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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-100

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भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
प्रतर्दनो मैथिलश्च संग्रामं यत्र चक्रतुः ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
pratardano maithilaśca saṁgrāmaṁ yatra cakratuḥ.
1. bhīṣma uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsaṃ purātanam
pratardanaḥ maithilaḥ ca saṃgrāmaṃ yatra cakratuḥ
1. bhīṣma uvāca atra api imam purātanam itihāsaṃ udāharanti
yatra pratardanaḥ maithilaḥ ca saṃgrāmaṃ cakratuḥ
1. Bhishma said: "Regarding this, they also cite this ancient historical account (itihāsa), in which Prataradana and the King of Mithila (Maithila) fought a battle."
यज्ञोपवीती संग्रामे जनको मैथिलो यथा ।
योधानुद्धर्षयामास तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥
2. yajñopavītī saṁgrāme janako maithilo yathā ,
yodhānuddharṣayāmāsa tannibodha yudhiṣṭhira.
2. yajñopavītī saṃgrāme janakaḥ maithilaḥ yathā
yodhān ud-dharṣayām āsa tat nibodha yudhiṣṭhira
2. yudhiṣṭhira yathā yajñopavītī janakaḥ maithilaḥ
saṃgrāme yodhān ud-dharṣayām āsa tat nibodha
2. Just as Janaka, the King of Mithila (Maithila), wearing his sacred thread (yajñopavīta), inspired his warriors in battle, so too, Yudhishthira, you should understand this.
जनको मैथिलो राजा महात्मा सर्वतत्त्ववित् ।
योधान्स्वान्दर्शयामास स्वर्गं नरकमेव च ॥३॥
3. janako maithilo rājā mahātmā sarvatattvavit ,
yodhānsvāndarśayāmāsa svargaṁ narakameva ca.
3. janakaḥ maithilaḥ rājā mahātmā sarvatattvavit
yodhān svān darśayāmāsa svargaṃ narakaṃ eva ca
3. maithilaḥ rājā mahātmā sarvatattvavit janakaḥ
svān yodhān svargaṃ narakaṃ ca eva darśayāmāsa
3. King Janaka of Mithila, a great soul (mahātmā) and knower of all truths, showed his own warriors both heaven and hell (naraka).
अभीतानामिमे लोका भास्वन्तो हन्त पश्यत ।
पूर्णा गन्धर्वकन्याभिः सर्वकामदुहोऽक्षयाः ॥४॥
4. abhītānāmime lokā bhāsvanto hanta paśyata ,
pūrṇā gandharvakanyābhiḥ sarvakāmaduho'kṣayāḥ.
4. abhītānām ime lokāḥ bhāsvantaḥ hanta paśyata
pūrṇāḥ gandharvakanyābhiḥ sarvakāmaduhaḥ akṣayāḥ
4. hanta paśyata abhītānām ime bhāsvantaḥ
gandharvakanyābhiḥ pūrṇāḥ sarvakāmaduhaḥ akṣayāḥ lokāḥ
4. Oh, behold! These shining worlds are for the fearless. They are full of Gandharva maidens, grant all desires, and are inexhaustible.
इमे पलायमानानां नरकाः प्रत्युपस्थिताः ।
अकीर्तिः शाश्वती चैव पतितव्यमनन्तरम् ॥५॥
5. ime palāyamānānāṁ narakāḥ pratyupasthitāḥ ,
akīrtiḥ śāśvatī caiva patitavyamanantaram.
5. ime palāyamānānām narakāḥ pratyupasthitāḥ
akīrtiḥ śāśvatī ca eva patitavyam anantaram
5. palāyamānānām ime narakāḥ pratyupasthitāḥ
ca eva śāśvatī akīrtiḥ anantaram patitavyam
5. For those who flee, these hells (naraka) are imminent. And, indeed, eternal infamy (akīrti) and subsequent ruin await.
तान्दृष्ट्वारीन्विजयतो भूत्वा संत्यागबुद्धयः ।
नरकस्याप्रतिष्ठस्य मा भूत वशवर्तिनः ॥६॥
6. tāndṛṣṭvārīnvijayato bhūtvā saṁtyāgabuddhayaḥ ,
narakasyāpratiṣṭhasya mā bhūta vaśavartinaḥ.
6. tān dṛṣṭvā arīn vijayataḥ bhūtvā saṃtyāgabuddhayaḥ
narakasya apratiṣṭhasya mā bhūta vaśavartinaḥ
6. tān arīn dṛṣṭvā vijayataḥ saṃtyāgabuddhayaḥ bhūtvā
apratiṣṭhasya narakasya vaśavartinaḥ mā bhūta
6. Having seen those enemies (arīn), and having then developed the intention to abandon (saṃtyāgabuddhayaḥ) (the chance of) victory, do not become subject to this ignominious hell (naraka).
त्यागमूलं हि शूराणां स्वर्गद्वारमनुत्तमम् ।
इत्युक्तास्ते नृपतिना योधाः परपुरंजय ॥७॥
7. tyāgamūlaṁ hi śūrāṇāṁ svargadvāramanuttamam ,
ityuktāste nṛpatinā yodhāḥ parapuraṁjaya.
7. tyāgamūlam hi śūrāṇām svargadvāram anuttamam
iti uktāḥ te nṛpatinā yodhāḥ parapurajaya
7. hi śūrāṇām tyāgamūlam anuttamam svargadvāram
iti parapurajaya te yodhāḥ nṛpatinā uktāḥ
7. Indeed, for heroes, sacrifice is the foundation of the unsurpassed gate to heaven. Thus, O conquerors of enemy cities, those warriors were addressed by the king.
व्यजयन्त रणे शत्रून्हर्षयन्तो जनेश्वरम् ।
तस्मादात्मवता नित्यं स्थातव्यं रणमूर्धनि ॥८॥
8. vyajayanta raṇe śatrūnharṣayanto janeśvaram ,
tasmādātmavatā nityaṁ sthātavyaṁ raṇamūrdhani.
8. vyajayanta raṇe śatrūn harṣayantaḥ janeśvaram
tasmāt ātmavatā nityam sthātavyam raṇamūrdhani
8. śatrūn raṇe harṣayantaḥ janeśvaram vyajayanta
tasmāt ātmavatā nityam raṇamūrdhani sthātavyam
8. They defeated the enemies in battle, gladdening the lord of men. Therefore, a spirited person (one possessing ātman) should always stand at the forefront of battle.
गजानां रथिनो मध्ये रथानामनु सादिनः ।
सादिनामन्तरा स्थाप्यं पादातमिह दंशितम् ॥९॥
9. gajānāṁ rathino madhye rathānāmanu sādinaḥ ,
sādināmantarā sthāpyaṁ pādātamiha daṁśitam.
9. gajānām rathinaḥ madhye rathānām anu sādinaḥ
sādinām antarā sthāpyam pādātam iha daṃśitam
9. rathinaḥ gajānām madhye sādinaḥ rathānām anu
iha daṃśitam pādātam sādinām antarā sthāpyam
9. Chariot warriors should be positioned among the elephants; cavalrymen behind the chariots. Here, the armored infantry should be placed between the cavalrymen.
य एवं व्यूहते राजा स नित्यं जयते द्विषः ।
तस्मादेवं विधातव्यं नित्यमेव युधिष्ठिर ॥१०॥
10. ya evaṁ vyūhate rājā sa nityaṁ jayate dviṣaḥ ,
tasmādevaṁ vidhātavyaṁ nityameva yudhiṣṭhira.
10. yaḥ evam vyūhate rājā saḥ nityam jayate dviṣaḥ
tasmāt evam vidhātavyam nityam eva yudhiṣṭhira
10. yaḥ rājā evam vyūhate saḥ nityam dviṣaḥ jayate
tasmāt evam nityam eva yudhiṣṭhira vidhātavyam
10. The king who arranges (his forces) in this manner always conquers his enemies. Therefore, O Yudhiṣṭhira, this formation should always be adopted.
सर्वे सुकृतमिच्छन्तः सुयुद्धेनातिमन्यवः ।
क्षोभयेयुरनीकानि सागरं मकरा इव ॥११॥
11. sarve sukṛtamicchantaḥ suyuddhenātimanyavaḥ ,
kṣobhayeyuranīkāni sāgaraṁ makarā iva.
11. sarve sukṛtam icchantaḥ suyuddhena atimanyavaḥ
kṣobhayeyuḥ anīkāni sāgaram makarāḥ iva
11. All who desire a favorable outcome and are intensely wrathful from excellent fighting should agitate the armies, just as sea-monsters agitate the ocean.
हर्षयेयुर्विषण्णांश्च व्यवस्थाप्य परस्परम् ।
जितां च भूमिं रक्षेत भग्नान्नात्यनुसारयेत् ॥१२॥
12. harṣayeyurviṣaṇṇāṁśca vyavasthāpya parasparam ,
jitāṁ ca bhūmiṁ rakṣeta bhagnānnātyanusārayet.
12. harṣayeyuḥ viṣaṇṇān ca vyavasthāpya parasparam
jitām ca bhūmim rakṣeta bhagnān na ati anusārayet
12. One should encourage the dejected and, having mutually reinforced morale, protect the conquered territory. One should not pursue the routed too far.
पुनरावर्तमानानां निराशानां च जीविते ।
न वेगः सुसहो राजंस्तस्मान्नात्यनुसारयेत् ॥१३॥
13. punarāvartamānānāṁ nirāśānāṁ ca jīvite ,
na vegaḥ susaho rājaṁstasmānnātyanusārayet.
13. punar āvartamānānām nirāśānām ca jīvite na
vegaḥ susahaḥ rājan tasmāt na ati anusārayet
13. O king, the charge of those who are turning back and have lost hope for their lives is not easily withstood. Therefore, one should not pursue them too far.
न हि प्रहर्तुमिच्छन्ति शूराः प्राद्रवतां भयात् ।
तस्मात्पलायमानानां कुर्यान्नात्यनुसारणम् ॥१४॥
14. na hi prahartumicchanti śūrāḥ prādravatāṁ bhayāt ,
tasmātpalāyamānānāṁ kuryānnātyanusāraṇam.
14. na hi prahartum icchanti śūrāḥ prādravatām bhayāt
tasmāt palāyamānānām kuryāt na ati anusāraṇam
14. Indeed, brave warriors do not wish to strike those who are fleeing in fear. Therefore, one should not engage in excessive pursuit of those who are running away.
चराणामचरा ह्यन्नमदंष्ट्रा दंष्ट्रिणामपि ।
अपाणयः पाणिमतामन्नं शूरस्य कातराः ॥१५॥
15. carāṇāmacarā hyannamadaṁṣṭrā daṁṣṭriṇāmapi ,
apāṇayaḥ pāṇimatāmannaṁ śūrasya kātarāḥ.
15. carāṇām acarāḥ hi annam adaṃṣṭrāḥ daṃṣṭriṇām
api apāṇayaḥ pāṇimatām annam śūrasya kātarāḥ
15. hi acarāḥ annam carāṇām api adaṃṣṭrāḥ daṃṣṭriṇām
apāṇayaḥ annam pāṇimatām kātarāḥ śūrasya
15. Indeed, the unmoving (plants) are food for moving creatures. Similarly, those without fangs are food even for those with fangs, and those without hands are food for those with hands. In the same way, cowards are food for the brave.
समानपृष्ठोदरपाणिपादाः पश्चाच्छूरं भीरवोऽनुव्रजन्ति ।
अतो भयार्ताः प्रणिपत्य भूयः कृत्वाञ्जलीनुपतिष्ठन्ति शूरान् ॥१६॥
16. samānapṛṣṭhodarapāṇipādāḥ; paścācchūraṁ bhīravo'nuvrajanti ,
ato bhayārtāḥ praṇipatya bhūyaḥ; kṛtvāñjalīnupatiṣṭhanti śūrān.
16. samānapṛṣṭhodarapāṇipādāḥ paścāt
śūram bhīravaḥ anuvrajanti ataḥ
bhayārtāḥ praṇipatya bhūyaḥ
kṛtvā añjalīn upatiṣṭhanti śūrān
16. bhīravaḥ samānapṛṣṭhodarapāṇipādāḥ
śūram paścāt anuvrajanti ataḥ
bhayārtāḥ praṇipatya kṛtvā
añjalīn bhūyaḥ upatiṣṭhanti śūrān
16. Cowards, despite having backs, bellies, hands, and feet similar to others, follow the brave from behind. Therefore, tormented by fear, they repeatedly bow down, offer their folded hands (añjalis), and approach the brave.
शूरबाहुषु लोकोऽयं लम्बते पुत्रवत्सदा ।
तस्मात्सर्वास्ववस्थासु शूरः संमानमर्हति ॥१७॥
17. śūrabāhuṣu loko'yaṁ lambate putravatsadā ,
tasmātsarvāsvavasthāsu śūraḥ saṁmānamarhati.
17. śūrabāhuṣu lokaḥ ayam lambate putravat sadā
tasmāt sarvāsu avasthāsu śūraḥ saṃmānam arhati
17. ayam lokaḥ sadā putravat śūrabāhuṣu lambate
tasmāt śūraḥ saṃmānam sarvāsu avasthāsu arhati
17. This world always depends on the arms of the brave as a son depends on his father. Therefore, in all circumstances, the brave person deserves honor.
न हि शौर्यात्परं किंचित्त्रिषु लोकेषु विद्यते ।
शूरः सर्वं पालयति सर्वं शूरे प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥१८॥
18. na hi śauryātparaṁ kiṁcittriṣu lokeṣu vidyate ,
śūraḥ sarvaṁ pālayati sarvaṁ śūre pratiṣṭhitam.
18. na hi śauryāt param kiṃcit triṣu lokeṣu vidyate
śūraḥ sarvam pālayati sarvam śūre pratiṣṭhitam
18. hi triṣu lokeṣu śauryāt param kiṃcit na vidyate
śūraḥ sarvam pālayati sarvam śūre pratiṣṭhitam
18. Indeed, nothing superior to valor exists in the three worlds. The brave one protects everything, and everything is established in the brave one.