Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-35

Use the following checkboxes to set the display options for this chapter (You can also control the display of each verse separately):
what would you like to see in each verse:
भीष्म उवाच ।
जन्मनैव महाभागो ब्राह्मणो नाम जायते ।
नमस्यः सर्वभूतानामतिथिः प्रसृताग्रभुक् ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
janmanaiva mahābhāgo brāhmaṇo nāma jāyate ,
namasyaḥ sarvabhūtānāmatithiḥ prasṛtāgrabhuk.
1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | janmanā eva mahābhāgaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ nāma
jāyate | namasyaḥ sarvabhūtānām atithiḥ prasṛtāgrabuk
1. Bhishma said: A greatly fortunate person is born as a brahmin (brāhmaṇa) by birth alone. He is worthy of reverence from all beings, is considered a guest, and is entitled to the first portion of offered food.
सर्वान्नः सुहृदस्तात ब्राह्मणाः सुमनोमुखाः ।
गीर्भिर्मङ्गलयुक्ताभिरनुध्यायन्ति पूजिताः ॥२॥
2. sarvānnaḥ suhṛdastāta brāhmaṇāḥ sumanomukhāḥ ,
gīrbhirmaṅgalayuktābhiranudhyāyanti pūjitāḥ.
2. sarvānnaḥ suhṛdaḥ tāta brāhmaṇāḥ sumanomukhāḥ
| gīrbhiḥ maṅgalayuktābhiḥ anudhyāyanti pūjitāḥ
2. Bhishma says: O dear one, brahmins (brāhmaṇa) who are always well-fed, friendly, and cheerful-faced, when honored, invoke blessings with auspicious words.
सर्वान्नो द्विषतस्तात ब्राह्मणा जातमन्यवः ।
गीर्भिर्दारुणयुक्ताभिरभिहन्युरपूजिताः ॥३॥
3. sarvānno dviṣatastāta brāhmaṇā jātamanyavaḥ ,
gīrbhirdāruṇayuktābhirabhihanyurapūjitāḥ.
3. sarvānnaḥ dviṣataḥ tāta brāhmaṇāḥ jātamanvavaḥ
| gīrbhiḥ dāruṇayuktābhiḥ abhihanyuḥ apūjitāḥ
3. Bhishma says: O dear one, brahmins (brāhmaṇa) who are well-fed, but become hostile with aroused anger if dishonored, would strike down (with curses) using terrible words.
अत्र गाथा ब्रह्मगीताः कीर्तयन्ति पुराविदः ।
सृष्ट्वा द्विजातीन्धाता हि यथापूर्वं समादधत् ॥४॥
4. atra gāthā brahmagītāḥ kīrtayanti purāvidaḥ ,
sṛṣṭvā dvijātīndhātā hi yathāpūrvaṁ samādadhat.
4. atra gāthāḥ brahmagītāḥ kīrtayanti purāvidaḥ |
sṛṣṭvā dvijātīn dhātā hi yathāpūrvaṃ samādadhāt
4. Here, scholars versed in ancient traditions recite verses sung by Brahmā, explaining that the Creator, after creating the twice-born (dvijāti), indeed established them according to the primordial natural law (dharma).
न वोऽन्यदिह कर्तव्यं किंचिदूर्ध्वं यथाविधि ।
गुप्ता गोपायत ब्रह्म श्रेयो वस्तेन शोभनम् ॥५॥
5. na vo'nyadiha kartavyaṁ kiṁcidūrdhvaṁ yathāvidhi ,
guptā gopāyata brahma śreyo vastena śobhanam.
5. na vaḥ anyat iha kartavyam kiṃcit ūrdhvam yathāvidhi
guptāḥ gopāyata brahma śreyaḥ vas tena śobhanam
5. vaḥ iha anyat kiṃcit yathāvidhi ūrdhvam na kartavyam
guptāḥ brahma gopāyata tena vas śobhanam śreyaḥ
5. You have nothing else to do here beyond what is prescribed by the sacred law (dharma). Being protected yourselves, you should protect the spiritual knowledge (brahman). An excellent welfare (śreyaḥ) resides in you through that.
स्वमेव कुर्वतां कर्म श्रीर्वो ब्राह्मी भविष्यति ।
प्रमाणं सर्वभूतानां प्रग्रहं च गमिष्यथ ॥६॥
6. svameva kurvatāṁ karma śrīrvo brāhmī bhaviṣyati ,
pramāṇaṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ pragrahaṁ ca gamiṣyatha.
6. svam eva kurvatām karma śrīḥ vaḥ brāhmī bhaviṣyati
pramāṇam sarvabhūtānām pragraham ca gamiṣyatha
6. svam eva karma kurvatām vaḥ brāhmī śrīḥ bhaviṣyati
ca sarvabhūtānām pramāṇam pragraham gamiṣyatha
6. For those who perform their own prescribed action (karma), brahminical prosperity will be yours. And you will attain authority over all beings and also preeminence.
न शौद्रं कर्म कर्तव्यं ब्राह्मणेन विपश्चिता ।
शौद्रं हि कुर्वतः कर्म धर्मः समुपरुध्यते ॥७॥
7. na śaudraṁ karma kartavyaṁ brāhmaṇena vipaścitā ,
śaudraṁ hi kurvataḥ karma dharmaḥ samuparudhyate.
7. na śaudram karma kartavyam brāhmaṇena vipaścitā
śaudram hi kurvataḥ karma dharmaḥ samuparudhyate
7. vipaścitā brāhmaṇena śaudram karma na kartavyam
hi śaudram karma kurvataḥ dharmaḥ samuparudhyate
7. A wise brahmin should not perform work (karma) meant for a śūdra. For by performing a śūdra's work, his intrinsic nature (dharma) is indeed obstructed.
श्रीश्च बुद्धिश्च तेजश्च विभूतिश्च प्रतापिनी ।
स्वाध्यायेनैव माहात्म्यं विमलं प्रतिपत्स्यथ ॥८॥
8. śrīśca buddhiśca tejaśca vibhūtiśca pratāpinī ,
svādhyāyenaiva māhātmyaṁ vimalaṁ pratipatsyatha.
8. śrīḥ ca buddhiḥ ca tejaḥ ca vibhūtiḥ ca pratāpinī
svādhyāyena eva māhātmyam vimalam pratipatstyatha
8. śrīḥ ca buddhiḥ ca tejaḥ ca pratāpinī vibhūtiḥ ca
svādhyāyena eva vimalam māhātmyam pratipatstyatha
8. Prosperity (śrī), intellect, radiance, and glorious eminence - you will attain pure greatness (māhātmya) only through self-study (svādhyāya).
हुत्वा चाहवनीयस्थं महाभाग्ये प्रतिष्ठिताः ।
अग्रभोज्याः प्रसूतीनां श्रिया ब्राह्म्यानुकल्पिताः ॥९॥
9. hutvā cāhavanīyasthaṁ mahābhāgye pratiṣṭhitāḥ ,
agrabhojyāḥ prasūtīnāṁ śriyā brāhmyānukalpitāḥ.
9. hutvā ca āhavanīyasthaṃ mahābhāgye pratiṣṭhitāḥ
agrabhojyāḥ prasūtīnāṃ śriyā brāhmyā anukalpitāḥ
9. āhavanīyasthaṃ hutvā ca mahābhāgye pratiṣṭhitāḥ
brāhmyā śriyā anukalpitāḥ prasūtīnāṃ agrabhojyāḥ
9. And having offered into the Vedic ritual fire (āhavanīya), they are established in great fortune. Endowed with Brahmanical splendor, they are to be honored with the first food offerings among all creatures.
श्रद्धया परया युक्ता ह्यनभिद्रोहलब्धया ।
दमस्वाध्यायनिरताः सर्वान्कामानवाप्स्यथ ॥१०॥
10. śraddhayā parayā yuktā hyanabhidrohalabdhayā ,
damasvādhyāyaniratāḥ sarvānkāmānavāpsyatha.
10. śraddhayā parayā yuktāḥ hi anabhidrohalabdhayā
damasvādhyāyaniratāḥ sarvān kāmān avāpsyatha
10. hi parayā anabhidrohalabdhayā śraddhayā yuktāḥ
damasvādhyāyaniratāḥ sarvān kāmān avāpsyatha
10. Indeed, you who are endowed with supreme faith (śraddhā), gained without malice, and are devoted to self-control (dama) and self-study (svādhyāya), will obtain all your desires.
यच्चैव मानुषे लोके यच्च देवेषु किंचन ।
सर्वं तत्तपसा साध्यं ज्ञानेन विनयेन च ॥११॥
11. yaccaiva mānuṣe loke yacca deveṣu kiṁcana ,
sarvaṁ tattapasā sādhyaṁ jñānena vinayena ca.
11. yat ca eva mānuṣe loke yat ca deveṣu kiṃcana
sarvaṃ tat tapasā sādhyaṃ jñānena vinayena ca
11. yat ca eva mānuṣe loke yat ca deveṣu kiṃcana
tat sarvaṃ tapasā jñānena vinayena ca sādhyaṃ
11. Whatever exists in the human world, and whatever exists among the gods, all that can be achieved through austerity (tapas), knowledge, and discipline.
इत्येता ब्रह्मगीतास्ते समाख्याता मयानघ ।
विप्रानुकम्पार्थमिदं तेन प्रोक्तं हि धीमता ॥१२॥
12. ityetā brahmagītāste samākhyātā mayānagha ,
viprānukampārthamidaṁ tena proktaṁ hi dhīmatā.
12. iti etāḥ brahmagītāḥ te samākhyātāḥ mayā anagha
viprānukampārtham idaṃ tena proktaṃ hi dhīmatā
12. anagha mayā te iti etāḥ brahmagītāḥ samākhyātāḥ
hi idaṃ tena dhīmatā viprānukampārtham proktaṃ
12. Thus, O sinless one, these divine songs (brahmagītāḥ) have been fully expounded to you by me. Indeed, this (teaching) was spoken by that wise one for the sake of compassion for the Brahmins.
भूयस्तेषां बलं मन्ये यथा राज्ञस्तपस्विनः ।
दुरासदाश्च चण्डाश्च रभसाः क्षिप्रकारिणः ॥१३॥
13. bhūyasteṣāṁ balaṁ manye yathā rājñastapasvinaḥ ,
durāsadāśca caṇḍāśca rabhasāḥ kṣiprakāriṇaḥ.
13. bhūyas teṣām balam manye yathā rājñaḥ tapasvinaḥ
durāsadāḥ ca caṇḍāḥ ca rabhasāḥ kṣiprakāriṇaḥ
13. bhūyas teṣām balam manye yathā rājñaḥ tapasvinaḥ.
durāsadāḥ ca caṇḍāḥ ca rabhasāḥ kṣiprakāriṇaḥ.
13. Furthermore, I consider their strength to be like that of an ascetic (tapasvin) king. They are formidable, fierce, impetuous, and swift in action.
सन्त्येषां सिंहसत्त्वाश्च व्याघ्रसत्त्वास्तथापरे ।
वराहमृगसत्त्वाश्च गजसत्त्वास्तथापरे ॥१४॥
14. santyeṣāṁ siṁhasattvāśca vyāghrasattvāstathāpare ,
varāhamṛgasattvāśca gajasattvāstathāpare.
14. santi eṣām siṃhasattvāḥ ca vyāghrasattvāḥ tathā
apare varāhamṛgasattvāḥ ca gajasattvāḥ tathā apare
14. eṣām siṃhasattvāḥ ca vyāghrasattvāḥ tathā apare varāhamṛgasattvāḥ ca gajasattvāḥ tathā apare santi.
14. Among them, some possess the intrinsic nature (sattva) of lions, and likewise others possess the strength of tigers. Still others have the courage of boars and deer, and others similarly have the might of elephants.
कर्पासमृदवः केचित्तथान्ये मकरस्पृशः ।
विभाष्यघातिनः केचित्तथा चक्षुर्हणोऽपरे ॥१५॥
15. karpāsamṛdavaḥ kecittathānye makaraspṛśaḥ ,
vibhāṣyaghātinaḥ kecittathā cakṣurhaṇo'pare.
15. karpāsamṛdavaḥ kecit tathā anye makaraspṛśaḥ
vibhāṣyaghātinaḥ kecit tathā cakṣurhaṇaḥ apare
15. kecit karpāsamṛdavaḥ.
tathā anye makaraspṛśaḥ.
kecit vibhāṣyaghātinaḥ.
tathā apare cakṣurhaṇaḥ.
15. Some are gentle like cotton, while others are as fierce as crocodiles. Some strike after speaking, and others kill merely with a glance.
सन्ति चाशीविषनिभाः सन्ति मन्दास्तथापरे ।
विविधानीह वृत्तानि ब्राह्मणानां युधिष्ठिर ॥१६॥
16. santi cāśīviṣanibhāḥ santi mandāstathāpare ,
vividhānīha vṛttāni brāhmaṇānāṁ yudhiṣṭhira.
16. santi ca āśīviṣanibhāḥ santi mandāḥ tathā apare
vividhāni iha vṛttāni brāhmaṇānām yudhiṣṭhira
16. yudhiṣṭhira,
ca āśīviṣanibhāḥ santi.
mandāḥ tathā apare santi.
iha brāhmaṇānām vividhāni vṛttāni.
16. And some are like venomous snakes, others are sluggish and dull. O Yudhiṣṭhira, these are the various behaviors of the brahmins in this context.
मेकला द्रमिडाः काशाः पौण्ड्राः कोल्लगिरास्तथा ।
शौण्डिका दरदा दर्वाश्चौराः शबरबर्बराः ॥१७॥
17. mekalā dramiḍāḥ kāśāḥ pauṇḍrāḥ kollagirāstathā ,
śauṇḍikā daradā darvāścaurāḥ śabarabarbarāḥ.
17. mekalāḥ dramiḍāḥ kāśāḥ pauṇḍrāḥ kollagirāḥ tathā
śauṇḍikāḥ daradāḥ darvāḥ caurāḥ śabarabarbarāḥ
17. The Mekalas, Dravidas, Kashas, Paundras, and Kollagiras, as well as the Shaundikas, Daradas, Darvas, Chauras, Shabaras, and Barbaras.
किराता यवनाश्चैव तास्ताः क्षत्रियजातयः ।
वृषलत्वमनुप्राप्ता ब्राह्मणानामदर्शनात् ॥१८॥
18. kirātā yavanāścaiva tāstāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ ,
vṛṣalatvamanuprāptā brāhmaṇānāmadarśanāt.
18. kirātāḥ yavanāḥ ca eva tāḥ tāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ
vṛṣalatvam anuprāptāḥ brāhmaṇānām adarśanāt
18. The Kiratas and Yavanas, along with all those other kṣatriya groups, have fallen into the state of śūdras (vṛṣalatva) due to the absence of Brahmins (brāhmaṇa).
ब्राह्मणानां परिभवादसुराः सलिलेशयाः ।
ब्राह्मणानां प्रसादाच्च देवाः स्वर्गनिवासिनः ॥१९॥
19. brāhmaṇānāṁ paribhavādasurāḥ salileśayāḥ ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ prasādācca devāḥ svarganivāsinaḥ.
19. brāhmaṇānām paribhavāt asurāḥ salileśayāḥ
brāhmaṇānām prasādāt ca devāḥ svarganivāsinaḥ
19. Due to disrespect towards Brahmins (brāhmaṇa), the Asuras became dwellers in water. And due to the grace of Brahmins (brāhmaṇa), the Devas are dwellers in heaven.
अशक्यं स्प्रष्टुमाकाशमचाल्यो हिमवान्गिरिः ।
अवार्या सेतुना गङ्गा दुर्जया ब्राह्मणा भुवि ॥२०॥
20. aśakyaṁ spraṣṭumākāśamacālyo himavāngiriḥ ,
avāryā setunā gaṅgā durjayā brāhmaṇā bhuvi.
20. aśakyam spraṣṭum ākāśam acālyaḥ himavān giriḥ
avāryā setunā gaṅgā durjayāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ bhuvi
20. The sky is impossible to touch, the Himalaya mountain is unmovable, the Ganga river cannot be stopped by a dam, and Brahmins (brāhmaṇa) on earth are unconquerable.
न ब्राह्मणविरोधेन शक्या शास्तुं वसुंधरा ।
ब्राह्मणा हि महात्मानो देवानामपि देवताः ॥२१॥
21. na brāhmaṇavirodhena śakyā śāstuṁ vasuṁdharā ,
brāhmaṇā hi mahātmāno devānāmapi devatāḥ.
21. na brāhmaṇa-virodhena śakyā śāstum vasundharā
brāhmaṇāḥ hi mahā-ātmānaḥ devānām api devatāḥ
21. vasundharā brāhmaṇa-virodhena śāstum na śakyā
hi brāhmaṇāḥ mahā-ātmānaḥ devānām api devatāḥ
21. It is not possible to govern the earth by opposing brahmins. Indeed, brahmins are great souls (mahā-ātman), and they are considered the very deities of the gods.
तान्पूजयस्व सततं दानेन परिचर्यया ।
यदीच्छसि महीं भोक्तुमिमां सागरमेखलाम् ॥२२॥
22. tānpūjayasva satataṁ dānena paricaryayā ,
yadīcchasi mahīṁ bhoktumimāṁ sāgaramekhalām.
22. tān pūjayasva satatam dānena paricaryayā yadi
icchasi mahīm bhoktum imām sāgara-mekhalām
22. yadi imām sāgara-mekhalām mahīm bhoktum icchasi
tān dānena paricaryayā satatam pūjayasva
22. Continuously honor them with donations (dāna) and service, if you wish to enjoy this earth, which is girdled by the oceans.
प्रतिग्रहेण तेजो हि विप्राणां शाम्यतेऽनघ ।
प्रतिग्रहं ये नेच्छेयुस्तेऽपि रक्ष्यास्त्वयानघ ॥२३॥
23. pratigraheṇa tejo hi viprāṇāṁ śāmyate'nagha ,
pratigrahaṁ ye neccheyuste'pi rakṣyāstvayānagha.
23. pratigraheṇa tejaḥ hi viprāṇām śāmyate anagha
pratigraham ye na iccheyuḥ te api rakṣyāḥ tvayā anagha
23. anagha pratigraheṇa viprāṇām tejaḥ hi śāmyate anagha
ye pratigraham na iccheyuḥ te api tvayā rakṣyāḥ
23. O sinless one (anagha), the spiritual effulgence (tejas) of brahmins is indeed diminished by the acceptance of gifts. Therefore, O sinless one (anagha), those who do not desire to accept gifts should also be protected by you.