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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-159

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भीष्म उवाच ।
कृतार्थो यक्ष्यमाणश्च सर्ववेदान्तगश्च यः ।
आचार्यपितृभार्यार्थं स्वाध्यायार्थमथापि वा ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
kṛtārtho yakṣyamāṇaśca sarvavedāntagaśca yaḥ ,
ācāryapitṛbhāryārthaṁ svādhyāyārthamathāpi vā.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca kṛtārthaḥ yakṣyamāṇaḥ ca sarvavedāntagaḥ
ca yaḥ ācāryapitṛbhāryārtham svādhyāyārtham atha api vā
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yaḥ kṛtārthaḥ ca yakṣyamāṇaḥ ca sarvavedāntagaḥ
ācāryapitṛbhāryārtham vā atha api svādhyāyārtham
1. Bhishma said: He who is accomplished in purpose, who is about to perform a Vedic ritual (yajña), and who has mastered all Vedāntas - whether acting for the sake of his preceptor, father, or wife, or even for the sake of his own Vedic study (svādhyāya) -
एते वै साधवो दृष्टा ब्राह्मणा धर्मभिक्षवः ।
अस्वेभ्यो देयमेतेभ्यो दानं विद्याविशेषतः ॥२॥
2. ete vai sādhavo dṛṣṭā brāhmaṇā dharmabhikṣavaḥ ,
asvebhyo deyametebhyo dānaṁ vidyāviśeṣataḥ.
2. ete vai sādhavaḥ dṛṣṭāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ dharmabhikṣavaḥ
asvebhyaḥ deyam etebhyaḥ dānam vidyāviśeṣataḥ
2. ete brāhmaṇāḥ dharmabhikṣavaḥ vai sādhavaḥ dṛṣṭāḥ
asvebhyaḥ etebhyaḥ dānam deyam vidyāviśeṣataḥ
2. These Brahmins, seekers of natural law (dharma), are indeed seen as virtuous. A gift should be given to these (Brahmins) who are without possessions, especially on account of their special knowledge.
अन्यत्र दक्षिणा या तु देया भरतसत्तम ।
अन्येभ्यो हि बहिर्वेद्यां नाकृतान्नं विधीयते ॥३॥
3. anyatra dakṣiṇā yā tu deyā bharatasattama ,
anyebhyo hi bahirvedyāṁ nākṛtānnaṁ vidhīyate.
3. anyatra dakṣiṇā yā tu deyā bharatasattama
anyebhyaḥ hi bahirvedyām na akṛtānnam vidhīyate
3. bharatasattama tu yā dakṣiṇā anyatra deyā hi
anyebhyaḥ bahirvedyām akṛtānnam na vidhīyate
3. O best of Bharatas, any ritual fee (dakṣiṇā) that is to be given elsewhere [than to such Brahmins, or in other contexts], indeed, for others outside the sacrificial altar (vedi), uncooked food is not prescribed [as an offering].
सर्वरत्नानि राजा च यथार्हं प्रतिपादयेत् ।
ब्राह्मणाश्चैव यज्ञाश्च सहान्नाः सहदक्षिणाः ॥४॥
4. sarvaratnāni rājā ca yathārhaṁ pratipādayet ,
brāhmaṇāścaiva yajñāśca sahānnāḥ sahadakṣiṇāḥ.
4. sarvaratnāni rājā ca yathārham pratipādayet
brāhmaṇāḥ ca eva yajñāḥ ca sahānnāḥ sahadakṣiṇāḥ
4. rājā ca sarvaratnāni yathārham pratipādayet
brāhmaṇāḥ ca eva yajñāḥ ca sahānnāḥ sahadakṣiṇāḥ
4. And the king should bestow all jewels (ratna) as appropriate. And indeed, Brahmins and Vedic rituals (yajña) are accompanied by food and by ritual fees (dakṣiṇā).
यस्य त्रैवार्षिकं भक्तं पर्याप्तं भृत्यवृत्तये ।
अधिकं वापि विद्येत स सोमं पातुमर्हति ॥५॥
5. yasya traivārṣikaṁ bhaktaṁ paryāptaṁ bhṛtyavṛttaye ,
adhikaṁ vāpi vidyeta sa somaṁ pātumarhati.
5. yasya traivārṣikam bhaktam paryāptam bhṛtyavṛttaye
adhikam vā api vidyeta saḥ somam pātum arhati
5. yasya bhṛtyavṛttaye traivārṣikam bhaktam paryāptam vā api adhikam vidyeta,
saḥ somam pātum arhati
5. He who possesses provisions sufficient for three years, or even more, for the sustenance of his servants, is indeed worthy to drink Soma (soma).
यज्ञश्चेत्प्रतिविद्धः स्यादङ्गेनैकेन यज्वनः ।
ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषेण धार्मिके सति राजनि ॥६॥
6. yajñaścetpratividdhaḥ syādaṅgenaikena yajvanaḥ ,
brāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa dhārmike sati rājani.
6. yajñaḥ cet pratividdhaḥ syāt aṅgena ekena yajvanaḥ
brāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa dhārmike sati rājani
6. cet rājani dhārmike sati yajñaḥ yajvanaḥ ekena
aṅgena pratividdhaḥ syāt viśeṣeṇa brāhmaṇasya
6. If a ritual (yajña) is obstructed, even in one part, on the part of the sacrificer - especially if the sacrificer is a Brahmin - while a king who upholds natural law (dharma) is reigning...
यो वैश्यः स्याद्बहुपशुर्हीनक्रतुरसोमपः ।
कुटुम्बात्तस्य तद्द्रव्यं यज्ञार्थं पार्थिवो हरेत् ॥७॥
7. yo vaiśyaḥ syādbahupaśurhīnakraturasomapaḥ ,
kuṭumbāttasya taddravyaṁ yajñārthaṁ pārthivo haret.
7. yaḥ vaiśyaḥ syāt bahu-paśuḥ hīna-kratuḥ a-somapaḥ
kuṭumbāt tasya tat dravyam yajñārtham pārthivaḥ haret
7. pārthivaḥ haret tat dravyam yajñārtham tasya kuṭumbāt
yaḥ vaiśyaḥ bahu-paśuḥ hīna-kratuḥ a-somapaḥ syāt
7. If a Vaishya (member of the merchant/farmer class) possesses many cattle but is deficient in performing Vedic rituals (kratu) and does not partake in Soma ceremonies, then the king should take that wealth from his family's property for the purpose of a Vedic ritual (yajña).
आहरेद्वेश्मतः किंचित्कामं शूद्रस्य द्रव्यतः ।
न हि वेश्मनि शूद्रस्य कश्चिदस्ति परिग्रहः ॥८॥
8. āharedveśmataḥ kiṁcitkāmaṁ śūdrasya dravyataḥ ,
na hi veśmani śūdrasya kaścidasti parigrahaḥ.
8. āharet veśmataḥ kiñcit kāmam śūdrasya dravyataḥ
na hi veśmani śūdrasya kaścit asti parigrahaḥ
8. saḥ pārthivaḥ śūdrasya veśmataḥ dravyataḥ kiñcit kāmam āharet,
hi śūdrasya veśmani kaścit parigrahaḥ na asti
8. The king should take something from the property in a Śūdra's house, as needed, because a Śūdra truly has no possessions (parigraha) in his own home.
योऽनाहिताग्निः शतगुरयज्वा च सहस्रगुः ।
तयोरपि कुटुम्बाभ्यामाहरेदविचारयन् ॥९॥
9. yo'nāhitāgniḥ śatagurayajvā ca sahasraguḥ ,
tayorapi kuṭumbābhyāmāharedavicārayan.
9. yaḥ anāhitāgniḥ śataguḥ ayajvā ca sahasraguḥ
tayoḥ api kuṭumbābhyām āharet avicārayan
9. yaḥ anāhitāgniḥ śataguḥ ca yaḥ ayajvā sahasraguḥ
tayoḥ api kuṭumbābhyām avicārayan āharet
9. One should take (resources) without hesitation from the families of a person who possesses a hundred cows but has not established the sacred fires, and from a person who possesses a thousand cows but does not perform Vedic rituals (yajña).
अदातृभ्यो हरेन्नित्यं व्याख्याप्य नृपतिः प्रभो ।
तथा ह्याचरतो धर्मो नृपतेः स्यादथाखिलः ॥१०॥
10. adātṛbhyo harennityaṁ vyākhyāpya nṛpatiḥ prabho ,
tathā hyācarato dharmo nṛpateḥ syādathākhilaḥ.
10. adātṛbhyaḥ haret nityam vyākhyāpya nṛpatiḥ prabho
tathā hi ācarataḥ dharmaḥ nṛpateḥ syāt atha akhilaḥ
10. prabho nṛpatiḥ vyākhyāpya adātṛbhyaḥ nityam haret
tathā hi ācarataḥ nṛpateḥ akhilaḥ dharmaḥ atha syāt
10. O lord, the king should always take (resources) from those who do not give (dāna), after explaining the reason. For by acting thus, the king's entire duty (dharma) would be fulfilled.
तथैव सप्तमे भक्ते भक्तानि षडनश्नता ।
अश्वस्तनविधानेन हर्तव्यं हीनकर्मणः ।
खलात्क्षेत्रात्तथागाराद्यतो वाप्युपपद्यते ॥११॥
11. tathaiva saptame bhakte bhaktāni ṣaḍanaśnatā ,
aśvastanavidhānena hartavyaṁ hīnakarmaṇaḥ ,
khalātkṣetrāttathāgārādyato vāpyupapadyate.
11. tathā eva saptame bhakte bhaktāni
ṣaṭ anaśnatā aśvastanavidhānena
hartavyam hīnakarmaṇaḥ khalāt kṣetrāt
tathā āgārāt yataḥ vā api upapadyate
11. tathā eva ṣaṭ bhaktāni anaśnatā saptame
bhakte aśvastanavidhānena hīnakarmaṇaḥ
hartavyam khalāt kṣetrāt tathā
āgārāt vā yataḥ api upapadyate (tat)
11. Similarly, if one has not eaten six meals, the seventh meal should be taken, by the rule of not saving for tomorrow, from a person of inferior conduct. This may be taken from a threshing floor, a field, a house, or wherever else it can be obtained.
आख्यातव्यं नृपस्यैतत्पृच्छतोऽपृच्छतोऽपि वा ।
न तस्मै धारयेद्दण्डं राजा धर्मेण धर्मवित् ॥१२॥
12. ākhyātavyaṁ nṛpasyaitatpṛcchato'pṛcchato'pi vā ,
na tasmai dhārayeddaṇḍaṁ rājā dharmeṇa dharmavit.
12. ākhyātavyam nṛpasya etat pṛcchataḥ apṛcchataḥ api vā
na tasmai dhārayet daṇḍam rājā dharmeṇa dharmavit
12. etat nṛpasya pṛcchataḥ vā apṛcchataḥ api ākhyātavyam
dharmavit rājā tasmai dharmeṇa daṇḍam na dhārayet
12. This matter should be reported to the king, whether he asks or not. The king, being a knower of (dharma) natural law, should not impose punishment on him according to (dharma) law.
क्षत्रियस्य हि बालिश्याद्ब्राह्मणः क्लिश्यते क्षुधा ।
श्रुतशीले समाज्ञाय वृत्तिमस्य प्रकल्पयेत् ।
अथैनं परिरक्षेत पिता पुत्रमिवौरसम् ॥१३॥
13. kṣatriyasya hi bāliśyādbrāhmaṇaḥ kliśyate kṣudhā ,
śrutaśīle samājñāya vṛttimasya prakalpayet ,
athainaṁ parirakṣeta pitā putramivaurasam.
13. kṣatriyasya hi bāliśyāt brāhmaṇaḥ
kliśyate kṣudhā śrutaśīle samājñāya
vṛttim asya prakalpayet atha enam
parirakṣeta pitā putram iva aurasam
13. (hi) kṣatriyasya bāliśyāt brāhmaṇaḥ
kṣudhā kliśyate (ataḥ) (yaḥ) śrutaśīle
samājñāya asya vṛttim prakalpayet atha
enam pitā aurasam putram iva parirakṣeta
13. Indeed, due to the foolishness of a kṣatriya, a Brahmin suffers from hunger. Therefore, having fully ascertained his knowledge and character, one should provide him with a livelihood. Then, one should protect him like a father protects his own legitimate son.
इष्टिं वैश्वानरीं नित्यं निर्वपेदब्दपर्यये ।
अविकल्पः पुराधर्मो धर्मवादैस्तु केवलम् ॥१४॥
14. iṣṭiṁ vaiśvānarīṁ nityaṁ nirvapedabdaparyaye ,
avikalpaḥ purādharmo dharmavādaistu kevalam.
14. iṣṭim vaiśvānarīm nityam nirvapet abdaparyaye
avikalpaḥ purādharmaḥ dharmavādaiḥ tu kevalam
14. abdaparyaye nityam vaiśvānarīm
iṣṭim nirvapet (yadā) purā (hi)
dharmaḥ avikalpaḥ (āsīt) (idānim)
tu kevalam dharmavādaiḥ (bhavati)
14. One should regularly perform the Vaiśvānara (universal fire) sacrifice at the turn of the year. The sacred duty (dharma) of ancient times was without alternative; but now it is merely subject to discussions on (dharma).
विश्वैस्तु देवैः साध्यैश्च ब्राह्मणैश्च महर्षिभिः ।
आपत्सु मरणाद्भीतैर्लिङ्गप्रतिनिधिः कृतः ॥१५॥
15. viśvaistu devaiḥ sādhyaiśca brāhmaṇaiśca maharṣibhiḥ ,
āpatsu maraṇādbhītairliṅgapratinidhiḥ kṛtaḥ.
15. viśvaiḥ tu devaiḥ sādhyaiḥ ca brāhmaṇaiḥ ca maharṣibhiḥ
āpatsu maraṇāt bhītaiḥ liṅgapratinidhiḥ kṛtaḥ
15. (yat) āpatsu maraṇāt bhītaiḥ viśvaiḥ devaiḥ sādhyaiḥ ca
brāhmaṇaiḥ ca maharṣibhiḥ tu liṅgapratinidhiḥ kṛtaḥ (abhūt)
15. A substitute for a sacred emblem was created by all the gods, Sādhyas, Brahmins, and great sages, who were afraid of death during calamities.
प्रभुः प्रथमकल्पस्य योऽनुकल्पेन वर्तते ।
न सांपरायिकं तस्य दुर्मतेर्विद्यते फलम् ॥१६॥
16. prabhuḥ prathamakalpasya yo'nukalpena vartate ,
na sāṁparāyikaṁ tasya durmatervidyate phalam.
16. prabhuḥ prathamakalpasya yaḥ anukalpena vartate
na sāṃparāyikam tasya durmateḥ vidyate phalam
16. yaḥ prathamakalpasya prabhuḥ (san api) anukalpena
vartate tasya durmateḥ sāṃparāyikam phalam na vidyate
16. He who, though capable of following the primary rule or method, instead acts according to a secondary or alternative one, for that misguided person, there is no ultimate (sāṃparāyika) fruit or result.
न ब्राह्मणान्वेदयेत कश्चिद्राजनि मानवः ।
अवीर्यो वेदनाद्विद्यात्सुवीर्यो वीर्यवत्तरम् ॥१७॥
17. na brāhmaṇānvedayeta kaścidrājani mānavaḥ ,
avīryo vedanādvidyātsuvīryo vīryavattaram.
17. na brāhmaṇān vedayeta kaścit rājani mānavaḥ |
avīryaḥ vedanāt vidyāt suvīryaḥ vīryavattaram
17. mānavaḥ kaścit rājani brāhmaṇān na vedayeta avīryaḥ vedanāt vidyāt,
suvīryaḥ vīryavattaram (vidyāt)
17. No human being should report Brahmins to the king. A weak person should learn this through suffering, and a strong person should recognize what is even more powerful (i.e., the strength of Brahmins).
तस्माद्राज्ञा सदा तेजो दुःसहं ब्रह्मवादिनाम् ।
मन्ता शास्ता विधाता च ब्राह्मणो देव उच्यते ।
तस्मिन्नाकुशलं ब्रूयान्न शुक्तामीरयेद्गिरम् ॥१८॥
18. tasmādrājñā sadā tejo duḥsahaṁ brahmavādinām ,
mantā śāstā vidhātā ca brāhmaṇo deva ucyate ,
tasminnākuśalaṁ brūyānna śuktāmīrayedgiram.
18. tasmāt rājñā sadā tejaḥ duḥsaham
brahmavādinām | mantā śāstā vidhātā ca
brāhmaṇaḥ devaḥ ucyate | tasmin na
akuśalam brūyāt na śuktām īrayet giram
18. tasmāt rājñā sadā brahmavādinām tejaḥ duḥsaham brāhmaṇaḥ mantā śāstā vidhātā ca devaḥ ucyate tasmin na akuśalam brūyāt,
na śuktām giram īrayet
18. Therefore, the spiritual power of those who teach about Brahman (brahmavādinām) is always unbearable even by a king. A Brahmin is declared to be a counselor, a discipliner, and an ordainer – indeed, a god. One should not speak ill of him, nor utter harsh words (girām).
क्षत्रियो बाहुवीर्येण तरत्यापदमात्मनः ।
धनेन वैश्यः शूद्रश्च मन्त्रैर्होमैश्च वै द्विजः ॥१९॥
19. kṣatriyo bāhuvīryeṇa taratyāpadamātmanaḥ ,
dhanena vaiśyaḥ śūdraśca mantrairhomaiśca vai dvijaḥ.
19. kṣatriyaḥ bāhuvīryeṇa tarati āpadam ātmanaḥ | dhanena
vaiśyaḥ śūdraḥ ca mantraiḥ homaiḥ ca vai dvijaḥ
19. kṣatriyaḥ ātmanaḥ āpadam bāhuvīryeṇa tarati vaiśyaḥ ca śūdraḥ
dhanena (tarati) vai dvijaḥ ca mantraiḥ homaiḥ (tarati)
19. A Kṣatriya overcomes his own calamity by the strength of his arm. A Vaiśya and a Śūdra do so by wealth, while a twice-born (dvija) overcomes it by sacred verses (mantra) and oblations.
न वै कन्या न युवतिर्नामन्त्रो न च बालिशः ।
परिवेष्टाग्निहोत्रस्य भवेन्नासंस्कृतस्तथा ।
नरके निपतन्त्येते जुह्वानाः स च यस्य तत् ॥२०॥
20. na vai kanyā na yuvatirnāmantro na ca bāliśaḥ ,
pariveṣṭāgnihotrasya bhavennāsaṁskṛtastathā ,
narake nipatantyete juhvānāḥ sa ca yasya tat.
20. na vai kanyā na yuvatiḥ na amantraḥ na
ca bāliśaḥ | pariveṣṭā agnihotrasya
bhavet na asaṁskṛtaḥ tathā | narake
nipatanti ete juhvānāḥ saḥ ca yasya tat
20. na vai kanyā,
na yuvatiḥ,
na amantraḥ,
na ca bāliśaḥ tathā na asaṁskṛtaḥ agnihotrasya pariveṣṭā bhavet ete juhvānāḥ narake nipatanti saḥ ca yasya tat (bhavati)
20. Neither a young girl, nor a young woman, nor one ignorant of sacred verses (mantra), nor a fool, nor one uninitiated (asaṃskṛta) should serve as the officiant of the Agnihotra sacrifice. These individuals, if they perform oblations, fall into hell, as does the person for whom such a sacrifice is performed.
प्राजापत्यमदत्त्वाश्वमग्न्याधेयस्य दक्षिणाम् ।
अनाहिताग्निरिति स प्रोच्यते धर्मदर्शिभिः ॥२१॥
21. prājāpatyamadattvāśvamagnyādheyasya dakṣiṇām ,
anāhitāgniriti sa procyate dharmadarśibhiḥ.
21. prājāpatyam adattvā aśvam agnyādheyasya dakṣiṇām
anāhitāgniḥ iti sa procyate dharmadarśibhiḥ
21. sa agnyādheyasya prājāpatyam aśvam dakṣiṇām
adattvā anāhitāgniḥ iti dharmadarśibhiḥ procyate
21. He who, for the Agnyādheya (fire-installation ceremony), has not offered the Prajāpati horse as the ritual fee (dakṣiṇā), is declared by those who discern natural law (dharma) to be 'one who has not established the sacred fires' (anāhitāgni).
पुण्यान्यन्यानि कुर्वीत श्रद्दधानो जितेन्द्रियः ।
अनाप्तदक्षिणैर्यज्ञैर्न यजेत कथंचन ॥२२॥
22. puṇyānyanyāni kurvīta śraddadhāno jitendriyaḥ ,
anāptadakṣiṇairyajñairna yajeta kathaṁcana.
22. puṇyāni anyāni kurvīta śraddadhānaḥ jitendriyaḥ
anāptadakṣiṇaiḥ yajñaiḥ na yajeta kathaṃcana
22. śraddadhānaḥ jitendriyaḥ anyāni puṇyāni kurvīta
anāptadakṣiṇaiḥ yajñaiḥ kathaṃcana na yajeta
22. A faithful (śraddhā) person with controlled senses should perform other meritorious acts. One should never perform Vedic rituals (yajña) for which the ritual fees (dakṣiṇā) have not been obtained.
प्रजाः पशूंश्च स्वर्गं च हन्ति यज्ञो ह्यदक्षिणः ।
इन्द्रियाणि यशः कीर्तिमायुश्चास्योपकृन्तति ॥२३॥
23. prajāḥ paśūṁśca svargaṁ ca hanti yajño hyadakṣiṇaḥ ,
indriyāṇi yaśaḥ kīrtimāyuścāsyopakṛntati.
23. prajāḥ paśūn ca svargam ca hanti yajñaḥ hi adakṣiṇaḥ
indriyāṇi yaśaḥ kīrtim āyuḥ ca asya upakṛntati
23. hi adakṣiṇaḥ yajñaḥ prajāḥ ca paśūn ca svargam ca
hanti asya indriyāṇi yaśaḥ kīrtim āyuḥ ca upakṛntati
23. A Vedic ritual (yajña) performed without the proper sacrificial gifts (dakṣiṇā) certainly harms progeny, animals, and even access to heaven. It also diminishes one's senses, fame, glory, and lifespan.
उदक्या ह्यासते ये च ये च केचिदनग्नयः ।
कुलं चाश्रोत्रियं येषां सर्वे ते शूद्रधर्मिणः ॥२४॥
24. udakyā hyāsate ye ca ye ca kecidanagnayaḥ ,
kulaṁ cāśrotriyaṁ yeṣāṁ sarve te śūdradharmiṇaḥ.
24. udakyā hi āsate ye ca ye ca kecit anagnayaḥ
kulam ca aśrotriyam yeṣām sarve te śūdradharmiṇaḥ
24. hi ye udakyāḥ ca āsate,
ye ca kecit anagnayaḥ,
yeṣām kulam ca aśrotriyam,
te sarve śūdradharmiṇaḥ
24. Indeed, those who associate with menstruating women, and those who do not maintain sacred fires (anagnayaḥ), and those whose family (kulam) is not that of a Śrotriya (one learned in the Vedas) - all of them are considered to embody the natural law (dharma) of a Śūdra.
उदपानोदके ग्रामे ब्राह्मणो वृषलीपतिः ।
उषित्वा द्वादश समाः शूद्रकर्मेह गच्छति ॥२५॥
25. udapānodake grāme brāhmaṇo vṛṣalīpatiḥ ,
uṣitvā dvādaśa samāḥ śūdrakarmeha gacchati.
25. udapānodake grāme brāhmaṇaḥ vṛṣalīpatiḥ
uṣitvā dvādaśa samāḥ śūdrakarma iha gacchati
25. A Brahmin who is married to a Śūdra woman (vṛṣalīpatiḥ) and lives in a village where water is drawn from a well, having resided there for twelve years, indeed descends to the status of a Śūdra (śūdrakarma) in this world.
अनार्यां शयने बिभ्रदुज्झन्बिभ्रच्च यो द्विजाम् ।
अब्राह्मणो मन्यमानस्तृणेष्वासीत पृष्ठतः ।
तथा स शुध्यते राजञ्शृणु चात्र वचो मम ॥२६॥
26. anāryāṁ śayane bibhradujjhanbibhracca yo dvijām ,
abrāhmaṇo manyamānastṛṇeṣvāsīta pṛṣṭhataḥ ,
tathā sa śudhyate rājañśṛṇu cātra vaco mama.
26. anāryām śayane bibhrat ujjhan bibhrat
ca yaḥ dvijām abrāhmaṇaḥ manyamānaḥ
tṛṇeṣu āsīta pṛṣṭhataḥ tathā saḥ
śudhyate rājan śṛṇu ca atra vacaḥ mama
26. O King, hear my words on this matter: The man who maintains an ignoble woman (anāryā) in his bed, abandoning a twice-born woman (dvijā), and persists in this, considering himself a non-Brahmin (abrāhmaṇa), should sit on grass at the rear. In this manner, he becomes purified.
यदेकरात्रेण करोति पापं कृष्णं वर्णं ब्राह्मणः सेवमानः ।
स्थानासनाभ्यां विचरन्व्रती संस्त्रिभिर्वर्षैः शमयेदात्मपापम् ॥२७॥
27. yadekarātreṇa karoti pāpaṁ; kṛṣṇaṁ varṇaṁ brāhmaṇaḥ sevamānaḥ ,
sthānāsanābhyāṁ vicaranvratī saṁ;stribhirvarṣaiḥ śamayedātmapāpam.
27. yat ekarātreṇa karoti pāpam kṛṣṇam
varṇam brāhmaṇaḥ sevamānaḥ
sthāna-āsanābhyām vicaran vratī san
tribhiḥ varṣaiḥ śamayet ātma-pāpam
27. Whatever sin a Brahmin commits in a single night by associating (sevamānaḥ) with a person of a low social class (kṛṣṇa varṇa), being a vowed ascetic (vratī), by moving about (vicaran) while standing and sitting (sthānāsanābhyām), he should atone for his own sin (ātmapāpam) over three years.
न नर्मयुक्तं वचनं हिनस्ति न स्त्रीषु राजन्न विवाहकाले ।
न गुर्वर्थे नात्मनो जीवितार्थे पञ्चानृतान्याहुरपातकानि ॥२८॥
28. na narmayuktaṁ vacanaṁ hinasti; na strīṣu rājanna vivāhakāle ,
na gurvarthe nātmano jīvitārthe; pañcānṛtānyāhurapātakāni.
28. na narma-yuktam vacanam hinasti
na strīṣu rājan na vivāha-kāle na
guru-arthe na ātmanaḥ jīvita-arthe
pañca anṛtāni āhuḥ apātakāni
28. O King, a statement made in jest is not harmful. Untruths spoken to women, or at the time of marriage (vivāha-kāla), or for the sake of a teacher (guru), or for the sake of one's own life, these five untruths (anṛta) are declared to be not sinful.
श्रद्दधानः शुभां विद्यां हीनादपि समाचरेत् ।
सुवर्णमपि चामेध्यादाददीतेति धारणा ॥२९॥
29. śraddadhānaḥ śubhāṁ vidyāṁ hīnādapi samācaret ,
suvarṇamapi cāmedhyādādadīteti dhāraṇā.
29. śraddadhānaḥ śubhām vidyām hīnāt api samācaret
suvarṇam api ca amedhyāt ādādīta iti dhāraṇā
29. śraddadhānaḥ hīnāt api śubhām vidyām samācaret
ca amedhyāt suvarṇam api ādādīta iti dhāraṇā
29. A faithful person should acquire auspicious knowledge even from an inferior source. This is the principle that one should accept even gold from an impure place.
स्त्रीरत्नं दुष्कुलाच्चापि विषादप्यमृतं पिबेत् ।
अदुष्टा हि स्त्रियो रत्नमाप इत्येव धर्मतः ॥३०॥
30. strīratnaṁ duṣkulāccāpi viṣādapyamṛtaṁ pibet ,
aduṣṭā hi striyo ratnamāpa ityeva dharmataḥ.
30. strīratnam duṣkulāt ca api viṣāt api amṛtam pibet
aduṣṭāḥ hi striyaḥ ratnam āpaḥ iti eva dharmataḥ
30. duṣkulāt api strīratnam pibet viṣāt api amṛtam pibet
hi aduṣṭāḥ striyaḥ ratnam āpaḥ iti eva dharmataḥ
30. One should take a jewel of a woman even from an ignoble family, and one should drink nectar even if it comes from poison. For, indeed, blameless women are considered a jewel and (as essential as) water, according to natural law (dharma).
गोब्राह्मणहितार्थं च वर्णानां संकरेषु च ।
गृह्णीयात्तु धनुर्वैश्यः परित्राणाय चात्मनः ॥३१॥
31. gobrāhmaṇahitārthaṁ ca varṇānāṁ saṁkareṣu ca ,
gṛhṇīyāttu dhanurvaiśyaḥ paritrāṇāya cātmanaḥ.
31. gobrāhmaṇahitārtham ca varṇānām saṃkareṣu ca
gṛhṇīyāt tu dhanuḥ vaiśyaḥ paritrāṇāya ca ātmanaḥ
31. vaiśyaḥ tu gobrāhmaṇahitārtham ca varṇānām
saṃkareṣu ca ātmanaḥ ca paritrāṇāya dhanuḥ gṛhṇīyāt
31. Indeed, a Vaishya should take up a bow for the welfare of cows and Brahmins, and during the confusion of social classes, and for the protection of himself (ātman).
सुरापानं ब्रह्महत्या गुरुतल्पमथापि वा ।
अनिर्देश्यानि मन्यन्ते प्राणान्तानीति धारणा ॥३२॥
32. surāpānaṁ brahmahatyā gurutalpamathāpi vā ,
anirdeśyāni manyante prāṇāntānīti dhāraṇā.
32. surāpānam brahmahatyā gurutalpam athā api vā
anirdeśyāni manyante prāṇāntāni iti dhāraṇā
32. surāpānam brahmahatyā athā api vā gurutalpam
anirdeśyāni prāṇāntāni iti manyante dhāraṇā
32. Drinking liquor, killing a Brahmin, or indeed, lying with the guru's wife – these are considered unspeakable acts that can only end with the loss of one's own life. This is the accepted principle.
सुवर्णहरणं स्तैन्यं विप्रासङ्गश्च पातकम् ।
विहरन्मद्यपानं चाप्यगम्यागमनं तथा ॥३३॥
33. suvarṇaharaṇaṁ stainyaṁ viprāsaṅgaśca pātakam ,
viharanmadyapānaṁ cāpyagamyāgamanaṁ tathā.
33. suvarṇaharaṇam stainyam vipra-āsaṅgaḥ ca pātakam
viharan madyapānam ca api agamya-āgamanam tathā
33. suvarṇaharaṇam stainyam vipra-āsaṅgaḥ ca pātakam
viharan madyapānam ca api agamya-āgamanam tathā
33. Stealing gold, general theft, and association with a fallen Brahmin are major sins. Likewise, indulging in drinking alcohol and illicit sexual intercourse are also (major sins).
पतितैः संप्रयोगाच्च ब्राह्मणैर्योनितस्तथा ।
अचिरेण महाराज तादृशो वै भवत्युत ॥३४॥
34. patitaiḥ saṁprayogācca brāhmaṇairyonitastathā ,
acireṇa mahārāja tādṛśo vai bhavatyuta.
34. patitaiḥ samprayogāt ca brāhmaṇaiḥ yonitaḥ
tathā acireṇa mahārāja tādṛśaḥ vai bhavati uta
34. mahārāja patitaiḥ ca brāhmaṇaiḥ yonitaḥ tathā
samprayogāt acireṇa (janaḥ) tādṛśaḥ vai uta bhavati
34. O great king, by close association with fallen individuals, and similarly, by connections even with Brahmins through family ties, one quickly indeed becomes such (a fallen person).
संवत्सरेण पतति पतितेन सहाचरन् ।
याजनाध्यापनाद्यौनान्न तु यानासनाशनात् ॥३५॥
35. saṁvatsareṇa patati patitena sahācaran ,
yājanādhyāpanādyaunānna tu yānāsanāśanāt.
35. saṃvatsareṇa patati patitena saha ācaran
yājana-adhyāpana-ādi-yaunāt na tu yāna-āsana-aśanāt
35. patitena saha ācaran (janaḥ) saṃvatsareṇa patati (saḥ) yājana-adhyāpana-ādi-yaunāt (patati),
tu yāna-āsana-aśanāt na (patati)
35. One falls (from one's status) in a year by associating with a fallen person, specifically through officiating sacrifices for them, teaching them, or marital relations, but not merely by riding, sitting, or eating with them.
एतानि च ततोऽन्यानि निर्देश्यानीति धारणा ।
निर्देश्यकेन विधिना कालेनाव्यसनी भवेत् ॥३६॥
36. etāni ca tato'nyāni nirdeśyānīti dhāraṇā ,
nirdeśyakena vidhinā kālenāvyasanī bhavet.
36. etāni ca tataḥ anyāni nirdeśyāni iti dhāraṇā
nirdeśyakena vidhinā kālena avyasanī bhavet
36. etāni ca tataḥ anyāni nirdeśyāni iti dhāraṇā
nirdeśyakena vidhinā kālena (saḥ) avyasanī bhavet
36. And these, and other (sins) besides them, are to be clearly specified; this is the established rule. By following the prescribed method, one should, in time, become free from vice.
अन्नं तिर्यङ्न होतव्यं प्रेतकर्मण्यपातिते ।
त्रिषु त्वेतेषु पूर्वेषु न कुर्वीत विचारणाम् ॥३७॥
37. annaṁ tiryaṅna hotavyaṁ pretakarmaṇyapātite ,
triṣu tveteṣu pūrveṣu na kurvīta vicāraṇām.
37. annaṃ tiryaṅ na hotavyaṃ pretakarmaṇi apātite
triṣu tu eteṣu pūrveṣu na kurvīta vicāraṇām
37. pretakarmaṇi apātite annaṃ tiryaṅ na hotavyaṃ
tu eteṣu triṣu pūrveṣu na vicāraṇām kurvīta
37. Food should not be offered improperly or indirectly during rites for the deceased (pretakarma) if the person was not an outcast. Indeed, in these three previously mentioned matters, one should not engage in deliberation.
अमात्यान्वा गुरून्वापि जह्याद्धर्मेण धार्मिकः ।
प्रायश्चित्तमकुर्वाणैर्नैतैरर्हति संविदम् ॥३८॥
38. amātyānvā gurūnvāpi jahyāddharmeṇa dhārmikaḥ ,
prāyaścittamakurvāṇairnaitairarhati saṁvidam.
38. amātyān vā gurūn vā api jahyāt dharmeṇa dhārmikaḥ
prāyaścittam akurvāṇaiḥ na etaiḥ arhati saṃvidam
38. dhārmikaḥ dharmeṇa amātyān vā gurūn vā api jahyāt
prāyaścittam akurvāṇaiḥ etaiḥ na saṃvidam arhati
38. A person committed to (natural) law (dharma) should abandon even ministers or teachers in accordance with (natural) law (dharma). One should not associate or agree with those who do not perform expiation.
अधर्मकारी धर्मेण तपसा हन्ति किल्बिषम् ।
ब्रुवन्स्तेन इति स्तेनं तावत्प्राप्नोति किल्बिषम् ।
अस्तेनं स्तेन इत्युक्त्वा द्विगुणं पापमाप्नुयात् ॥३९॥
39. adharmakārī dharmeṇa tapasā hanti kilbiṣam ,
bruvanstena iti stenaṁ tāvatprāpnoti kilbiṣam ,
astenaṁ stena ityuktvā dviguṇaṁ pāpamāpnuyāt.
39. adharmakārī dharmeṇa tapasā hanti
kilbiṣam bruvan stena iti stenam
tāvat prāpnoti kilbiṣam astenam stena
iti uktvā dviguṇam pāpam āpnuyāt
39. adharmakārī dharmeṇa tapasā kilbiṣam hanti.
stenam stena iti bruvan tāvat kilbiṣam prāpnoti.
astenam stena iti uktvā dviguṇam pāpam āpnuyāt
39. A wrongdoer (adharmakārī) destroys sin (kilbiṣam) through righteous conduct (dharma) and penance (tapas). One who calls a thief 'a thief' incurs a certain measure of sin (kilbiṣam). However, having called an innocent person 'a thief', one would incur double the sin (pāpam).
त्रिभागं ब्रह्महत्यायाः कन्या प्राप्नोति दुष्यती ।
यस्तु दूषयिता तस्याः शेषं प्राप्नोति किल्बिषम् ॥४०॥
40. tribhāgaṁ brahmahatyāyāḥ kanyā prāpnoti duṣyatī ,
yastu dūṣayitā tasyāḥ śeṣaṁ prāpnoti kilbiṣam.
40. tribhāgam brahmahatyāyāḥ kanyā prāpnoti duṣyatī
yaḥ tu dūṣayitā tasyāḥ śeṣam prāpnoti kilbiṣam
40. duṣyatī kanyā brahmahatyāyāḥ tribhāgam prāpnoti.
yaḥ tu tasyāḥ dūṣayitā śeṣam kilbiṣam prāpnoti
40. A maiden, if she becomes corrupted, incurs one-third of the sin of brahmin-murder (brahmahatyā). And he who defiles her incurs the remainder of that sin (kilbiṣam).
ब्राह्मणायावगूर्येह स्पृष्ट्वा गुरुतरं भवेत् ।
वर्षाणां हि शतं पापः प्रतिष्ठां नाधिगच्छति ॥४१॥
41. brāhmaṇāyāvagūryeha spṛṣṭvā gurutaraṁ bhavet ,
varṣāṇāṁ hi śataṁ pāpaḥ pratiṣṭhāṁ nādhigacchati.
41. brāhmaṇāya avagūrya iha spṛṣṭvā gurutaram bhavet
varṣāṇām hi śatam pāpaḥ pratiṣṭhām na adhigacchati
41. iha brāhmaṇāya avagūrya spṛṣṭvā (ca) gurutaram (pāpam) bhavet
hi (saḥ) pāpaḥ varṣāṇām śatam pratiṣṭhām na adhigacchati
41. If one threatens a Brahmin in this world and then actually touches him (with an intent to harm), the sin becomes much heavier. Indeed, for a hundred years, the sinner does not attain any stability or expiation.
सहस्रं त्वेव वर्षाणां निपात्य नरके वसेत् ।
तस्मान्नैवावगूर्याद्धि नैव जातु निपातयेत् ॥४२॥
42. sahasraṁ tveva varṣāṇāṁ nipātya narake vaset ,
tasmānnaivāvagūryāddhi naiva jātu nipātayet.
42. sahasram tu eva varṣāṇām nipātya narake vaset
tasmāt na eva avagūryāt hi na eva jātu nipātayet
42. tu eva (yaḥ) nipātya (saḥ) sahasram varṣāṇām narake
vaset tasmāt na eva avagūryāt hi na eva jātu nipātayet
42. Indeed, having struck down (a Brahmin), one would dwell in hell (naraka) for a thousand years. Therefore, one should certainly never threaten, nor should one ever strike down.
शोणितं यावतः पांसून्संगृह्णीयाद्द्विजक्षतात् ।
तावतीः स समा राजन्नरके परिवर्तते ॥४३॥
43. śoṇitaṁ yāvataḥ pāṁsūnsaṁgṛhṇīyāddvijakṣatāt ,
tāvatīḥ sa samā rājannarake parivartate.
43. śoṇitam yāvataḥ pāṃsūn saṃgṛhṇīyāt dvijakṣatāt
tāvatīḥ sa samāḥ rājan narake parivartate
43. rājan (yaḥ) dvijakṣatāt śoṇitam yāvataḥ pāṃsūn
saṃgṛhṇīyāt saḥ tāvatīḥ samāḥ narake parivartate
43. O King, the offender dwells in hell (naraka) for as many years as the number of dust particles absorbed by the blood flowing from a wound inflicted upon a Brahmin.
भ्रूणहाहवमध्ये तु शुध्यते शस्त्रपातितः ।
आत्मानं जुहुयाद्वह्नौ समिद्धे तेन शुध्यति ॥४४॥
44. bhrūṇahāhavamadhye tu śudhyate śastrapātitaḥ ,
ātmānaṁ juhuyādvahnau samiddhe tena śudhyati.
44. bhrūṇahā āhavamadhye tu śudhyate śastrapātitaḥ
ātmānam juhuyāt vahnau samiddhe tena śudhyati
44. tu bhrūṇahā āhavamadhye śastrapātitaḥ (san) śudhyate
(athavā yaḥ) ātmānam samiddhe vahnau juhuyāt tena śudhyati
44. Indeed, a person who has killed a Brahmin or an embryo (bhrūṇahan) becomes purified if he is struck down by a weapon in the midst of battle. Alternatively, if he sacrifices himself (ātman) into a blazing fire, he is thereby purified.
सुरापो वारुणीमुष्णां पीत्वा पापाद्विमुच्यते ।
तया स काये निर्दग्धे मृत्युना प्रेत्य शुध्यति ।
लोकांश्च लभते विप्रो नान्यथा लभते हि सः ॥४५॥
45. surāpo vāruṇīmuṣṇāṁ pītvā pāpādvimucyate ,
tayā sa kāye nirdagdhe mṛtyunā pretya śudhyati ,
lokāṁśca labhate vipro nānyathā labhate hi saḥ.
45. surāpaḥ vāruṇīm uṣṇām pītvā pāpāt
vimucyate tayā saḥ kāye nirdagdhe
mṛtyunā pretya śudhyati lokān ca labhate
vipraḥ na anyathā labhate hi saḥ
45. surāpaḥ vipraḥ uṣṇām vāruṇīm pītvā
pāpāt vimucyate tayā kāye nirdagdhe
saḥ mṛtyunā pretya śudhyati saḥ
lokān ca labhate hi na anyathā labhate
45. A Brahmin (vipraḥ) who has consumed alcohol (surāpaḥ), by drinking hot liquor (vāruṇī), is freed from sin. When his body is completely consumed by that (liquor) and he dies, he is purified after death. Such a Brahmin indeed attains the [celestial] worlds; he does not attain them otherwise.
गुरुतल्पमधिष्ठाय दुरात्मा पापचेतनः ।
सूर्मीं ज्वलन्तीमाश्लिष्य मृत्युना स विशुध्यति ॥४६॥
46. gurutalpamadhiṣṭhāya durātmā pāpacetanaḥ ,
sūrmīṁ jvalantīmāśliṣya mṛtyunā sa viśudhyati.
46. gurutalpam adhiṣṭhāya durātmā pāpacetanaḥ
sūrmīm jvalantīm āśliṣya mṛtyunā saḥ viśudhyati
46. gurutalpam adhiṣṭhāya durātmā pāpacetanaḥ
jvalantīm sūrmīm āśliṣya saḥ mṛtyunā viśudhyati
46. The evil-minded (durātman), sinfully-inclined person, having committed the offense of violating the guru's bed (gurutalpam), is purified by death after embracing a blazing hot iron image (sūrmī).
अथ वा शिश्नवृषणावादायाञ्जलिना स्वयम् ।
नैरृतीं दिशमास्थाय निपतेत्स त्वजिह्मगः ॥४७॥
47. atha vā śiśnavṛṣaṇāvādāyāñjalinā svayam ,
nairṛtīṁ diśamāsthāya nipatetsa tvajihmagaḥ.
47. atha vā śiśnavṛṣaṇau ādāya añjalinā svayam
nairṛtīm diśam āsthāya nipatet saḥ tu ajihmagaḥ
47. atha vā svayam śiśnavṛṣaṇau añjalinā ādāya
nairṛtīm diśam āsthāya saḥ ajihmagaḥ tu nipatet
47. Or else, having himself severed his penis and testicles and holding them in his cupped hands (añjalinā), he should proceed towards the south-western direction (nairṛtīm diśam) and then cast himself down to his death. Such a person, whose path is upright (ajihmagaḥ), is indeed purified.
ब्राह्मणार्थेऽपि वा प्राणान्संत्यजेत्तेन शुध्यति ।
अश्वमेधेन वापीष्ट्वा गोमेधेनापि वा पुनः ।
अग्निष्टोमेन वा सम्यगिह प्रेत्य च पूयते ॥४८॥
48. brāhmaṇārthe'pi vā prāṇānsaṁtyajettena śudhyati ,
aśvamedhena vāpīṣṭvā gomedhenāpi vā punaḥ ,
agniṣṭomena vā samyagiha pretya ca pūyate.
48. brāhmaṇārthe api vā prāṇān saṃtyajet
tena śudhyati aśvamedhena vā api
īṣṭvā gomedhena api vā punaḥ agniṣṭomena
vā samyak iha pretya ca pūyate
48. vā api brāhmaṇārthe prāṇān saṃtyajet
tena śudhyati vā punaḥ aśvamedhena
vā gomedhena api vā agniṣṭomena
samyak īṣṭvā iha ca pretya pūyate
48. Or, one may even abandon their life for the sake of a Brahmin; by that, they are purified. Alternatively, having properly performed an Aśvamedha (Vedic ritual), or a Gomedha (Vedic ritual), or an Agniṣṭoma (Vedic ritual), one becomes purified both in this world and after death.
तथैव द्वादश समाः कपाली ब्रह्महा भवेत् ।
ब्रह्मचारी चरेद्भैक्षं स्वकर्मोदाहरन्मुनिः ॥४९॥
49. tathaiva dvādaśa samāḥ kapālī brahmahā bhavet ,
brahmacārī caredbhaikṣaṁ svakarmodāharanmuniḥ.
49. tathā eva dvādaśa samāḥ kapālī brahmahā bhavet
brahmacārī caret bhaikṣam svakarma udāharan muniḥ
49. muniḥ brahmahā द्वादश समाः tathā eva kapālī bhavet
[saḥ] brahmacārī bhaikṣam caret [sva] karma udāharan
49. Similarly, a slayer of a Brahmin (brahmahā) should become a skull-bearer (kapālī) for twelve years. As a sage (muniḥ) observing celibacy (brahmacārī), he should wander, begging for alms and openly declaring his own act (karma).
एवं वा तपसा युक्तो ब्रह्महा सवनी भवेत् ।
एवं वा गर्भमज्ञाता चात्रेयीं योऽभिगच्छति ।
द्विगुणा ब्रह्महत्या वै आत्रेयीव्यसने भवेत् ॥५०॥
50. evaṁ vā tapasā yukto brahmahā savanī bhavet ,
evaṁ vā garbhamajñātā cātreyīṁ yo'bhigacchati ,
dviguṇā brahmahatyā vai ātreyīvyasane bhavet.
50. evam vā tapasā yuktaḥ brahmahā savanī
bhavet evam vā garbham ajñātā ca
ātreyīm yaḥ abhigacchati dviguṇā
brahmahatyā vai ātreyī vyasane bhavet
50. brahmahā evam tapasā yuktaḥ vā savanī
bhavet evam vā yaḥ garbham ajñātā ca
ātreyīm abhigacchati [tadā] ātreyī
vyasane brahmahatyā vai dviguṇā bhavet
50. Alternatively, a slayer of a Brahmin (brahmahā), thus engaged in penance (tapas), becomes purified. Or, if one approaches an Ātreyī (a woman of the Atri lineage) unknowingly pregnant, then in the calamity (vyasana) of the Ātreyī (referring to the loss of her fetus), the sin of Brahmin-slaying (brahmahatyā) is indeed doubled.
सुरापो नियताहारो ब्रह्मचारी क्षमाचरः ।
ऊर्ध्वं त्रिभ्योऽथ वर्षेभ्यो यजेताग्निष्टुता परम् ।
ऋषभैकसहस्रं गा दत्त्वा शुभमवाप्नुयात् ॥५१॥
51. surāpo niyatāhāro brahmacārī kṣamācaraḥ ,
ūrdhvaṁ tribhyo'tha varṣebhyo yajetāgniṣṭutā param ,
ṛṣabhaikasahasraṁ gā dattvā śubhamavāpnuyāt.
51. surāpaḥ niyata āhāraḥ brahmacārī kṣamā
caraḥ ūrdhvam tribhyaḥ atha varṣebhyaḥ
yajeta agniṣṭutā param ṛṣabha eka
sahasram gāḥ dattvā śubham avāpnuyāt
51. surāpaḥ [yaḥ] niyata āhāraḥ brahmacārī
kṣamā caraḥ [saḥ] tribhyaḥ varṣebhyaḥ ūrdhvam
atha param agniṣṭutā yajeta [saḥ] ṛṣabha
eka sahasram gāḥ dattvā śubham avāpnuyāt
51. A drinker of spirituous liquor, who observes a regulated diet, practices celibacy (brahmacārī), and is patient, should, after three years, perform the Agniṣṭut sacrifice. Having given one thousand bulls and cows, he would attain good fortune.
वैश्यं हत्वा तु वर्षे द्वे ऋषभैकशताश्च गाः ।
शूद्रं हत्वाब्दमेवैकमृषभैकादशाश्च गाः ॥५२॥
52. vaiśyaṁ hatvā tu varṣe dve ṛṣabhaikaśatāśca gāḥ ,
śūdraṁ hatvābdamevaikamṛṣabhaikādaśāśca gāḥ.
52. vaiśyam hatvā tu varṣe dve ṛṣabha eka śatāḥ ca gāḥ
śūdram hatvā abdam eva ekam ṛṣabha ekādaśāḥ ca gāḥ
52. tu vaiśyam hatvā [prāyaścittam] dve varṣe
[ca] ṛṣabha eka śatāḥ gāḥ [दातव्यम्]
śūdram hatvā [prāyaścittam] eva ekam
abdam [ca] ṛṣabha ekādaśāḥ gāḥ [दातव्यम्]
52. However, having killed a Vaiśya, the penance involves (a period of) two years, along with (the gift of) one hundred bulls and cows. And having killed a Śūdra, it involves only one year, along with eleven bulls and cows.
श्वबर्बरखरान्हत्वा शौद्रमेव व्रतं चरेत् ।
मार्जारचाषमण्डूकान्काकं भासं च मूषकम् ॥५३॥
53. śvabarbarakharānhatvā śaudrameva vrataṁ caret ,
mārjāracāṣamaṇḍūkānkākaṁ bhāsaṁ ca mūṣakam.
53. śvabarbarakharān hatvā śaudram eva vratam caret
mārjāracāṣamaṇḍūkān kākam bhāsam ca mūṣakam
53. śvabarbarakharān mārjāracāṣamaṇḍūkān kākam
bhāsam ca mūṣakam hatvā śaudram eva vratam caret
53. Having killed dogs, barbarians, or donkeys, (and also) cats, blue jays, frogs, crows, owls/buzzards, or mice, one should indeed observe the vow (penance) prescribed for a śūdra.
उक्तः पशुसमो धर्मो राजन्प्राणिनिपातनात् ।
प्रायश्चित्तान्यथान्यानि प्रवक्ष्याम्यनुपूर्वशः ॥५४॥
54. uktaḥ paśusamo dharmo rājanprāṇinipātanāt ,
prāyaścittānyathānyāni pravakṣyāmyanupūrvaśaḥ.
54. uktaḥ paśusamaḥ dharmaḥ rājan prāṇinipātanāt
prāyaścittāni atha anyāni pravakṣyāmi anupūrvaśaḥ
54. rājan,
prāṇinipātanāt dharmaḥ paśusamaḥ uktaḥ.
atha anyāni prāyaścittāni anupūrvaśaḥ pravakṣyāmi
54. O King, the consequence (dharma) of killing living beings is declared to be similar to (that of killing) an animal. Therefore, I will now explain other specific penances in due order.
तल्पे चान्यस्य चौर्ये च पृथक्संवत्सरं चरेत् ।
त्रीणि श्रोत्रियभार्यायां परदारे तु द्वे स्मृते ॥५५॥
55. talpe cānyasya caurye ca pṛthaksaṁvatsaraṁ caret ,
trīṇi śrotriyabhāryāyāṁ paradāre tu dve smṛte.
55. talpe ca anyasya caurye ca pṛthak saṃvatsaram
caret trīṇi śrotriyabhāryāyām paradāre tu dve smṛte
55. anyasya talpe ca caurye ca pṛthak saṃvatsaram caret.
śrotriyabhāryāyām trīṇi,
tu paradāre dve smṛte
55. For lying with another's wife and for theft, one should observe a penance for one year separately (for each offense). (But) three (years of penance) are prescribed for (lying with) a Brahmin's (śrotriya) wife, while two (years) are declared for another's wife (in general).
काले चतुर्थे भुञ्जानो ब्रह्मचारी व्रती भवेत् ।
स्थानासनाभ्यां विहरेत्त्रिरह्नोऽभ्युदितादपः ।
एवमेव निराचान्तो यश्चाग्नीनपविध्यति ॥५६॥
56. kāle caturthe bhuñjāno brahmacārī vratī bhavet ,
sthānāsanābhyāṁ viharettrirahno'bhyuditādapaḥ ,
evameva nirācānto yaścāgnīnapavidhyati.
56. kāle caturthe bhuñjānaḥ brahmacārī
vratī bhavet sthānāsanābhyām viharet
triḥ ahnaḥ abhyuditāt apaḥ evam
eva nirācāntaḥ yaḥ ca agnīn apavidhyati
56. brahmacārī vratī bhavet caturthe kāle bhuñjānaḥ.
sthānāsanābhyām viharet triḥ ahnaḥ abhyuditāt apaḥ (pibet).
evam eva,
yaḥ ca nirācāntaḥ agnīn apavidhyati (sa doṣī bhavati)
56. A celibate student (brahmacārī) should be one who observes strict vows (vratī), eating only in the fourth part of the day. One should endure by (practicing) standing and sitting, drinking water thrice daily after sunrise. Likewise, whoever abandons the sacred fires without having performed the ritual mouth-rinsing (ācamana) (commits an offense).
त्यजत्यकारणे यश्च पितरं मातरं तथा ।
पतितः स्यात्स कौरव्य तथा धर्मेषु निश्चयः ॥५७॥
57. tyajatyakāraṇe yaśca pitaraṁ mātaraṁ tathā ,
patitaḥ syātsa kauravya tathā dharmeṣu niścayaḥ.
57. tyajati akāraṇe yaḥ ca pitaram mātaram tathā
patitaḥ syāt saḥ kauravya tathā dharmeṣu niścayaḥ
57. yaḥ ca akāraṇe pitaram mātaram tathā tyajati saḥ
patitaḥ syāt kauravya tathā dharmeṣu niścayaḥ
57. He who abandons his father and mother without just cause becomes an outcast. O Kauravya, this is indeed the established rule concerning sacred duties (dharma).
ग्रासाच्छादनमत्यर्थं दद्यादिति निदर्शनम् ।
भार्यायां व्यभिचारिण्यां निरुद्धायां विशेषतः ।
यत्पुंसां परदारेषु तच्चैनां चारयेद्व्रतम् ॥५८॥
58. grāsācchādanamatyarthaṁ dadyāditi nidarśanam ,
bhāryāyāṁ vyabhicāriṇyāṁ niruddhāyāṁ viśeṣataḥ ,
yatpuṁsāṁ paradāreṣu taccaināṁ cārayedvratam.
58. grāsācchādanam atyartham dadyāt iti
nidarśanam bhāryāyām vyabhicāriṇyām
niruddhāyām viśeṣataḥ yat puṃsām
paradāreṣu tat ca enām cārayet vratam
58. grāsācchādanam atyartham dadyāt iti
nidarśanam vyabhicāriṇyām niruddhāyām
bhāryāyām viśeṣataḥ yat puṃsām
paradāreṣu tat ca enām vratam cārayet
58. One should provide ample food and clothing; this is the rule. This applies especially to an unchaste wife who is confined. Furthermore, whatever penance (vrata) is prescribed for men who engage with other men's wives, that same vow one should make her observe.
श्रेयांसं शयने हित्वा या पापीयांसमृच्छति ।
श्वभिस्तां खादयेद्राजा संस्थाने बहुसंवृते ॥५९॥
59. śreyāṁsaṁ śayane hitvā yā pāpīyāṁsamṛcchati ,
śvabhistāṁ khādayedrājā saṁsthāne bahusaṁvṛte.
59. śreyāṃsam śayane hitvā yā pāpīyāṃsam ṛcchati
śvabhiḥ tām khādayet rājā saṃsthāne bahusaṃvṛte
59. yā śayane śreyāṃsam hitvā pāpīyāṃsam ṛcchati
tām rājā bahusaṃvṛte saṃsthāne śvabhiḥ khādayet
59. The woman who abandons her superior husband and resorts to an inferior (wicked) man should be torn apart by dogs in a public, crowded place, as ordered by the king.
पुमांसं बन्धयेत्प्राज्ञः शयने तप्त आयसे ।
अप्यादधीत दारूणि तत्र दह्येत पापकृत् ॥६०॥
60. pumāṁsaṁ bandhayetprājñaḥ śayane tapta āyase ,
apyādadhīta dārūṇi tatra dahyeta pāpakṛt.
60. pumāṃsam bandhayet prājñaḥ śayane tapte āyase
api ādadīta dārūṇi tatra dahyeta pāpakṛt
60. prājñaḥ pumāṃsam tapte āyase śayane bandhayet
api dārūṇi ādadīta tatra pāpakṛt dahyeta
60. A sensible authority should bind a man on a heated iron bed. One should then place logs (firewood) there, so that the evildoer is burned.
एष दण्डो महाराज स्त्रीणां भर्तृव्यतिक्रमे ।
संवत्सराभिशस्तस्य दुष्टस्य द्विगुणो भवेत् ॥६१॥
61. eṣa daṇḍo mahārāja strīṇāṁ bhartṛvyatikrame ,
saṁvatsarābhiśastasya duṣṭasya dviguṇo bhavet.
61. eṣaḥ daṇḍaḥ mahārāja strīṇām bhartṛvyatikrame
saṃvatsarābhiśastasya duṣṭasya dviguṇaḥ bhavet
61. mahārāja eṣaḥ daṇḍaḥ strīṇām bhartṛvyatikrame (asti) (ca)
duṣṭasya saṃvatsarābhiśastasya (daṇḍaḥ) dviguṇaḥ bhavet
61. O great king, this punishment is for women who transgress against their husbands. For a wicked person (duṣṭa) who has been accused for a year, the punishment should be double.
द्वे तस्य त्रीणि वर्षाणि चत्वारि सहसेविनः ।
कुचरः पञ्च वर्षाणि चरेद्भैक्षं मुनिव्रतः ॥६२॥
62. dve tasya trīṇi varṣāṇi catvāri sahasevinaḥ ,
kucaraḥ pañca varṣāṇi caredbhaikṣaṁ munivrataḥ.
62. dve tasya trīṇi varṣāṇi catvāri sahasevinaḥ
kucaraḥ pañca varṣāṇi caret bhaikṣam munivrataḥ
62. tasya dve (varṣāṇi),
sahasevinaḥ trīṇi varṣāṇi catvāri (ca).
kucaraḥ munivrataḥ pañca varṣāṇi bhaikṣam caret.
62. For him (the main offender), the penance is two (years); for an associate (sahasevin), three years; and for one who works alongside (or co-habits), four (years). A person of bad conduct (kucara) should live on alms and observe an ascetic vow (munivrata) for five years.
परिवित्तिः परिवेत्ता यया च परिविद्यते ।
पाणिग्राहश्च धर्मेण सर्वे ते पतिताः स्मृताः ॥६३॥
63. parivittiḥ parivettā yayā ca parividyate ,
pāṇigrāhaśca dharmeṇa sarve te patitāḥ smṛtāḥ.
63. parivittiḥ parivettā yayā ca parividyate
pāṇigrāhaḥ ca dharmeṇa sarve te patitāḥ smṛtāḥ
63. parivittiḥ,
parivettā,
yayā ca parividyate (sā strī),
dharmeṇa pāṇigrāhaḥ ca,
te sarve patitāḥ smṛtāḥ.
63. The younger brother who marries before his elder (parivitti), the elder brother who remains unmarried (parivettā), the woman by whom the younger brother marries, and the one who gives her hand (pāṇigrāha) in marriage according to (natural) law (dharma) – all of them are considered fallen (patita).
चरेयुः सर्व एवैते वीरहा यद्व्रतं चरेत् ।
चान्द्रायणं चरेन्मासं कृच्छ्रं वा पापशुद्धये ॥६४॥
64. careyuḥ sarva evaite vīrahā yadvrataṁ caret ,
cāndrāyaṇaṁ carenmāsaṁ kṛcchraṁ vā pāpaśuddhaye.
64. careyuḥ sarve eva ete vīrahā yat vratam caret
cāndrāyaṇam caret māsam kṛcchram vā pāpaśuddhaye
64. ete sarve eva yat vīrahā vratam caret,
(tat) careyuḥ.
(te) pāpaśuddhaye māsam cāndrāyaṇam vā kṛcchram caret.
64. All these (who are considered fallen) should perform the same vow that a killer of a hero (vīrahā) performs. They should undertake the Cāndrāyaṇa vow for a month, or a Kṛcchra penance, for the purification of their sin (pāpaśuddhi).
परिवेत्ता प्रयच्छेत परिवित्ताय तां स्नुषाम् ।
ज्येष्ठेन त्वभ्यनुज्ञातो यवीयान्प्रत्यनन्तरम् ।
एनसो मोक्षमाप्नोति सा च तौ चैव धर्मतः ॥६५॥
65. parivettā prayaccheta parivittāya tāṁ snuṣām ,
jyeṣṭhena tvabhyanujñāto yavīyānpratyanantaram ,
enaso mokṣamāpnoti sā ca tau caiva dharmataḥ.
65. parivettā prayaccheta parivittāya
tām snuṣām jyeṣṭhena tu abhyanujñātaḥ
yavīyān prati anantaram enasaḥ
mokṣam āpnoti sā ca tau ca eva dharmataḥ
65. yavīyān parivettā jyeṣṭhena tu
abhyanujñātaḥ prati anantaram tām snuṣām
parivittāya prayaccheta sā ca tau
ca eva dharmataḥ enasaḥ mokṣam āpnoti
65. A younger brother who marries before his elder brother (parivettā) should offer that daughter-in-law to the elder brother who has been bypassed (parivitta), but only if the younger brother is immediately authorized by the elder. By doing so, she, along with both brothers, attains liberation (mokṣa) from sin, in accordance with sacred law (dharma).
अमानुषीषु गोवर्जमनावृष्टिर्न दुष्यति ।
अधिष्ठातारमत्तारं पशूनां पुरुषं विदुः ॥६६॥
66. amānuṣīṣu govarjamanāvṛṣṭirna duṣyati ,
adhiṣṭhātāramattāraṁ paśūnāṁ puruṣaṁ viduḥ.
66. amānuṣīṣu go varjam anāvṛṣṭiḥ na duṣyati
adhiṣṭhātāram attāram paśūnām puruṣam viduḥ
66. amānuṣīṣu go varjam anāvṛṣṭiḥ na duṣyati
paśūnām adhiṣṭhātāram attāram puruṣam viduḥ
66. It is not considered a fault when drought affects non-human creatures, with the exception of cows. Sages know the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa) to be the controller and consumer of all animals.
परिधायोर्ध्ववालं तु पात्रमादाय मृन्मयम् ।
चरेत्सप्त गृहान्भैक्षं स्वकर्म परिकीर्तयन् ॥६७॥
67. paridhāyordhvavālaṁ tu pātramādāya mṛnmayam ,
caretsapta gṛhānbhaikṣaṁ svakarma parikīrtayan.
67. paridhāya ūrdhva vālam tu pātram ādāya mṛnmayam
caret sapta gṛhān bhaikṣam sva karma parikīrtayan
67. ūrdhvavālam paridhāya tu mṛnmayam pātram ādāya
sapta gṛhān bhaikṣam caret svakarma parikīrtayan
67. Having donned a hairy garment and taken an earthen bowl, he should wander for alms through seven houses, proclaiming his own specific duty (karma).
तत्रैव लब्धभोजी स्याद्द्वादशाहात्स शुध्यति ।
चरेत्संवत्सरं चापि तद्व्रतं यन्निराकृति ॥६८॥
68. tatraiva labdhabhojī syāddvādaśāhātsa śudhyati ,
caretsaṁvatsaraṁ cāpi tadvrataṁ yannirākṛti.
68. tatra eva labdha bhojī syāt dvādaśa ahāt saḥ śudhyati
caret saṃvatsaram ca api tat vratam yat nirākṛtiḥ
68. (saḥ) tatra eva labdhabhojī syāt saḥ dvādaśāhāt śudhyati
ca api yat nirākṛtiḥ tat vratam saṃvatsaram caret
68. He should eat only what he obtains through begging there. He becomes purified after twelve days. He should also observe that vow (vrata) of renunciation for a year.
भवेत्तु मानुषेष्वेवं प्रायश्चित्तमनुत्तमम् ।
दानं वादानसक्तेषु सर्वमेव प्रकल्पयेत् ।
अनास्तिकेषु गोमात्रं प्राणमेकं प्रचक्षते ॥६९॥
69. bhavettu mānuṣeṣvevaṁ prāyaścittamanuttamam ,
dānaṁ vādānasakteṣu sarvameva prakalpayet ,
anāstikeṣu gomātraṁ prāṇamekaṁ pracakṣate.
69. bhavet tu mānuṣeṣu evam prāyaścittam
anuttamam dānam vā adānasakteṣu
sarvam eva prakalpayet anāstikeṣu
gomātram prāṇam ekam pracakṣate
69. mānuṣeṣu evam tu anuttamam prāyaścittam
bhavet vā adānasakteṣu sarvam
dānam eva prakalpayet anāstikeṣu
ekam gomātram prāṇam pracakṣate
69. Thus, for humans, this is indeed an excellent atonement (prāyaścitta). Alternatively, one should offer all kinds of gifts (dāna) to those who are not attached (to material things or receiving gifts). Among the non-atheists (anāstika), they declare a mere cow to be a single life (prāṇa).
श्ववराहमनुष्याणां कुक्कुटस्य खरस्य च ।
मांसं मूत्रपुरीषं च प्राश्य संस्कारमर्हति ॥७०॥
70. śvavarāhamanuṣyāṇāṁ kukkuṭasya kharasya ca ,
māṁsaṁ mūtrapurīṣaṁ ca prāśya saṁskāramarhati.
70. śvavarāhamanuṣyāṇām kukkuṭasya kharasya ca
māṃsam mūtrapurīṣam ca prāśya saṃskāram arhati
70. śvavarāhamanuṣyāṇām kukkuṭasya kharasya ca
māṃsam mūtrapurīṣam ca prāśya saṃskāram arhati
70. Having consumed the flesh, urine, or feces of dogs, boars, humans, chickens, or donkeys, one becomes deserving of a ritual purification (saṃskāra).
ब्राह्मणस्य सुरापस्य गन्धमाघ्राय सोमपः ।
अपस्त्र्यहं पिबेदुष्णास्त्र्यहमुष्णं पयः पिबेत् ।
त्र्यहमुष्णं घृतं पीत्वा वायुभक्षो भवेत्त्र्यहम् ॥७१॥
71. brāhmaṇasya surāpasya gandhamāghrāya somapaḥ ,
apastryahaṁ pibeduṣṇāstryahamuṣṇaṁ payaḥ pibet ,
tryahamuṣṇaṁ ghṛtaṁ pītvā vāyubhakṣo bhavettryaham.
71. brāhmaṇasya surāpasya gandham āghrāya
somapaḥ apaḥ tryaham pibet uṣṇāḥ
tryaham uṣṇam payaḥ pibet tryaham uṣṇam
ghṛtam pītvā vāyubhakṣaḥ bhavet tryaham
71. somapaḥ surāpasya brāhmaṇasya gandham
āghrāya tryaham apaḥ uṣṇāḥ pibet
tryaham uṣṇam payaḥ pibet tryaham uṣṇam
ghṛtam pītvā tryaham vāyubhakṣaḥ bhavet
71. A Soma-drinker (somapa), having smelled the odor of a Brahmin who consumes liquor, should drink hot water for three days, then hot milk for three days. After drinking hot ghee (ghṛta) for three days, he should subsist only on air (vāyubhakṣa) for another three days.
एवमेतत्समुद्दिष्टं प्रायश्चित्तं सनातनम् ।
ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषेण तत्त्वज्ञानेन जायते ॥७२॥
72. evametatsamuddiṣṭaṁ prāyaścittaṁ sanātanam ,
brāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa tattvajñānena jāyate.
72. evam etat samuddiṣṭam prāyaścittam sanātanam
brāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa tattvajñānena jāyate
72. evam etat sanātanam prāyaścittam samuddiṣṭam
brāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa tattvajñānena jāyate
72. Thus, this eternal atonement (prāyaścitta) has been declared. Especially for a Brahmin, (this atonement) arises from the knowledge of truth (tattva-jñāna).