (uta), one who refrains from eating meat not offered in sacrifice (vṛthāmāṃsam) becomes one who abstains from meat (amāṃsāśī). Such a person is constantly engaged in giving (dāna), pure, vigilant (asvapnaḥ), and even one who sleeps during the day.
भृत्यातिथिषु यो भुङ्क्ते भुक्तवत्सु सदा स ह ।
अमृतं सकलं भुङ्क्त इति विद्धि युधिष्ठिर ॥१२॥
12. bhṛtyātithiṣu yo bhuṅkte bhuktavatsu sadā sa ha ,
amṛtaṁ sakalaṁ bhuṅkta iti viddhi yudhiṣṭhira.
12. bhṛtyātithiṣu yaḥ bhuṅkte bhuktavatsu sadā sa ha
| amṛtam sakalam bhuṅkte iti viddhi yudhiṣṭhira
12. Yudhiṣṭhira,
iti viddhi: yaḥ sadā bhṛtyātithiṣu bhuktavatsu bhuṅkte,
saḥ ha sakalam amṛtam bhuṅkte
12. He (saḥ) who always eats after his servants and guests have eaten, he indeed consumes the entire nectar (amṛtam). Know this, O Yudhiṣṭhira.
अभुक्तवत्सु नाश्नानः सततं यस्तु वै द्विजः ।
अभोजनेन तेनास्य जितः स्वर्गो भवत्युत ॥१३॥
13. abhuktavatsu nāśnānaḥ satataṁ yastu vai dvijaḥ ,
abhojanena tenāsya jitaḥ svargo bhavatyuta.
13. abhuktavatsu na aśnānaḥ satatam yaḥ tu vai dvijaḥ
| abhojanena tena asya jitaḥ svargaḥ bhavati uta
13. uta yaḥ dvijaḥ tu vai satatam abhuktavatsu na aśnānaḥ (asti),
tena asya abhojanena svargaḥ jitaḥ bhavati
13. Indeed (uta), that twice-born (dvijaḥ) person (yaḥ tu vai) who consistently does not eat before those who have not yet eaten (abhuktavatsu) - by his abstinence (abhojanena), heaven (svargaḥ) is conquered by him.
देवताभ्यः पितृभ्यश्च भृत्येभ्योऽतिथिभिः सह ।
अवशिष्टं तु योऽश्नाति तमाहुर्विघसाशिनम् ॥१४॥
14. devatābhyaḥ pitṛbhyaśca bhṛtyebhyo'tithibhiḥ saha ,
avaśiṣṭaṁ tu yo'śnāti tamāhurvighasāśinam.
14. devatābhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ ca bhṛtyebhyaḥ atithibhiḥ
saha avaśiṣṭam tu yaḥ aśnāti tam āhuḥ vighasāśinam
14. yaḥ devatābhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ ca bhṛtyebhyaḥ atithibhiḥ
saha avaśiṣṭam tu aśnāti tam vighasāśinam āhuḥ
14. Whoever eats only what remains after having made offerings to the deities and ancestors, and after having shared with servants and guests, they call that person an eater of leavings.
तेषां लोका ह्यपर्यन्ताः सदने ब्रह्मणा सह ।
उपस्थिताश्चाप्सरोभिः परियान्ति दिवौकसः ॥१५॥
15. teṣāṁ lokā hyaparyantāḥ sadane brahmaṇā saha ,
upasthitāścāpsarobhiḥ pariyānti divaukasaḥ.
15. teṣām lokāḥ hi aparyantāḥ sadane brahmaṇā saha
upasthitāḥ ca apsarobhiḥ pariyānti divaukasaḥ
15. hi teṣām lokāḥ aparyantāḥ [santi] sadane brahmaṇā
saha ca apsarobhiḥ upasthitāḥ divaukasaḥ pariyānti
15. Indeed, their worlds are boundless. In the abode, together with Brahman (brahman), and attended by Apsaras, these dwellers of heaven move about.
देवताभिश्च ये सार्धं पितृभिश्चोपभुञ्जते ।
रमन्ते पुत्रपौत्रैश्च तेषां गतिरनुत्तमा ॥१६॥
16. devatābhiśca ye sārdhaṁ pitṛbhiścopabhuñjate ,
ramante putrapautraiśca teṣāṁ gatiranuttamā.
16. devatābhiḥ ca ye sārdham pitṛbhiḥ ca upabhuñjate
ramante putrapautraiḥ ca teṣām gatiḥ anuttamā
16. ye devatābhiḥ ca pitṛbhiḥ ca sārdham upabhuñjate ca
putrapautraiḥ ramante teṣām gatiḥ anuttamā [bhavati]
16. Those who partake [of offerings] with the deities and with the ancestors, and who also enjoy themselves with their sons and grandsons - their ultimate destination (gati) is supreme.