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महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-118

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भीष्म उवाच ।
स श्वा प्रकृतिमापन्नः परं दैन्यमुपागमत् ।
ऋषिणा हुंकृतः पापस्तपोवनबहिष्कृतः ॥१॥
1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sa śvā prakṛtimāpannaḥ paraṁ dainyamupāgamat ,
ṛṣiṇā huṁkṛtaḥ pāpastapovanabahiṣkṛtaḥ.
1. bhīṣma uvāca sa śvā prakṛtim āpannaḥ param dainyam
upāgamat ṛṣiṇā huṃkṛtaḥ pāpaḥ tapovanabahiṣkṛtaḥ
1. bhīṣma uvāca sa śvā prakṛtim āpannaḥ param dainyam
upāgamat ṛṣiṇā huṃkṛtaḥ pāpaḥ tapovanabahiṣkṛtaḥ
1. Bhishma said: That (individual) who was (once) a dog, having regained his original nature (prakṛti), fell into extreme misery. The wicked one, scolded by the sage, was then expelled from the hermitage (tapovana).
एवं राज्ञा मतिमता विदित्वा शीलशौचताम् ।
आर्जवं प्रकृतिं सत्त्वं कुलं वृत्तं श्रुतं दमम् ॥२॥
2. evaṁ rājñā matimatā viditvā śīlaśaucatām ,
ārjavaṁ prakṛtiṁ sattvaṁ kulaṁ vṛttaṁ śrutaṁ damam.
2. evam rājñā matimatā viditvā śīlaśaucatām ārjavam
prakṛtim sattvam kulam vṛttam śrutam damam
2. evam rājñā matimatā viditvā śīlaśaucatām ārjavam
prakṛtim sattvam kulam vṛttam śrutam damam
2. Thus, an intelligent king, having understood character, purity, straightforwardness, intrinsic nature (prakṛti), goodness, lineage, conduct, learning, and self-control,
अनुक्रोशं बलं वीर्यं भावं संप्रशमं क्षमाम् ।
भृत्या ये यत्र योग्याः स्युस्तत्र स्थाप्याः सुशिक्षिताः ॥३॥
3. anukrośaṁ balaṁ vīryaṁ bhāvaṁ saṁpraśamaṁ kṣamām ,
bhṛtyā ye yatra yogyāḥ syustatra sthāpyāḥ suśikṣitāḥ.
3. anukrośam balam vīryam bhāvam sampraśamam kṣamām
bhṛtyāḥ ye yatra yogyāḥ syuḥ tatra sthāpyāḥ suśikṣitāḥ
3. evam rājñā matimatā śīlaśaucatām ārjavam prakṛtim
sattvam kulam vṛttam śrutam damam anukrośam
balam vīryam bhāvam sampraśamam kṣamām viditvā ye
bhṛtyāḥ yatra yogyāḥ syuḥ tatra suśikṣitāḥ sthāpyāḥ
3. compassion, strength, valor, disposition, complete tranquility, and patience, should appoint well-trained servants wherever they are suitable.
नापरीक्ष्य महीपालः प्रकर्तुं भृत्यमर्हति ।
अकुलीननराकीर्णो न राजा सुखमेधते ॥४॥
4. nāparīkṣya mahīpālaḥ prakartuṁ bhṛtyamarhati ,
akulīnanarākīrṇo na rājā sukhamedhate.
4. na aparīkṣya mahīpālaḥ prakartum bhṛtyam
arhati akulīnanarākīrṇaḥ na rājā sukham edhate
4. mahīpālaḥ bhṛtyam aparīkṣya prakartum na
arhati akulīnanarākīrṇaḥ rājā sukham na edhate
4. A king should not appoint a servant without thoroughly examining him. A ruler surrounded by ignoble men does not prosper well.
कुलजः प्रकृतो राज्ञा तत्कुलीनतया सदा ।
न पापे कुरुते बुद्धिं निन्द्यमानोऽप्यनागसि ॥५॥
5. kulajaḥ prakṛto rājñā tatkulīnatayā sadā ,
na pāpe kurute buddhiṁ nindyamāno'pyanāgasi.
5. kulajaḥ prakṛtaḥ rājñā tatkulīnatayā sadā na
pāpe kurute buddhim nindyamānaḥ api anāgasi
5. rājñā prakṛtaḥ kulajaḥ tatkulīnatayā sadā
anāgasi api nindyamānaḥ buddhim pāpe na kurute
5. A noble person, appointed by the king, always, due to his inherent nobility, does not incline his mind towards sin, even when he is blameless but being censured.
अकुलीनस्तु पुरुषः प्रकृतः साधुसंक्षयात् ।
दुर्लभैश्वर्यतां प्राप्तो निन्दितः शत्रुतां व्रजेत् ॥६॥
6. akulīnastu puruṣaḥ prakṛtaḥ sādhusaṁkṣayāt ,
durlabhaiśvaryatāṁ prāpto ninditaḥ śatrutāṁ vrajet.
6. akulīnaḥ tu puruṣaḥ prakṛtaḥ sādhusaṃkṣayāt
durlabhaiśvaryatām prāptaḥ ninditaḥ śatrutām vrajet
6. tu sādhusaṃkṣayāt prakṛtaḥ akulīnaḥ puruṣaḥ
durlabhaiśvaryatām prāptaḥ ninditaḥ śatrutām vrajet
6. But an ignoble (puruṣa) person, appointed because of the scarcity of good individuals, having attained a position of rare authority, would, upon being censured, turn into an enemy.
कुलीनं शिक्षितं प्राज्ञं ज्ञानविज्ञानकोविदम् ।
सर्वशास्त्रार्थतत्त्वज्ञं सहिष्णुं देशजं तथा ॥७॥
7. kulīnaṁ śikṣitaṁ prājñaṁ jñānavijñānakovidam ,
sarvaśāstrārthatattvajñaṁ sahiṣṇuṁ deśajaṁ tathā.
7. kulīnam śikṣitam prājñam jñānavijñānakovidam
sarvaśāstrārthatattvajñam sahiṣṇum deśajam tathā
7. kulīnam śikṣitam prājñam jñānavijñānakovidam
sarvaśāstrārthatattvajñam sahiṣṇum deśajam tathā
7. (A king should appoint) a person who is of noble birth, well-educated, intelligent, proficient in both theoretical and practical knowledge, one who understands the true meaning of all scriptures, patient, and native to the land.
कृतज्ञं बलवन्तं च क्षान्तं दान्तं जितेन्द्रियम् ।
अलुब्धं लब्धसंतुष्टं स्वामिमित्रबुभूषकम् ॥८॥
8. kṛtajñaṁ balavantaṁ ca kṣāntaṁ dāntaṁ jitendriyam ,
alubdhaṁ labdhasaṁtuṣṭaṁ svāmimitrabubhūṣakam.
8. kṛtajñam balavantam ca kṣāntam dāntam jitendriyam
alubdham labdhasantuṣṭam svāmitrabubhūṣakam
8. kṛtajñam balavantam ca kṣāntam dāntam jitendriyam
alubdham labdhasantuṣṭam svāmitrabubhūṣakam
8. One who is grateful, strong, patient, self-controlled, one who has conquered his senses, not greedy, content with what he has obtained, and desirous of serving his master and friends.
सचिवं देशकालज्ञं सर्वसंग्रहणे रतम् ।
सत्कृतं युक्तमनसं हितैषिणमतन्द्रितम् ॥९॥
9. sacivaṁ deśakālajñaṁ sarvasaṁgrahaṇe ratam ,
satkṛtaṁ yuktamanasaṁ hitaiṣiṇamatandritam.
9. sacivam deśakālajñam sarvasaṅgrahaṇe ratam
satkṛtam yuktamanaSAM hitaiṣiṇam atandritam
9. sacivam deśakālajñam sarvasaṅgrahaṇe ratam
satkṛtam yuktamanaSAM hitaiṣiṇam atandritam
9. A minister who knows the proper place and time, who is diligent in managing all affairs, honored, with a composed mind, a well-wisher, and vigilant.
युक्ताचारं स्वविषये संधिविग्रहकोविदम् ।
राज्ञस्त्रिवर्गवेत्तारं पौरजानपदप्रियम् ॥१०॥
10. yuktācāraṁ svaviṣaye saṁdhivigrahakovidam ,
rājñastrivargavettāraṁ paurajānapadapriyam.
10. yuktācāram svaviṣaye sandhivigrahakovidam
rājñaḥ trivargavettāram paurajānapadapriyam
10. yuktācāram svaviṣaye sandhivigrahakovidam
rājñaḥ trivargavettāram paurajānapadapriyam
10. One whose conduct is proper within his own sphere, skilled in treaties and war, one who knows the king's three aims of life (dharma, artha, kāma), and who is dear to the urban and rural citizens.
खातकव्यूहतत्त्वज्ञं बलहर्षणकोविदम् ।
इङ्गिताकारतत्त्वज्ञं यात्रायानविशारदम् ॥११॥
11. khātakavyūhatattvajñaṁ balaharṣaṇakovidam ,
iṅgitākāratattvajñaṁ yātrāyānaviśāradam.
11. khātakavyūhatattvajñam balaharṣaṇakovidam
iṅgitākāratattvajñam yātrāyānaviśāradam
11. khātakavyūhatattvajñam balaharṣaṇakovidam
iṅgitākāratattvajñam yātrāyānaviśāradam
11. One who knows the principles of entrenchments and military formations, skilled in inspiring the army, understanding the true meaning of hints and gestures, and expert in military expeditions and campaigns.
हस्तिशिक्षासु तत्त्वज्ञमहंकारविवर्जितम् ।
प्रगल्भं दक्षिणं दान्तं बलिनं युक्तकारिणम् ॥१२॥
12. hastiśikṣāsu tattvajñamahaṁkāravivarjitam ,
pragalbhaṁ dakṣiṇaṁ dāntaṁ balinaṁ yuktakāriṇam.
12. hastiśikṣāsu tattvajñam ahaṅkāravivarjitam
pragalbham dakṣiṇam dāntam balinam yuktakāriṇam
12. hastiśikṣāsu tattvajñam ahaṅkāravivarjitam
pragalbham dakṣiṇam dāntam balinam yuktakāriṇam
12. He should be an expert in elephant training, devoid of ego (ahaṅkāra), confident, skillful, self-controlled, strong, and judicious in action.
चोक्षं चोक्षजनाकीर्णं सुवेषं सुखदर्शनम् ।
नायकं नीतिकुशलं गुणषष्ट्या समन्वितम् ॥१३॥
13. cokṣaṁ cokṣajanākīrṇaṁ suveṣaṁ sukhadarśanam ,
nāyakaṁ nītikuśalaṁ guṇaṣaṣṭyā samanvitam.
13. cokṣam cokṣajanākīrṇam suveṣam sukhadarśanam
nāyakam nītikuśalam guṇaṣaṣṭyā samanvitam
13. nāyakam cokṣam cokṣajanākīrṇam suveṣam
sukhadarśanam nītikuśalam guṇaṣaṣṭyā samanvitam
13. A leader who is honest, surrounded by honest people, well-dressed, pleasant to behold, skilled in statesmanship (nīti), and endowed with sixty qualities.
अस्तब्धं प्रश्रितं शक्तं मृदुवादिनमेव च ।
धीरं श्लक्ष्णं महर्द्धिं च देशकालोपपादकम् ॥१४॥
14. astabdhaṁ praśritaṁ śaktaṁ mṛduvādinameva ca ,
dhīraṁ ślakṣṇaṁ maharddhiṁ ca deśakālopapādakam.
14. astabdham praśritam śaktam mṛduvādinam eva ca
dhīram ślakṣṇam maharddhim ca deśakālopapādakam
14. astabdham praśritam śaktam mṛduvādinam eva ca
dhīram ślakṣṇam maharddhim ca deśakālopapādakam
14. He should be humble, modest, capable, and indeed soft-spoken; resolute, subtle, possessed of great prosperity, and one who acts appropriately according to place and time.
सचिवं यः प्रकुरुते न चैनमवमन्यते ।
तस्य विस्तीर्यते राज्यं ज्योत्स्ना ग्रहपतेरिव ॥१५॥
15. sacivaṁ yaḥ prakurute na cainamavamanyate ,
tasya vistīryate rājyaṁ jyotsnā grahapateriva.
15. sacivam yaḥ prakurute na ca enam avamanyate
tasya vistīryate rājyam jyotsnā grahapateḥ iva
15. yaḥ sacivam prakurute ca enam na avamanyate
tasya rājyam vistīryate grahapateḥ jyotsnā iva
15. The kingdom of him who appoints such a minister and does not disrespect him, expands, just as the moonlight (jyotsnā) of the moon (grahapati) spreads.
एतैरेव गुणैर्युक्तो राजा शास्त्रविशारदः ।
एष्टव्यो धर्मपरमः प्रजापालनतत्परः ॥१६॥
16. etaireva guṇairyukto rājā śāstraviśāradaḥ ,
eṣṭavyo dharmaparamaḥ prajāpālanatatparaḥ.
16. etaiḥ eva guṇaiḥ yuktaḥ rājā śāstraviśāradaḥ
eṣṭavyaḥ dharmaparamaḥ prajāpālanatatparaḥ
16. rājā etaiḥ eva guṇaiḥ yuktaḥ śāstraviśāradaḥ
dharmaparamaḥ prajāpālanatatparaḥ eṣṭavyaḥ
16. A king endowed with these very qualities, skilled in the scriptures, profoundly committed to natural law (dharma), and diligently dedicated to protecting his subjects, should be chosen.
धीरो मर्षी शुचिः शीघ्रः काले पुरुषकारवित् ।
शुश्रूषुः श्रुतवाञ्श्रोता ऊहापोहविशारदः ॥१७॥
17. dhīro marṣī śuciḥ śīghraḥ kāle puruṣakāravit ,
śuśrūṣuḥ śrutavāñśrotā ūhāpohaviśāradaḥ.
17. dhīraḥ marṣī śuciḥ śīghraḥ kāle puruṣakāravit
śuśrūṣuḥ śrutavān śrotā ūhāpohaviśāradaḥ
17. saḥ dhīraḥ marṣī śuciḥ śīghraḥ kāle puruṣakāravit
śuśrūṣuḥ śrutavān śrotā ūhāpohaviśāradaḥ (bhavet)
17. He should be steadfast, forgiving, pure, swift in action, knowledgeable about human effort (puruṣakāra) at the right time, obedient, learned, a good listener, and skilled in deliberation and discernment.
मेधावी धारणायुक्तो यथान्यायोपपादकः ।
दान्तः सदा प्रियाभाषी क्षमावांश्च विपर्यये ॥१८॥
18. medhāvī dhāraṇāyukto yathānyāyopapādakaḥ ,
dāntaḥ sadā priyābhāṣī kṣamāvāṁśca viparyaye.
18. medhāvī dhāraṇāyuktaḥ yathānyāyopapādakaḥ
dāntaḥ sadā priyābhāṣī kṣamāvān ca viparyaye
18. saḥ medhāvī dhāraṇāyuktaḥ yathānyāyopapādakaḥ dāntaḥ
sadā priyābhāṣī ca viparyaye kṣamāvān (bhavet)
18. He should be intelligent, endowed with good memory, a dispenser of justice according to what is right, self-controlled, always speaking pleasantly, and forgiving in adverse circumstances.
दानाच्छेदे स्वयंकारी सुद्वारः सुखदर्शनः ।
आर्तहस्तप्रदो नित्यमाप्तंमन्यो नये रतः ॥१९॥
19. dānācchede svayaṁkārī sudvāraḥ sukhadarśanaḥ ,
ārtahastaprado nityamāptaṁmanyo naye rataḥ.
19. dānāt chede svayaṃkārī sudvāraḥ sukhadarśanaḥ
ārtahastapradaḥ nityam āptaṃmanyaḥ naye rataḥ
19. saḥ dānāt chede svayaṃkārī sudvāraḥ sukhadarśanaḥ nityam
ārtahastapradaḥ āptaṃmanyaḥ ca naye rataḥ (bhavet)
19. He should act independently in matters of charity (dāna) and distribution, be easily approachable, pleasant to behold, always extend a helping hand to the distressed, consider himself trustworthy, and be devoted to proper policy.
नाहंवादी न निर्द्वंद्वो न यत्किंचनकारकः ।
कृते कर्मण्यमोघानां कर्ता भृत्यजनप्रियः ॥२०॥
20. nāhaṁvādī na nirdvaṁdvo na yatkiṁcanakārakaḥ ,
kṛte karmaṇyamoghānāṁ kartā bhṛtyajanapriyaḥ.
20. na ahaṃvādī na nirdvandvaḥ na yatkiṃcanakārakaḥ
kṛte karmaṇi amoghānām kartā bhṛtyajanapriyaḥ
20. na ahaṃvādī na nirdvandvaḥ na yatkiṃcanakārakaḥ
kṛte karmaṇi amoghānām kartā bhṛtyajanapriyaḥ
20. He is not one who boasts 'I am the doer', nor is he indifferent to dualities (dvandvas), nor does he act on a whim. He is the one who ensures unfailing outcomes (karma) in completed actions, and he is beloved by his servants.
संगृहीतजनोऽस्तब्धः प्रसन्नवदनः सदा ।
दाता भृत्यजनावेक्षी न क्रोधी सुमहामनाः ॥२१॥
21. saṁgṛhītajano'stabdhaḥ prasannavadanaḥ sadā ,
dātā bhṛtyajanāvekṣī na krodhī sumahāmanāḥ.
21. saṃgṛhītajanaḥ astabdhaḥ prasannavadanaḥ sadā
dātā bhṛtyajanāvekṣī na krodhī sumahāmanāḥ
21. saṃgṛhītajanaḥ astabdhaḥ prasannavadanaḥ sadā
dātā bhṛtyajanāvekṣī na krodhī sumahāmanāḥ
21. He is one who has loyal subjects (saṃgṛhītajana), not arrogant, and always has a cheerful face. He is generous, attentive to his servants, not easily angered, and very magnanimous.
युक्तदण्डो न निर्दण्डो धर्मकार्यानुशासकः ।
चारनेत्रः परावेक्षी धर्मार्थकुशलः सदा ॥२२॥
22. yuktadaṇḍo na nirdaṇḍo dharmakāryānuśāsakaḥ ,
cāranetraḥ parāvekṣī dharmārthakuśalaḥ sadā.
22. yuktadaṇḍaḥ na nirdanḍaḥ dharmakāryānuśāsakaḥ
cāranetraḥ parāvekṣī dharmārthakuśalaḥ sadā
22. yuktadaṇḍaḥ na nirdanḍaḥ dharmakāryānuśāsakaḥ
cāranetraḥ parāvekṣī dharmārthakuśalaḥ sadā
22. He is one who metes out appropriate punishment and is not without authority. He is an instructor in righteous (dharma) actions, has spies as his eyes, is vigilant regarding others, and is always skilled in matters of natural law (dharma) and prosperity (artha).
राजा गुणशताकीर्ण एष्टव्यस्तादृशो भवेत् ।
योधाश्चैव मनुष्येन्द्र सर्वैर्गुणगुणैर्वृताः ॥२३॥
23. rājā guṇaśatākīrṇa eṣṭavyastādṛśo bhavet ,
yodhāścaiva manuṣyendra sarvairguṇaguṇairvṛtāḥ.
23. rājā guṇaśatākīrṇaḥ eṣṭavyaḥ tādṛśaḥ bhavet yodhāḥ
ca eva manuṣyendra sarvaiḥ guṇaguṇaiḥ vṛtāḥ
23. manuṣyendra tādṛśaḥ guṇaśatākīrṇaḥ rājā eṣṭavyaḥ
bhavet ca eva yodhāḥ sarvaiḥ guṇaguṇaiḥ vṛtāḥ
23. A king endowed with hundreds of virtues, such a one should be desired. And indeed, O king of men, warriors should be endowed with all excellent qualities.
अन्वेष्टव्याः सुपुरुषाः सहाया राज्यधारणाः ।
न विमानयितव्याश्च राज्ञा वृद्धिमभीप्सता ॥२४॥
24. anveṣṭavyāḥ supuruṣāḥ sahāyā rājyadhāraṇāḥ ,
na vimānayitavyāśca rājñā vṛddhimabhīpsatā.
24. anveṣṭavyāḥ supuruṣāḥ sahāyāḥ rājyadhāraṇāḥ
na vimānayitavyāḥ ca rājñā vṛddhimabhīpsatā
24. vṛddhimabhīpsatā rājñā supuruṣāḥ sahāyāḥ
rājyadhāraṇāḥ anveṣṭavyāḥ ca na vimānayitavyāḥ
24. A king desiring prosperity should seek out excellent men who can serve as assistants and uphold the kingdom. Such individuals should not be disrespected.
योधाः समरशौटीराः कृतज्ञाः शस्त्रकोविदाः ।
धर्मशास्त्रसमायुक्ताः पदातिजनसंयुताः ॥२५॥
25. yodhāḥ samaraśauṭīrāḥ kṛtajñāḥ śastrakovidāḥ ,
dharmaśāstrasamāyuktāḥ padātijanasaṁyutāḥ.
25. yodhāḥ samaraśauṭīrāḥ kṛtajñāḥ śastrakovidāḥ
dharmaśāstrasamāyuktāḥ padātijanasaṃyutāḥ
25. yodhāḥ samaraśauṭīrāḥ kṛtajñāḥ śastrakovidāḥ
dharmaśāstrasamāyuktāḥ padātijanasaṃyutāḥ
25. Warriors who are brave in battle, grateful, skilled in weapons, well-versed in the treatises on natural law (dharma), and accompanied by infantry...
अर्थमानविवृद्धाश्च रथचर्याविशारदाः ।
इष्वस्त्रकुशला यस्य तस्येयं नृपतेर्मही ॥२६॥
26. arthamānavivṛddhāśca rathacaryāviśāradāḥ ,
iṣvastrakuśalā yasya tasyeyaṁ nṛpatermahī.
26. arthamānavivṛddhāḥ ca rathacaryāviśāradāḥ
iṣvastrakuśalāḥ yasya tasya iyam nṛpateḥ mahī
26. yasya arthamānavivṛddhāḥ ca rathacaryāviśāradāḥ
iṣvastrakuśalāḥ tasya nṛpateḥ iyam mahī
26. ...and who are prosperous in wealth and honor, skilled in chariot operations, and expert in archery and weaponry – the earth belongs to such a king.
सर्वसंग्रहणे युक्तो नृपो भवति यः सदा ।
उत्थानशीलो मित्राढ्यः स राजा राजसत्तमः ॥२७॥
27. sarvasaṁgrahaṇe yukto nṛpo bhavati yaḥ sadā ,
utthānaśīlo mitrāḍhyaḥ sa rājā rājasattamaḥ.
27. sarvasaṅgrahaṇe yuktaḥ nṛpaḥ bhavati yaḥ sadā
utthānaśīlaḥ mitrāḍhyaḥ saḥ rājā rājasattamaḥ
27. yaḥ nṛpaḥ sadā sarvasaṅgrahaṇe yuktaḥ utthānaśīlaḥ
mitrāḍhyaḥ bhavati saḥ rājā rājasattamaḥ
27. The king who is always engaged in collecting all resources, is industrious by nature, and rich in friends, he is the best of kings.
शक्या अश्वसहस्रेण वीरारोहेण भारत ।
संगृहीतमनुष्येण कृत्स्ना जेतुं वसुंधरा ॥२८॥
28. śakyā aśvasahasreṇa vīrāroheṇa bhārata ,
saṁgṛhītamanuṣyeṇa kṛtsnā jetuṁ vasuṁdharā.
28. śakyā aśvasahasreṇa vīrārōheṇa bhārata
saṃgṛhītamanuṣyeṇa kṛtsnā jetuṃ vasuṃdharā
28. bhārata kṛtsnā vasuṃdharā aśvasahasreṇa
vīrārōheṇa saṃgṛhītamanuṣyeṇa jetuṃ śakyā
28. O Bhārata, the entire earth can be conquered by a thousand horses, a heroic rider, and a well-assembled army.