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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-149

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भीम उवाच ।
पूर्वरूपमदृष्ट्वा ते न यास्यामि कथंचन ।
यदि तेऽहमनुग्राह्यो दर्शयात्मानमात्मना ॥१॥
1. bhīma uvāca ,
pūrvarūpamadṛṣṭvā te na yāsyāmi kathaṁcana ,
yadi te'hamanugrāhyo darśayātmānamātmanā.
1. bhīma uvāca | pūrvarūpam adṛṣṭvā te na yāsyāmi kathaṃcana
| yadi te aham anugrāhyaḥ darśaya ātmānam ātmanā
1. Bhīma said: "Without seeing your previous form, I will not go by any means. If I am to be favored by you, then show me your true self (ātman) through your own self (ātman)."
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवमुक्तस्तु भीमेन स्मितं कृत्वा प्लवंगमः ।
तद्रूपं दर्शयामास यद्वै सागरलङ्घने ॥२॥
2. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evamuktastu bhīmena smitaṁ kṛtvā plavaṁgamaḥ ,
tadrūpaṁ darśayāmāsa yadvai sāgaralaṅghane.
2. vaiśampāyana uvāca | evam uktaḥ tu bhīmena smitam kṛtvā
plavaṃgamaḥ | tat rūpam darśayāmāsa yat vai sāgaralaṅghane
2. Vaiśampāyana said: "After being thus addressed by Bhīma, the monkey (Hanumān), smiling, displayed the form which he had assumed for crossing the ocean."
भ्रातुः प्रियमभीप्सन्वै चकार सुमहद्वपुः ।
देहस्तस्य ततोऽतीव वर्धत्यायामविस्तरैः ॥३॥
3. bhrātuḥ priyamabhīpsanvai cakāra sumahadvapuḥ ,
dehastasya tato'tīva vardhatyāyāmavistaraiḥ.
3. bhrātuḥ priyam abhīpsan vai cakāra sumahat vapuḥ
| dehaḥ tasya tataḥ atīva vardhati āyāmavistaraiḥ
3. Desiring to please his brother, he indeed assumed a very great body. Then, his body grew exceedingly with increasing length and breadth.
तद्रूपं कदलीषण्डं छादयन्नमितद्युतिः ।
गिरेश्चोच्छ्रयमागम्य तस्थौ तत्र स वानरः ॥४॥
4. tadrūpaṁ kadalīṣaṇḍaṁ chādayannamitadyutiḥ ,
gireścocchrayamāgamya tasthau tatra sa vānaraḥ.
4. tat rūpam kadalīṣaṇḍam chādayan amitadyutiḥ |
gireḥ ca ucchrayam āgamya tasthau tatra sa vānaraḥ
4. That immensely radiant monkey, covering the banana grove with his form and reaching the height of the mountain, stood there.
समुच्छ्रितमहाकायो द्वितीय इव पर्वतः ।
ताम्रेक्षणस्तीक्ष्णदंष्ट्रो भृकुटीकृतलोचनः ।
दीर्घलाङ्गूलमाविध्य दिशो व्याप्य स्थितः कपिः ॥५॥
5. samucchritamahākāyo dvitīya iva parvataḥ ,
tāmrekṣaṇastīkṣṇadaṁṣṭro bhṛkuṭīkṛtalocanaḥ ,
dīrghalāṅgūlamāvidhya diśo vyāpya sthitaḥ kapiḥ.
5. samucchritamahākāyaḥ dvitīyaḥ iva
parvataḥ tāmrekṣaṇaḥ tīkṣṇadaṃṣṭraḥ
bhṛkuṭīkṛtalocanaḥ dīrghalāṅgūlam
āvidhya diśaḥ vyāpya sthitaḥ kapiḥ
5. The monkey (kapi), with an immensely elevated body resembling a second mountain, coppery eyes, sharp fangs, and eyes furrowed in a frown, stood filling the directions, having twirled his long tail.
तद्रूपं महदालक्ष्य भ्रातुः कौरवनन्दनः ।
विसिस्मिये तदा भीमो जहृषे च पुनः पुनः ॥६॥
6. tadrūpaṁ mahadālakṣya bhrātuḥ kauravanandanaḥ ,
visismiye tadā bhīmo jahṛṣe ca punaḥ punaḥ.
6. tat rūpam mahat ālakṣya bhrātuḥ kauravanandanaḥ
visismiye tadā bhīmaḥ jahṛṣe ca punaḥ punaḥ
6. Then, the delight of the Kurus (Kauravanandana), Bhima, having perceived that enormous form of his brother, was astonished and rejoiced repeatedly.
तमर्कमिव तेजोभिः सौवर्णमिव पर्वतम् ।
प्रदीप्तमिव चाकाशं दृष्ट्वा भीमो न्यमीलयत् ॥७॥
7. tamarkamiva tejobhiḥ sauvarṇamiva parvatam ,
pradīptamiva cākāśaṁ dṛṣṭvā bhīmo nyamīlayat.
7. tam arkam iva tejobhiḥ sauvarṇam iva parvatam
pradīptam iva ca ākāśam dṛṣṭvā bhīmaḥ nyamīlayat
7. Having seen that form, which blazed with splendor like the sun, resembled a golden mountain, and appeared like a flaming sky, Bhima closed his eyes.
आबभाषे च हनुमान्भीमसेनं स्मयन्निव ।
एतावदिह शक्तस्त्वं रूपं द्रष्टुं ममानघ ॥८॥
8. ābabhāṣe ca hanumānbhīmasenaṁ smayanniva ,
etāvadiha śaktastvaṁ rūpaṁ draṣṭuṁ mamānagha.
8. ābabhāṣe ca hanumān bhīmasenam smayan iva etāvat
iha śaktaḥ tvam rūpam draṣṭum mama anagha
8. And Hanuman, as if smiling, said to Bhimasena: 'O sinless one (anagha), you are only capable of seeing this much of my form here.'
वर्धेऽहं चाप्यतो भूयो यावन्मे मनसेप्सितम् ।
भीम शत्रुषु चात्यर्थं वर्धते मूर्तिरोजसा ॥९॥
9. vardhe'haṁ cāpyato bhūyo yāvanme manasepsitam ,
bhīma śatruṣu cātyarthaṁ vardhate mūrtirojasā.
9. vardhe aham ca api ataḥ bhūyaḥ yāvat me manasā īpsitam
bhīma śatruṣu ca atyartham vardhate mūrtiḥ ojasā
9. I will grow further from this (situation), as much as my mind desires. And, O Bhīma, my physical form (mūrti) will greatly expand with vigor among the enemies.
तदद्भुतं महारौद्रं विन्ध्यमन्दरसंनिभम् ।
दृष्ट्वा हनूमतो वर्ष्म संभ्रान्तः पवनात्मजः ॥१०॥
10. tadadbhutaṁ mahāraudraṁ vindhyamandarasaṁnibham ,
dṛṣṭvā hanūmato varṣma saṁbhrāntaḥ pavanātmajaḥ.
10. tat adbhutam mahāraudram vindhyamandarasaṃnibham
dṛṣṭvā hanūmataḥ varṣma saṃbhrāntaḥ pavanātmajaḥ
10. Having seen that wonderful, greatly dreadful form (varṣma) of Hanūmān, which resembled the Vindhya and Mandara mountains, the son of the wind (pavanātmaja), Bhīma, became bewildered.
प्रत्युवाच ततो भीमः संप्रहृष्टतनूरुहः ।
कृताञ्जलिरदीनात्मा हनूमन्तमवस्थितम् ॥११॥
11. pratyuvāca tato bhīmaḥ saṁprahṛṣṭatanūruhaḥ ,
kṛtāñjaliradīnātmā hanūmantamavasthitam.
11. prati uvāca tataḥ bhīmaḥ saṃpraḥṛṣṭatanūruhaḥ
kṛtāñjaliḥ adīnātmā hanūmantam avasthitam
11. Then Bhīma replied to Hanūmān, who stood before him, his body-hair bristling with joy (saṃpraḥṛṣṭatanūruhaḥ), with folded hands (kṛtāñjaliḥ), and noble in spirit (adīnātmā).
दृष्टं प्रमाणं विपुलं शरीरस्यास्य ते विभो ।
संहरस्व महावीर्य स्वयमात्मानमात्मना ॥१२॥
12. dṛṣṭaṁ pramāṇaṁ vipulaṁ śarīrasyāsya te vibho ,
saṁharasva mahāvīrya svayamātmānamātmanā.
12. dṛṣṭam pramāṇam vipulam śarīrasya asya te vibho
saṃharasva mahāvīrya svayam ātmānam ātmanā
12. O Mighty One (vibho), I have seen the vast extent (pramāṇa) of this body (śarīra) of yours. O Great Hero (mahāvīrya), retract your self (ātman) by your own power (ātmanā).
न हि शक्नोमि त्वां द्रष्टुं दिवाकरमिवोदितम् ।
अप्रमेयमनाधृष्यं मैनाकमिव पर्वतम् ॥१३॥
13. na hi śaknomi tvāṁ draṣṭuṁ divākaramivoditam ,
aprameyamanādhṛṣyaṁ mainākamiva parvatam.
13. na hi śaknomi tvām draṣṭum divākaram iva uditam
| aprameyam anādhṛṣyam mainākam iva parvatam
13. Indeed, I am not able to see you, just as one cannot look directly at the rising sun. You are immeasurable and invincible, like Mount Mainaka.
विस्मयश्चैव मे वीर सुमहान्मनसोऽद्य वै ।
यद्रामस्त्वयि पार्श्वस्थे स्वयं रावणमभ्यगात् ॥१४॥
14. vismayaścaiva me vīra sumahānmanaso'dya vai ,
yadrāmastvayi pārśvasthe svayaṁ rāvaṇamabhyagāt.
14. vismayaḥ ca eva me vīra sumahat manasaḥ adya vai |
yat rāmaḥ tvayi pārśvasthe svayam rāvaṇam abhyagāt
14. O hero, a great astonishment (vismaya) has indeed arisen in my mind today, because Rama himself confronted Ravana while you were standing by his side.
त्वमेव शक्तस्तां लङ्कां सयोधां सहवाहनाम् ।
स्वबाहुबलमाश्रित्य विनाशयितुमोजसा ॥१५॥
15. tvameva śaktastāṁ laṅkāṁ sayodhāṁ sahavāhanām ,
svabāhubalamāśritya vināśayitumojasā.
15. tvam eva śaktaḥ tām laṅkām sayodhām sahavāhanām
| svabāhubalam āśritya vināśayitum ojasā
15. You alone are capable of destroying that Lanka, along with its warriors and chariots, relying on the strength of your own arms and with your might.
न हि ते किंचिदप्राप्यं मारुतात्मज विद्यते ।
तव नैकस्य पर्याप्तो रावणः सगणो युधि ॥१६॥
16. na hi te kiṁcidaprāpyaṁ mārutātmaja vidyate ,
tava naikasya paryāpto rāvaṇaḥ sagaṇo yudhi.
16. na hi te kiñcit aprāpyam mārutātmaja vidyate |
tava na ekasya paryāptaḥ rāvaṇaḥ sagaṇaḥ yudhi
16. O son of Maruta, indeed nothing is unattainable for you. Ravana, along with his retinue, is certainly not enough for you alone in battle.
एवमुक्तस्तु भीमेन हनूमान्प्लवगर्षभः ।
प्रत्युवाच ततो वाक्यं स्निग्धगम्भीरया गिरा ॥१७॥
17. evamuktastu bhīmena hanūmānplavagarṣabhaḥ ,
pratyuvāca tato vākyaṁ snigdhagambhīrayā girā.
17. evam uktaḥ tu bhīmena hanūmān plavagārṣabhaḥ
prati uvāca tataḥ vākyam snigdhagambhīrayā girā
17. Hanuman, the best among monkeys, thus addressed by Bhima, then replied with a gentle and profound voice.
एवमेतन्महाबाहो यथा वदसि भारत ।
भीमसेन न पर्याप्तो ममासौ राक्षसाधमः ॥१८॥
18. evametanmahābāho yathā vadasi bhārata ,
bhīmasena na paryāpto mamāsau rākṣasādhamaḥ.
18. evam etat mahābāho yathā vadasi bhārata
bhīmasena na paryāptaḥ mama asau rākṣasādhamaḥ
18. O mighty-armed one, O Bhārata, what you say is exactly true. But this vile rākṣasa is not a sufficient opponent for me.
मया तु तस्मिन्निहते रावणे लोककण्टके ।
कीर्तिर्नश्येद्राघवस्य तत एतदुपेक्षितम् ॥१९॥
19. mayā tu tasminnihate rāvaṇe lokakaṇṭake ,
kīrtirnaśyedrāghavasya tata etadupekṣitam.
19. mayā tu tasmin nihate rāvaṇe lokakaṇṭake
kīrtiḥ naśyet rāghavasya tataḥ etat upekṣitam
19. But if that Rāvaṇa, who is a thorn to the world, were killed by me, then Rāghava's fame would be destroyed. Therefore, I overlooked this (killing him myself).
तेन वीरेण हत्वा तु सगणं राक्षसाधिपम् ।
आनीता स्वपुरं सीता लोके कीर्तिश्च स्थापिता ॥२०॥
20. tena vīreṇa hatvā tu sagaṇaṁ rākṣasādhipam ,
ānītā svapuraṁ sītā loke kīrtiśca sthāpitā.
20. tena vīreṇa hatvā tu sagaṇam rākṣasādhipam
ānītā svapuram sītā loke kīrtiḥ ca sthāpitā
20. But that hero (Rāma), having killed the lord of rākṣasas along with his retinue, brought Sītā back to his own city, and thus established his fame in the world.
तद्गच्छ विपुलप्रज्ञ भ्रातुः प्रियहिते रतः ।
अरिष्टं क्षेममध्वानं वायुना परिरक्षितः ॥२१॥
21. tadgaccha vipulaprajña bhrātuḥ priyahite rataḥ ,
ariṣṭaṁ kṣemamadhvānaṁ vāyunā parirakṣitaḥ.
21. tat gaccha vipulaprajña bhrātuḥ priyahite rataḥ
ariṣṭam kṣemam adhvānam vāyunā parirakṣitaḥ
21. Therefore, O greatly wise one, devoted to your brother's well-being, go forth on a safe and unimpeded path, well-protected by the wind god.
एष पन्थाः कुरुश्रेष्ठ सौगन्धिकवनाय ते ।
द्रक्ष्यसे धनदोद्यानं रक्षितं यक्षराक्षसैः ॥२२॥
22. eṣa panthāḥ kuruśreṣṭha saugandhikavanāya te ,
drakṣyase dhanadodyānaṁ rakṣitaṁ yakṣarākṣasaiḥ.
22. eṣaḥ panthāḥ kuruśreṣṭha saugandhikavanāya te
drakṣyase dhanada udyānam rakṣitam yakṣarākṣasaiḥ
22. O best among the Kurus, this is the path for you leading to the Saugandhika forest. You will behold the garden of Kubera, which is guarded by yakṣas and rākṣasas.
न च ते तरसा कार्यः कुसुमावचयः स्वयम् ।
दैवतानि हि मान्यानि पुरुषेण विशेषतः ॥२३॥
23. na ca te tarasā kāryaḥ kusumāvacayaḥ svayam ,
daivatāni hi mānyāni puruṣeṇa viśeṣataḥ.
23. na ca te tarasā kāryaḥ kusumāvacayaḥ svayam
daivatāni hi mānyāni puruṣeṇa viśeṣataḥ
23. And the gathering of flowers should not be done by you personally with force. For, deities must indeed be honored, especially by a person (puruṣa).
बलिहोमनमस्कारैर्मन्त्रैश्च भरतर्षभ ।
दैवतानि प्रसादं हि भक्त्या कुर्वन्ति भारत ॥२४॥
24. balihomanamaskārairmantraiśca bharatarṣabha ,
daivatāni prasādaṁ hi bhaktyā kurvanti bhārata.
24. balihomanamaskāraiḥ mantraiḥ ca bharatarṣabha
daivatāni prasādam hi bhaktyā kurvanti bhārata
24. And, O best of Bharatas, O Bhārata, deities indeed grant favor through devotion (bhakti), and through offerings, oblations, salutations, and mantras.
मा तात साहसं कार्षीः स्वधर्ममनुपालय ।
स्वधर्मस्थः परं धर्मं बुध्यस्वागमयस्व च ॥२५॥
25. mā tāta sāhasaṁ kārṣīḥ svadharmamanupālaya ,
svadharmasthaḥ paraṁ dharmaṁ budhyasvāgamayasva ca.
25. mā tāta sāhasam kārṣīḥ svadharmam anupālaya
svadharmasthaḥ param dharmam budhyasva āgamayasva ca
25. Dear one, do not act rashly. Uphold your own intrinsic nature (dharma). By being established in your own intrinsic nature (dharma), understand and attain the supreme intrinsic nature (dharma).
न हि धर्ममविज्ञाय वृद्धाननुपसेव्य च ।
धर्मो वै वेदितुं शक्यो बृहस्पतिसमैरपि ॥२६॥
26. na hi dharmamavijñāya vṛddhānanupasevya ca ,
dharmo vai vedituṁ śakyo bṛhaspatisamairapi.
26. na hi dharmam avijñāya vṛddhān anupasevya ca
dharmaḥ vai veditum śakyaḥ bṛhaspatisamaiḥ api
26. Indeed, the constitution (dharma) cannot be understood without comprehending its principles and without respectfully serving the elders, not even by those who are equal to Brihaspati (the preceptor of the gods).
अधर्मो यत्र धर्माख्यो धर्मश्चाधर्मसंज्ञितः ।
विज्ञातव्यो विभागेन यत्र मुह्यन्त्यबुद्धयः ॥२७॥
27. adharmo yatra dharmākhyo dharmaścādharmasaṁjñitaḥ ,
vijñātavyo vibhāgena yatra muhyantyabuddhayaḥ.
27. adharmaḥ yatra dharmaākhyaḥ dharmaḥ ca adharmasaṃjñitaḥ
vijñātavyaḥ vibhāgena yatra muhyanti abuddhayaḥ
27. Where that which is not natural law (adharma) is called natural law (dharma), and natural law (dharma) is designated as not natural law (adharma) — this situation must be properly distinguished, for it is there that the unintelligent become bewildered.
आचारसंभवो धर्मो धर्माद्वेदाः समुत्थिताः ।
वेदैर्यज्ञाः समुत्पन्ना यज्ञैर्देवाः प्रतिष्ठिताः ॥२८॥
28. ācārasaṁbhavo dharmo dharmādvedāḥ samutthitāḥ ,
vedairyajñāḥ samutpannā yajñairdevāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ.
28. ācārasambhavaḥ dharmaḥ dharmāt vedāḥ samutthitāḥ
vedaiḥ yajñāḥ samutpannāḥ yajñaiḥ devāḥ pratiṣṭhitāḥ
28. Natural law (dharma) arises from proper conduct. From natural law (dharma), the Vedas originated. Through the Vedas, sacred rites (yajña) are performed, and by these sacred rites (yajña), the gods are established.
वेदाचारविधानोक्तैर्यज्ञैर्धार्यन्ति देवताः ।
बृहस्पत्युशनोक्तैश्च नयैर्धार्यन्ति मानवाः ॥२९॥
29. vedācāravidhānoktairyajñairdhāryanti devatāḥ ,
bṛhaspatyuśanoktaiśca nayairdhāryanti mānavāḥ.
29. vedācāravidhānoktaiḥ yajñaiḥ dhāryanti devatāḥ
bṛhaspatyuśanoktaiḥ ca nayaiḥ dhāryanti mānavāḥ
29. The gods are sustained by the sacrifices (yajñas) prescribed in the rules and injunctions of Vedic conduct. Human beings, on the other hand, are maintained by the principles of statecraft taught by Bṛhaspati and Uśanas.
पण्याकरवणिज्याभिः कृष्याथो योनिपोषणैः ।
वार्तया धार्यते सर्वं धर्मैरेतैर्द्विजातिभिः ॥३०॥
30. paṇyākaravaṇijyābhiḥ kṛṣyātho yonipoṣaṇaiḥ ,
vārtayā dhāryate sarvaṁ dharmairetairdvijātibhiḥ.
30. paṇyākaravaṇijyābhiḥ kṛṣyā atho yonipoṣaṇaiḥ
vārtayā dhāryate sarvam dharmaiḥ etaiḥ dvijātibhiḥ
30. Everything is sustained by economic activities (vārtā) like trade of goods from markets, agriculture, and supporting various livelihoods. These are among the duties (dharma) performed by the twice-born (dvijāti).
त्रयी वार्ता दण्डनीतिस्तिस्रो विद्या विजानताम् ।
ताभिः सम्यक्प्रयुक्ताभिर्लोकयात्रा विधीयते ॥३१॥
31. trayī vārtā daṇḍanītistisro vidyā vijānatām ,
tābhiḥ samyakprayuktābhirlokayātrā vidhīyate.
31. trayī vārtā daṇḍanītiḥ tisraḥ vidyāḥ vijānatām
tābhiḥ samyakprayuktābhiḥ lokayātrā vidhīyate
31. For the wise, there are three branches of knowledge (vidyā): Vedic lore (trayī), economics (vārtā), and the science of governance (daṇḍanīti). When these are properly applied, the affairs of the world are well-managed.
सा चेद्धर्मक्रिया न स्यात्त्रयीधर्ममृते भुवि ।
दण्डनीतिमृते चापि निर्मर्यादमिदं भवेत् ॥३२॥
32. sā ceddharmakriyā na syāttrayīdharmamṛte bhuvi ,
daṇḍanītimṛte cāpi nirmaryādamidaṁ bhavet.
32. sā cet dharmakriyā na syāt trayīdharmaṃ ṛte bhuvi
daṇḍanītim ṛte ca api nirmaryādam idam bhavet
32. If that proper functioning (dharmakriyā) were not to exist on earth—meaning, if it were without the natural law (dharma) taught by the triple Veda, and also without the science of governance (daṇḍanīti)—then this world would become unrestrained and devoid of order.
वार्ताधर्मे ह्यवर्तन्त्यो विनश्येयुरिमाः प्रजाः ।
सुप्रवृत्तैस्त्रिभिर्ह्येतैर्धर्मैः सूयन्ति वै प्रजाः ॥३३॥
33. vārtādharme hyavartantyo vinaśyeyurimāḥ prajāḥ ,
supravṛttaistribhirhyetairdharmaiḥ sūyanti vai prajāḥ.
33. vārtādharme hi avartantyaḥ vinaśyeyuḥ imāḥ prajāḥ
su-pravṛttaiḥ tribhiḥ hi etaiḥ dharmaiḥ sūyanti vai prajāḥ
33. Without the natural law (dharma) governing economic activity, these people would certainly perish. Indeed, it is through these three well-established natural laws (dharmas) that people (prajā) flourish.
द्विजानाममृतं धर्मो ह्येकश्चैवैकवर्णिकः ।
यज्ञाध्ययनदानानि त्रयः साधारणाः स्मृताः ॥३४॥
34. dvijānāmamṛtaṁ dharmo hyekaścaivaikavarṇikaḥ ,
yajñādhyayanadānāni trayaḥ sādhāraṇāḥ smṛtāḥ.
34. dvijānām amṛtam dharmaḥ hi ekaḥ ca eva eka-varṇikaḥ
yajña-adhyayana-dānāni trayaḥ sādhāraṇāḥ smṛtāḥ
34. For the twice-born (dvija), the constitution (dharma) is eternal (amṛta), and indeed, a distinct constitution (dharma) is associated with each social class (varṇa). Performing ritual Vedic rituals (yajña), studying the scriptures, and giving (dāna) are remembered (smṛta) as the three common (dharmas).
याजनाध्यापने चोभे ब्राह्मणानां प्रतिग्रहः ।
पालनं क्षत्रियाणां वै वैश्यधर्मश्च पोषणम् ॥३५॥
35. yājanādhyāpane cobhe brāhmaṇānāṁ pratigrahaḥ ,
pālanaṁ kṣatriyāṇāṁ vai vaiśyadharmaśca poṣaṇam.
35. yājana-adhyāpane ca ubhe brāhmaṇānām pratigrahaḥ
pālanaṃ kṣatriyāṇām vai vaiśya-dharmaḥ ca poṣaṇam
35. Both officiating at ritual sacrifices (yājana) and teaching (adhyāpana), along with receiving gifts (pratigraha), are the duties of Brahmins. The protection of the realm is for Kṣatriyas, and for Vaiśyas, their intrinsic nature (dharma) is the fostering of economic activity (poṣaṇa).
शुश्रूषा तु द्विजातीनां शूद्राणां धर्म उच्यते ।
भैक्षहोमव्रतैर्हीनास्तथैव गुरुवासिनाम् ॥३६॥
36. śuśrūṣā tu dvijātīnāṁ śūdrāṇāṁ dharma ucyate ,
bhaikṣahomavratairhīnāstathaiva guruvāsinām.
36. śuśrūṣā tu dvijātīnām śūdrāṇām dharmaḥ ucyate
bhaikṣa-homa-vrataiḥ hīnāḥ tathā eva guru-vāsinām
36. Service (śuśrūṣā) to the twice-born (dvijāti) is indeed declared to be the constitution (dharma) for Śūdras. This is also the case for those who are excluded from the practices of alms-gathering (bhaikṣa), fire offerings (homa), and vows (vrata); similarly, it applies to the constitution of students residing with their teacher (guruvāsin).
क्षत्रधर्मोऽत्र कौन्तेय तव धर्माभिरक्षणम् ।
स्वधर्मं प्रतिपद्यस्व विनीतो नियतेन्द्रियः ॥३७॥
37. kṣatradharmo'tra kaunteya tava dharmābhirakṣaṇam ,
svadharmaṁ pratipadyasva vinīto niyatendriyaḥ.
37. kṣatradharmaḥ atra kaunteya tava dharmābhirakṣaṇam
svadharmam pratipadyasva vinītaḥ niyatendriyaḥ
37. O son of Kunti, your intrinsic nature (dharma) as a kṣatriya here is the protection of natural law (dharma). Therefore, engage in your own intrinsic nature (svadharma), being disciplined and self-controlled.
वृद्धैः संमन्त्र्य सद्भिश्च बुद्धिमद्भिः श्रुतान्वितैः ।
सुस्थितः शास्ति दण्डेन व्यसनी परिभूयते ॥३८॥
38. vṛddhaiḥ saṁmantrya sadbhiśca buddhimadbhiḥ śrutānvitaiḥ ,
susthitaḥ śāsti daṇḍena vyasanī paribhūyate.
38. vṛddhaiḥ sammantrya sadbhiḥ ca buddhimadbhiḥ
śrutānvitaiḥ susthitaḥ śāsti daṇḍena vyasanī paribhūyate
38. Having consulted thoroughly with elders, with righteous people, with the intelligent, and with those possessing scriptural knowledge, a well-established ruler governs with proper authority. One who is addicted to vices, however, is overpowered.
निग्रहानुग्रहैः सम्यग्यदा राजा प्रवर्तते ।
तदा भवति लोकस्य मर्यादा सुव्यवस्थिता ॥३९॥
39. nigrahānugrahaiḥ samyagyadā rājā pravartate ,
tadā bhavati lokasya maryādā suvyavasthitā.
39. nigrahānugrahaiḥ samyak yadā rājā pravartate
tadā bhavati lokasya maryādā suvyavasthitā
39. When the king acts properly with both punishment and favor, then the social order (maryādā) of the people becomes well-established.
तस्माद्देशे च दुर्गे च शत्रुमित्रबलेषु च ।
नित्यं चारेण बोद्धव्यं स्थानं वृद्धिः क्षयस्तथा ॥४०॥
40. tasmāddeśe ca durge ca śatrumitrabaleṣu ca ,
nityaṁ cāreṇa boddhavyaṁ sthānaṁ vṛddhiḥ kṣayastathā.
40. tasmāt deśe ca durge ca śatrumitrabaleṣu ca nityam
cāreṇa boddhavyam sthānam vṛddhiḥ kṣayaḥ tathā
40. Therefore, in one's own country, in forts, and regarding the forces of both enemies and allies, one must constantly ascertain through spies the current state, growth, and decline.
राज्ञामुपायाश्चत्वारो बुद्धिमन्त्रः पराक्रमः ।
निग्रहानुग्रहौ चैव दाक्ष्यं तत्कार्यसाधनम् ॥४१॥
41. rājñāmupāyāścatvāro buddhimantraḥ parākramaḥ ,
nigrahānugrahau caiva dākṣyaṁ tatkāryasādhanam.
41. rāñjñām upāyāḥ catvāraḥ buddhimantraḥ parākramaḥ
nigrahānugrahau ca eva dākṣyaṃ tatkāryasādhanam
41. Kings have four means: intelligent deliberation, valor, the ability to control and show favor, and competence in accomplishing their objectives.
साम्ना दानेन भेदेन दण्डेनोपेक्षणेन च ।
साधनीयानि कार्याणि समासव्यासयोगतः ॥४२॥
42. sāmnā dānena bhedena daṇḍenopekṣaṇena ca ,
sādhanīyāni kāryāṇi samāsavyāsayogataḥ.
42. sāmnā dānena bhedena daṇḍena upekṣaṇena
ca sādhanīyāni kāryāṇi samāsavyāsayogataḥ
42. Tasks should be accomplished by means of conciliation, gifts, sowing discord, punishment, and also by indifference, applying these methods either comprehensively or selectively.
मन्त्रमूला नयाः सर्वे चाराश्च भरतर्षभ ।
सुमन्त्रितैर्नयैः सिद्धिस्तद्विदैः सह मन्त्रयेत् ॥४३॥
43. mantramūlā nayāḥ sarve cārāśca bharatarṣabha ,
sumantritairnayaiḥ siddhistadvidaiḥ saha mantrayet.
43. mantramūlāḥ nayāḥ sarve cārāḥ ca bharatarṣabha
sumantritaiḥ nayaiḥ siddhiḥ tadvidaiḥ saha mantrayet
43. O best of Bharatas, all policies and also spies have their foundation in deliberation (mantra). Success is achieved through well-deliberated policies (naya), therefore, one should consult with those who are experts in this field.
स्त्रिया मूढेन लुब्धेन बालेन लघुना तथा ।
न मन्त्रयेत गुह्यानि येषु चोन्मादलक्षणम् ॥४४॥
44. striyā mūḍhena lubdhena bālena laghunā tathā ,
na mantrayeta guhyāni yeṣu conmādalakṣaṇam.
44. striyā mūḍhena lubdhena bālena laghunā tathā
na mantrayeta guhyāni yeṣu ca unmādalakṣaṇam
44. One should not discuss confidential matters (guhya) with a woman, a fool, a greedy person, a child, a fickle person, or with those who show signs of mental instability.
मन्त्रयेत्सह विद्वद्भिः शक्तैः कर्माणि कारयेत् ।
स्निग्धैश्च नीतिविन्यासान्मूर्खान्सर्वत्र वर्जयेत् ॥४५॥
45. mantrayetsaha vidvadbhiḥ śaktaiḥ karmāṇi kārayet ,
snigdhaiśca nītivinyāsānmūrkhānsarvatra varjayet.
45. mantrayet saha vidvadbhiḥ śaktaiḥ karmāṇi kārayet
snigdhaiḥ ca nītivinyāsān mūrkhan sarvatra varjayet
45. One should consult with learned individuals. One should have tasks performed by capable persons, and for matters of policy (nīti) arrangements, one should employ trusted persons. One should always avoid ignorant persons.
धार्मिकान्धर्मकार्येषु अर्थकार्येषु पण्डितान् ।
स्त्रीषु क्लीबान्नियुञ्जीत क्रूरान्क्रूरेषु कर्मसु ॥४६॥
46. dhārmikāndharmakāryeṣu arthakāryeṣu paṇḍitān ,
strīṣu klībānniyuñjīta krūrānkrūreṣu karmasu.
46. dhārmikān dharmakāryeṣu arthakāryeṣu paṇḍitān
strīṣu klībān niyuñjīta krūrān krūreṣu karmasu
46. One should appoint righteous persons for tasks related to natural law (dharma) and wise persons for financial matters. For affairs concerning women, one should employ eunuchs, and for cruel tasks (karma), cruel individuals.
स्वेभ्यश्चैव परेभ्यश्च कार्याकार्यसमुद्भवा ।
बुद्धिः कर्मसु विज्ञेया रिपूणां च बलाबलम् ॥४७॥
47. svebhyaścaiva parebhyaśca kāryākāryasamudbhavā ,
buddhiḥ karmasu vijñeyā ripūṇāṁ ca balābalam.
47. svebhyaḥ ca eva parebhyaḥ ca kāryākāryasamudbhavā
buddhiḥ karmasu vijñeyā ripūṇām ca balābalam
47. One should ascertain the wisdom (buddhi) concerning right and wrong actions (karma), which arises from both one's own people and from others. One should also understand the strengths and weaknesses of enemies.
बुद्ध्या सुप्रतिपन्नेषु कुर्यात्साधुपरिग्रहम् ।
निग्रहं चाप्यशिष्टेषु निर्मर्यादेषु कारयेत् ॥४८॥
48. buddhyā supratipanneṣu kuryātsādhuparigraham ,
nigrahaṁ cāpyaśiṣṭeṣu nirmaryādeṣu kārayet.
48. buddhyā supratipanneṣu kuryāt sādhuparigraham
nigraham ca api aśiṣṭeṣu nirmaryādeṣu kārayet
48. With discernment (buddhi), one should favor well-behaved individuals, and also inflict punishment upon the ill-behaved and those who disregard proper boundaries.
निग्रहे प्रग्रहे सम्यग्यदा राजा प्रवर्तते ।
तदा भवति लोकस्य मर्यादा सुव्यवस्थिता ॥४९॥
49. nigrahe pragrahe samyagyadā rājā pravartate ,
tadā bhavati lokasya maryādā suvyavasthitā.
49. nigrahe pragrahe samyak yadā rājā pravartate
tadā bhavati lokasya maryādā suvyavasthitā
49. When a ruler properly exercises both restraint and promotion, then the natural law (maryādā) governing society becomes well-established.
एष ते विहितः पार्थ घोरो धर्मो दुरन्वयः ।
तं स्वधर्मविभागेन विनयस्थोऽनुपालय ॥५०॥
50. eṣa te vihitaḥ pārtha ghoro dharmo duranvayaḥ ,
taṁ svadharmavibhāgena vinayastho'nupālaya.
50. eṣa te vihitaḥ pārtha ghoraḥ dharmaḥ duranvayaḥ
tam svadharmavibhāgena vinayasthaḥ anupālaya
50. O Pārtha, this formidable and difficult to follow natural law (dharma) has been enjoined upon you. Therefore, remaining in humility, uphold it through the specific performance of your own natural law (svadharma).
तपोधर्मदमेज्याभिर्विप्रा यान्ति यथा दिवम् ।
दानातिथ्यक्रियाधर्मैर्यान्ति वैश्याश्च सद्गतिम् ॥५१॥
51. tapodharmadamejyābhirviprā yānti yathā divam ,
dānātithyakriyādharmairyānti vaiśyāśca sadgatim.
51. tapodhamejyābhiḥ viprāḥ yānti yathā divam
dānātithyakriyādharmaiḥ yānti vaiśyāḥ ca sadgatim
51. Just as Brahmins attain heaven through austerity (tapas), their natural law (dharma), self-control, and sacrifices, so too do Vaishyas attain an auspicious state through acts of giving (dāna), hospitality, and the natural law (dharma) of their vocational activities.
क्षत्रं याति तथा स्वर्गं भुवि निग्रहपालनैः ।
सम्यक्प्रणीय दण्डं हि कामद्वेषविवर्जिताः ।
अलुब्धा विगतक्रोधाः सतां यान्ति सलोकताम् ॥५२॥
52. kṣatraṁ yāti tathā svargaṁ bhuvi nigrahapālanaiḥ ,
samyakpraṇīya daṇḍaṁ hi kāmadveṣavivarjitāḥ ,
alubdhā vigatakrodhāḥ satāṁ yānti salokatām.
52. kṣatraṃ yāti tathā svargaṃ bhuvi
nigrahapālanaiḥ samyak praṇīya daṇḍam
hi kāmadveṣavivarjitāḥ alubdhāḥ
vigatakrodhāḥ satāṃ yānti salokatām
52. Similarly, the warrior class (kṣatram) attains heaven by exercising both restraint and protection on earth. Indeed, those who administer justice properly, free from desire and hatred, not greedy, and devoid of anger, attain companionship in the same realm as the virtuous.