Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-97

Use the following checkboxes to set the display options for this chapter (You can also control the display of each verse separately):
what would you like to see in each verse:
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यदिदं श्राद्धधर्मेषु दीयते भरतर्षभ ।
छत्रं चोपानहौ चैव केनैतत्संप्रवर्तितम् ।
कथं चैतत्समुत्पन्नं किमर्थं च प्रदीयते ॥१॥
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yadidaṁ śrāddhadharmeṣu dīyate bharatarṣabha ,
chatraṁ copānahau caiva kenaitatsaṁpravartitam ,
kathaṁ caitatsamutpannaṁ kimarthaṁ ca pradīyate.
1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca yat idam śrāddha-dharmeṣu
dīyate bharatarṣabha chatram ca upānahau
ca eva kena etat sampravartitam katham
ca etat samutpannam kimartham ca pradīyate
1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O best of the Bhāratas (bharatarṣabha), this which is given during ancestral rites (śrāddha) – an umbrella and footwear – by whom was this established? How did this originate, and for what purpose is it given?
न केवलं श्राद्धधर्मे पुण्यकेष्वपि दीयते ।
एतद्विस्तरतो राजञ्श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः ॥२॥
2. na kevalaṁ śrāddhadharme puṇyakeṣvapi dīyate ,
etadvistarato rājañśrotumicchāmi tattvataḥ.
2. na kevalam śrāddha-dharme puṇyakeṣu api dīyate
etat vistaratáḥ rājan śrotum icchāmi tattvátaḥ
2. It is not given only in connection with ancestral rites (śrāddha), but also in meritorious acts. O King (rājan), I wish to hear about this extensively and accurately.
भीष्म उवाच ।
शृणु राजन्नवहितश्छत्रोपानहविस्तरम् ।
यथैतत्प्रथितं लोके येन चैतत्प्रवर्तितम् ॥३॥
3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śṛṇu rājannavahitaśchatropānahavistaram ,
yathaitatprathitaṁ loke yena caitatpravartitam.
3. bhīṣma uvāca śṛṇu rājan avahitaḥ chatropānahavistaram
yathā etat prathitam loke yena ca etat pravartitam
3. Bhīṣma said: Hear, O King (rājan), attentively, the extensive account of umbrellas and footwear, how this became well-known in the world, and by whom it was established.
यथा चाक्षय्यतां प्राप्तं पुण्यतां च यथा गतम् ।
सर्वमेतदशेषेण प्रवक्ष्यामि जनाधिप ॥४॥
4. yathā cākṣayyatāṁ prāptaṁ puṇyatāṁ ca yathā gatam ,
sarvametadaśeṣeṇa pravakṣyāmi janādhipa.
4. yathā ca akṣayyatām prāptam puṇyatām ca yathā
gatam sarvam etat aśeṣeṇa pravakṣyāmi janādhipa
4. janādhipa sarvam etat aśeṣeṇa pravakṣyāmi ca
yathā akṣayyatām prāptam ca yathā puṇyatām gatam
4. O lord of people, I shall explain all this completely: how imperishability was attained and how merit was acquired.
इतिहासं पुरावृत्तमिमं शृणु नराधिप ।
जमदग्नेश्च संवादं सूर्यस्य च महात्मनः ॥५॥
5. itihāsaṁ purāvṛttamimaṁ śṛṇu narādhipa ,
jamadagneśca saṁvādaṁ sūryasya ca mahātmanaḥ.
5. itihāsam purāvṛttam imam śṛṇu narādhipa
jamadagneḥ ca saṃvādam sūryasya ca mahātmanaḥ
5. narādhipa imam purāvṛttam itihāsam śṛṇu
jamadagneḥ ca mahātmanaḥ sūryasya ca saṃvādam
5. O lord of men, listen to this ancient narrative (itihāsa), the conversation between Jamadagni and the great-souled (mahātman) Sūrya.
पुरा स भगवान्साक्षाद्धनुषाक्रीडत प्रभो ।
संधाय संधाय शरांश्चिक्षेप किल भार्गवः ॥६॥
6. purā sa bhagavānsākṣāddhanuṣākrīḍata prabho ,
saṁdhāya saṁdhāya śarāṁścikṣepa kila bhārgavaḥ.
6. purā sa bhagavān sākṣāt dhanuṣā akrīḍata prabho
saṃdhāya saṃdhāya śarān cikṣepa kila bhārgavaḥ
6. prabho purā sa bhagavān sākṣāt dhanuṣā akrīḍata
bhārgavaḥ kila saṃdhāya saṃdhāya śarān cikṣepa
6. O lord, formerly, that blessed one (bhagavān) himself played with a bow. The son of Bhṛgu (Paraśurāma) repeatedly drew and released arrows.
तान्क्षिप्तान्रेणुका सर्वांस्तस्येषून्दीप्ततेजसः ।
आनाय्य सा तदा तस्मै प्रादादसकृदच्युत ॥७॥
7. tānkṣiptānreṇukā sarvāṁstasyeṣūndīptatejasaḥ ,
ānāyya sā tadā tasmai prādādasakṛdacyuta.
7. tān kṣiptān reṇukā sarvān tasya iṣūn dīptatejasaḥ
ānāyya sā tadā tasmai prādāt asakṛt acyuta
7. acyuta reṇukā sā tadā tasya dīptatejasaḥ tān
sarvān kṣiptān iṣūn ānāyya asakṛt tasmai prādāt
7. O Acyuta, Reṇukā then repeatedly brought all those resplendent arrows, which he had released, and gave them to him.
अथ तेन स शब्देन ज्यातलस्य शरस्य च ।
प्रहृष्टः संप्रचिक्षेप सा च प्रत्याजहार तान् ॥८॥
8. atha tena sa śabdena jyātalasya śarasya ca ,
prahṛṣṭaḥ saṁpracikṣepa sā ca pratyājahāra tān.
8. atha tena sa śabdena jyātalasya śarasya ca
prahṛṣṭaḥ saṃpracikṣepa sā ca pratyājāhāra tān
8. atha sa prahṛṣṭaḥ tena jyātalasya śarasya ca
śabdena saṃpracikṣepa ca sā tān pratyājāhāra
8. Then, delighted by that sound of the bowstring and the arrow, he shot them forth. And she brought them back.
ततो मध्याह्नमारूढे ज्येष्ठामूले दिवाकरे ।
स सायकान्द्विजो विद्ध्वा रेणुकामिदमब्रवीत् ॥९॥
9. tato madhyāhnamārūḍhe jyeṣṭhāmūle divākare ,
sa sāyakāndvijo viddhvā reṇukāmidamabravīt.
9. tataḥ madhyāhnam ārūḍhe jyeṣṭāmūle divākare sa
sāyakān dvijaḥ viddhvā reṇukām idam abravīt
9. tataḥ divākare jyeṣṭāmūle madhyāhnam ārūḍhe sa
dvijaḥ sāyakān viddhvā reṇukām idam abravīt
9. Then, when the sun reached its zenith in the Jyeṣṭhamūla constellation, that twice-born (dvija) shot the arrows and said this to Reṇukā.
गच्छानय विशालाक्षि शरानेतान्धनुश्च्युतान् ।
यावदेतान्पुनः सुभ्रु क्षिपामीति जनाधिप ॥१०॥
10. gacchānaya viśālākṣi śarānetāndhanuścyutān ,
yāvadetānpunaḥ subhru kṣipāmīti janādhipa.
10. gaccha ānaya viśālākṣi śarān etān dhanuḥcyutān
yāvat etān punaḥ subhru kṣipāmi iti janādhipa
10. viśālākṣi gaccha etān dhanuḥcyutān śarān ānaya
yāvat punaḥ etān subhru kṣipāmi iti janādhipa
10. "Go, O broad-eyed one (viśālākṣi)! Bring these arrows that have been released from the bow. As long as I shoot these again," (he said to her) "O lady with beautiful eyebrows (subhru)." O lord of men (janādhipa)!
सा गच्छत्यन्तरा छायां वृक्षमाश्रित्य भामिनी ।
तस्थौ तस्या हि संतप्तं शिरः पादौ तथैव च ॥११॥
11. sā gacchatyantarā chāyāṁ vṛkṣamāśritya bhāminī ,
tasthau tasyā hi saṁtaptaṁ śiraḥ pādau tathaiva ca.
11. sā gacchati antarā chāyām vṛkṣam āśritya bhāminī
tasthau tasyāḥ hi saṃtaptam śiraḥ pādau tathā eva ca
11. sā bhāminī antarā vṛkṣam chāyām āśritya gacchati
tasthau hi tasyāḥ śiraḥ pādau ca tathā eva saṃtaptam
11. That radiant lady (bhāminī) went, and meanwhile, seeking refuge in the shade of a tree, she stood there, for indeed, her head and feet were scorched.
स्थिता सा तु मुहूर्तं वै भर्तुः शापभयाच्छुभा ।
ययावानयितुं भूयः सायकानसितेक्षणा ।
प्रत्याजगाम च शरांस्तानादाय यशस्विनी ॥१२॥
12. sthitā sā tu muhūrtaṁ vai bhartuḥ śāpabhayācchubhā ,
yayāvānayituṁ bhūyaḥ sāyakānasitekṣaṇā ,
pratyājagāma ca śarāṁstānādāya yaśasvinī.
12. sthitā sā tu muhūrtaṃ vai bhartuḥ
śāpabhayāt śubhā yayau ānayituṃ
bhūyaḥ sāyakān asitekṣaṇā pratyājagāma
ca śarān tān ādāya yaśasvinī
12. śubhā asitekṣaṇā sā muhūrtaṃ vai
bhartuḥ śāpabhayāt sthitā tu bhūyaḥ
sāyakān ānayituṃ yayau ca
yaśasvinī tān śarān ādāya pratyājagāma
12. The auspicious and black-eyed Renuka remained for a moment, indeed, out of fear of her husband's curse. She then went again to retrieve the arrows, and the glorious one returned, having taken those arrows.
सा प्रस्विन्ना सुचार्वङ्गी पद्भ्यां दुःखं नियच्छती ।
उपाजगाम भर्तारं भयाद्भर्तुः प्रवेपती ॥१३॥
13. sā prasvinnā sucārvaṅgī padbhyāṁ duḥkhaṁ niyacchatī ,
upājagāma bhartāraṁ bhayādbhartuḥ pravepatī.
13. sā prasvinnā sucārvangī padbhyāṃ duḥkhaṃ niyacchatī
upājagāma bhartāraṃ bhayāt bhartuḥ pravepatī
13. sā prasvinnā sucārvangī padbhyāṃ duḥkhaṃ niyacchatī
bhartuḥ bhayāt pravepatī bhartāraṃ upājagāma
13. She, perspiring and beautiful-limbed, restraining her difficulty with her feet, approached her husband, trembling out of fear of him.
स तामृषिस्ततः क्रुद्धो वाक्यमाह शुभाननाम् ।
रेणुके किं चिरेण त्वमागतेति पुनः पुनः ॥१४॥
14. sa tāmṛṣistataḥ kruddho vākyamāha śubhānanām ,
reṇuke kiṁ cireṇa tvamāgateti punaḥ punaḥ.
14. saḥ tām ṛṣiḥ tataḥ kruddhaḥ vākyam āha śubhānanām
reṇuke kim cireṇa tvam āgatā iti punaḥ punaḥ
14. tataḥ saḥ kruddhaḥ ṛṣiḥ tām śubhānanām vākyam
punaḥ punaḥ āha "reṇuke kim cireṇa tvam āgatā iti"
14. Then that angry sage said to her, the beautiful-faced Renuka, 'O Renuka, why have you arrived so late?' He repeated this again and again.
रेणुकोवाच ।
शिरस्तावत्प्रदीप्तं मे पादौ चैव तपोधन ।
सूर्यतेजोनिरुद्धाहं वृक्षच्छायामुपाश्रिता ॥१५॥
15. reṇukovāca ,
śirastāvatpradīptaṁ me pādau caiva tapodhana ,
sūryatejoniruddhāhaṁ vṛkṣacchāyāmupāśritā.
15. reṇukā uvāca śiraḥ tāvat pradīptaṃ me pādau ca eva
tapodhana sūryatejoniruddhā aham vṛkṣacchāyām upāśritā
15. reṇukā uvāca: he tapodhana! me śiraḥ tāvat pradīptaṃ ca pādau eva.
aham sūryatejoniruddhā vṛkṣacchāyām upāśritā.
15. Renuka said, 'My head was indeed scorching hot, and my feet too, O one whose wealth is austerity (tapas)! I was overcome by the sun's intense heat and took shelter in the shade of a tree.'
एतस्मात्कारणाद्ब्रह्मंश्चिरमेतत्कृतं मया ।
एतज्ज्ञात्वा मम विभो मा क्रुधस्त्वं तपोधन ॥१६॥
16. etasmātkāraṇādbrahmaṁścirametatkṛtaṁ mayā ,
etajjñātvā mama vibho mā krudhastvaṁ tapodhana.
16. etasmat kāraṇāt brahman ciram etat kṛtam mayā |
etat jñātvā mama vibho mā krudhaḥ tvam tapodhana
16. brahman tapodhana vibho,
etasmāt kāraṇāt mayā etat ciram kṛtam.
etat jñātvā tvam mama mā krudhaḥ
16. O (brahman), for this reason, I have done this for a long time. O my lord, O ascetic (tapodhana), knowing this, do not be angry.
जमदग्निरुवाच ।
अद्यैनं दीप्तकिरणं रेणुके तव दुःखदम् ।
शरैर्निपातयिष्यामि सूर्यमस्त्राग्नितेजसा ॥१७॥
17. jamadagniruvāca ,
adyainaṁ dīptakiraṇaṁ reṇuke tava duḥkhadam ,
śarairnipātayiṣyāmi sūryamastrāgnitejasā.
17. jamadagniḥ uvāca | adya enam dīptakiraṇam reṇuke tava
duḥkhadam | śaraiḥ nipātayiṣyāmi sūryam astrāgnitejasā
17. jamadagniḥ uvāca.
reṇuke,
adya enam tava duḥkhadam dīptakiraṇam sūryam astrāgnitejasā śaraiḥ nipātayiṣyāmi.
17. Jamadagni said: 'O Reṇukā, today, with arrows charged by the fiery power of my weapons, I will fell this bright-rayed Sun (Sūrya), who causes you distress.'
भीष्म उवाच ।
स विस्फार्य धनुर्दिव्यं गृहीत्वा च बहूञ्शरान् ।
अतिष्ठत्सूर्यमभितो यतो याति ततोमुखः ॥१८॥
18. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sa visphārya dhanurdivyaṁ gṛhītvā ca bahūñśarān ,
atiṣṭhatsūryamabhito yato yāti tatomukhaḥ.
18. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | saḥ visphārya dhanuḥ divyam gṛhītvā ca bahūn
śarān | atiṣṭhat sūryam abhitaḥ yataḥ yāti tataḥ mukhaḥ
18. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca.
saḥ divyam dhanuḥ visphārya ca bahūn śarān gṛhītvā yataḥ sūryam yāti tataḥ mukhaḥ abhitaḥ atiṣṭhat.
18. Bhishma said: 'He (Jamadagni), having strung his divine bow and taken many arrows, stood facing the Sun (Sūrya), turning his face in whichever direction it went.'
अथ तं प्रहरिष्यन्तं सूर्योऽभ्येत्य वचोऽब्रवीत् ।
द्विजरूपेण कौन्तेय किं ते सूर्योऽपराध्यते ॥१९॥
19. atha taṁ prahariṣyantaṁ sūryo'bhyetya vaco'bravīt ,
dvijarūpeṇa kaunteya kiṁ te sūryo'parādhyate.
19. atha tam prahariṣyantam sūryaḥ abhyetya vacaḥ abravīt
| dvijarūpeṇa kaunteya kim te sūryaḥ aparādhyate
19. atha tam prahariṣyantam (jamadagniṃ) sūryaḥ abhyetya dvijarūpeṇa vacaḥ abravīt.
kaunteya,
kim te sūryaḥ aparādhyate?
19. Then, the Sun (Sūrya), having approached him (Jamadagni) who was about to strike, spoke these words in the form of a twice-born (dvija): 'O son of Kunti (Kaunteya), how has the Sun (Sūrya) offended you?'
आदत्ते रश्मिभिः सूर्यो दिवि विद्वंस्ततस्ततः ।
रसं स तं वै वर्षासु प्रवर्षति दिवाकरः ॥२०॥
20. ādatte raśmibhiḥ sūryo divi vidvaṁstatastataḥ ,
rasaṁ sa taṁ vai varṣāsu pravarṣati divākaraḥ.
20. ādatte raśmibhiḥ sūryaḥ divi vidvān tataḥ tataḥ
rasam saḥ tam vai varṣāsu pravarṣati divākaraḥ
20. sūryaḥ vidvān raśmibhiḥ divi tataḥ tataḥ rasam
ādatte saḥ divākaraḥ tam vai varṣāsu pravarṣati
20. The sun, intelligently, draws up moisture from various places in the sky with its rays. Indeed, that same sun then rains it down during the rainy seasons.
ततोऽन्नं जायते विप्र मनुष्याणां सुखावहम् ।
अन्नं प्राणा इति यथा वेदेषु परिपठ्यते ॥२१॥
21. tato'nnaṁ jāyate vipra manuṣyāṇāṁ sukhāvaham ,
annaṁ prāṇā iti yathā vedeṣu paripaṭhyate.
21. tataḥ annam jāyate vipra manuṣyāṇām sukhāvaham
annam prāṇāḥ iti yathā vedeṣu paripaṭhyate
21. vipra tataḥ manuṣyāṇām sukhāvaham annam jāyate
yathā vedeṣu annam prāṇāḥ iti paripaṭhyate
21. From that (rain), O Brahmin, arises food that brings happiness to human beings. As it is declared in the Vedas: 'Food (annam) is vital life force (prāṇa).'
अथाभ्रेषु निगूढश्च रश्मिभिः परिवारितः ।
सप्त द्वीपानिमान्ब्रह्मन्वर्षेणाभिप्रवर्षति ॥२२॥
22. athābhreṣu nigūḍhaśca raśmibhiḥ parivāritaḥ ,
sapta dvīpānimānbrahmanvarṣeṇābhipravarṣati.
22. atha abhresṣu nigūḍhaḥ ca raśmibhiḥ parivāritaḥ
sapta dvīpān imān brahman varṣeṇa abhipravarṣati
22. atha brahman abhresṣu nigūḍhaḥ ca raśmibhiḥ
parivāritaḥ imān sapta dvīpān varṣeṇa abhipravarṣati
22. Then, concealed within the clouds and surrounded by its rays, O Brahmin, it (the sun) showers these seven continents with rain.
ततस्तदौषधीनां च वीरुधां पत्रपुष्पजम् ।
सर्वं वर्षाभिनिर्वृत्तमन्नं संभवति प्रभो ॥२३॥
23. tatastadauṣadhīnāṁ ca vīrudhāṁ patrapuṣpajam ,
sarvaṁ varṣābhinirvṛttamannaṁ saṁbhavati prabho.
23. tataḥ tat oṣadhīnām ca vīrudhām patrapuṣpajam
sarvam varṣābhinirvṛttam annam saṃbhavati prabho
23. prabho tataḥ oṣadhīnām ca vīrudhām patrapuṣpajam
sarvam varṣābhinirvṛttam annam saṃbhavati
23. Then, O Lord, from that (rain), all food, particularly that originating from the leaves and flowers of herbs and climbing plants, comes into being.
जातकर्माणि सर्वाणि व्रतोपनयनानि च ।
गोदानानि विवाहाश्च तथा यज्ञसमृद्धयः ॥२४॥
24. jātakarmāṇi sarvāṇi vratopanayanāni ca ,
godānāni vivāhāśca tathā yajñasamṛddhayaḥ.
24. jātakarmāṇi sarvāṇi vratopanayanāni ca
godānāni vivāhāḥ ca tathā yajñasamṛddhayaḥ
24. sarvāṇi jātakarmāṇi ca vratopanayanāni
godānāni ca vivāhāḥ tathā yajñasamṛddhayaḥ
24. All birth rites, vows and initiation ceremonies, cow donations, and marriages, as well as the successes of Vedic rituals (yajña).
सत्राणि दानानि तथा संयोगा वित्तसंचयाः ।
अन्नतः संप्रवर्तन्ते यथा त्वं वेत्थ भार्गव ॥२५॥
25. satrāṇi dānāni tathā saṁyogā vittasaṁcayāḥ ,
annataḥ saṁpravartante yathā tvaṁ vettha bhārgava.
25. satrāṇi dānāni tathā saṃyogāḥ vittasaṃcayāḥ
annataḥ sampravartante yathā tvam vettha bhārgava
25. bhārgava tvam yathā vettha,
satrāṇi dānāni tathā saṃyogāḥ vittasaṃcayāḥ annataḥ sampravartante
25. Great Vedic rituals, donations, and similarly, connections and accumulations of wealth – all these originate from food, just as you, O Bhargava, know.
रमणीयानि यावन्ति यावदारम्भकाणि च ।
सर्वमन्नात्प्रभवति विदितं कीर्तयामि ते ॥२६॥
26. ramaṇīyāni yāvanti yāvadārambhakāṇi ca ,
sarvamannātprabhavati viditaṁ kīrtayāmi te.
26. ramaṇīyāni yāvanti yāvat ārambhakāṇi ca
sarvam annāt prabhavati viditam kīrtayāmi te
26. yāvanti ramaṇīyāni ca yāvat ārambhakāṇi,
sarvam annāt prabhavati.
te viditam kīrtayāmi
26. All things that are delightful, and all things that are initiations or beginnings – everything arises from food. I declare to you what is already known.
सर्वं हि वेत्थ विप्र त्वं यदेतत्कीर्तितं मया ।
प्रसादये त्वा विप्रर्षे किं ते सूर्यो निपात्यते ॥२७॥
27. sarvaṁ hi vettha vipra tvaṁ yadetatkīrtitaṁ mayā ,
prasādaye tvā viprarṣe kiṁ te sūryo nipātyate.
27. sarvam hi vettha vipra tvam yat etat kīrtitam mayā
| prasādaye tvā viprarṣe kim te sūryaḥ nipātyate
27. vipra tvam hi sarvam vettha yat etat mayā kīrtitam.
viprarṣe,
tvā prasādaye.
kim te sūryaḥ nipātyate?
27. Indeed, O Brahmin, you know everything that has been declared by me. O sage among Brahmins, I seek your favor. Why are you causing the sun to fall [i.e., making clear what is already evident]?