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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-294

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करालजनक उवाच ।
नानात्वैकत्वमित्युक्तं त्वयैतदृषिसत्तम ।
पश्यामि चाभिसंदिग्धमेतयोर्वै निदर्शनम् ॥१॥
1. karālajanaka uvāca ,
nānātvaikatvamityuktaṁ tvayaitadṛṣisattama ,
paśyāmi cābhisaṁdigdhametayorvai nidarśanam.
1. karālajanakaḥ uvāca nānātvaikātvam iti uktam tvayā etat
ṛṣisattama paśyāmi ca abhisandigdham etayoḥ vai nidarśanam
1. ṛṣisattama karālajanakaḥ uvāca tvayā etat nānātvaikātvam
iti uktam ca etayoḥ nidarśanam abhisandigdham paśyāmi vai
1. Karālajanaka said: "O best among sages, you have spoken about this duality and unity. However, I find the explanation regarding these two concepts to be quite unclear and doubtful."
तथाप्रबुद्धबुद्धाभ्यां बुध्यमानस्य चानघ ।
स्थूलबुद्ध्या न पश्यामि तत्त्वमेतन्न संशयः ॥२॥
2. tathāprabuddhabuddhābhyāṁ budhyamānasya cānagha ,
sthūlabuddhyā na paśyāmi tattvametanna saṁśayaḥ.
2. tathā prabuddhabuddhābhyām budhyamānasya ca anagha
sthūlabuddhyā na paśyāmi tattvam etat na saṃśayaḥ
2. anagha tathā prabuddhabuddhābhyām budhyamānasya ca
etat tattvam sthūlabuddhyā na paśyāmi na saṃśayaḥ
2. "Moreover, O sinless one, I do not perceive this fundamental truth (tattva) clearly with my ordinary, undeveloped intellect, even when it is being understood by those whose intellects are already awakened and enlightened. There is no doubt about this."
अक्षरक्षरयोरुक्तं त्वया यदपि कारणम् ।
तदप्यस्थिरबुद्धित्वात्प्रनष्टमिव मेऽनघ ॥३॥
3. akṣarakṣarayoruktaṁ tvayā yadapi kāraṇam ,
tadapyasthirabuddhitvātpranaṣṭamiva me'nagha.
3. akṣarakṣarayoḥ uktam tvayā yat api kāraṇam tat
api asthirabuddhitvāt pranastam iva me anagha
3. anagha tvayā akṣarakṣarayoḥ yat api kāraṇam
uktam tat api me asthirabuddhitvāt iva pranastam
3. "O sinless one (anagha), whatever explanation you gave regarding the imperishable (akṣara) and the perishable (kṣara), that too seems lost to me, as my intellect (buddhi) is unstable."
तदेतच्छ्रोतुमिच्छामि नानात्वैकत्वदर्शनम् ।
बुद्धमप्रतिबुद्धं च बुध्यमानं च तत्त्वतः ॥४॥
4. tadetacchrotumicchāmi nānātvaikatvadarśanam ,
buddhamapratibuddhaṁ ca budhyamānaṁ ca tattvataḥ.
4. tat etat śrotum icchāmi nānātvaikātvadarśanam
buddham apratibuddham ca budhyamānam ca tattvataḥ
4. tat etat nānātvaikātvadarśanam buddham apratibuddham
ca budhyamānam ca tattvataḥ śrotum icchāmi
4. "Therefore, I wish to hear this teaching regarding the perception of duality and unity, and also the understanding of what is enlightened, unenlightened, and in the process of being enlightened, in their true essence (tattvataḥ)."
विद्याविद्ये च भगवन्नक्षरं क्षरमेव च ।
सांख्यं योगं च कार्त्स्न्येन पृथक्चैवापृथक्च ह ॥५॥
5. vidyāvidye ca bhagavannakṣaraṁ kṣarameva ca ,
sāṁkhyaṁ yogaṁ ca kārtsnyena pṛthakcaivāpṛthakca ha.
5. vidyāvidye ca bhagavan akṣaram kṣaram eva ca sāṅkhyam
yogam ca kārtsnyena pṛthak ca eva apṛthak ca ha
5. bhagavan vidyāvidye ca akṣaram kṣaram eva ca sāṅkhyam
yogam ca kārtsnyena pṛthak ca eva apṛthak ca ha
5. O Lord, [please explain] both knowledge and ignorance, and also the imperishable and the perishable, as well as Sāṅkhya (sāṅkhya) and Yoga (yoga) completely, both as distinct and as non-distinct.
वसिष्ठ उवाच ।
हन्त ते संप्रवक्ष्यामि यदेतदनुपृच्छसि ।
योगकृत्यं महाराज पृथगेव शृणुष्व मे ॥६॥
6. vasiṣṭha uvāca ,
hanta te saṁpravakṣyāmi yadetadanupṛcchasi ,
yogakṛtyaṁ mahārāja pṛthageva śṛṇuṣva me.
6. vasiṣṭha uvāca hanta te sampravakṣyāmi yat etat
anupṛcchasi yogakṛtyam mahārāja pṛthak eva śṛṇuṣva me
6. vasiṣṭha uvāca.
hanta mahārāja,
te yat etat anupṛcchasi sampravakṣyāmi.
me yogakṛtyam pṛthak eva śṛṇuṣva.
6. Vasiṣṭha said: 'Now then, O great King, I will fully explain to you what you are asking about. Please listen to me closely regarding the specific nature of Yoga (yoga).'
योगकृत्यं तु योगानां ध्यानमेव परं बलम् ।
तच्चापि द्विविधं ध्यानमाहुर्वेदविदो जनाः ॥७॥
7. yogakṛtyaṁ tu yogānāṁ dhyānameva paraṁ balam ,
taccāpi dvividhaṁ dhyānamāhurvedavido janāḥ.
7. yogakṛtyam tu yogānām dhyānam eva param balam
tat ca api dvividham dhyānam āhuḥ vedavidaḥ janāḥ
7. yogānām yogakṛtyam tu param balam dhyānam eva.
vedavidaḥ janāḥ tat dhyānam api dvividham āhuḥ.
7. Indeed, for the practitioners of Yoga (yoga), the supreme strength is meditation (dhyāna). Furthermore, those learned people who know the Vedas state that this meditation (dhyāna) is of two types.
एकाग्रता च मनसः प्राणायामस्तथैव च ।
प्राणायामस्तु सगुणो निर्गुणो मनसस्तथा ॥८॥
8. ekāgratā ca manasaḥ prāṇāyāmastathaiva ca ,
prāṇāyāmastu saguṇo nirguṇo manasastathā.
8. ekāgratā ca manasaḥ prāṇāyāmaḥ tathā eva ca
prāṇāyāmaḥ tu saguṇaḥ nirguṇaḥ manasaḥ tathā
8. manasaḥ ekāgratā ca prāṇāyāmaḥ tathā eva ca.
tu prāṇāyāmaḥ saguṇaḥ,
manasaḥ tathā nirguṇaḥ.
8. The two types [of meditation (dhyāna)] are concentration (ekāgratā) of the mind and similarly Prāṇāyāma (prāṇāyāma). However, Prāṇāyāma (prāṇāyāma) is [considered] to have attributes (saguṇa), while [meditation (dhyāna)] of the mind is similarly [considered] to be without attributes (nirguṇa).
मूत्रोत्सर्गे पुरीषे च भोजने च नराधिप ।
त्रिकालं नाभियुञ्जीत शेषं युञ्जीत तत्परः ॥९॥
9. mūtrotsarge purīṣe ca bhojane ca narādhipa ,
trikālaṁ nābhiyuñjīta śeṣaṁ yuñjīta tatparaḥ.
9. mūtrotsarge purīṣe ca bhojane ca narādhipa
trikālam na abhiyuñjīta śeṣam yuñjīta tatparaḥ
9. narādhipa mūtrotsarge purīṣe ca bhojane ca
trikālam na abhiyuñjīta śeṣam tatparaḥ yuñjīta
9. O ruler of men, one should not engage in spiritual practice during urination, defecation, or eating. For the rest of the time, one should be diligent and engage in it.
इन्द्रियाणीन्द्रियार्थेभ्यो निवर्त्य मनसा मुनिः ।
दशद्वादशभिर्वापि चतुर्विंशात्परं ततः ॥१०॥
10. indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyo nivartya manasā muniḥ ,
daśadvādaśabhirvāpi caturviṁśātparaṁ tataḥ.
10. indriyāṇi indriyārthebhyaḥ nivartya manasā muniḥ
daśadvādaśabhiḥ vā api caturviṃśāt param tataḥ
10. muniḥ manasā indriyāṇi indriyārthebhyaḥ nivartya
tataḥ caturviṃśāt param vā api daśadvādaśabhiḥ
10. A sage, having withdrawn the senses from their objects by means of the mind, then transcends the twenty-four (cosmic principles), or even through the mastery of the ten or twelve (faculties).
तं चोदनाभिर्मतिमानात्मानं चोदयेदथ ।
तिष्ठन्तमजरं तं तु यत्तदुक्तं मनीषिभिः ॥११॥
11. taṁ codanābhirmatimānātmānaṁ codayedatha ,
tiṣṭhantamajaraṁ taṁ tu yattaduktaṁ manīṣibhiḥ.
11. tam codanābhiḥ matimān ātmānam codayet atha
tiṣṭhantam ajaram tam tu yat tat uktam manīṣibhiḥ
11. atha matimān codanābhiḥ tam ātmānam codayet tu yat
ajaram tiṣṭhantam tam (ātman) manīṣibhiḥ tat uktam
11. The wise person should then direct that self (ātman) by means of spiritual injunctions. Indeed, that abiding, ageless (ātman) is what has been declared by the thoughtful sages.
तैश्चात्मा सततं ज्ञेय इत्येवमनुशुश्रुम ।
द्रव्यं ह्यहीनमनसो नान्यथेति विनिश्चयः ॥१२॥
12. taiścātmā satataṁ jñeya ityevamanuśuśruma ,
dravyaṁ hyahīnamanaso nānyatheti viniścayaḥ.
12. taiḥ ca ātmā satatam jñeyaḥ iti evam anuśuśruma
dravyam hi ahīnamanasaḥ na anyathā iti viniścayaḥ
12. ca taiḥ ātmā satatam jñeyaḥ iti evam anuśuśruma
hi ahīnamanasaḥ dravyam anyathā na iti viniścayaḥ
12. And thus, we have heard that the self (ātman) is to be constantly known by those (sages). Indeed, for one with an unblemished mind, it is not otherwise; this is the firm conclusion.
विमुक्तः सर्वसङ्गेभ्यो लघ्वाहारो जितेन्द्रियः ।
पूर्वरात्रे परे चैव धारयेत मनोऽऽत्मनि ॥१३॥
13. vimuktaḥ sarvasaṅgebhyo laghvāhāro jitendriyaḥ ,
pūrvarātre pare caiva dhārayeta mano''tmani.
13. vimuktaḥ sarvasaṅgebhyaḥ laghvāhāraḥ jitendriyaḥ
pūrvarātre pare ca eva dhārayeta manaḥ ātmani
13. (saḥ) sarvasaṅgebhyaḥ vimuktaḥ laghvāhāraḥ jitendriyaḥ
pūrvarātre pare ca eva manaḥ ātmani dhārayeta
13. One who is freed from all attachments, partakes of light food, and has controlled their senses, should fix their mind on the self (ātman) in both the first and latter parts of the night.
स्थिरीकृत्येन्द्रियग्रामं मनसा मिथिलेश्वर ।
मनो बुद्ध्या स्थिरं कृत्वा पाषाण इव निश्चलः ॥१४॥
14. sthirīkṛtyendriyagrāmaṁ manasā mithileśvara ,
mano buddhyā sthiraṁ kṛtvā pāṣāṇa iva niścalaḥ.
14. sthirīkṛtya indriyagrāmam manasā mithileśvara
manaḥ buddhyā sthiram kṛtvā pāṣāṇaḥ iva niścalaḥ
14. mithileśvara (tvam) manasā indriyagrāmam sthirīkṛtya
buddhyā manaḥ sthiram kṛtvā pāṣāṇaḥ iva niścalaḥ (bhava)
14. O Lord of Mithila, having steadied the group of senses with the mind, and having made the mind firm with the intellect, one becomes motionless like a stone.
स्थाणुवच्चाप्यकम्पः स्याद्गिरिवच्चापि निश्चलः ।
बुधा विधिविधानज्ञास्तदा युक्तं प्रचक्षते ॥१५॥
15. sthāṇuvaccāpyakampaḥ syādgirivaccāpi niścalaḥ ,
budhā vidhividhānajñāstadā yuktaṁ pracakṣate.
15. sthāṇuvat ca api akampaḥ syāt girivat ca api niścalaḥ
budhāḥ vidhividhānajñāḥ tadā yuktam pracakṣate
15. (saḥ) sthāṇuvat ca api akampaḥ syāt girivat ca api niścalaḥ
(syāt) tadā vidhividhānajñāḥ budhāḥ (tam) yuktam pracakṣate
15. He should be unmoving like a pillar and motionless like a mountain. Then, the wise ones who know the proper rules and methods declare him to be 'absorbed in yoga' (yoga).
न शृणोति न चाघ्राति न रस्यति न पश्यति ।
न च स्पर्शं विजानाति न संकल्पयते मनः ॥१६॥
16. na śṛṇoti na cāghrāti na rasyati na paśyati ,
na ca sparśaṁ vijānāti na saṁkalpayate manaḥ.
16. na śṛṇoti na ca āghrāti na rasyati na paśyati
na ca sparśam vijānāti na saṅkalpayate manaḥ
16. (saḥ) na śṛṇoti na ca āghrāti na rasyati na paśyati
manaḥ ca sparśam na vijānāti na saṅkalpayate
16. Such a concentrated person does not hear, nor does he smell, nor taste, nor see. The mind does not perceive touch, nor does it conceptualize.
न चाभिमन्यते किंचिन्न च बुध्यति काष्ठवत् ।
तदा प्रकृतिमापन्नं युक्तमाहुर्मनीषिणः ॥१७॥
17. na cābhimanyate kiṁcinna ca budhyati kāṣṭhavat ,
tadā prakṛtimāpannaṁ yuktamāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ.
17. na ca abhimanyate kiñcit na ca budhyati kāṣṭhavat
tadā prakṛtim āpannam yuktam āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ
17. manīṣiṇaḥ āhuḥ tadā yuktam prakṛtim āpannam na
ca abhimanyate kiñcit na ca budhyati kāṣṭhavat
17. When it (the self) neither perceives anything nor understands, like a log, then the wise (manīṣiṇaḥ) declare it to have attained its intrinsic nature (prakṛti), and rightly so.
निवाते च यथा दीप्यन्दीपस्तद्वत्स दृश्यते ।
निरिङ्गश्चाचलश्चोर्ध्वं न तिर्यग्गतिमाप्नुयात् ॥१८॥
18. nivāte ca yathā dīpyandīpastadvatsa dṛśyate ,
niriṅgaścācalaścordhvaṁ na tiryaggatimāpnuyāt.
18. nivāte ca yathā dīpyan dīpaḥ tadvat sa dṛśyate
niriṅgaḥ ca acalaḥ ca ūrdhvam na tiryak gatim āpnuyāt
18. ca yathā nivāte dīpyan dīpaḥ tadvat sa dṛśyate ca
niriṅgaḥ ca acalaḥ ūrdhvam tiryak gatim na āpnuyāt
18. And just as a lamp shines in a windless place, so is it seen, motionless and unwavering, moving upwards, not sideways.
तदा तमनुपश्येत यस्मिन्दृष्टे तु कथ्यते ।
हृदयस्थोऽन्तरात्मेति ज्ञेयो ज्ञस्तात मद्विधैः ॥१९॥
19. tadā tamanupaśyeta yasmindṛṣṭe tu kathyate ,
hṛdayastho'ntarātmeti jñeyo jñastāta madvidhaiḥ.
19. tadā tam anupaśyeta yasmin dṛṣṭe tu kathyate
hṛdayasthaḥ antara ātma iti jñeyaḥ jñaḥ tāta madvidhaiḥ
19. tāta tadā yasmin dṛṣṭe tu kathyate hṛdayasthaḥ
antarātmā iti tam anupaśyeta jñaḥ madvidhaiḥ jñeyaḥ
19. Then, my dear (tāta), one should perceive that (self) by seeing which it is said, "This is the inner self (antarātman) residing in the heart," and it is to be known by knowers like me.
विधूम इव सप्तार्चिरादित्य इव रश्मिमान् ।
वैद्युतोऽग्निरिवाकाशे दृश्यतेऽऽत्मा तथात्मनि ॥२०॥
20. vidhūma iva saptārcirāditya iva raśmimān ,
vaidyuto'gnirivākāśe dṛśyate''tmā tathātmani.
20. vidhūmaḥ iva saptārcis ādityaḥ iva raśmimān
vaidyutaḥ agniḥ iva ākāśe dṛśyate ātmā tathā ātmani
20. ātmā dṛśyate tathā ātmani iva vidhūmaḥ saptārcis
iva ādityaḥ raśmimān iva vaidyutaḥ agniḥ ākāśe
20. Just as a smokeless fire (saptārcis), a sun (ādityaḥ) full of rays, or an electrical fire (vaidyutaḥ agniḥ) in the sky is seen, so too is the self (ātman) seen within the self (ātman).
यं पश्यन्ति महात्मानो धृतिमन्तो मनीषिणः ।
ब्राह्मणा ब्रह्मयोनिष्ठा ह्ययोनिममृतात्मकम् ॥२१॥
21. yaṁ paśyanti mahātmāno dhṛtimanto manīṣiṇaḥ ,
brāhmaṇā brahmayoniṣṭhā hyayonimamṛtātmakam.
21. yam paśyanti mahātmānaḥ dhṛtimantaḥ manīṣiṇaḥ
brāhmaṇāḥ brahmayonīṣṭhāḥ hi ayonim amṛtātmakam
21. mahātmānaḥ dhṛtimantaḥ manīṣiṇaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ
brahmayonīṣṭhāḥ hi yam ayonim amṛtātmakam paśyanti
21. Indeed, the great-souled (mahātman), resolute, and wise individuals, who are Brahmins established in the ultimate reality (brahman), perceive that which is without origin and inherently of the nature of immortality.
तदेवाहुरणुभ्योऽणु तन्महद्भ्यो महत्तरम् ।
तदन्तः सर्वभूतेषु ध्रुवं तिष्ठन्न दृश्यते ॥२२॥
22. tadevāhuraṇubhyo'ṇu tanmahadbhyo mahattaram ,
tadantaḥ sarvabhūteṣu dhruvaṁ tiṣṭhanna dṛśyate.
22. tat eva āhuḥ aṇubhyaḥ aṇu tat mahadbhyaḥ mahattaram
tat antaḥ sarvabhūteṣu dhruvam tiṣṭhan na dṛśyate
22. te tat eva aṇubhyaḥ aṇu mahadbhyaḥ mahattaram āhuḥ.
tat sarvabhūteṣu antaḥ dhruvam tiṣṭhan na dṛśyate.
22. That, they declare, is subtler than the subtle and greater than the great. Remaining constant within all beings, it is not perceived.
बुद्धिद्रव्येण दृश्येत मनोदीपेन लोककृत् ।
महतस्तमसस्तात पारे तिष्ठन्नतामसः ॥२३॥
23. buddhidravyeṇa dṛśyeta manodīpena lokakṛt ,
mahatastamasastāta pāre tiṣṭhannatāmasaḥ.
23. buddhidravyeṇa dṛśyeta manodīpena lokakṛt
mahataḥ tamasaḥ tāta pāre tiṣṭhan atāmasaḥ
23. tāta lokakṛt mahataḥ tamasaḥ pāre tiṣṭhan
atāmasaḥ buddhidravyeṇa manodīpena dṛśyeta
23. O dear one (tāta), the creator of the worlds (lokakṛt), who is beyond the great darkness (tamas) and free from any trace of darkness (atāmasa), may be perceived by means of the intellect (buddhi) and with the mind (manas) serving as a lamp.
स तमोनुद इत्युक्तस्तत्त्वज्ञैर्वेदपारगैः ।
विमलो वितमस्कश्च निर्लिङ्गोऽलिङ्गसंज्ञितः ॥२४॥
24. sa tamonuda ityuktastattvajñairvedapāragaiḥ ,
vimalo vitamaskaśca nirliṅgo'liṅgasaṁjñitaḥ.
24. saḥ tamonudaḥ iti uktaḥ tattvajñaiḥ vedapāragaiḥ
vimalaḥ vitamaskaḥ ca nirliṅgaḥ aliṅgasaṃjñitaḥ
24. tattvajñaiḥ vedapāragaiḥ saḥ tamonudaḥ iti uktaḥ.
vimalaḥ vitamaskaḥ ca nirliṅgaḥ aliṅgasaṃjñitaḥ.
24. He is thus described as the dispeller of darkness by those who understand the ultimate truth and have mastered the Vedas. He is pure, completely free from darkness, without distinguishing characteristics, and is known as 'the unmanifested'.
योगमेतद्धि योगानां मन्ये योगस्य लक्षणम् ।
एवं पश्यं प्रपश्यन्ति आत्मानमजरं परम् ॥२५॥
25. yogametaddhi yogānāṁ manye yogasya lakṣaṇam ,
evaṁ paśyaṁ prapaśyanti ātmānamajaraṁ param.
25. yogam etat hi yogānām manye yogasya lakṣaṇam
| evam paśyam prapaśyanti ātmānam ajaram param
25. hi etat yogānām yogam yogasya lakṣaṇam manye
evam paśyam ajaram param ātmānam prapaśyanti
25. I indeed consider this among various spiritual disciplines (yoga) to be the true characteristic (lakṣaṇam) of yoga. Those who perceive in this manner truly see the imperishable, supreme Self (ātman).
योगदर्शनमेतावदुक्तं ते तत्त्वतो मया ।
सांख्यज्ञानं प्रवक्ष्यामि परिसंख्यानिदर्शनम् ॥२६॥
26. yogadarśanametāvaduktaṁ te tattvato mayā ,
sāṁkhyajñānaṁ pravakṣyāmi parisaṁkhyānidarśanam.
26. yogadarśanam etāvat uktam te tattvataḥ mayā |
sāṅkhyajñānam pravakṣyāmi parisaṃkhyānidarśanam
26. etāvat yogadarśanam te tattvataḥ mayā uktam
sāṅkhyajñānam parisaṃkhyānidarśanam pravakṣyāmi
26. This much of the philosophy of yoga (yoga) has been truly explained by me to you. Now, I will expound upon the knowledge of Sāṅkhya, illustrating it with precise enumerations and analyses.
अव्यक्तमाहुः प्रकृतिं परां प्रकृतिवादिनः ।
तस्मान्महत्समुत्पन्नं द्वितीयं राजसत्तम ॥२७॥
27. avyaktamāhuḥ prakṛtiṁ parāṁ prakṛtivādinaḥ ,
tasmānmahatsamutpannaṁ dvitīyaṁ rājasattama.
27. avyaktam āhuḥ prakṛtim parām prakṛtivādinaḥ |
tasmāt mahat samutpannam dvitīyam rājasattama
27. prakṛtivādinaḥ avyaktam parām prakṛtim āhuḥ
rājasattama tasmāt dvitīyam mahat samutpannam
27. The proponents of primal nature (prakṛti) declare the unmanifest (avyakta) to be the supreme primal nature (prakṛti). From that (Prakriti), the Great Principle (mahat), which is the second evolute, is produced, O best of kings.
अहंकारस्तु महतस्तृतीयमिति नः श्रुतम् ।
पञ्च भूतान्यहंकारादाहुः सांख्यानुदर्शिनः ॥२८॥
28. ahaṁkārastu mahatastṛtīyamiti naḥ śrutam ,
pañca bhūtānyahaṁkārādāhuḥ sāṁkhyānudarśinaḥ.
28. ahaṅkāraḥ tu mahataḥ tṛtīyam iti naḥ śrutam |
pañca bhūtāni ahaṅkārāt āhuḥ sāṅkhyānudarśinaḥ
28. tu ahaṅkāraḥ mahataḥ tṛtīyam iti naḥ śrutam
sāṅkhyānudarśinaḥ pañca bhūtāni ahaṅkārāt āhuḥ
28. But ego (ahaṅkāra) is the third evolute from the Great Principle (mahat) - thus it has been heard by us. The followers of the Sāṅkhya philosophy (sāṅkhya) declare that the five gross elements originate from ego (ahaṅkāra).
एताः प्रकृतयस्त्वष्टौ विकाराश्चापि षोडश ।
पञ्च चैव विशेषा वै तथा पञ्चेन्द्रियाणि च ॥२९॥
29. etāḥ prakṛtayastvaṣṭau vikārāścāpi ṣoḍaśa ,
pañca caiva viśeṣā vai tathā pañcendriyāṇi ca.
29. etāḥ prakṛtayaḥ tu aṣṭau vikārāḥ ca api ṣoḍaśa
pañca ca eva viśeṣāḥ vai tathā pañca indriyāṇi ca
29. etāḥ aṣṭau prakṛtayaḥ ca api ṣoḍaśa vikārāḥ ca
eva pañca viśeṣāḥ vai tathā pañca indriyāṇi ca
29. These eight are the primary constituents (prakṛti), and there are also sixteen modifications. Among these are indeed five specific elements, and likewise, five sense organs.
एतावदेव तत्त्वानां सांख्यमाहुर्मनीषिणः ।
सांख्ये विधिविधानज्ञा नित्यं सांख्यपथे रताः ॥३०॥
30. etāvadeva tattvānāṁ sāṁkhyamāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ,
sāṁkhye vidhividhānajñā nityaṁ sāṁkhyapathe ratāḥ.
30. etāvat eva tattvānām sāṅkhyam āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ
sāṅkhye vidhividhānajñāḥ nityam sāṅkhyapathe ratāḥ
30. manīṣiṇaḥ etāvat eva tattvānām sāṅkhyam āhuḥ
sāṅkhye vidhividhānajñāḥ nityam sāṅkhyapathe ratāḥ
30. This much is declared by the wise (manīṣiṇaḥ) to be the totality of principles (tattva) according to Saṃkhya. Those who know the rules and injunctions in Saṃkhya are always engaged in the path of Saṃkhya.
यस्माद्यदभिजायेत तत्तत्रैव प्रलीयते ।
लीयन्ते प्रतिलोमानि सृज्यन्ते चान्तरात्मना ॥३१॥
31. yasmādyadabhijāyeta tattatraiva pralīyate ,
līyante pratilomāni sṛjyante cāntarātmanā.
31. yasmāt yat abhijāyeta tat tatra eva pralīyate
līyante pratilomāni sṛjyante ca antarātmanā
31. yat yasmāt abhijāyeta tat tatra eva pralīyate
pratilomāni līyante ca antarātmanā sṛjyante
31. From whatever (element) a thing arises, into that very (element) it dissolves. The evolutes dissolve in reverse order, and they are created by the inner self (antarātman).
अनुलोमेन जायन्ते लीयन्ते प्रतिलोमतः ।
गुणा गुणेषु सततं सागरस्योर्मयो यथा ॥३२॥
32. anulomena jāyante līyante pratilomataḥ ,
guṇā guṇeṣu satataṁ sāgarasyormayo yathā.
32. anulomena jāyante līyante pratilomataḥ
guṇāḥ guṇeṣu satatam sāgarasya ūrmayaḥ yathā
32. anulomena jāyante pratilomataḥ līyante
guṇāḥ guṇeṣu satatam sāgarasya ūrmayaḥ yathā
32. They are born in the direct sequence, and they dissolve in the reverse sequence. The constituents (guṇa) constantly merge into other constituents, just as waves (merge into) the ocean.
सर्गप्रलय एतावान्प्रकृतेर्नृपसत्तम ।
एकत्वं प्रलये चास्य बहुत्वं च यदासृजत् ।
एवमेव च राजेन्द्र विज्ञेयं ज्ञेयचिन्तकैः ॥३३॥
33. sargapralaya etāvānprakṛternṛpasattama ,
ekatvaṁ pralaye cāsya bahutvaṁ ca yadāsṛjat ,
evameva ca rājendra vijñeyaṁ jñeyacintakaiḥ.
33. sargapralayaḥ etāvān prakṛteḥ
nṛpasattama ekatvam pralaye ca asya
bahutvam ca yadā asṛjat evam eva
ca rājendra vijñeyam jñeyacintakaiḥ
33. nṛpasattama etāvān prakṛteḥ
sargapralayaḥ asya pralaye ekatvam ca
yadā bahutvam ca asṛjat rājendra
evam eva ca jñeyacintakaiḥ vijñeyam
33. O best among kings, this is the extent of creation and dissolution for the material nature (prakṛti): its oneness during dissolution, and its manifestation into multiplicity when it creates. Indeed, O great king, this is how it should be understood by those who ponder the knowable.
अधिष्ठातारमव्यक्तमस्याप्येतन्निदर्शनम् ।
एकत्वं च बहुत्वं च प्रकृतेरनु तत्त्ववान् ।
एकत्वं प्रलये चास्य बहुत्वं च प्रवर्तनात् ॥३४॥
34. adhiṣṭhātāramavyaktamasyāpyetannidarśanam ,
ekatvaṁ ca bahutvaṁ ca prakṛteranu tattvavān ,
ekatvaṁ pralaye cāsya bahutvaṁ ca pravartanāt.
34. adhiṣṭhātāram avyaktam asya api etat
nidarśanam ekatvam ca bahutvam ca
prakṛteḥ anu tattvavān ekatvam
pralaye ca asya bahutvam ca pravartanāt
34. etat nidarśanam asya api avyaktam
adhiṣṭhātāram tattvavān prakṛteḥ
ekatvam ca bahutvam ca anu asya pralaye
ekatvam ca pravartanāt bahutvam ca
34. This principle (of oneness and multiplicity) is also an illustration for the unmanifest controller. One who knows the true nature understands the oneness and multiplicity of material nature (prakṛti) in accordance with its principles. Its oneness occurs in dissolution, and its multiplicity arises from its activity.
बहुधात्मा प्रकुर्वीत प्रकृतिं प्रसवात्मिकाम् ।
तच्च क्षेत्रं महानात्मा पञ्चविंशोऽधितिष्ठति ॥३५॥
35. bahudhātmā prakurvīta prakṛtiṁ prasavātmikām ,
tacca kṣetraṁ mahānātmā pañcaviṁśo'dhitiṣṭhati.
35. bahudhā ātmā prakurvīta prakṛtim prasavātmikām
tat ca kṣetram mahān ātmā pañcaviṃśaḥ adhitiṣṭhati
35. ātmā bahudhā prasavātmikām prakṛtim prakurvīta ca
pañcaviṃśaḥ mahān ātmā tat kṣetram adhitiṣṭhati
35. The Self (ātman) diversely transforms the inherently productive material nature (prakṛti). And the great Self (ātman), which is the twenty-fifth principle, presides over that field.
अधिष्ठातेति राजेन्द्र प्रोच्यते यतिसत्तमैः ।
अधिष्ठानादधिष्ठाता क्षेत्राणामिति नः श्रुतम् ॥३६॥
36. adhiṣṭhāteti rājendra procyate yatisattamaiḥ ,
adhiṣṭhānādadhiṣṭhātā kṣetrāṇāmiti naḥ śrutam.
36. adhiṣṭhātā iti rājendra procyate yatisattamaiḥ
adhiṣṭhānāt adhiṣṭhātā kṣetrāṇām iti naḥ śrutam
36. rājendra saḥ adhiṣṭhātā iti yatisattamaiḥ procyate
kṣetrāṇām adhiṣṭhānāt adhiṣṭhātā iti naḥ śrutam
36. O great king, he is called 'the Controller' by the best of ascetics. We have heard that he is called the Controller because he presides over the fields.
क्षेत्रं जानाति चाव्यक्तं क्षेत्रज्ञ इति चोच्यते ।
अव्यक्तिके पुरे शेते पुरुषश्चेति कथ्यते ॥३७॥
37. kṣetraṁ jānāti cāvyaktaṁ kṣetrajña iti cocyate ,
avyaktike pure śete puruṣaśceti kathyate.
37. kṣetram jānāti ca avyaktam kṣetrajñaḥ iti ca
ucyate avyaktike pure śete puruṣaḥ ca iti kathyate
37. kṣetram avyaktam ca jānāti kṣetrajñaḥ iti ca
ucyate puruṣaḥ ca avyaktike pure śete iti kathyate
37. The one who knows the field (kṣetra) and also the unmanifest (avyakta) is called the 'knower of the field' (kṣetrajña). And the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa) is said to dwell within the city of the unmanifest (prakṛti).
अन्यदेव च क्षेत्रं स्यादन्यः क्षेत्रज्ञ उच्यते ।
क्षेत्रमव्यक्तमित्युक्तं ज्ञाता वै पञ्चविंशकः ॥३८॥
38. anyadeva ca kṣetraṁ syādanyaḥ kṣetrajña ucyate ,
kṣetramavyaktamityuktaṁ jñātā vai pañcaviṁśakaḥ.
38. anyat eva ca kṣetram syāt anyaḥ kṣetrajñaḥ ucyate
kṣetram avyaktam iti uktam jñātā vai pañcaviṃśakaḥ
38. kṣetram anyat eva ca syāt anyaḥ kṣetrajñaḥ ucyate
kṣetram avyaktam iti uktam jñātā vai pañcaviṃśakaḥ
38. Indeed, the field (kṣetra) is one thing, and the knower of the field (kṣetrajña) is said to be another. The field is declared to be the unmanifest (avyakta), while the knower (jñātā) is verily the twenty-fifth principle.
अन्यदेव च ज्ञानं स्यादन्यज्ज्ञेयं तदुच्यते ।
ज्ञानमव्यक्तमित्युक्तं ज्ञेयो वै पञ्चविंशकः ॥३९॥
39. anyadeva ca jñānaṁ syādanyajjñeyaṁ taducyate ,
jñānamavyaktamityuktaṁ jñeyo vai pañcaviṁśakaḥ.
39. anyat eva ca jñānam syāt anyat jñeyam tat ucyate
jñānam avyaktam iti uktam jñeyaḥ vai pañcaviṃśakaḥ
39. jñānam anyat eva ca syāt jñeyam anyat tat ucyate
jñānam avyaktam iti uktam jñeyaḥ vai pañcaviṃśakaḥ
39. Indeed, knowledge (jñāna) is one thing, and that which is to be known (jñeya) is declared to be another. Knowledge is stated to be the unmanifest (avyakta), while that which is to be known (jñeya) is verily the twenty-fifth principle.
अव्यक्तं क्षेत्रमित्युक्तं तथा सत्त्वं तथेश्वरम् ।
अनीश्वरमतत्त्वं च तत्त्वं तत्पञ्चविंशकम् ॥४०॥
40. avyaktaṁ kṣetramityuktaṁ tathā sattvaṁ tatheśvaram ,
anīśvaramatattvaṁ ca tattvaṁ tatpañcaviṁśakam.
40. avyaktam kṣetram iti uktam tathā sattvam tathā īśvaram
anīśvaram atattvam ca tattvam tat pañcaviṃśakam
40. avyaktam kṣetram iti uktam tathā sattvam tathā īśvaram
anīśvaram atattvam ca tat pañcaviṃśakam tattvam
40. The unmanifest (avyakta) is declared to be the field (kṣetra). Similarly, it is (called) 'being' (sattva) and 'controller' (īśvara). It is also without a lord (anīśvaram) and not a (derived) principle (atattvam). However, that twenty-fifth (principle) is *the* true principle (tattva).
सांख्यदर्शनमेतावत्परिसंख्यानदर्शनम् ।
सांख्यं प्रकुरुते चैव प्रकृतिं च प्रचक्षते ॥४१॥
41. sāṁkhyadarśanametāvatparisaṁkhyānadarśanam ,
sāṁkhyaṁ prakurute caiva prakṛtiṁ ca pracakṣate.
41. sāṅkhyadarśanam etāvat parisaṃkhyānadarśanam
sāṅkhyam prakurute ca eva prakṛtim ca pracākṣate
41. sāṅkhyadarśanam etāvat parisaṃkhyānadarśanam (asti).
(te) sāṅkhyam prakurute ca eva,
prakṛtim ca pracākṣate.
41. This Sāṅkhya philosophy is indeed a philosophy based on enumeration. The Sāṅkhyas themselves expound (the principles of) Sāṅkhya and also describe (cosmic) nature (prakṛti).
तत्त्वानि च चतुर्विंशत्परिसंख्याय तत्त्वतः ।
सांख्याः सह प्रकृत्या तु निस्तत्त्वः पञ्चविंशकः ॥४२॥
42. tattvāni ca caturviṁśatparisaṁkhyāya tattvataḥ ,
sāṁkhyāḥ saha prakṛtyā tu nistattvaḥ pañcaviṁśakaḥ.
42. tattvāni ca caturviṃśat parisaṃkhyāya tattvataḥ
sāṅkhyāḥ saha prakṛtyā tu nistattvaḥ pañcaviṃśakaḥ
42. sāṅkhyāḥ tattvataḥ prakṛtyā saha caturviṃśat tattvāni ca parisaṃkhyāya,
pañcaviṃśakaḥ tu nistattvaḥ (iti vadanti).
42. The Sāṅkhyas, having truly enumerated the twenty-four principles, including (cosmic) nature (prakṛti), declare the twenty-fifth (principle, puruṣa) to be without (these) principles.
पञ्चविंशोऽप्रबुद्धात्मा बुध्यमान इति स्मृतः ।
यदा तु बुध्यतेऽऽत्मानं तदा भवति केवलः ॥४३॥
43. pañcaviṁśo'prabuddhātmā budhyamāna iti smṛtaḥ ,
yadā tu budhyate''tmānaṁ tadā bhavati kevalaḥ.
43. pañcaviṃśaḥ aprabuddhātmā budhyamānaḥ iti smṛtaḥ
yadā tu budhyate ātmānam tadā bhavati kevalaḥ
43. pañcaviṃśaḥ (puruṣaḥ) aprabuddhātmā budhyamānaḥ iti smṛtaḥ.
tu yadā ātmānam budhyate,
tadā kevalaḥ bhavati.
43. The twenty-fifth (principle, puruṣa), whose true self (ātman) is unawakened, is traditionally regarded as being in the process of awakening. But when it truly comprehends its own self (ātman), then it becomes completely liberated (kevala).
सम्यग्दर्शनमेतावद्भाषितं तव तत्त्वतः ।
एवमेतद्विजानन्तः साम्यतां प्रतियान्त्युत ॥४४॥
44. samyagdarśanametāvadbhāṣitaṁ tava tattvataḥ ,
evametadvijānantaḥ sāmyatāṁ pratiyāntyuta.
44. samyagdarśanam etāvat bhāṣitam tava tattvataḥ
evam etat vijānanataḥ sāmyatām pratiyānti uta
44. etat samyagdarśanam etāvat tattvataḥ tava bhāṣitam.
evam vijānanataḥ uta sāmyatām pratiyānti.
44. This much true knowledge has been explained to you, based on the fundamental principles. Those who understand this in this manner indeed attain a state of equanimity.
सम्यङ्निदर्शनं नाम प्रत्यक्षं प्रकृतेस्तथा ।
गुणतत्त्वान्यथैतानि निर्गुणोऽन्यस्तथा भवेत् ॥४५॥
45. samyaṅnidarśanaṁ nāma pratyakṣaṁ prakṛtestathā ,
guṇatattvānyathaitāni nirguṇo'nyastathā bhavet.
45. samyak nidarśanam nāma pratyakṣam prakṛteḥ tathā
guṇatattvāni atha etāni nirguṇaḥ anyaḥ tathā bhavet
45. samyak nidarśanam nāma pratyakṣam prakṛteḥ tathā etāni
guṇatattvāni atha (santi) anyaḥ nirguṇaḥ tathā bhavet
45. A correct exposition is indeed the direct perception of the totality of nature (prakṛti). If these are the elements arising from the qualities (guṇa), then similarly, another (entity) that is without qualities (nirguṇa) must exist.
न त्वेवं वर्तमानानामावृत्तिर्विद्यते पुनः ।
विद्यतेऽक्षरभावत्वादपरस्परमव्ययम् ॥४६॥
46. na tvevaṁ vartamānānāmāvṛttirvidyate punaḥ ,
vidyate'kṣarabhāvatvādaparasparamavyayam.
46. na tu evam vartamānānām āvṛttiḥ vidyate punaḥ
vidyate akṣarabhāvatvāt aparasparam avyayam
46. tu evam vartamānānām punaḥ āvṛttiḥ na vidyate
hi aparasparam avyayam akṣarabhāvatvāt vidyate
46. However, for those who are established in this manner, there is no return (āvṛttiḥ) again. This is because the non-dependent and immutable (avyayam) (Principle) exists by virtue of its imperishable nature (akṣarabhāva).
पश्येरन्नेकमतयो न सम्यक्तेषु दर्शनम् ।
तेऽव्यक्तं प्रतिपद्यन्ते पुनः पुनररिंदम ॥४७॥
47. paśyerannekamatayo na samyakteṣu darśanam ,
te'vyaktaṁ pratipadyante punaḥ punarariṁdama.
47. paśyeran ekamatayaḥ na samyak teṣu darśanam te
avyaktam pratipadyante punaḥ punaḥ ariṁdama
47. ekamatayaḥ teṣu samyak darśanam na paśyeran he ariṁdama,
te punaḥ punaḥ avyaktam pratipadyante
47. Those with a singular resolve (ekamatayaḥ) may not have a correct perception (darśanam) among them. They repeatedly attain the unmanifest (avyakta), O subduer of foes (ariṁdama).
सर्वमेतद्विजानन्तो न सर्वस्य प्रबोधनात् ।
व्यक्तीभूता भविष्यन्ति व्यक्तस्य वशवर्तिनः ॥४८॥
48. sarvametadvijānanto na sarvasya prabodhanāt ,
vyaktībhūtā bhaviṣyanti vyaktasya vaśavartinaḥ.
48. sarvam etat vijānantaḥ na sarvasya prabodhanāt
vyaktībhūtāḥ bhaviṣyanti vyaktasya vaśavartinaḥ
48. etat sarvam vijānantaḥ (janāḥ) sarvasya prabodhanāt na (evaṁ
jñānāt) te vyaktasya vaśavartinaḥ vyaktībhūtāḥ bhaviṣyanti
48. Those who know all this, yet not by the awakening (prabodhanāt) of everything, will become manifest (vyaktībhūtāḥ) and subordinate to the manifest (vyakta).
सर्वमव्यक्तमित्युक्तमसर्वः पञ्चविंशकः ।
य एनमभिजानन्ति न भयं तेषु विद्यते ॥४९॥
49. sarvamavyaktamityuktamasarvaḥ pañcaviṁśakaḥ ,
ya enamabhijānanti na bhayaṁ teṣu vidyate.
49. sarvam avyaktam iti uktam asarvaḥ pañcavimśakaḥ
ya enam abhijānanti na bhayam teṣu vidyate
49. sarvam avyaktam iti uktam asarvaḥ pañcavimśakaḥ
ya enam abhijānanti teṣu bhayam na vidyate
49. Everything is declared to be unmanifest (avyakta); the twenty-fifth principle (puruṣa) is not a part of this totality. Those who truly understand this principle experience no fear.