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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-254

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भीष्म उवाच ।
इत्युक्तः स तदा तेन तुलाधारेण धीमता ।
प्रोवाच वचनं धीमाञ्जाजलिर्जपतां वरः ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
ityuktaḥ sa tadā tena tulādhāreṇa dhīmatā ,
provāca vacanaṁ dhīmāñjājalirjapatāṁ varaḥ.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca iti uktaḥ saḥ tadā tena tulādhāreṇa
dhīmatā pra-uvāca vacanam dhīmān jājaliḥ japatām varaḥ
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca iti tena dhīmatā tulādhāreṇa uktaḥ saḥ
dhīmān japatām varaḥ jājaliḥ tadā vacanam pra-uvāca
1. Bhishma said: "Thus addressed by that intelligent Tulādhāra, the wise Jājali, best among those who recite prayers, then spoke these words."
विक्रीणानः सर्वरसान्सर्वगन्धांश्च वाणिज ।
वनस्पतीनोषधीश्च तेषां मूलफलानि च ॥२॥
2. vikrīṇānaḥ sarvarasānsarvagandhāṁśca vāṇija ,
vanaspatīnoṣadhīśca teṣāṁ mūlaphalāni ca.
2. vi-krīṇānaḥ sarva-rasān sarva-gandhān ca vāṇija
vanaspatīn oṣadhīḥ ca teṣām mūla-phalāni ca
2. vāṇija vi-krīṇānaḥ sarva-rasān ca sarva-gandhān
ca vanaspatīn ca oṣadhīḥ ca teṣām mūla-phalāni ca
2. O merchant, selling all tastes and all fragrances, as well as trees and medicinal herbs, and their roots and fruits.
अध्यगा नैष्ठिकीं बुद्धिं कुतस्त्वामिदमागतम् ।
एतदाचक्ष्व मे सर्वं निखिलेन महामते ॥३॥
3. adhyagā naiṣṭhikīṁ buddhiṁ kutastvāmidamāgatam ,
etadācakṣva me sarvaṁ nikhilena mahāmate.
3. adhi-agāḥ naiṣṭhikīm buddhim kutaḥ tvām idam
āgatam etat ācakṣva me sarvam nikhilena mahāmate
3. mahāmate kutaḥ idam naiṣṭhikīm buddhim tvām
adhi-agāḥ āgatam etat sarvam nikhilena me ācakṣva
3. From where did this ultimate wisdom come to you? Tell me all this in detail, O great-minded one.
एवमुक्तस्तुलाधारो ब्राह्मणेन यशस्विना ।
उवाच धर्मसूक्ष्माणि वैश्यो धर्मार्थतत्त्ववित् ।
जाजलिं कष्टतपसं ज्ञानतृप्तस्तदा नृप ॥४॥
4. evamuktastulādhāro brāhmaṇena yaśasvinā ,
uvāca dharmasūkṣmāṇi vaiśyo dharmārthatattvavit ,
jājaliṁ kaṣṭatapasaṁ jñānatṛptastadā nṛpa.
4. evam uktaḥ tulādhāraḥ brāhmaṇena
yaśasvinā uvāca dharmasūkṣmāṇi
vaiśyaḥ dharmārthatattvavit jājalim
kaṣṭatapasam jñānatṛptaḥ tadā nṛpa
4. nṛpa evam yaśasvinā brāhmaṇena
uktaḥ jñānatṛptaḥ dharmārthatattvavit
vaiśyaḥ tulādhāraḥ tadā kaṣṭatapasam
jājalim dharmasūkṣmāṇi uvāca
4. O King, when the glorious Brahmin (Jājali) had spoken thus to the scales-bearer, that vaiśya, who was satisfied with knowledge and understood the true nature of natural law (dharma) and prosperity (artha), then spoke about the subtle aspects of natural law (dharma) to Jājali, who had performed difficult austerities (tapas).
वेदाहं जाजले धर्मं सरहस्यं सनातनम् ।
सर्वभूतहितं मैत्रं पुराणं यं जना विदुः ॥५॥
5. vedāhaṁ jājale dharmaṁ sarahasyaṁ sanātanam ,
sarvabhūtahitaṁ maitraṁ purāṇaṁ yaṁ janā viduḥ.
5. veda aham jājale dharmam sarahasyam sanātanam
sarvabhūtahitam maitram purāṇam yam janā viduḥ
5. jājale aham yam dharmam sanātanam sarahasyam
sarvabhūtahitam maitram purāṇam janā viduḥ veda
5. O Jājali, I know that eternal natural law (dharma) with its esoteric aspects, which is beneficial to all beings, benevolent, and ancient, and which people understand.
अद्रोहेणैव भूतानामल्पद्रोहेण वा पुनः ।
या वृत्तिः स परो धर्मस्तेन जीवामि जाजले ॥६॥
6. adroheṇaiva bhūtānāmalpadroheṇa vā punaḥ ,
yā vṛttiḥ sa paro dharmastena jīvāmi jājale.
6. adroheṇa eva bhūtānām alpadroheṇa vā punaḥ
yā vṛttiḥ sa paraḥ dharmaḥ tena jīvāmi jājal
6. jājale bhūtānām adroheṇa eva vā punaḥ alpadroheṇa
yā vṛttiḥ sa paraḥ dharmaḥ tena jīvāmi
6. O Jājali, the livelihood which consists of truly not harming beings, or at least harming them very little, that is the supreme natural law (dharma); by that (principle) I live.
परिच्छिन्नैः काष्ठतृणैर्मयेदं शरणं कृतम् ।
अलक्तं पद्मकं तुङ्गं गन्धांश्चोच्चावचांस्तथा ॥७॥
7. paricchinnaiḥ kāṣṭhatṛṇairmayedaṁ śaraṇaṁ kṛtam ,
alaktaṁ padmakaṁ tuṅgaṁ gandhāṁścoccāvacāṁstathā.
7. paricchinnaiḥ kāṣṭhatṛṇaiḥ mayā idam śaraṇam kṛtam
alaktam padmakam tuṅgam gandhān ca uccāvacān tathā
7. mayā paricchinnaiḥ kāṣṭhatṛṇaiḥ idam śaraṇam kṛtam
tathā ca alaktam padmakam tuṅgam uccāvacān gandhān
7. This shelter was constructed by me from cut wood and grass. Also present are lac, red lotuses, camphor, and various other fragrances.
रसांश्च तांस्तान्विप्रर्षे मद्यवर्जानहं बहून् ।
क्रीत्वा वै प्रतिविक्रीणे परहस्तादमायया ॥८॥
8. rasāṁśca tāṁstānviprarṣe madyavarjānahaṁ bahūn ,
krītvā vai prativikrīṇe parahastādamāyayā.
8. rasān ca tān tān viprarṣe madyavarjān aham
bahūn krītvā vai prativikrīṇe parahastāt amāyayā
8. aham viprarṣe bahūn madyavarjān tān tān rasān
ca parahastāt krītvā vai prativikrīṇe amāyayā
8. O sage among Brahmins, I indeed buy many various liquids, excluding intoxicating drinks, from others and then resell them honestly.
सर्वेषां यः सुहृन्नित्यं सर्वेषां च हिते रतः ।
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा स धर्मं वेद जाजले ॥९॥
9. sarveṣāṁ yaḥ suhṛnnityaṁ sarveṣāṁ ca hite rataḥ ,
karmaṇā manasā vācā sa dharmaṁ veda jājale.
9. sarveṣām yaḥ suhṛt nityam sarveṣām ca hite rataḥ
karmaṇā manasā vācā saḥ dharmam veda jājale
9. jājale yaḥ sarveṣām nityam suhṛt ca sarveṣām
hite rataḥ karmaṇā manasā vācā saḥ dharmam veda
9. O Jājali, he who is always a well-wisher to all, and is devoted to the welfare of all through his actions (karma), mind, and speech - he truly knows the natural law (dharma).
नाहं परेषां कर्माणि प्रशंसामि शपामि वा ।
आकाशस्येव विप्रर्षे पश्यँल्लोकस्य चित्रताम् ॥१०॥
10. nāhaṁ pareṣāṁ karmāṇi praśaṁsāmi śapāmi vā ,
ākāśasyeva viprarṣe paśyaँllokasya citratām.
10. na aham pareṣām karmāṇi praśaṃsāmi śapāmi vā
ākāśasya iva viprarṣe paśyan lokasya citratām
10. viprarṣe aham pareṣām karmāṇi na praśaṃsāmi vā
na śapāmi ākāśasya iva lokasya citratām paśyan
10. O sage among Brahmins, I neither praise nor curse the actions (karma) of others, for I observe the wondrous diversity of the world as if from the perspective of the sky.
नानुरुध्ये विरुध्ये वा न द्वेष्मि न च कामये ।
समोऽस्मि सर्वभूतेषु पश्य मे जाजले व्रतम् ॥११॥
11. nānurudhye virudhye vā na dveṣmi na ca kāmaye ,
samo'smi sarvabhūteṣu paśya me jājale vratam.
11. na anurudhye virudhye vā na dveṣmi na ca kāmaye
samaḥ asmi sarvabhūteṣu paśya me jājale vratam
11. na anurudhye na virudhye vā na dveṣmi ca na kāmaye
sarvabhūteṣu samaḥ asmi jājale me vratam paśya
11. I neither comply with nor oppose, nor do I hate or desire. I am impartial towards all beings; O Jājali, behold my vow.
इष्टानिष्टविमुक्तस्य प्रीतिरागबहिष्कृतः ।
तुला मे सर्वभूतेषु समा तिष्ठति जाजले ॥१२॥
12. iṣṭāniṣṭavimuktasya prītirāgabahiṣkṛtaḥ ,
tulā me sarvabhūteṣu samā tiṣṭhati jājale.
12. iṣṭāniṣṭavimuktasya prītirāgabahiṣkṛtaḥ
tulā me sarvabhūteṣu samā tiṣṭhati jājale
12. jājale iṣṭāniṣṭavimuktasya prītirāgabahiṣkṛtaḥ
me tulā sarvabhūteṣu samā tiṣṭhati
12. O Jājali, for me, who is free from both desirable and undesirable outcomes, and devoid of affection and attachment, an equal balance (tulā) prevails towards all beings.
इति मां त्वं विजानीहि सर्वलोकस्य जाजले ।
समं मतिमतां श्रेष्ठ समलोष्टाश्मकाञ्चनम् ॥१३॥
13. iti māṁ tvaṁ vijānīhi sarvalokasya jājale ,
samaṁ matimatāṁ śreṣṭha samaloṣṭāśmakāñcanam.
13. iti mām tvam vijānīhi sarvalokasya jājale
samam matimatām śreṣṭha samaloṣṭāśmakāñcanam
13. jājale matimatām śreṣṭha tvam iti mām
sarvalokasya samam samaloṣṭāśmakāñcanam vijānīhi
13. O Jājali, O best among the wise, understand me thus: I am impartial to all people, regarding a lump of clay, a stone, and gold as equal.
यथान्धबधिरोन्मत्ता उच्छ्वासपरमाः सदा ।
देवैरपिहितद्वाराः सोपमा पश्यतो मम ॥१४॥
14. yathāndhabadhironmattā ucchvāsaparamāḥ sadā ,
devairapihitadvārāḥ sopamā paśyato mama.
14. yathā andha badhira unmattāḥ ucchvāsaparamāḥ
sadā devaiḥ apihita dvārāḥ sopamā paśyataḥ mama
14. mama paśyataḥ sopamā yathā andha badhira unmattāḥ
sadā ucchvāsaparamāḥ devaiḥ apihita dvārāḥ
14. Just as the blind, the deaf, and the insane are always supremely focused on their breath, with their senses (doors) closed by the gods – such is the comparison for me, as I perceive it.
यथा वृद्धातुरकृशा निःस्पृहा विषयान्प्रति ।
तथार्थकामभोगेषु ममापि विगता स्पृहा ॥१५॥
15. yathā vṛddhāturakṛśā niḥspṛhā viṣayānprati ,
tathārthakāmabhogeṣu mamāpi vigatā spṛhā.
15. yathā vṛddhāturakṛśāḥ niḥspṛhāḥ viṣayān prati
tathā artha kāma bhogeṣu mama api vigatā spṛhā
15. yathā vṛddhāturakṛśāḥ viṣayān prati niḥspṛhāḥ
tathā api mama artha kāma bhogeṣu spṛhā vigatā
15. Just as the old, sick, and feeble are without longing for sense objects, similarly, for me too, all desire for material possessions, sensual pleasures, and enjoyments has vanished.
यदा चायं न बिभेति यदा चास्मान्न बिभ्यति ।
यदा नेच्छति न द्वेष्टि तदा सिध्यति वै द्विजः ॥१६॥
16. yadā cāyaṁ na bibheti yadā cāsmānna bibhyati ,
yadā necchati na dveṣṭi tadā sidhyati vai dvijaḥ.
16. yadā ca ayaṃ na bibheti yadā ca asmāt na bibhyati
yadā na icchati na dveṣṭi tadā sidhyati vai dvijaḥ
16. ayaṃ yadā na bibheti ca yadā asmāt na bibhyati
yadā na icchati na dveṣṭi tadā vai dvijaḥ sidhyati
16. When a person neither fears anyone nor is feared by anyone; and when he neither desires nor hates, then that twice-born (dvija) indeed achieves perfection.
यदा न कुरुते भावं सर्वभूतेषु पापकम् ।
कर्मणा मनसा वाचा ब्रह्म संपद्यते तदा ॥१७॥
17. yadā na kurute bhāvaṁ sarvabhūteṣu pāpakam ,
karmaṇā manasā vācā brahma saṁpadyate tadā.
17. yadā na kurute bhāvam sarvabhūteṣu pāpakam
karmaṇā manasā vācā brahma saṃpadyate tadā
17. yadā karmaṇā manasā vācā ca sarvabhūteṣu
pāpakam bhāvam na kurute tadā brahma saṃpadyate
17. When one does not harbor sinful intentions towards any being, whether through action (karma), mind, or speech, then one attains Brahman.
न भूतो न भविष्यश्च न च धर्मोऽस्ति कश्चन ।
योऽभयः सर्वभूतानां स प्राप्नोत्यभयं पदम् ॥१८॥
18. na bhūto na bhaviṣyaśca na ca dharmo'sti kaścana ,
yo'bhayaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ sa prāpnotyabhayaṁ padam.
18. na bhūtaḥ na bhaviṣyaḥ ca na ca dharmaḥ asti kaścana
yaḥ abhayaḥ sarvabhūtānām sa prāpnoti abhayam padam
18. kaścana na bhūtaḥ na bhaviṣyaḥ ca na ca dharmaḥ asti
yaḥ sarvabhūtānām abhayaḥ sa abhayam padam prāpnoti
18. One who is not bound by the past or the future, and for whom no specific intrinsic nature (dharma) truly exists; such a one, being fearless towards all beings, attains the fearless state.
यस्मादुद्विजते लोकः सर्वो मृत्युमुखादिव ।
वाक्क्रूराद्दण्डपारुष्यात्स प्राप्नोति महद्भयम् ॥१९॥
19. yasmādudvijate lokaḥ sarvo mṛtyumukhādiva ,
vākkrūrāddaṇḍapāruṣyātsa prāpnoti mahadbhayam.
19. yasmāt udvijate lokaḥ sarvaḥ mṛtyumukhāt iva vāk
krūrāt daṇḍapāruṣyāt sa prāpnoti mahat bhayam
19. yasmāt vāk krūrāt daṇḍapāruṣyāt sarvaḥ lokaḥ
mṛtyumukhāt iva udvijate sa mahat bhayam prāpnoti
19. The one from whom all people recoil as if from the very jaws of death, due to cruel speech and harsh punishment, that person will experience great fear.
यथावद्वर्तमानानां वृद्धानां पुत्रपौत्रिणाम् ।
अनुवर्तामहे वृत्तमहिंस्राणां महात्मनाम् ॥२०॥
20. yathāvadvartamānānāṁ vṛddhānāṁ putrapautriṇām ,
anuvartāmahe vṛttamahiṁsrāṇāṁ mahātmanām.
20. yathāvat vartamānānām vṛddhānām putrapautriṇām
anuvarthāmahe vṛttam ahiṃsrāṇām mahātmanām
20. vayam ahiṃsrāṇām mahātmanām putrapautriṇām
vṛddhānām yathāvat vartamānānām vṛttam anuvarthāmahe
20. We follow the conduct of the great-souled ones who are non-violent, who behave properly, and who have sons and grandsons among the elders.
प्रनष्टः शाश्वतो धर्मः सदाचारेण मोहितः ।
तेन वैद्यस्तपस्वी वा बलवान्वा विमोह्यते ॥२१॥
21. pranaṣṭaḥ śāśvato dharmaḥ sadācāreṇa mohitaḥ ,
tena vaidyastapasvī vā balavānvā vimohyate.
21. pranaṣṭaḥ śāśvataḥ dharmaḥ sadācāreṇa mohitaḥ
tena vaidyaḥ tapasvī vā balavān vā vimohyate
21. śāśvataḥ dharmaḥ sadācāreṇa pranaṣṭaḥ mohitaḥ
tena vaidyaḥ vā tapasvī vā balavān vā vimohyate
21. The eternal natural law (dharma) is lost, bewildered by conventional good conduct. Because of this, even a learned person, or an ascetic (tapasvī), or a powerful person becomes confused.
आचाराज्जाजले प्राज्ञः क्षिप्रं धर्ममवाप्नुयात् ।
एवं यः साधुभिर्दान्तश्चरेदद्रोहचेतसा ॥२२॥
22. ācārājjājale prājñaḥ kṣipraṁ dharmamavāpnuyāt ,
evaṁ yaḥ sādhubhirdāntaścaredadrohacetasā.
22. ācārāt jājale prājñaḥ kṣipram dharmam avāpnuyāt
evam yaḥ sādhubhiḥ dāntaḥ caret adrohacetasā
22. jājale,
prājñaḥ ācārāt kṣipram dharmam avāpnuyāt evam yaḥ sādhubhiḥ dāntaḥ adrohacetasā caret
22. O Jājali, a wise person quickly attains natural law (dharma) through proper conduct. Whoever is thus disciplined by virtuous people should act with a non-malicious mind.
नद्यां यथा चेह काष्ठमुह्यमानं यदृच्छया ।
यदृच्छयैव काष्ठेन संधिं गच्छेत केनचित् ॥२३॥
23. nadyāṁ yathā ceha kāṣṭhamuhyamānaṁ yadṛcchayā ,
yadṛcchayaiva kāṣṭhena saṁdhiṁ gaccheta kenacit.
23. nadyām yathā ca iha kāṣṭham uhyamānam yadṛcchayā
yadṛcchayā eva kāṣṭhena sandhim gaccheta kenacit
23. yathā iha nadyām yadṛcchayā uhyamānam kāṣṭham,
yadṛcchayā eva kenacit kāṣṭhena sandhim gaccheta
23. Just as a piece of wood, drifting in a river by chance, may encounter another piece of wood, purely by chance.
तत्रापराणि दारूणि संसृज्यन्ते ततस्ततः ।
तृणकाष्ठकरीषाणि कदा चिन्नसमीक्षया ।
एवमेवायमाचारः प्रादुर्भूतो यतस्ततः ॥२४॥
24. tatrāparāṇi dārūṇi saṁsṛjyante tatastataḥ ,
tṛṇakāṣṭhakarīṣāṇi kadā cinnasamīkṣayā ,
evamevāyamācāraḥ prādurbhūto yatastataḥ.
24. tatra aparāṇi dārūṇi saṃsṛjyante
tatas tataḥ tṛṇakāṣṭhakarīṣāṇi
kadā cit na samīkṣayā evam eva
ayam ācāraḥ prādurbhūtaḥ yatas tataḥ
24. aparāṇi dārūṇi tṛṇakāṣṭhakarīṣāṇi
tatas tataḥ kadā cit na samīkṣayā
tatra saṃsṛjyante evam eva
ayam ācāraḥ yatas tataḥ prādurbhūtaḥ
24. Just as various other fuels like grass, wood, and cow-dung are indiscriminately gathered from here and there, so too has this custom arisen from diverse sources.
यस्मान्नोद्विजते भूतं जातु किंचित्कथंचन ।
अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यः स प्राप्नोति सदा मुने ॥२५॥
25. yasmānnodvijate bhūtaṁ jātu kiṁcitkathaṁcana ,
abhayaṁ sarvabhūtebhyaḥ sa prāpnoti sadā mune.
25. yasmāt na udvijate bhūtam jātu kiṃcit kathaṃcana
abhayam sarvabhūtebhyaḥ saḥ prāpnoti sadā mune
25. mune,
yasmāt kiṃcit bhūtam jātu kathaṃcana na udvijate,
saḥ sarvabhūtebhyaḥ sadā abhayam prāpnoti.
25. O sage, the one from whom no creature is ever troubled in any way, that person always attains a state of fearlessness (abhaya) from all beings.
यस्मादुद्विजते विद्वन्सर्वलोको वृकादिव ।
क्रोशतस्तीरमासाद्य यथा सर्वे जलेचराः ॥२६॥
26. yasmādudvijate vidvansarvaloko vṛkādiva ,
krośatastīramāsādya yathā sarve jalecarāḥ.
26. yasmāt udvijate vidvan sarvalokaḥ vṛkāt iva
krośataḥ tīram āsādya yathā sarve jale-carāḥ
26. vidvan,
yasmāt sarvalokaḥ udvijate,
yathā sarve jale-carāḥ tīram āsādya krośataḥ vṛkāt iva.
26. O learned one, just as all aquatic creatures (jale-carāḥ), upon reaching the shore and because of the crying out, shrink back from a wolf, so too does the entire world shrink back from him (from whom, implied).
सहायवान्द्रव्यवान्यः सुभगोऽन्योऽपरस्तथा ।
ततस्तानेव कवयः शास्त्रेषु प्रवदन्त्युत ।
कीर्त्यर्थमल्पहृल्लेखाः पटवः कृत्स्ननिर्णयाः ॥२७॥
27. sahāyavāndravyavānyaḥ subhago'nyo'parastathā ,
tatastāneva kavayaḥ śāstreṣu pravadantyuta ,
kīrtyarthamalpahṛllekhāḥ paṭavaḥ kṛtsnanirṇayāḥ.
27. sahāyavān dravyavān yaḥ subhagaḥ anyaḥ
aparaḥ tathā tatas tān eva kavayaḥ
śāstreṣu pravadanti uta kīrtyartham
alpahṛllekhāḥ paṭavaḥ kṛtsnanirṇayāḥ
27. yaḥ sahāyavān dravyavān subhagaḥ anyaḥ aparaḥ tathā.
tatas kavayaḥ alpahṛllekhāḥ paṭavaḥ kṛtsnanirṇayāḥ,
kīrtyartham śāstreṣu tān eva uta pravadanti.
27. He who has allies, is wealthy, and is fortunate – and others of that sort – these are the very individuals whom the poets praise in their scriptures. These poets, for the sake of their own fame, are clever but possess meager understanding and claim to offer conclusive judgments.
तपोभिर्यज्ञदानैश्च वाक्यैः प्रज्ञाश्रितैस्तथा ।
प्राप्नोत्यभयदानस्य यद्यत्फलमिहाश्नुते ॥२८॥
28. tapobhiryajñadānaiśca vākyaiḥ prajñāśritaistathā ,
prāpnotyabhayadānasya yadyatphalamihāśnute.
28. tapobhiḥ yajñadānaiḥ ca vākyaiḥ prajñāśritaiḥ tathā
prāpnoti abhayadānasya yat yat phalam iha aśnute
28. iha abhayadānasya yat yat phalam aśnute tapobhiḥ
yajñadānaiḥ ca tathā prajñāśritaiḥ vākyaiḥ prāpnoti
28. Whatever fruit one enjoys in this world from the gift of fearlessness, that one obtains through spiritual disciplines (tapas), Vedic rituals (yajña), charitable giving (dāna), and words based on wisdom.
लोके यः सर्वभूतेभ्यो ददात्यभयदक्षिणाम् ।
स सर्वयज्ञैरीजानः प्राप्नोत्यभयदक्षिणाम् ।
न भूतानामहिंसाया ज्यायान्धर्मोऽस्ति कश्चन ॥२९॥
29. loke yaḥ sarvabhūtebhyo dadātyabhayadakṣiṇām ,
sa sarvayajñairījānaḥ prāpnotyabhayadakṣiṇām ,
na bhūtānāmahiṁsāyā jyāyāndharmo'sti kaścana.
29. loke yaḥ sarvabhūtebhyaḥ dadāti
abhayadakṣiṇām saḥ sarvayajñaiḥ ījanaḥ
prāpnoti abhayadakṣiṇām na bhūtānām
ahiṃsāyāḥ jyāyān dharmaḥ asti kaścana
29. loke yaḥ sarvabhūtebhyaḥ abhayadakṣiṇām
dadāti saḥ sarvayajñaiḥ ījanaḥ
abhayadakṣiṇām prāpnoti bhūtānām
ahiṃsāyāḥ jyāyān kaścana dharmaḥ na asti
29. Whoever in the world grants the gift of fearlessness to all beings, he, by performing all Vedic rituals (yajña), obtains the reward of fearlessness. There is no greater intrinsic nature (dharma) or virtue than non-violence towards living beings.
यस्मान्नोद्विजते भूतं जातु किंचित्कथंचन ।
सोऽभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यः संप्राप्नोति महामुने ॥३०॥
30. yasmānnodvijate bhūtaṁ jātu kiṁcitkathaṁcana ,
so'bhayaṁ sarvabhūtebhyaḥ saṁprāpnoti mahāmune.
30. yasmāt na udvijate bhūtam jātu kiṃcit kathaṃcana
saḥ abhayam sarvabhūtebhyaḥ samprāpnoti mahāmune
30. mahāmune yasmāt kiṃcit bhūtam jātu kathaṃcana na
udvijate saḥ sarvabhūtebhyaḥ abhayam samprāpnoti
30. O great sage, he from whom no being ever feels fear or disturbance in any way, obtains fearlessness from all beings.
यस्मादुद्विजते लोकः सर्पाद्वेश्मगतादिव ।
न स धर्ममवाप्नोति इह लोके परत्र च ॥३१॥
31. yasmādudvijate lokaḥ sarpādveśmagatādiva ,
na sa dharmamavāpnoti iha loke paratra ca.
31. yasmāt udvijate lokaḥ sarpāt veśmagatāt iva
na saḥ dharmam avāpnoti iha loke paratra ca
31. yasmāt lokaḥ veśmagatāt sarpāt iva udvijate
saḥ iha loke ca paratra dharmam na avāpnoti
31. He from whom people shrink back, just as one would from a snake that has entered the house, does not attain righteousness (dharma) in this world or in the next.
सर्वभूतात्मभूतस्य सम्यग्भूतानि पश्यतः ।
देवापि मार्गे मुह्यन्ति अपदस्य पदैषिणः ॥३२॥
32. sarvabhūtātmabhūtasya samyagbhūtāni paśyataḥ ,
devāpi mārge muhyanti apadasya padaiṣiṇaḥ.
32. sarvabhūtātmabhūtasya samyak bhūtāni paśyataḥ
devā api mārge muhyanti apadasya padaiṣiṇaḥ
32. sarvabhūtātmabhūtasya samyak bhūtāni paśyataḥ
apadasya padaiṣiṇaḥ devā api mārge muhyanti
32. For one who has become the Self (ātman) of all beings and truly perceives all beings, even the gods are bewildered on the path, seeking a foothold in him who is himself without a fixed position.
दानं भूताभयस्याहुः सर्वदानेभ्य उत्तमम् ।
ब्रवीमि ते सत्यमिदं श्रद्दधस्व च जाजले ॥३३॥
33. dānaṁ bhūtābhayasyāhuḥ sarvadānebhya uttamam ,
bravīmi te satyamidaṁ śraddadhasva ca jājale.
33. dānam bhūtābhayasya āhuḥ sarvadānebhyaḥ uttamam
bravīmi te satyam idam śraddadhasva ca jāajale
33. bhūtābhayasya dānam sarvadānebhyaḥ uttamam āhuḥ
jāajale te idam satyam bravīmi ca śraddadhasva
33. They say that the gift (dāna) of fearlessness to all beings is the best among all gifts. I tell you this truth, O Jajali, and you must have faith (śraddhā).
स एव सुभगो भूत्वा पुनर्भवति दुर्भगः ।
व्यापत्तिं कर्मणां दृष्ट्वा जुगुप्सन्ति जनाः सदा ॥३४॥
34. sa eva subhago bhūtvā punarbhavati durbhagaḥ ,
vyāpattiṁ karmaṇāṁ dṛṣṭvā jugupsanti janāḥ sadā.
34. saḥ eva subhagaḥ bhūtvā punar bhavati durbhagaḥ
vyāpattim karmaṇām dṛṣṭvā jugupsanti janāḥ sadā
34. saḥ eva subhagaḥ bhūtvā punar durbhagaḥ bhavati
janāḥ karmaṇām vyāpattim dṛṣṭvā sadā jugupsanti
34. That very person, having become fortunate, again becomes unfortunate. People, observing the failure of actions (karma), always feel aversion.
अकारणो हि नेहास्ति धर्मः सूक्ष्मोऽपि जाजले ।
भूतभव्यार्थमेवेह धर्मप्रवचनं कृतम् ॥३५॥
35. akāraṇo hi nehāsti dharmaḥ sūkṣmo'pi jājale ,
bhūtabhavyārthameveha dharmapravacanaṁ kṛtam.
35. akāraṇaḥ hi na iha asti dharmaḥ sūkṣmaḥ api jāajale
bhūtabhavyārtham eva iha dharmapravacanam kṛtam
35. jāajale hi iha akāraṇaḥ sūkṣmaḥ api dharmaḥ na asti
iha dharmapravacanam bhūtabhavyārtham eva kṛtam
35. Indeed, O Jajali, there is no natural law (dharma) here, not even a subtle one, that is without a cause. The declaration of natural law (dharma) here has been made solely for the sake of all beings, past and future.
सूक्ष्मत्वान्न स विज्ञातुं शक्यते बहुनिह्नवः ।
उपलभ्यान्तरा चान्यानाचारानवबुध्यते ॥३६॥
36. sūkṣmatvānna sa vijñātuṁ śakyate bahunihnavaḥ ,
upalabhyāntarā cānyānācārānavabudhyate.
36. sūkṣmatvāt na saḥ vijñātum śakyate bahunihnavaḥ
upalabhya antarā ca anyān ācārān avabudhyate
36. saḥ bahunihnavaḥ sūkṣmatvāt na vijñātum śakyate
ca antarā anyān ācārān upalabhya avabudhyate
36. Because of his subtle nature and numerous evasions, he cannot be easily known. Yet, by perceiving from within, he comprehends other practices.
ये च छिन्दन्ति वृषणान्ये च भिन्दन्ति नस्तकान् ।
वहन्ति महतो भारान्बध्नन्ति दमयन्ति च ॥३७॥
37. ye ca chindanti vṛṣaṇānye ca bhindanti nastakān ,
vahanti mahato bhārānbadhnanti damayanti ca.
37. ye ca chindanti vṛṣaṇān ye ca bhindanti nastakān
vahanti mahataḥ bhārān badhnanti damayanti ca
37. ye ca vṛṣaṇān chindanti ye ca nastakān bhindanti
(te) mahataḥ bhārān vahanti badhnanti ca damayanti
37. And those who cut off testicles, and those who pierce noses, they make them carry great burdens, bind them, and subdue them.
हत्वा सत्त्वानि खादन्ति तान्कथं न विगर्हसे ।
मानुषा मानुषानेव दासभोगेन भुञ्जते ॥३८॥
38. hatvā sattvāni khādanti tānkathaṁ na vigarhase ,
mānuṣā mānuṣāneva dāsabhogena bhuñjate.
38. hatvā sattvāni khādanti tān katham na vigarhase
mānuṣāḥ mānuṣān eva dāsabhogena bhuñjate
38. sattvāni hatvā खादन्ति tān katham na vigarhase
mānuṣāḥ mānuṣān eva dāsabhogena bhuñjate
38. They kill living beings and consume them; why do you not condemn them? Humans indeed exploit other humans by means of servitude.
वधबन्धविरोधेन कारयन्ति दिवानिशम् ।
आत्मना चापि जानासि यद्दुःखं वधताडने ॥३९॥
39. vadhabandhavirodhena kārayanti divāniśam ,
ātmanā cāpi jānāsi yadduḥkhaṁ vadhatāḍane.
39. vadhabandhavirodhena kārayanti divāniśam
ātmanā ca api jānāsi yat duḥkham vadhatāḍane
39. vadhabandhavirodhena divāniśam kārayanti ca
api ātmanā vadhatāḍane yat duḥkham jānāsi
39. By means of killing, binding, and oppression, they make (them) work day and night. And you yourself also know what suffering (duḥkha) there is in killing and beating.
पञ्चेन्द्रियेषु भूतेषु सर्वं वसति दैवतम् ।
आदित्यश्चन्द्रमा वायुर्ब्रह्मा प्राणः क्रतुर्यमः ॥४०॥
40. pañcendriyeṣu bhūteṣu sarvaṁ vasati daivatam ,
ādityaścandramā vāyurbrahmā prāṇaḥ kraturyamaḥ.
40. pañcendriyeṣu bhūteṣu sarvam vasati daivatam
ādityaḥ candramāḥ vāyuḥ brahmā prāṇaḥ kratuḥ yamaḥ
40. sarvam daivatam ādityaḥ candramāḥ vāyuḥ brahmā prāṇaḥ kratuḥ yamaḥ pañcendriyeṣu bhūteṣu vasati.
40. All divinity, including the Sun, the Moon, the Wind, Brahma, the life-breath (prāṇa), sacrifice, and Yama, resides within the five senses and the elements.
तानि जीवानि विक्रीय का मृतेषु विचारणा ।
का तैले का घृते ब्रह्मन्मधुन्यप्स्वौषधेषु वा ॥४१॥
41. tāni jīvāni vikrīya kā mṛteṣu vicāraṇā ,
kā taile kā ghṛte brahmanmadhunyapsvauṣadheṣu vā.
41. tāni jīvāni vikrīya kā mṛteṣu vicāraṇā kā taile
kā ghṛte brahman madhuni apsu auṣadheṣu vā
41. brahman,
tāni jīvāni vikrīya,
mṛteṣu kā vicāraṇā? taile kā,
ghṛte kā,
madhuni apsu auṣadheṣu vā (asti)?
41. Having traded away (or sacrificed) those living beings, what consideration remains for the dead (remains)? O Brahmin, what (value or sacredness) is there in oil, what in ghee, or in honey, in water, or in medicines?
अदंशमशके देशे सुखं संवर्धितान्पशून् ।
तांश्च मातुः प्रियाञ्जानन्नाक्रम्य बहुधा नराः ।
बहुदंशकुशान्देशान्नयन्ति बहुकर्दमान् ॥४२॥
42. adaṁśamaśake deśe sukhaṁ saṁvardhitānpaśūn ,
tāṁśca mātuḥ priyāñjānannākramya bahudhā narāḥ ,
bahudaṁśakuśāndeśānnayanti bahukardamān.
42. adaṃśamaśake deśe sukham saṃvardhitān
paśūn tān ca mātuḥ priyān
jānan ākramya bahudhā narāḥ bahudaṃśakuśān
deśān nayanti bahukardamān
42. narāḥ jānan ca tān mātuḥ priyān,
ākramya bahudhā,
paśūn sukham adaṃśamaśake deśe saṃvardhitān,
bahudaṃśakuśān bahukardamān deśān nayanti.
42. Men, knowing these animals to be dear to their mothers, attack them in various ways and lead those creatures - who were raised happily in places free from biting insects and mosquitoes - to lands filled with numerous biting insects, sharp kuśa grass, and deep mud.
वाहसंपीडिता धुर्याः सीदन्त्यविधिनापरे ।
न मन्ये भ्रूणहत्यापि विशिष्टा तेन कर्मणा ॥४३॥
43. vāhasaṁpīḍitā dhuryāḥ sīdantyavidhināpare ,
na manye bhrūṇahatyāpi viśiṣṭā tena karmaṇā.
43. vāhasaṃpīḍitāḥ dhuryāḥ sīdanti avidhinā apare
na manye bhrūṇahatyā api viśiṣṭā tena karmaṇā
43. apare dhuryāḥ vāhasaṃpīḍitāḥ avidhinā sīdanti.
na manye api bhrūṇahatyā tena karmaṇā viśiṣṭā (asti).
43. Other beasts of burden, tormented by their loads, perish due to improper (or unjust) treatment. I do not believe that even the killing of an embryo (bhrūṇahatyā) is more reprehensible than that action (karma).
कृषिं साध्विति मन्यन्ते सा च वृत्तिः सुदारुणा ।
भूमिं भूमिशयांश्चैव हन्ति काष्ठमयोमुखम् ।
तथैवानडुहो युक्तान्समवेक्षस्व जाजले ॥४४॥
44. kṛṣiṁ sādhviti manyante sā ca vṛttiḥ sudāruṇā ,
bhūmiṁ bhūmiśayāṁścaiva hanti kāṣṭhamayomukham ,
tathaivānaḍuho yuktānsamavekṣasva jājale.
44. kṛṣim sādhū iti manyante sā ca vṛttiḥ
sudāruṇā bhūmim bhūmiśayān ca eva
hanti kāṣṭham ayomukham tathā eva
anaḍuhaḥ yuktān samavekṣasva jājalī
44. jājalī manyante kṛṣim sādhū iti ca sā vṛttiḥ
sudāruṇā (asti) sā (vṛttiḥ) hanti bhūmim
bhūmiśayān ca eva kāṣṭham ayomukham
(ca) tathā eva yuktān anaḍuhaḥ samavekṣasva
44. They consider agriculture to be a good (occupation), yet that profession is exceedingly cruel. It kills the earth and the creatures dwelling upon it, and also wears out the wooden and iron-faced implements. Similarly, O Jājali, observe the yoked oxen.
अघ्न्या इति गवां नाम क एनान्हन्तुमर्हति ।
महच्चकाराकुशलं पृषध्रो गालभन्निव ॥४५॥
45. aghnyā iti gavāṁ nāma ka enānhantumarhati ,
mahaccakārākuśalaṁ pṛṣadhro gālabhanniva.
45. aghnyāḥ iti gavām nāma kaḥ enān hantum arhati
mahat ca cakāra akuśalam pṛṣadhraḥ gā labhan iva
45. gavām nāma aghnyāḥ iti (asti) kaḥ enān hantum arhati
ca pṛṣadhraḥ gā labhan iva mahat akuśalam cakāra
45. Cows are named 'aghnyā' (those who should not be killed). Who, then, is truly fit to kill them? Pṛṣadhra committed a great wrong, just as (he did) by harming cows.
ऋषयो यतयो ह्येतन्नहुषे प्रत्यवेदयन् ।
गां मातरं चाप्यवधीर्वृषभं च प्रजापतिम् ।
अकार्यं नहुषाकार्षीर्लप्स्यामस्त्वत्कृते भयम् ॥४६॥
46. ṛṣayo yatayo hyetannahuṣe pratyavedayan ,
gāṁ mātaraṁ cāpyavadhīrvṛṣabhaṁ ca prajāpatim ,
akāryaṁ nahuṣākārṣīrlapsyāmastvatkṛte bhayam.
46. ṛṣayaḥ yatayaḥ hi etat nahuṣe prati
avedayan gām mātaram ca api avadhīḥ
vṛṣabham ca prajāpatim akāryam
nahuṣa akārṣīḥ lapsyāmaḥ tvatkṛte bhayam
46. (ca ūcuḥ) hi ṛṣayaḥ yatayaḥ etat nahuṣe prati avedayan (ca) (he) nahuṣa,
tvaṃ gām mātaram ca api vṛṣabham prajāpatim ca avadhīḥ tvaṃ akāryam akārṣīḥ (ataḥ) tvatkṛte vayam bhayam lapsyāmaḥ
46. Indeed, the sages and ascetics reported this to Nahuṣa: 'You killed the cow, who is like a mother, and the bull, who is like the lord of creatures (Prajāpati). O Nahuṣa, you have committed an improper deed. We will surely suffer fear because of your actions.'
शतं चैकं च रोगाणां सर्वभूतेष्वपातयन् ।
ऋषयस्ते महाभागाः प्रजास्वेव हि जाजले ।
भ्रूणहं नहुषं त्वाहुर्न ते होष्यामहे हविः ॥४७॥
47. śataṁ caikaṁ ca rogāṇāṁ sarvabhūteṣvapātayan ,
ṛṣayaste mahābhāgāḥ prajāsveva hi jājale ,
bhrūṇahaṁ nahuṣaṁ tvāhurna te hoṣyāmahe haviḥ.
47. śatam ca ekam ca rogāṇām sarvabhūteṣu
apātayan ṛṣayaḥ te mahābhāgāḥ
prajāsu eva hi jājalī bhrūṇaham
nahuṣam tvā āhuḥ na te hoṣyāmahe haviḥ
47. jājalī hi te mahābhāgāḥ ṛṣayaḥ śatam ca
ekam ca rogāṇām sarvabhūteṣu apātayan
(te) (tvām) nahuṣam bhrūṇaham āhuḥ
(ca) (ūcuḥ) na te vayam haviḥ hoṣyāmahe
47. Indeed, those greatly blessed sages, O Jājali, unleashed one hundred and one diseases upon all living beings. They called you, Nahuṣa, a killer of Brahmins (bhrūṇahan), declaring: 'We will not offer you oblations.'
इत्युक्त्वा ते महात्मानः सर्वे तत्त्वार्थदर्शिनः ।
ऋषयो यतयः शान्तास्तरसा प्रत्यवेदयन् ॥४८॥
48. ityuktvā te mahātmānaḥ sarve tattvārthadarśinaḥ ,
ṛṣayo yatayaḥ śāntāstarasā pratyavedayan.
48. iti uktvā te mahātmānaḥ sarve tattvārthadarśinaḥ
ṛṣayaḥ yatayaḥ śāntāḥ tarasā pratyavedayan
48. iti uktvā te sarve mahātmānaḥ tattvārthadarśinaḥ
ṛṣayaḥ yatayaḥ śāntāḥ tarasā pratyavedayan
48. Having spoken thus, all those great-souled (mahātman) sages and peaceful ascetics, who discerned the true essence of reality, swiftly declared.
ईदृशानशिवान्घोरानाचारानिह जाजले ।
केवलाचरितत्वात्तु निपुणान्नावबुध्यसे ॥४९॥
49. īdṛśānaśivānghorānācārāniha jājale ,
kevalācaritatvāttu nipuṇānnāvabudhyase.
49. īdṛśān aśivān ghorān ācārān iha jājale
kevalācaritatvāt tu nipuṇān na avabudhyase
49. jājale iha īdṛśān aśivān ghorān nipuṇān
ācārān kevalācaritatvāt tu na avabudhyase
49. O Jājali, you do not truly comprehend these inauspicious, dreadful, and subtle practices here, because they have been merely followed (by you).
कारणाद्धर्ममन्विच्छेन्न लोकचरितं चरेत् ।
यो हन्याद्यश्च मां स्तौति तत्रापि शृणु जाजले ॥५०॥
50. kāraṇāddharmamanvicchenna lokacaritaṁ caret ,
yo hanyādyaśca māṁ stauti tatrāpi śṛṇu jājale.
50. kāraṇāt dharmam anvicchet na lokacaritam caret
yaḥ hanyāt yaḥ ca mām stauti tatra api śṛṇu jājale
50. jājale kāraṇāt dharmam anvicchet na lokacaritam
caret yaḥ mām hanyāt yaḥ ca stauti tatra api śṛṇu
50. One should seek the natural law (dharma) based on principle, and not merely follow worldly customs (lokacaritam). Listen, O Jājali, even in the case of whoever might kill me and whoever praises me.
समौ तावपि मे स्यातां न हि मे स्तः प्रियाप्रिये ।
एतदीदृशकं धर्मं प्रशंसन्ति मनीषिणः ॥५१॥
51. samau tāvapi me syātāṁ na hi me staḥ priyāpriye ,
etadīdṛśakaṁ dharmaṁ praśaṁsanti manīṣiṇaḥ.
51. samau tau api me syātām na hi me staḥ priyāpriye
etat īdṛśakam dharmam praśaṃsanti manīṣiṇaḥ
51. tau api me samau syātām,
hi me priyāpriye na staḥ manīṣiṇaḥ etat īdṛśakam dharmam praśaṃsanti
51. Both of them (the killer and the praiser) are equal to me; for indeed, I have no 'dear' or 'not dear' (priyāpriye) persons. Wise individuals (manīṣin) praise this kind of (natural) law (dharma).
उपपत्त्या हि संपन्नो यतिभिश्चैव सेव्यते ।
सततं धर्मशीलैश्च नैपुण्येनोपलक्षितः ॥५२॥
52. upapattyā hi saṁpanno yatibhiścaiva sevyate ,
satataṁ dharmaśīlaiśca naipuṇyenopalakṣitaḥ.
52. upapattyā hi sampannaḥ yatibhiḥ ca eva sevyate
satataṃ dharmaśīlaiḥ ca naipuṇyena upalakṣitaḥ
52. hi upapattyā sampannaḥ yatibhiḥ ca eva dharmaśīlaiḥ
ca satataṃ sevyate naipuṇyena upalakṣitaḥ
52. Indeed, one who is endowed with sound reasoning, and is constantly revered by ascetics and by those of righteous (dharma) conduct, is distinguished by excellence.