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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-79

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युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
व्याख्याता क्षत्रधर्मेण वृत्तिरापत्सु भारत ।
कथंचिद्वैश्यधर्मेण जीवेद्वा ब्राह्मणो न वा ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
vyākhyātā kṣatradharmeṇa vṛttirāpatsu bhārata ,
kathaṁcidvaiśyadharmeṇa jīvedvā brāhmaṇo na vā.
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca vyākhyātā kṣatradharmeṇa vṛttiḥ āpatsu
bhārata kathaṃcit vaiśyadharmeṇa jīvet vā brāhmaṇaḥ na vā
1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca.
bhārata,
āpatsu kṣatradharmeṇa vṛttiḥ vyākhyātā.
kathaṃcit brāhmaṇaḥ vaiśyadharmeṇa jīvet vā na vā?
1. Yudhishthira said: "O Bharata, the livelihood (vṛtti) in times of calamity, according to the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a kshatriya, has been explained. But, should a Brahmin somehow subsist by the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a Vaishya, or not?"
भीष्म उवाच ।
अशक्तः क्षत्रधर्मेण वैश्यधर्मेण वर्तयेत् ।
कृषिगोरक्षमास्थाय व्यसने वृत्तिसंक्षये ॥२॥
2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
aśaktaḥ kṣatradharmeṇa vaiśyadharmeṇa vartayet ,
kṛṣigorakṣamāsthāya vyasane vṛttisaṁkṣaye.
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca aśaktaḥ kṣatradharmeṇa vaiśyadharmeṇa
vartayet kṛṣigorakṣam āsthāya vyasane vṛttisaṃkṣaye
2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca.
[yaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ] kṣatradharmeṇa aśaktaḥ [bhavati saḥ],
vyasane vṛttisaṃkṣaye [sati],
kṛṣigorakṣam āsthāya,
vaiśyadharmeṇa vartayet.
2. Bhishma said: "One who is unable to live by the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a kshatriya, should subsist by the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a Vaishya, resorting to agriculture and cattle rearing during a calamity or loss of livelihood."
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कानि पण्यानि विक्रीणन्स्वर्गलोकान्न हीयते ।
ब्राह्मणो वैश्यधर्मेण वर्तयन्भरतर्षभ ॥३॥
3. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kāni paṇyāni vikrīṇansvargalokānna hīyate ,
brāhmaṇo vaiśyadharmeṇa vartayanbharatarṣabha.
3. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kāni paṇyāni vikrīṇan svargalokāt na
hīyate brāhmaṇaḥ vaiśyadharmeṇa vartayan bharatarṣabha
3. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca.
bharatarṣabha,
vaiśyadharmeṇa vartayan brāhmaṇaḥ,
kāni paṇyāni vikrīṇan svargalokāt na hīyate?
3. Yudhishthira said: "O Chief of Bharatas, which marketable goods can a Brahmin sell, while subsisting according to the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a Vaishya, without being deprived of the heavenly worlds?"
भीष्म उवाच ।
सुरा लवणमित्येव तिलान्केसरिणः पशून् ।
ऋषभान्मधु मांसं च कृतान्नं च युधिष्ठिर ॥४॥
4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
surā lavaṇamityeva tilānkesariṇaḥ paśūn ,
ṛṣabhānmadhu māṁsaṁ ca kṛtānnaṁ ca yudhiṣṭhira.
4. bhīṣma uvāca | surā lavaṇam iti eva tilān kesariṇaḥ
paśūn | ṛṣabhān madhu māṃsam ca kṛtānnam ca yudhiṣṭhira
4. bhīṣma uvāca yudhiṣṭhira,
surā,
lavaṇam,
tilān,
kesariṇaḥ,
paśūn,
ṛṣabhān,
madhu,
māṃsam ca,
kṛtānnam ca iti eva
4. Bhishma said: O Yudhishthira, liquor, salt, sesame seeds, fierce animals (like lions), (other) animals, bulls, honey, meat, and cooked food (are items to be avoided).
सर्वास्ववस्थास्वेतानि ब्राह्मणः परिवर्जयेत् ।
एतेषां विक्रयात्तात ब्राह्मणो नरकं व्रजेत् ॥५॥
5. sarvāsvavasthāsvetāni brāhmaṇaḥ parivarjayet ,
eteṣāṁ vikrayāttāta brāhmaṇo narakaṁ vrajet.
5. sarvāsu avasthāsu etāni brāhmaṇaḥ parivarjayet
| eteṣām vikrayāt tāta brāhmaṇaḥ narakam vrajet
5. brāhmaṇaḥ sarvāsu avasthāsu etāni parivarjayet tāta,
eteṣām vikrayāt brāhmaṇaḥ narakam vrajet
5. A Brahmin should avoid (trading in) these (items) in all circumstances. My dear, by selling these, a Brahmin would go to hell.
अजोऽग्निर्वरुणो मेषः सूर्योऽश्वः पृथिवी विराट् ।
धेनुर्यज्ञश्च सोमश्च न विक्रेयाः कथंचन ॥६॥
6. ajo'gnirvaruṇo meṣaḥ sūryo'śvaḥ pṛthivī virāṭ ,
dhenuryajñaśca somaśca na vikreyāḥ kathaṁcana.
6. ajaḥ agniḥ varuṇaḥ meṣaḥ sūryaḥ aśvaḥ pṛthivī virāṭ
| dhenuḥ yajñaḥ ca somaḥ ca na विक्रेयाः kathaṃcana
6. ajaḥ,
agniḥ,
varuṇaḥ,
meṣaḥ,
sūryaḥ,
aśvaḥ,
pṛthivī,
virāṭ,
dhenuḥ,
yajñaḥ ca,
somaḥ ca na kathaṃcana vikreyāḥ
6. A goat, (the element of) fire (Agni), (the god) Varuna, a ram, (the god) Surya, a horse, the Earth, the universal being (Virāṭ), a cow, a sacred ritual (yajña), and the Soma (plant/drink) should never be sold by any means.
पक्वेनामस्य निमयं न प्रशंसन्ति साधवः ।
निमयेत्पक्वमामेन भोजनार्थाय भारत ॥७॥
7. pakvenāmasya nimayaṁ na praśaṁsanti sādhavaḥ ,
nimayetpakvamāmena bhojanārthāya bhārata.
7. pakvena āmasya nimayam na praśaṃsanti sādhavaḥ
| nimayet pakvam āmena bhojanārthāya bhārata
7. sādhavaḥ pakvena āmasya nimayam na praśaṃsanti bhārata,
bhojanārthāya pakvam āmena nimayet
7. Virtuous people (sādhavaḥ) do not approve of exchanging cooked food for uncooked (provisions/materials). However, O Bhārata, one may exchange cooked (food) for uncooked (provisions) if it is for the sake of food (i.e., consumption, not trade).
वयं सिद्धमशिष्यामो भवान्साधयतामिदम् ।
एवं समीक्ष्य निमयन्नाधर्मोऽस्ति कदाचन ॥८॥
8. vayaṁ siddhamaśiṣyāmo bhavānsādhayatāmidam ,
evaṁ samīkṣya nimayannādharmo'sti kadācana.
8. vayam siddham aśiṣyāmaḥ bhavān sādhayatām idam
evam samīkṣya niyamayan na adharmaḥ asti kadācana
8. vayam siddham aśiṣyāmaḥ bhavān idam sādhayatām evam samīkṣya niyamayan,
kadācana adharmaḥ na asti
8. We shall teach what is established; you should accomplish this. Considering it in this way and regulating it, there will never be unrighteousness (adharma).
अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि यथा धर्मः पुरातनः ।
व्यवहारप्रवृत्तानां तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥९॥
9. atra te vartayiṣyāmi yathā dharmaḥ purātanaḥ ,
vyavahārapravṛttānāṁ tannibodha yudhiṣṭhira.
9. atra te vartayiṣyāmi yathā dharmaḥ purātanaḥ
vyavahāra-pravṛttānām tat nibodha yudhiṣṭhira
9. atra te yathā purātanaḥ dharmaḥ vyavahāra-pravṛttānām vartayiṣyāmi,
yudhiṣṭhira tat nibodha
9. Here I will explain to you how the ancient natural law (dharma) operates for those engaged in worldly affairs. Listen to that, Yudhishthira.
भवतेऽहं ददानीदं भवानेतत्प्रयच्छतु ।
रुचिते वर्तते धर्मो न बलात्संप्रवर्तते ॥१०॥
10. bhavate'haṁ dadānīdaṁ bhavānetatprayacchatu ,
rucite vartate dharmo na balātsaṁpravartate.
10. bhavate aham dadāmi idam bhavān etat prayacchatu
rucite vartate dharmaḥ na balāt saṃpravartate
10. aham bhavate idam dadāmi; bhavān etat prayacchatu.
dharmaḥ rucite vartate,
na balāt saṃpravartate
10. I give this to you; you, in turn, should give that. Natural law (dharma) functions through willingness; it does not proceed by coercion.
इत्येवं संप्रवर्तन्त व्यवहाराः पुरातनाः ।
ऋषीणामितरेषां च साधु चेदमसंशयम् ॥११॥
11. ityevaṁ saṁpravartanta vyavahārāḥ purātanāḥ ,
ṛṣīṇāmitareṣāṁ ca sādhu cedamasaṁśayam.
11. iti evam saṃpravartanta vyavahārāḥ purātanāḥ
ṛṣīṇām itareṣām ca sādhu ca idam asaṃśayam
11. iti evam purātanāḥ vyavahārāḥ saṃpravartanta.
ca ṛṣīṇām itareṣām ca idam sādhu asaṃśayam
11. Thus, ancient practices and dealings operated. And for sages and others, this was undoubtedly proper.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अथ तात यदा सर्वाः शस्त्रमाददते प्रजाः ।
व्युत्क्रामन्ति स्वधर्मेभ्यः क्षत्रस्य क्षीयते बलम् ॥१२॥
12. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
atha tāta yadā sarvāḥ śastramādadate prajāḥ ,
vyutkrāmanti svadharmebhyaḥ kṣatrasya kṣīyate balam.
12. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | atha tāta yadā sarvāḥ śastram ādadate
prajāḥ | vyutkrāmanti sva-dharmebhyaḥ kṣatrasya kṣīyate balam
12. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca tāta atha yadā sarvāḥ prajāḥ śastram
ādadate sva-dharmebhyaḥ vyutkrāmanti kṣatrasya balam kṣīyate
12. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "Now, dear father, when all the people (prajāḥ) take up weapons, they deviate from their own intrinsic natures (sva-dharma), and the strength of the warrior class (kṣatra) diminishes."
राजा त्राता न लोके स्यात्किं तदा स्यात्परायणम् ।
एतन्मे संशयं ब्रूहि विस्तरेण पितामह ॥१३॥
13. rājā trātā na loke syātkiṁ tadā syātparāyaṇam ,
etanme saṁśayaṁ brūhi vistareṇa pitāmaha.
13. rājā trātā na loke syāt kim tadā syāt parāyaṇam
| etat me saṃśayam brūhi vistareṇa pitāmaha
13. rājā trātā loke na syāt kim tadā syāt parāyaṇam
pitāmaha etat me saṃśayam vistareṇa brūhi
13. "If there is no protector (trātā) king (rājā) in the world, what then would be the ultimate refuge (parāyaṇa)? Please explain this doubt of mine in detail, O grandfather."
भीष्म उवाच ।
दानेन तपसा यज्ञैरद्रोहेण दमेन च ।
ब्राह्मणप्रमुखा वर्णाः क्षेममिच्छेयुरात्मनः ॥१४॥
14. bhīṣma uvāca ,
dānena tapasā yajñairadroheṇa damena ca ,
brāhmaṇapramukhā varṇāḥ kṣemamiccheyurātmanaḥ.
14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | dānena tapasā yajñaiḥ adroheṇa damena
ca | brāhmaṇa-pramukhāḥ varṇāḥ kṣemam iccheyuḥ ātmanaḥ
14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca brāhmaṇa-pramukhāḥ varṇāḥ dānena tapasā
yajñaiḥ adroheṇa damena ca ātmanaḥ kṣemam iccheyuḥ
14. Bhīṣma said: "The social classes (varṇāḥ), led by the Brahmins, should desire the well-being (kṣema) of their inner self (ātman) through charity (dāna), austerity (tapas), sacrificial rituals (yajña), non-malice, and self-restraint."
तेषां ये वेदबलिनस्त उत्थाय समन्ततः ।
राज्ञो बलं वर्धयेयुर्महेन्द्रस्येव देवताः ॥१५॥
15. teṣāṁ ye vedabalinasta utthāya samantataḥ ,
rājño balaṁ vardhayeyurmahendrasyeva devatāḥ.
15. teṣām ye veda-balinaḥ te utthāya samantataḥ |
rājñaḥ balam vardhayeyuḥ mahendrasya iva devatāḥ
15. teṣām ye veda-balinaḥ te samantataḥ utthāya
rājñaḥ balam vardhayeyuḥ mahendrasya devatāḥ iva
15. Among them, those who are strong in Vedic knowledge should rise up from all sides and increase the king's strength, just as the deities (devatāḥ) strengthen Mahendra.
राज्ञो हि क्षीयमाणस्य ब्रह्मैवाहुः परायणम् ।
तस्माद्ब्रह्मबलेनैव समुत्थेयं विजानता ॥१६॥
16. rājño hi kṣīyamāṇasya brahmaivāhuḥ parāyaṇam ,
tasmādbrahmabalenaiva samuttheyaṁ vijānatā.
16. rājñaḥ hi kṣīyamāṇasya brahma eva āhuḥ parāyaṇam
tasmāt brahmabalena eva samuttheyam vijānatā
16. hi kṣīyamāṇasya rājñaḥ brahma eva parāyaṇam āhuḥ
tasmāt vijānatā brahmabalena eva samuttheyam
16. Indeed, for a king whose power is diminishing, they say that spiritual knowledge (brahman) is the ultimate refuge. Therefore, a discerning person should rise up by the power of spiritual knowledge (brahman) alone.
यदा तु विजयी राजा क्षेमं राष्ट्रेऽभिसंदधेत् ।
तदा वर्णा यथाधर्ममाविशेयुः स्वकर्मसु ॥१७॥
17. yadā tu vijayī rājā kṣemaṁ rāṣṭre'bhisaṁdadhet ,
tadā varṇā yathādharmamāviśeyuḥ svakarmasu.
17. yadā tu vijayī rājā kṣemam rāṣṭre abhisaṃdadhet
tadā varṇā yathādhamam āviśeyuḥ svakarmasu
17. yadā tu vijayī rājā rāṣṭre kṣemam abhisaṃdadhet
tadā varṇā yathādhamam svakarmasu āviśeyuḥ
17. But when a victorious king establishes prosperity in his kingdom, then the social classes (varṇa) should engage in their respective duties (karma) in accordance with their natural law (dharma).
उन्मर्यादे प्रवृत्ते तु दस्युभिः संकरे कृते ।
सर्वे वर्णा न दुष्येयुः शस्त्रवन्तो युधिष्ठिर ॥१८॥
18. unmaryāde pravṛtte tu dasyubhiḥ saṁkare kṛte ,
sarve varṇā na duṣyeyuḥ śastravanto yudhiṣṭhira.
18. unmaryāde pravṛtte tu dasyubhiḥ saṃkare kṛte
sarve varṇā na duṣyeyuḥ śastravantaḥ yudhiṣṭhira
18. tu unmaryāde pravṛtte dasyubhiḥ saṃkare kṛte
yudhiṣṭhira sarve śastravantaḥ varṇā na duṣyeyuḥ
18. But when order is transgressed and confusion (saṃkara) is created by robbers, then all social classes (varṇa) who bear arms should not be blamed, O Yudhiṣṭhira.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अथ चेत्सर्वतः क्षत्रं प्रदुष्येद्ब्राह्मणान्प्रति ।
कस्तस्य ब्राह्मणस्त्राता को धर्मः किं परायणम् ॥१९॥
19. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
atha cetsarvataḥ kṣatraṁ praduṣyedbrāhmaṇānprati ,
kastasya brāhmaṇastrātā ko dharmaḥ kiṁ parāyaṇam.
19. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca atha cet
sarvataḥ kṣatram praduṣyet brāhmaṇān
prati kaḥ tasya brāhmaṇaḥ
trātā kaḥ dharmaḥ kim parāyaṇam
19. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca atha cet sarvataḥ kṣatram brāhmaṇān prati praduṣyet,
tasya brāhmaṇaḥ trātā kaḥ? dharmaḥ kaḥ? parāyaṇam kim?
19. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "Now, if the entire warrior class (kṣatra) were to become corrupted against the Brahmins, who would be the protector for those Brahmins? What would be their natural law (dharma)? What would be their ultimate refuge?"
भीष्म उवाच ।
तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण शस्त्रेण च बलेन च ।
अमायया मायया च नियन्तव्यं तदा भवेत् ॥२०॥
20. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tapasā brahmacaryeṇa śastreṇa ca balena ca ,
amāyayā māyayā ca niyantavyaṁ tadā bhavet.
20. भीष्मः उवाच तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण शस्त्रेण च
बलेन च अमायया मायया च नियन्तव्यम् तदा भवेत्
20. तदा तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण शस्त्रेण च बलेन
च अमायया च मायया च नियन्तव्यम् भवेत्
20. Bhishma said: Then, it should be controlled by means of austerity (tapas), celibacy, weapons, strength, as well as by honesty (amāyā) and by deceit (māyā).
क्षत्रस्याभिप्रवृद्धस्य ब्राह्मणेषु विशेषतः ।
ब्रह्मैव संनियन्तृ स्यात्क्षत्रं हि ब्रह्मसंभवम् ॥२१॥
21. kṣatrasyābhipravṛddhasya brāhmaṇeṣu viśeṣataḥ ,
brahmaiva saṁniyantṛ syātkṣatraṁ hi brahmasaṁbhavam.
21. क्षत्रस्य अभिप्रवृद्धस्य ब्राह्मणेषु विशेषतः ब्रह्म
एव संनियन्तृ स्यात् क्षत्रम् हि ब्रह्मसंभवम्
21. अभिप्रवृद्धस्य क्षत्रस्य ब्राह्मणेषु विशेषतः ब्रह्म
एव संनियन्तृ स्यात् हि क्षत्रम् ब्रह्मसंभवम्
21. For a greatly flourishing warrior class (kṣatra), especially concerning Brahmins, only the Brahmin class (Brahman) should be its controller, for the warrior class (kṣatra) indeed originates from the Brahmin class (Brahman).
अद्भ्योऽग्निर्ब्रह्मतः क्षत्रमश्मनो लोहमुत्थितम् ।
तेषां सर्वत्रगं तेजः स्वासु योनिषु शाम्यति ॥२२॥
22. adbhyo'gnirbrahmataḥ kṣatramaśmano lohamutthitam ,
teṣāṁ sarvatragaṁ tejaḥ svāsu yoniṣu śāmyati.
22. अद्भ्यः अग्निः ब्रह्मतः क्षत्रम् अश्मनः लोहम्
उत्थितम् तेषाम् सर्वत्रगम् तेजः स्वासु योनिषु शाम्यति
22. अद्भ्यः अग्निः,
ब्रह्मतः क्षत्रम्,
अश्मनः लोहम् उत्थितम्तेषाम् सर्वत्रगम् तेजः स्वासु योनिषु शाम्यति।
22. Fire arises from water, the warrior class (kṣatra) from the Brahmin class (Brahman), and iron from stone. The all-pervading energy (tejas) of these subsides within their respective origins.
यदा छिनत्त्ययोऽश्मानमग्निश्चापोऽभिपद्यते ।
क्षत्रं च ब्राह्मणं द्वेष्टि तदा शाम्यन्ति ते त्रयः ॥२३॥
23. yadā chinattyayo'śmānamagniścāpo'bhipadyate ,
kṣatraṁ ca brāhmaṇaṁ dveṣṭi tadā śāmyanti te trayaḥ.
23. यदा छिनत्ति अयः अश्मानम् अग्निः च आपः अभिपद्यते
क्षत्रम् च ब्राह्मणम् द्वेष्टि तदा शाम्यन्ति ते त्रयः
23. यदा अयः अश्मानम् छिनत्ति,
अग्निः च आपः अभिपद्यते,
क्षत्रम् च ब्राह्मणम् द्वेष्टि,
तदा ते त्रयः शाम्यन्ति।
23. When iron cuts stone, and fire seeks to overcome water, and the warrior class (kṣatra) shows hostility towards the Brahmin class (Brahman), then those three indeed subside.
तस्माद्ब्रह्मणि शाम्यन्ति क्षत्रियाणां युधिष्ठिर ।
समुदीर्णान्यजेयानि तेजांसि च बलानि च ॥२४॥
24. tasmādbrahmaṇi śāmyanti kṣatriyāṇāṁ yudhiṣṭhira ,
samudīrṇānyajeyāni tejāṁsi ca balāni ca.
24. tasmāt brahmaṇi śāmyanti kṣatriyāṇām yudhiṣṭhira
samudīrṇāni ajeyāni tejāṃsi ca balāni ca
24. yudhiṣṭhira,
tasmāt kṣatriyāṇām samudīrṇāni ajeyāni tejāṃsi ca balāni ca brahmaṇi śāmyanti
24. Therefore, O Yudhiṣṭhira, the intensified and unconquerable powers (tejas) and strengths of Kṣatriyas subside in the spiritual power of a Brahmin.
ब्रह्मवीर्ये मृदूभूते क्षत्रवीर्ये च दुर्बले ।
दुष्टेषु सर्ववर्णेषु ब्राह्मणान्प्रति सर्वशः ॥२५॥
25. brahmavīrye mṛdūbhūte kṣatravīrye ca durbale ,
duṣṭeṣu sarvavarṇeṣu brāhmaṇānprati sarvaśaḥ.
25. brahmavīrye mṛdūbhūte kṣatravīrye ca durbalé
duṣṭeṣu sarvavarṇeṣu brāhmaṇān prati sarvaśaḥ
25. brahmavīrye mṛdūbhūte ca kṣatravīrye durbalé,
sarvavarṇeṣu brāhmaṇān prati sarvaśaḥ duṣṭeṣu
25. When the spiritual power (brahmavīrya) has become weakened, and the Kṣatriya power (kṣatravīrya) is feeble; when all social classes (varṇa) are corrupt, especially towards Brahmins in every respect...
ये तत्र युद्धं कुर्वन्ति त्यक्त्वा जीवितमात्मनः ।
ब्राह्मणान्परिरक्षन्तो धर्ममात्मानमेव च ॥२६॥
26. ye tatra yuddhaṁ kurvanti tyaktvā jīvitamātmanaḥ ,
brāhmaṇānparirakṣanto dharmamātmānameva ca.
26. ye tatra yuddham kurvanti tyaktvā jīvitam ātmanaḥ
brāhmaṇān parirakṣantaḥ dharmam ātmānam eva ca
26. ye tatra ātmanaḥ jīvitam tyaktvā brāhmaṇān dharmam
eva ātmānam ca parirakṣantaḥ yuddham kurvanti
26. Those who, in such a situation, fight, abandoning their own lives, protecting Brahmins, and indeed protecting their duty (dharma) and their very selves (ātman)...
मनस्विनो मन्युमन्तः पुण्यलोका भवन्ति ते ।
ब्राह्मणार्थं हि सर्वेषां शस्त्रग्रहणमिष्यते ॥२७॥
27. manasvino manyumantaḥ puṇyalokā bhavanti te ,
brāhmaṇārthaṁ hi sarveṣāṁ śastragrahaṇamiṣyate.
27. manasvinaḥ manyumantaḥ puṇyalokāḥ bhavanti te
brāhmaṇārtham hi sarveṣām śastragrahaṇam iṣyate
27. te manasvinaḥ manyumantaḥ puṇyalokāḥ bhavanti.
hi brāhmaṇārtham sarveṣām śastragrahaṇam iṣyate
27. Those noble-minded and zealous individuals attain the sacred realms (puṇyaloka). For indeed, the taking up of arms by all (classes) is sanctioned for the sake of Brahmins.
अति स्विष्टस्वधीतानां लोकानति तपस्विनाम् ।
अनाशकाग्न्योर्विशतां शूरा यान्ति परां गतिम् ।
एवमेवात्मनस्त्यागान्नान्यं धर्मं विदुर्जनाः ॥२८॥
28. ati sviṣṭasvadhītānāṁ lokānati tapasvinām ,
anāśakāgnyorviśatāṁ śūrā yānti parāṁ gatim ,
evamevātmanastyāgānnānyaṁ dharmaṁ vidurjanāḥ.
28. ati sviṣṭa-svadhītānām lokān ati
tapasvinām anāśaka-agnyoḥ viśatām śūrāḥ
yānti parām gatim evam eva ātmanaḥ
tyāgāt na anyam dharmam viduḥ janāḥ
28. śūrāḥ yānti parām gatim ati
sviṣṭa-svadhītānām lokān ati tapasvinām
anāśaka-agnyoḥ viśatām evam eva janāḥ
ātmanaḥ tyāgāt anyam dharmam na viduḥ
28. Heroes who sacrifice themselves through fasting or by entering fire attain the supreme destination. This destination is beyond the worlds achieved by those who have performed excellent sacrifices and studied diligently, and also beyond those attained by ascetics. Similarly, people know no other natural law (dharma) than the giving up (tyāga) of oneself.
तेभ्यो नमश्च भद्रं च ये शरीराणि जुह्वति ।
ब्रह्मद्विषो नियच्छन्तस्तेषां नोऽस्तु सलोकता ।
ब्रह्मलोकजितः स्वर्ग्यान्वीरांस्तान्मनुरब्रवीत् ॥२९॥
29. tebhyo namaśca bhadraṁ ca ye śarīrāṇi juhvati ,
brahmadviṣo niyacchantasteṣāṁ no'stu salokatā ,
brahmalokajitaḥ svargyānvīrāṁstānmanurabravīt.
29. tebhyaḥ namaḥ ca bhadram ca ye śarīrāṇi
juhvati brahma-dviṣaḥ niyacchantaḥ
teṣām naḥ astu salokatā brahma-loka-jitaḥ
svargyān vīrān tān manuḥ abravīt
29. namaḥ ca bhadram ca tebhyaḥ ye śarīrāṇi
juhvati naḥ astu salokatā teṣām ye
brahma-dviṣaḥ niyacchantaḥ manuḥ abravīt
tān vīrān brahma-loka-jitaḥ svargyān
29. Salutations and blessings to those who offer their bodies (as a sacrifice). May we share the same world (salokatā) with those who restrain the haters of the Absolute (Brahman). Manu declared those heroes to be conquerors of the world of the Absolute (brahmaloka) and worthy of heaven.
यथाश्वमेधावभृथे स्नाताः पूता भवन्त्युत ।
दुष्कृतः सुकृतश्चैव तथा शस्त्रहता रणे ॥३०॥
30. yathāśvamedhāvabhṛthe snātāḥ pūtā bhavantyuta ,
duṣkṛtaḥ sukṛtaścaiva tathā śastrahatā raṇe.
30. yathā aśvamedhāvabhṛthe snātāḥ pūtāḥ bhavanti uta
duṣkṛtaḥ sukṛtaḥ ca eva tathā śastrahatāḥ raṇe
30. yathā aśvamedhāvabhṛthe snātāḥ pūtāḥ bhavanti uta
tathā raṇe śastrahatāḥ duṣkṛtaḥ ca eva sukṛtaḥ
30. Just as those who bathe in the concluding purification bath (avabhṛtha) of an Ashvamedha Vedic ritual (yajña) become purified, similarly, both those who have committed misdeeds and those who have performed good deeds, when slain by weapons in battle, become purified.
भवत्यधर्मो धर्मो हि धर्माधर्मावुभावपि ।
कारणाद्देशकालस्य देशकालः स तादृशः ॥३१॥
31. bhavatyadharmo dharmo hi dharmādharmāvubhāvapi ,
kāraṇāddeśakālasya deśakālaḥ sa tādṛśaḥ.
31. bhavati adharmaḥ dharmaḥ hi dharma-adharmau ubhau
api kāraṇāt deśa-kālasya deśa-kālaḥ saḥ tādṛśaḥ
31. hi adharmaḥ dharmaḥ bhavati api ubhau dharma-adharmau (bhavataḥ)
deśa-kālasya kāraṇāt saḥ deśa-kālaḥ tādṛśaḥ (bhavati)
31. Indeed, what is considered unrighteousness (adharma) can become righteousness (dharma), and both righteousness and unrighteousness (dharma and adharma) themselves are determined by the specific circumstances of place and time. Such is the nature of that particular place and time.
मैत्राः क्रूराणि कुर्वन्तो जयन्ति स्वर्गमुत्तमम् ।
धर्म्याः पापानि कुर्वन्तो गच्छन्ति परमां गतिम् ॥३२॥
32. maitrāḥ krūrāṇi kurvanto jayanti svargamuttamam ,
dharmyāḥ pāpāni kurvanto gacchanti paramāṁ gatim.
32. maitrāḥ krūrāṇi kurvantaḥ jayanti svargam uttamam
dharmyāḥ pāpāni kurvantaḥ gacchanti paramām gatim
32. maitrāḥ krūrāṇi kurvantaḥ uttamam svargam jayanti
dharmyāḥ pāpāni kurvantaḥ paramām gatim gacchanti
32. Even benevolent individuals, when performing cruel acts, conquer the supreme heaven. Similarly, those who uphold natural law (dharma), even when committing sins, attain the highest destination.
ब्राह्मणस्त्रिषु कालेषु शस्त्रं गृह्णन्न दुष्यति ।
आत्मत्राणे वर्णदोषे दुर्गस्य नियमेषु च ॥३३॥
33. brāhmaṇastriṣu kāleṣu śastraṁ gṛhṇanna duṣyati ,
ātmatrāṇe varṇadoṣe durgasya niyameṣu ca.
33. brāhmaṇaḥ triṣu kāleṣu śastram gṛhṇan na
duṣyati ātmatrāṇe varṇadoṣe durgasya niyameṣu ca
33. brāhmaṇaḥ triṣu kāleṣu śastram gṛhṇan na duṣyati: ātmatrāṇe,
varṇadoṣe,
ca durgasya niyameṣu.
33. A Brahmin, even when bearing a weapon, is not considered tainted in three specific circumstances: for self-preservation (ātmatrāṇa), when there is a defect in the social order (varṇa), and in accordance with the rules for defending a fortress.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अभ्युत्थिते दस्युबले क्षत्रार्थे वर्णसंकरे ।
संप्रमूढेषु वर्णेषु यद्यन्योऽभिभवेद्बली ॥३४॥
34. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
abhyutthite dasyubale kṣatrārthe varṇasaṁkare ,
saṁpramūḍheṣu varṇeṣu yadyanyo'bhibhavedbalī.
34. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca abhyutthite dasyubale kṣatrārthe
varṇasaṅkare sampramūḍheṣu varṇeṣu yadi anyaḥ abhibhavet balī
34. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca: yadi dasyubale abhyutthite,
kṣatrārthe,
varṇasaṅkare,
[ca] sampramūḍheṣu varṇeṣu,
[tadā] anyaḥ balī abhibhavet [kim?]
34. Yudhishthira said: "When the strength of bandits has risen, when the purpose of the warrior class (kṣatra) is compromised, when there is a confusion of social orders (varṇa saṃkara), and when the various social orders (varṇa) are utterly bewildered - if, then, a powerful individual were to overcome (the situation)..."
ब्राह्मणो यदि वा वैश्यः शूद्रो वा राजसत्तम ।
दस्युभ्योऽथ प्रजा रक्षेद्दण्डं धर्मेण धारयन् ॥३५॥
35. brāhmaṇo yadi vā vaiśyaḥ śūdro vā rājasattama ,
dasyubhyo'tha prajā rakṣeddaṇḍaṁ dharmeṇa dhārayan.
35. brāhmaṇaḥ yadi vā vaiśyaḥ śūdraḥ vā rājasattama
dasyubhyaḥ atha prajā rakṣet daṇḍam dharmeṇa dhārayan
35. rājasattama,
yadi brāhmaṇaḥ vā vaiśyaḥ vā śūdraḥ [anyatamaḥ],
[saḥ eva] atha dasyubhyaḥ prajā rakṣet,
[ca] daṇḍam dharmeṇa dhārayan [syāt].
35. "O best of kings, whether it be a Brahmin, or a Vaishya, or even a Shudra - that person, wielding the rod of authority in accordance with natural law (dharma), should then protect the people from bandits."
कार्यं कुर्यान्न वा कुर्यात्संवार्यो वा भवेन्न वा ।
न स्म शस्त्रं ग्रहीतव्यमन्यत्र क्षत्रबन्धुतः ॥३६॥
36. kāryaṁ kuryānna vā kuryātsaṁvāryo vā bhavenna vā ,
na sma śastraṁ grahītavyamanyatra kṣatrabandhutaḥ.
36. kāryam kuryāt na vā kuryāt saṃvāryaḥ vā bhavet na vā
na sma śastram grahītavyam anyatra kṣatrabandhutaḥ
36. (janaḥ) kāryam vā kuryāt na vā kuryāt,
saṃvāryaḥ vā bhavet na vā.
śastram kṣatrabandhutaḥ anyatra na sma grahītavyam.
36. Whether a duty (karma) is performed or not, whether one is to be protected or not, a weapon should certainly not be taken up by anyone other than one belonging to the warrior class (kṣatrabandhu).
भीष्म उवाच ।
अपारे यो भवेत्पारमप्लवे यः प्लवो भवेत् ।
शूद्रो वा यदि वाप्यन्यः सर्वथा मानमर्हति ॥३७॥
37. bhīṣma uvāca ,
apāre yo bhavetpāramaplave yaḥ plavo bhavet ,
śūdro vā yadi vāpyanyaḥ sarvathā mānamarhati.
37. bhīṣma uvāca apare yaḥ bhavet pāram aplave yaḥ plavaḥ
bhavet śūdraḥ vā yadi vā api anyaḥ sarvathā mānam arhati
37. bhīṣma uvāca yaḥ apare pāram bhavet,
yaḥ aplave plavaḥ bhavet,
saḥ śūdraḥ vā yadi vā api anyaḥ (bhavet),
(saḥ) sarvathā mānam arhati.
37. Bhishma said: "Whoever becomes the shore for those who are shoreless, whoever becomes a boat for those who are without a boat – whether that person is a Śūdra or anyone else, that individual certainly deserves respect in every way."
यमाश्रित्य नरा राजन्वर्तयेयुर्यथासुखम् ।
अनाथाः पाल्यमाना वै दस्युभिः परिपीडिताः ॥३८॥
38. yamāśritya narā rājanvartayeyuryathāsukham ,
anāthāḥ pālyamānā vai dasyubhiḥ paripīḍitāḥ.
38. yam āśritya narāḥ rājan vartayeyuḥ yathāsukham
anāthāḥ pālyamānāḥ vai dasyubhiḥ paripīḍitāḥ
38. rājan,
yam āśritya anāthāḥ dasyubhiḥ paripīḍitāḥ (ca) pālyamānāḥ narāḥ yathāsukham vartayeyuḥ.
38. O King, those helpless people, tormented by bandits, who are being protected and live happily by relying on him...
तमेव पूजयेरंस्ते प्रीत्या स्वमिव बान्धवम् ।
महद्ध्यभीक्ष्णं कौरव्य कर्ता सन्मानमर्हति ॥३९॥
39. tameva pūjayeraṁste prītyā svamiva bāndhavam ,
mahaddhyabhīkṣṇaṁ kauravya kartā sanmānamarhati.
39. tam eva pūjayeyuḥ te prītyā svam iva bāndhavam
mahat hi abhīkṣṇam kauravya kartā sanmānam arhati
39. te tam eva prītyā svam bāndhavam iva pūjayeyuḥ.
hi kauravya,
(saḥ) kartā abhīkṣṇam mahat sanmānam arhati.
39. They would worship that very person with affection as their own kinsman. Indeed, O Kauravya, one who acts repeatedly deserves great honor.
किमुक्ष्णावहता कृत्यं किं धेन्वा चाप्यदुग्धया ।
वन्ध्यया भार्यया कोऽर्थः कोऽर्थो राज्ञाप्यरक्षता ॥४०॥
40. kimukṣṇāvahatā kṛtyaṁ kiṁ dhenvā cāpyadugdhayā ,
vandhyayā bhāryayā ko'rthaḥ ko'rtho rājñāpyarakṣatā.
40. kim ukṣṇā avahatā kṛtyam kim dhenvā ca api adugdhyayā
vandhyayā bhāryayā kaḥ arthaḥ kaḥ arthaḥ rājñā api arakṣatā
40. ukṣṇā avahatā kṛtyam kim dhenvā adugdhyayā ca api kim
vandhyayā bhāryayā kaḥ arthaḥ rājñā arakṣatā api kaḥ arthaḥ
40. What is the use of an incapacitated ox? What purpose does an unmilked cow serve? What is the point of a barren wife? And what is the use of a king who fails to protect?
यथा दारुमयो हस्ती यथा चर्ममयो मृगः ।
यथा ह्यनेत्रः शकटः पथि क्षेत्रं यथोषरम् ॥४१॥
41. yathā dārumayo hastī yathā carmamayo mṛgaḥ ,
yathā hyanetraḥ śakaṭaḥ pathi kṣetraṁ yathoṣaram.
41. yathā dārumayaḥ hastī yathā carmamayaḥ mṛgaḥ yathā
hi anetraḥ śakaṭaḥ pathi kṣetram yathā ūṣaram
41. yathā dārumayaḥ hastī yathā carmamayaḥ mṛgaḥ yathā
hi anetraḥ śakaṭaḥ pathi yathā ūṣaram kṣetram
41. Just as a wooden elephant [is useless], and just as a deer made of hide [is useless]. Similarly, a cart without its oxen (or 'eyes') on the road, and a barren field [are useless].
एवं ब्रह्मानधीयानं राजा यश्च न रक्षिता ।
न वर्षति च यो मेघः सर्व एते निरर्थकाः ॥४२॥
42. evaṁ brahmānadhīyānaṁ rājā yaśca na rakṣitā ,
na varṣati ca yo meghaḥ sarva ete nirarthakāḥ.
42. evam brahma anadhīyānam rājā yaḥ ca na rakṣitā
na varṣati ca yaḥ meghaḥ sarve ete nirarthakāḥ
42. evam brahma anadhīyānam ca yaḥ rājā na rakṣitā
ca yaḥ meghaḥ na varṣati ete sarve nirarthakāḥ
42. Thus, a person who does not study sacred knowledge (brahman), and a king who does not protect, and a cloud that does not rain - all these are useless.
नित्यं यस्तु सतो रक्षेदसतश्च निबर्हयेत् ।
स एव राजा कर्तव्यस्तेन सर्वमिदं धृतम् ॥४३॥
43. nityaṁ yastu sato rakṣedasataśca nibarhayet ,
sa eva rājā kartavyastena sarvamidaṁ dhṛtam.
43. nityam yaḥ tu sataḥ rakṣet asataḥ ca nibarhayet
saḥ eva rājā kartavyaḥ tena sarvam idam dhṛtam
43. tu yaḥ nityam sataḥ rakṣet ca asataḥ nibarhayet
saḥ eva rājā kartavyaḥ tena idam sarvam dhṛtam
43. However, one who always protects the good (sat) and eradicates the evil (asat) - only he should be appointed as king. By such a one, this entire world is sustained.